DESIGNING AND MANUFACTURING OF “FOOT OPERATED STEERING” FOR DISABLED PEOPLE by IAEME Publication

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 6, Issue 12, Dec 2015, pp. 66-72, Article ID: IJMET_06_12_007 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=6&IType=12 ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359 © IAEME Publication

DESIGNING AND MANUFACTURING OF “FOOT OPERATED STEERING” FOR DISABLED PEOPLE Mandar Soman, Sumit Sonekar, Saurabh Upadhye Mechanical Engineering Department, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, MS Prof. Pathan Farha Mubeen Mechanical Engineering Department, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, MS ABSTRACT Transportation has become an integral part of people’s everyday life. At certain times, in large countries like India, people are forced to travel more than 200 km from their work place to their place of residence. People with disabilities in lower extremities and hands have difficulties in travelling and cannot travel these long distances. They use devices such as wheel chair, crutches and artificial limbs for mobility. These however cannot be used for long distance outdoor transportation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to design and fabricate ‘Foot operated system’ for armless people. The system will be using “Rack And Pinion” arrangement, which converts rotary motion into linear motion. The system consists of wheels, internal threaded cylinder, lead screw, linkages, rotating pinion and rack. This system is compact and thus will be used for long distance transportation. The main objective of the project is to design a foot operated system for handicapped people and will be useful in military purpose. This system will be cost effective and easy to operate. Key words: Disabled People, Disability, Foot Operated System, Rack and Pinion Cite this Article: Mandar Soman, Sumit Sonekar, Saurabh Upadhye and Prof. Pathan Farha Mubeen. Designing and Manufacturing of “Foot Operated Steering” For Disabled People, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 6(12), 2015, pp. 66-72. http://www.iaeme.com/currentissue.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=6&IType=12

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Designing and Manufacturing of “Foot Operated Steering” For Disabled People

1. INTRODUCTION Now a days transportation has become great difficulty to and individual to reach the destination on time. Everyone has their own vehicle and people with all body parts are fortunate. But it is unfortunate for partially disable people with hands. Disability is the repercussion of an impairment which can be mental, physical, emotional, vision, sensory. Disabilities can occur in upper extremities as well as in lower extremities. Thus these people become more dependants and lose their confidence. Due to this effect, they stand a great disadvantage in using public as well as private transportation facilities. A national level survey conducted in India by the Central Government of India once in ten years revealed that, around 27 million people which are about 2.21% of the Indians are differently able. Among them, around 14.98 million were men while 11.84 million were women. Thus, the percentage of disabled people in rural area was higher than those in urban areas. A total of 5.43 million people were identified with disabilities in movement which was the highest among other categories such as hearing, seeing etc. in terms of numbers of people affected. Table 1 Population of people with disabilities by type of disability Types Of Disability Mental retardation In hearing In seeing In speech In movement Any other Multiple disability Multiple disability

Total

Males 8,70,708 4,15,732 26,77,544 26,38,516 11,22,896 33,70,374 27,27,828 11,62,604 1,49,86,202

Females 6,34,916 3,07,094 23,93,463 23,93,947 8,75,639 20,66,230 21,99,183 9,53,883 1,18,24,355

Persons 15,05,624 7,22,826 50,71,007 50,32,463 19,98,535 54,36,604 49,27,011 21,16,487 2,68,10,557

Table 2 Disabled population by sex and residence Residence Urban Rural Total

Males 45,78,034 1,04,08,168 1,49,86,202

Females 36,00,602 82,23,753 1,18,24,355

Persons 81,78,636 1,86,31,921 2,68,10,557

1.2. Objectives To design and manufacture vehicle which can be operated by disable people. 

To manufacture a car for long distance transport.

 

To reduce the dependency on others to perform daily duties. To develop a system at affordable cost.

1.3. Problem Statement To develop an automobile system which will help disabled people to drive vehicle with the help of their foot.

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Mandar Soman, Sumit Sonekar, Saurabh Upadhye and Prof. Pathan Farha Mubeen

2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. A Low Cost Mobility Solution for Physically Challenged People; “Pranchal Srivastava, Raj Kumar Pal” The most common approach used in most powered wheelchairs is having two motors for traction each driving a wheel on either side of the machine. Forward motion is achieved by keeping the speeds of the motors identical in one direction and the other direction for reverse motion. Turns are executed by making the speeds of the motors different. The radius of turn depends on the speed difference. This system depicts three novel approaches for cost effectiveness and efficient working, firstly having a powered wheel chair drive with a gear mechanism which is used to generate proper speed of the wheels on the either side with single power motor. The advantage of this system is that it makes the system control easy and cheap. Secondly, utilization of waste brake energy for battery charging which lead to reduced cost of powered wheel in the long run.

2.2. Dual Steered Three Wheeler For Differently Able People; “Arun Raju C , Anish Raman C , Veerappan K.R. Venkat Narayanan The aim of this study is to design and fabricate a 3 wheeler with dual steering system for people with locomotive disabilities .A greater steering effort is required in the case of a four wheeler compared to a three wheeler. Hence, a three wheeler was selected instead of a four wheeler. In this case, handle bar steering system and leg steering system can be individually steered with hands and legs respectively, enabling its utility people with disabilities in upper extremities. Sprocket chain system was used in leg steering system. A 98cc Kinetic Honda Engine was used as the power source and the engine was placed towards the rear end of the vehicle. Single Rated and double rated suspension spring was used in the front and rear drive shaft respectively. Sprocket chain system was used in leg steering system.

