The title of your publicationAnatomy Essays

RepresentationofraceandgenderiseffortlesslyshownthroughouttheAmericanmedicaldrama series,Grey'sAnatomy.ItwasreleasedonABCtelevisionin2005andcontinuedtoairuntil2016. ItnarratesfivemedicalstudentsinSeattle,Washington'shospitalinwhichtheyallprogressthrough theseasonstobecomeadoctor.Theyalsogoaswellthroughdramaanddifficultsituations,while tryingtokeeptheirpersonallovelivesmaintained."OneofthebestthingsinGrey'sAnatomyisthat noneofthecharactersareperfect;theyallhaveglaringimperfections"(Wilson,2009,p.2).Grey's Anatomypresentsthecharactersasnormalpeople,dealingwithreallifeproblemswhichgathera wideaudiencewhocanrelatetotheseriesTheseriesshowmorecontent

Forinstance,theopeningsceneoftheepisodeshowsDerekandMeredith,whicharebothwhite characters.However,theseriesalsotendstorepresentdifferentracesequally,notjustheavily focusingonthewhiteraceTheAfricanAmericancharacterthatholdsamajorroleintheseriesis RichardWebber,thechiefofsurgery.Duringthefirstepisode,heisintroducedtouringhisfellow internsaroundthesurgicalroom,whilediscussingtheirroles.AnotherAfricanAmericancharacter thatisintroducedafterisMirandaBailey,withtheroleofafemalesuperiordoctorwhospeaksina formalandassuredmannernicknamedas'theNazi'inthehospitalbecauseofthewayshetreatsher internsForexample,sheisharshtoeveryoneintheepisodewhichmakestheinternscometo respecther."MirandaBaileyoffersoneofthemoreintriguingexamplesofhowblacknessisfigured inatextsuchasGrey'sAnatomyasamatterofpersonalandcommunicationstyle,ratherthan politicalandsocialdifferences"(Havens,2013,p.125).Racialstereotypesarepresentedinthis seriesdifferently,asAfricanAmericansaregivenmajorroles.Thisisanadvantagetowards destroyingtheracialstereotypeoftheaudiencebelievingonlywhitecharactersareintendedtomain roles.TheseriesalsodisplaysanAsiancharacter,ChristinaYang.Sheisintroducedinthefirst episodeasan

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AnatomyAndPhysiologyStudyGuide

1.Distinguishbetweenanatomyandphysiology

Anatomyisthestudyofthestructureandshapeforthebodyanditspartsandtheirrelationshipto oneanother.Anatomyismostcommonlyrelatedtogrossanatomicalstudiesbecauseinthesestudies preservedanimalsandtheirorgansaredissectedandexamined.Andmicroscopicanatomyisthe studyofbodystructuresthatcanonlybeseenthroughamicroscopePhysiologyisthestudyofhow thebodyanditspartsworkorfunction.Physiologyissimilartoanatomyinawaythattheyhave manysubdivisions.Physiologyhas;neurophysiologywhichexplainthefunctionofthenervous systemItalsohascardiacphysiologywhichisthestudyoftheheartAnatomyandPhysiologyare relatedbecauseithelps...showmorecontent...

Thenextismovementwhichistheactivitiespromotedbythemuscularsystem.Thenextis responsivenesswhichistheabilitytosensechangesintheenvironmentandthenreacttothem.The nextisdigestionwhichistheprocessofbreakingdownfoodsintosimplemolecules.Thenextis metabolismwhichisthechemicalreactionthatoccurswithinthebodybybreakingdowncomplex substancesintosimplerbuildingblocks.Thenextisexcretionwhichistheprocessofremoving wastefromthebody.Thenextisreproductionwhichistheproductionofoffspring.Thelastis growthwhichistheincreasingsizeofthenumberof

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Thebesttelevisionshowmadeisanyshowthatinspirespeopletofollowtheirdream.Thereare manyshowstheywereproducedtodojustthis.Theydemonstratethatnomatterhowdifferentyou maybeorwhereyou'refromanythingcanbepossibleifyouworkhardenough.Motivatingthe youthaswellasadultpopulationtogoafteracareerorpassion.Forthisreason,nooneshowisthe greatestofalltimefortheentirepopulationEachindividualhasashowthattheyadmireandenjoy watching.Thisshowshouldallowthepersontoforgetallthat'sontheirmindandletthemescape theirrealityfortheshorthourinwhichtheproductionsairs.Grey'sAnatomyisthisshowformeand manyothersaroundthenationItwasthefirstshowwhichshowmorecontent Thereisalwaysnewlifelesionsintegratedintoeachstoryline.Thereisalsoaperspectiveoflifeand personalityplacedwitheachcharacter.Behindeachandeveryscenethereisagreaterpurposethat theproducerembeddedintoit.Thissubconsciouslyhasthewatcherlearnalessonwhilewatching theseriesandhavingthemmoreattachedtotheshow.ThisisallwithintheproductionGrey's AnatomyIncorporatingthatthereisawayforonetobesuccessfulinwhatevertheydreamwhether theyaremaleorfemale,youngorold,richorpoor.Themessagethatanypersonnomatterwhothey arecandowhattheyputtheirmindtooevenifitisahighstatuscareer.Explainingtheworkthatit takestogetthereandobstaclestheywillhavetoovercome.Withthisaccomplishmentofagreat careerduetotheirhardworkitisalsopossibleforthemtohavegreatrelationshipsandfamilylife outsideofworkGrey'sjustasanyotherwellcreatedseriescanhelpsculptthemindsofthis generation.Televisionisanadequatewayenforcemuchneededsocietalmessagestothepopulation, tryingtohelpchangethewrongdoingspresentinthis

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AnatomyAndAnatomyOfAnatomy

ThelightsintheERblinkasthestormragesonoutside.Isnapbackfromthesadnessoftheweather tothejobathand.IrushtotheERtoseemypatienthasbrokenbones,apuncturedlung,anda lacerationalonghiscalf.There'ssomuchbloodeverywhere,comingfromeveryopenwoundonhis body.Hismusclestornapartandhisheartpoundingtryingtostayalive.Nowwasmychance everythingIlearnedaboutanatomycouldhelpmeinthismomentNomoretimetobewastedIgo intotheroomwithanatomydeepinmyveins.Theknowledgeofanatomyhelpsinthesavingof lives,butwedidn'talwayshavethisinformation.Anatomyhasahistory,however,howdiditall begin,andwhobroughttheknowledgeofhumananatomytousTounderstandwhereitallbegan wehavetojourneybackto300BCintheancientcityofAlexandriawherewemeetHerophilus.For him,itwasn'teasytostudyhumananatomybecausetherewasabanondissectionsinAlexandria. HoweveroncethatbanwasliftedHerophiluswasthefirstpersoninGreecetopubliclydissectboth humancadaversandanimals.Herophiluswasthendeemedthefatherofanatomyandwithmore studyingonthebrainhelearnedthatitwasthecenterofthenervoussystemBeforehistimethough therewasthefatherofmedicineorHippocrates.Hippocrateswasoneofthegreatestphysiciansof histime,andalsobroughttheworldofanatomytheHippocraticoath.Nowbacktotodaywe've advancedfurtherintheknowledgeofanatomyand

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AnatomyAndPhysiology:CaseStudy

1.Identifyarelatedpairofmedical,anatomical,orphysiologytermsthathasgivenyoudifficulty.

Theanatomicaltermsthathavealwaysgivenmeproblemsarethenameofthepartsofthebonein legsandarms:diaphysis,epiphysis,andmetaphysis.

2.Explainthesystemyouusetodistinguishtheminyourmind.Includereferencestoanytextsor toolsused.

SinceInoticedthatIhavetogobacktomyreferencestobeabletoidentifythepartsofthebone,I createda"formula."Iusedthefirstletterofthenameofthepartofthebonewithanumberinfront torememberthattherearetwopartswiththesamename:2E2M1Dthatstandsforepiphysisx2, metaphysisx2anddiaphysisx1.Knowingthatthereareadistalandaproximal

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EarAnatomyandHowSoundProcessingWorks