2.3. An Efficient Car Driving Controller System Design for Physically Challenged People Using Arm Processor; “Katari Ramaiah, T. Mallikarjun” The aim of the technology is to help those handicapped who don’t have healthy hands to run a vehicle by giving the voice commands. In this the driver need not use the steering instead his head. This vehicle is only for those handicapped those who can nod head well. Four switches are interfaced over the neck of the driver, and the vehicle can be controlled by the head movement. Corresponding tactile switches are activated according to the movement of the head, and towards the conclusion the practical difficulties are described and the possible solutions are discussed.

3. METHODOLOGY The system consists of an internally threaded pinion and one externally threaded lead screw which are engaged like nut and bolt arrangement. C-clamp is used to transfer the motion of lead screw. A rack is connected to C-clamp. The rack is engaged to first pinion. This pinion is centrally aligned with second pinion. One more rack is connected to this pinion to convert rotary motion into linear motion. The wheels are at both ends of the rack. Initially the pinion is rotated in clockwise direction by using left foot. Due to this motion, the lead screw moves to the left side. C-clamp transfers the motion to the http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp

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Designing and Manufacturing of “Foot Operated Steering” For Disabled People

rack. Rack moves along with C-clamp. The first pinion which is engaged with rack will start rotating in clockwise direction due to motion of rack. The second pinion also rotates in same direction as the first. The second pinion again transfers motion to another rack which has wheels at its both the ends and rack will move in right direction. Due to the motion of rack, the wheels will move to right direction and vehicle will take right turn. Similarly, when driver rotates pinion in anti-clockwise direction the exact opposite mechanism will occur and vehicle will take left turn. This system can be mounted in cars having automatic gear system because the clutch of the vehicle is to be replaced by lead screw and pinion pair.

3.1. Steps

Figure 1 Steps for Methodology

3.2. Specifications The materials used for manufacturing of different components are as follows Table 3 Materials used for different components SR NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

DESCRIPTION Bearing Bearing Holder Axle Shaft Frame Wheel Rack And Pinion

MATERIAL Carbon Steel Steel Carbon Steel Carbon Steel Mild Steel Rubber Carbon Steel Case Hardened

3.3. Side View and Top View of Model: The designing is done in ‘Autocad’. Fig 1 and fig 2 shows side view and top view of the model. The figures show two dimensional view of model. It shows all components of system from different views.

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Mandar Soman, Sumit Sonekar, Saurabh Upadhye and Prof. Pathan Farha Mubeen

Figure 2 Side view And Top View of model

4. CALCULATIONS Aim of the calculation is to calculate ‘module’ of pinion and the dimensions of pinion. Calculation for both the pinion is same. Known data:Numbers of teeth = Zp = 24 Strength of Gear = Sup = 600 N/mm2 Power = 50 w b= 10 * m Surface Finish Factor Ka= 2 Speed of Pinion = 50 rpm BHN = 400 Factor of safety = 1.5 σbp=

= 200 N/mm2

Assuming 200 full depth involute, Lewis factor = Y

= 0.484 = 0.484 – = 0.3644

= σbp* b*m*Y = 200*10*m*m*0.3644 =728.8833 * m2

= m* Zp = 24* m

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Designing and Manufacturing of “Foot Operated Steering” For Disabled People

= = 1.5

= 0.16 [

= 0.16 [400/100]2 =2.56 Surface wear Fw = Dp * b * Q * K = 24 * m * 10 * m * 1.5 *2.56 =921.6* m2 V

= = = 0.062 * m m/s

= = =

= =

Feff

= =

Now, Fb

= Nf * Feff

728.883 *m2 = 1.5 *

On solving, m = 1.4928 =2 Gear Dimensions are:1. M = 2 mm 2. Zp

= 24

3. b

= 10*m = 10*2

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Mandar Soman, Sumit Sonekar, Saurabh Upadhye and Prof. Pathan Farha Mubeen

=20 mm 4. Dp

= m* Zp = 24*2 =48 mm

5. ha

= 1*m =1*2 =2 mm

6. hf

= 1.25 * m = 1.25* 2 =2.5 mm

5. CONCLUSIONS We can conclude that maximum speed of the car is 60 kilometers /hour. As the system is bulky the fuel economy decreases, but this affect is negligible. The system is only applicable to automatically driven cars and thus suitable for long distance transport.

REFERENCES [1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

Arun Raju C, Anish Raman C, Veerappan K.R.Venkat Narayanan; “Dual steered three wheeler for differently able people”, European Scientific Journal May 2014 edition vol.10, no.15 Issn: 1857 – 7881 (print) e - Issn 1857- 7431. Arun Manohar Gurrama, P.S.V Ramana Rao, Raghuveer Dontikurtia; “Solar powered wheel chair: Mobility for physically challenged”, International journal on current engineering and technology, vol.2, no.1 (March 2012). Major General Vijay P Pawar and Dr George Judah, A Study on the Rehabilitation Facilities Provided by the Government to People with Disabilities & Its Awareness in the Society, International Journal of Management, Volume 5, Issue 8, 2014, pp. 16 - 24. Dr. Anil Kumar Mishra (Ph.D.) and Neeti Mishra. A Review on Childhood Disability and Its Direct and Indirect Cost to Families, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 5(11), 2014, pp. 96-102. V. B. Bhandari; “Design of machine elements”, Reference book.

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