Hearingisdifferentfromthesenseofsmell,taste,andsightbecauseitreliesonphysicalmovement suchasvibrationsintheairthatarepickedupbytheearwhichcausestheeardrumtovibrate.When thevibrationscarrythroughthemiddleear,theyencounterthreebonesthatarenamedthehammer, anvil,andthestirrupThesethreebonesworktogethertoamplifysoundwavesThevibrationsmove fromthemiddleearintothecochleathatisknownastheinnerear.Thevibrationsintheinnerear causethefluidscalledperilymphandendolymphtomovearoundandthatiswhenthebraintakes noticeThemovementofthefluidbendshaircellsthatsendssignalstotheauditorynerveand interpretsthem.Groupsofneuronsaredecodingeverysoundthatisheardandarrangingthemto createshowmorecontent

Thetestwasdesignedtoprovideinformationforfourareas;auditoryattention(theoptionalauditory figure–groundscreenerpresentedonCDatthestartofthetestsession);basicphonologicalskills (Subtest1:WordDiscrimination,Subtest2:PhonologicalSegmentation,andSubtest3: PhonologicalBlending);auditorymemory(Subtest4:NumberMemoryForward,Subtest5: NumberMemoryReversed,Subtest6:WordMemory,andSubtest7:SentenceMemory;and auditorycohesion(Subtest8:AuditoryComprehensionandSubtest9:AuditoryReasoning).This testisuntimedbutcanbecompletedinaboutonehour.Ittakesabout15–20minutestoscore.It normsbasedondatafromover2,000studentsandnownationallystratifiedtomatchthelatestUS Censusdemographicswithregardtogender,ethnicity,residence,geographiclocation,andparent education

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EnclosedpleasefindmyapplicationforAnatomyInstructoratJacobsSchoolofMedicineand AnatomicalScience.IfeelconfidentthatIwouldbeanidealadditiontotheteachingfacultyatthe DepartmentofPathologyandAnatomicalSciences,asyouwillobservethatmyexperiences, researchesandfutureplansarehighlycompatiblewithanumberofyourcurrentfacultymembers.

Moreover,IampresentlyenrolledinmastersinAnatomicalScienceprogram,whichfurther polishedmyteachingskillsbyincorporatingathesisproject,graduatecourse–work,ateaching practicum,anatomicalspecimenpreparationanddissectiontechniques.MycolleaguesandIare presentedwithanumberoffar–rangingopportunitiesfromlearninghowtouseanelectronshow morecontent...

Now,Ihavegainedcompetenciestomanageandeducatelearner'sbelongingtomultipleagegroups andcultures,frommultidisciplinaryprofessionalstoprimaryschool

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HumanAnatomyAndPhysiologyEssay

Mr.BrownsDilemma

MonaSweetwine–Rodriguez SC–121–HumanAnatomyandPhysiologyI

November24,2015

ProfessorCatherineRice

Mr.BrownsDilemma

GoodMorningMrBrown,mynameisMonaandIamaphysician'sassistantThankyoufor comingintomeetwithmetoday.TodayI'llbegoingoveryourrecentlabworkalongwiththe results.Thelasttimeyouwereintoseethedoctorheorderedtestingforyouthatisknownasalipid paneloracholesterolpanel.Alipidpanelisdonetomeasurefourmainthingswhichareyour cholesterol,triglycerides,HDL,andLDL

Iwillnowtellyoualittleaboutyourresultsandexplainwhatyourresultsmeanforyourhealth Youmayfeelfreetoaskanyquestionstogainclarificationofanythingthatyoumaynot understand.FirstIwilldiscussyourTriglyceridelevelresults,Iwanttoexplaintoyouexactlywhat triglyceridesarebeforegivingyouyourpersonalresult.Triglyceridesareatypeoffat(lipid)found inyourblood.Wheneveryoueatsomethingyourbodyautomaticallyturnsanycaloriesitfeelsis unnecessaryforyoutohaveintotriglycerides

Thetriglyceridesarethenstoredinyourfatcells,andlateronthehormonesinyourbodywillset freetriglyceridestobeusedasenergyforyouinbetweenyourmeals.Yourtriglyceridelevelresult is145mg/dlwhichisgoodAnormaltriglyceridelevelisconsideredtobeLessthan150milligrams perdeciliter(mg/dL).BothTriglyceridesandcholesterolareseparatetypes

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Myhandwassprintingacrossthepagewithcharcoalinpalm,andthefinishlineofmysketchwas insight.Theimageofamodel'sfacewasquicklyappearing,andtheproportionsofhereyes–to–noseandear–to–mouthwerejustright.ProportionsofthehumanfaceweresomethingIlearnedin artclass,whereasthedetailsinhereyesweresomethingIlearnedinanatomyclass.

IneverknewhowmuchIlovedscienceuntilmyloveforartdeveloped.Asachild,Igrewupina homewheremyparentsencouragedmetoflourishcreatively.WhilewelivedinEurope,Ithrived onnewadventuresastheytookmetomuseums,cathedrals,andcastlesthroughoutseveral countries.Thesculpturesandpaintingsofpeoplealwaysamazedme.Mysmallbraincould...show morecontent

Duringmytimethere,Ishadowedapediatricdoctor.WhileIwasaskinghimquestions,hewas calledintoanemergencysurgery,andIwasunfortunatelynotoldenoughtowatchaccordingtothe hospitalrestrictionsSoasIwaswaitingaround,aPAswoopedmeupandletmeshadowher instead.IwasembarrassedtoadmittoherthatIwasnotawareofaPA'sresponsibilitiestothe hospital.Throughouttherestoftheday,IfollowedthePAintopatientroomsandrecoveryrooms.I wasabletoobservehowthePAinteractedwithpatientswithsuchareassuringandcaringattitude thatIhadnotseenwiththepreviousphysicianIhadmet.Inotonlyrespectedhercompassionate personality,butIrelatedtoit

Mysenioryear,IdesiredtoseemoreofwhatlifewaslikeasaPA.Thankfully,Iwasfinallywithin theagerequirementtostandinonsurgeriesThatdayIsawthePAmakethefirstcutandsuturethe laststitch.Bothweremadewithsuchprecisionandperfection.Ithitme;thePAwasanartistjust likeRubens,Giorgione,andMichelangelo.Thesutureswerejustasbeautifulasthepaintingsinall themuseumsto

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Grey'sanatomyisatelevisionshowaboutagroupofsurgeonsandinternswhoworkatSeattle GraceHospital.Theseriesemphasizesonagroupofdoctorswhofighttosavetheirpatient'slives whilecontendingtobecometheheadsurgeon.Asidefromthecompetition,theygothroughalotof heartbreak;eitherrelationshipsproblemsorfamilycrisesthroughouteachoftheirlives.Theseries beganwithDrMeredithGrey(EllenPompeo)startinghercareerasamedicalinternwithother interns,whobecameherfriendsandroommateslateron.BeingonaireveryWednesdayforeleven years,theshowhasdrawnabeautifulfantasyworld,amonghospitallife;manypeople,including mebeinginspiredenoughtowanttojointhefieldEventhoughshowmorecontent Neitherofthemknewtheiridentitiesuntilshefoundhiminthehospitalelevatorwearinghisdark bluesurgeon'suniform,perhapshewasalsoassignedasabossofthegroupshewasin.Atfirst,it wasnothingmore,nothinglessthanjustaonenightstanduntiltheyfoundeachotherinthesame compoundagain;theDr.Christinahouseparty.However,watchinghismarveloussurgerytechnique thewholedayandseeinghishumblepersonality,Meredithbecamemadlyinlovewithhimorasshe statedstartedtolovehiminaveryscaryway,thentheycontinuedsleepingtogetheruntiltheyget caughtbysomeone;hiswife.EventhoughDr.SheppardseemsinterestedinMeredith,hewasalso "happily"marriedtoDr.AddisonwholivesinNewYorkatthattime.Sothatonenight,Meredith hadtoflytoChicagoforameetingandDerekwasescortinghertotheairport.Unfortunately,that night,hiswifewasalsodreamingabouthowhappyDerekwouldbewhenheseeherintheir bedroomwhileflyingallthewayfromNewYorktoSeattletosurprisehim.However,opposingto herdream,shefoundherhusbandgivingagoodbyekisstoanotherwomanattheairportgate.Dr. AddisoncouldnotbelievewhatshewaswatchinguntilDerekruntoherandhugherwhileMeredith wasleftwithaconfusedface.Atfirst,DerekapologizedandchosehiswifeoverMeredith. However,asdaysgoesby,hecouldnotresistMeredith's"choose

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Neuroanatomyisthestudyofstructureandfunctionrelationshipsinthebrainandnervoussystem.

Asthisencompassesastudyofbothmacroscopicandmicroscopicstructures,avarietyof histologicaltoolshavebeendevelopedtoenablethatendeavor

Microscopy

Microscopyisanimportanttechniqueforstudyingthestructureandfunctionofthenervoussystem. Thisisenabledthroughtheuseofhistologicalstaining,inwhichatissueofinterestispreservedand sectioned,andthenstainedusingoneofanarrayoftechniques

Histologicalstainingprovidescontrasttothetissuesothatdetailscanbedistinguished.Forexample, graymattercontainsneuroncellbodies,orsomata,thatcanbestainedtobecomevisibleundera microscope.Nisslstainsareusefulforgraymatter.Forwhitematterofthebrain,dyessuchasLuxol Fastshowmorecontent

Histochemistrystudiescanrevealthemolecularinteractionsofstructures,suchasneurotransmitter productionandactivity,metabolism,immunefunction,andotherinteractions.Histochemistrycan alsobeusedtorevealchemoarchitectureorchemicalneuroanatomy.

Immunocytochemistryisatypeofhistochemistrythatmakesuseofantibodiestovisualizecell types,axons,neuronstructures,glialprocesses,bloodvessels,ormolecularcomponentsofcellslike neurotransmittersandintranuclearproteins.Immunocytochemicalstudiescanalsobeusedfor genomicsstudiesofnervoussystemcellsCombiningthesetechniqueswithafluorescentstain allowsvisualizationofenzymebindingsitesandreactions.

Insituhybridizationisalsoanimportanthistochemicaltoolforneuroanatomystudies.Ituses syntheticribonucleicacid(RNA)probestovisualizecomplementarymessengerRNA(mRNA) transcriptsofgenesinthecellThiscanhelptorevealgenefunction

AnatomyandPhysiologyEssay

AnatomyandPhysiology

Thetermhomeostasisisusedtomeanmaintenanceofstaticorconstantconditionsintheinternal environmentintheorganism.Essentiallyalloftheorgansandtissuesofthebodyperformfunctions thathelptomaintaintheseconstantconditionsForinstance,thelungsprovideoxygentotheextra cellularfluidtoreplenishoxygenthatisbeingusedbythecells;thekidneysmaintainconstantion concentrationsandthegastrointestinalsystemprovidesnutrients.

Notallsubstancesabsorbedfromthegastrointestinaltractcanbeusedintheirabsorbedformbythe cells.Theliverchangesthechemicalcompositionsofmanyofthesesubstancestomoreuseable formsandshowmorecontent

Alargesegmentofthenervoussystemiscalledtheautonomicsystem.Itoperatesatasubconscious levelandcontrolsmanyfunctionsoftheinternalorgans,includinglevelofpumpingactivitybythe heart,movementsofthegastrointestinaltract,andglandularsecretion.Neuronsarecellsthatactlike tinybatterieswhichpowerelectricalcircuitswithinthebody.Theycantransmitimpulsesfromcell tocellforcommunication,control,andinterpretationofsensoryinput.

InatypicalneurondendritesrespondtostimulithroughinputtotheneuroncellbodyWhenthe stimulusislargeenoughthecellbodysendsaonewayelectrochemicalimpulsethroughtheaxonto thenextneuronortosomeeffectorsuchasamuscle.Themostimportantpartofaneuronisitscell membraneUsingactivetransportandspecialNa+/K+ionpumpsinthemembraneoftheaxona neuroncreatesarestingpotentialof–70millivolts.Thecellessentiallybecomesatinybatteryready foraction.Theactionistheactionpotential––awaveofelectro–chemicalactivitywhichsweeps downtheaxoninonedirection,changingitspolarity.Depolarizationleadstofurtherdepolarization asspecialelectricallysensitiveproteingatesswingopenallowingNa+ionstoenterthecellandK+ ionstoescape

OncedepolarizedtheNa+/K+pumpsquicklyre–polarizetheaxonby

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Biol1120

CardiovascularCaseStudy Name

A32–yearoldnursewhohasrheumaticfeverasachildnoticedapersistenttachycardiaandlight–headedness.Uponexamination,chestxraysshowedanenlargedleftatriumandleftventricle.ECG analysisshowedatrialfibrillation.Therewasalsomildpulmonarycongestion.Cardiacevaluation resultedinthefollowinginformation:

Cardiacoutput(CO)3.2L/min.SV=40mlsBloodpressure(BP)100/58mmHgLeftAtrialpressure (LAP)16mmHgRightventricularpressure(RVP)44/8mmHg

Heartsoundsrevealedvalvularregurgitation

1.Answerallquestionswithmaterialthatexplainsyouranswer.Yes/noanswersreceiveNOcredit. 2.Submitshowmorecontent

Thecauseofthelight–headednessisthedecreasedcardiacoutput.Hercardiooutputis3.2L/min. SV=40mlsThecauseofthemildpulmonarycongestionisincreasedpulmonarycapillarypressure AtrialfibrillationanddecreasedC/OandBPwouldcausedizziness.Iftheleakislarge,itresultsin anincreaseinthepressureintheatrium.Herleftatrialpressureis16mmHg.Hypertrophyofthe walloftheatriumcanoccurandtheatriummightdilateAbackpressureofbloodmaythencause congestionofbloodinthepulmonaryveins,whichbringbloodtotheleftatriumfromthelungs.

7.Siteyourreferences(1pts)

WebMD:MitralValveProlapse:

http://www.webmd.com/heart/mitral–valve–prolapse–symptoms–causes–and–treatment

AmericanHeartAssociation:tachycardia

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AnOverviewofAnatomy

Exercise1:AnatomicalPosition

QUESTION:

A.Explainwhyitisimportanttohaveauniversallyacceptedanatomicalpositionwhenstudyingthe structureofhumans

Havingauniversallyacceptedanatomicalpositionalisimportanttoavoidconfusion.Itcreatesa referencepointsothatnomatterlanguageorbackgroundofdifferentpeople,theycanstill communicateefficiently.

Exercise2:SurfaceAnatomy

A.ReviewFigure3.Completethetablebyplacingeachletterfromthefigurenexttoits correspondingbodylandmark.

BodyLandmark|Letter| Sural|K|

Popliteal||D

Tarsal|E|

Calcaneal|L|

Brachial|F|

Cranial|A|

Acromial|H|

Buccal||B

Axillary|C|

Olecrenal|I|

Occipital|G|showmorecontent

Removesundigestedwastefromthebody.|

6Urinary|Urinarybladder,kidney,ureter,urethra|Eliminatesnitrogenouswastesfromthebody Regulateswater,electrolyteandacid–basedbalanceoftheblood.|

7.Skeletal|Bones,cartilages,tendons,ligamentsandjoints|Protectsandsupportsbodyorgans,and providesaframeworkthemusclesusetocausemovementBloodcellsareformedwithinbones|

8.Cardiovascular|Heart,bloodvessels|Transportsoxygenandnutrientstothecellsandremoves carbondioxideandwastefromthecellsthroughblood.|

9.Nervous|Brain,spinalcord,nerves|Asthefastactingcontrolsystemofthebody,itrespondsto internalandexternalchangesbyactivatingappropriatemusclesandglands.|

10Integumentary|Epidermalanddermalregionsandcontainscutaneoussenseorgans|Formsthe

externalbodycovering,andprotectsdeepertissuesfrominjury.SynthesizesvitaminDandhouses cutaneousreceptorsandsweatandoilglands.|

11.Muscular|Skeletalmuscles|Contractsandshortenstoprovidemovement.Generatesheatforthe body|

QUESTION:

B.Describehowcells,tissues,organs,andorgansystemsarerelatedtoeachother.

Cellsarethebuildingblocksoflife.Groupsofcellsmakeuptissues.Groupsoftissuesmakeup organs.Groupsoforgansmakeuporgansysmtems.

A.Ajoggerstepsintoapotholeandsprainshisankle.Describealloftheorgansystemsthatwould beaffectedorinvolvedinthis

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BasicAnatomy:

1.Listthefivevertebralregionsfoundinthehumanspine.Foreachvertebralregion,identifyoneor twodistinguishingfeaturesofthattypeofvertebrae.

Thecervicalvertebralregionhas7bonesandisfoundintheneckregion.Thethoracicvertebral regionhas12bonesandisfoundinthechestregionThelumbarvertebralregionhas5bonesandis foundinthelowerback.Thesacral/sacrumvertebralregionhas5bonesandisacompositebone.

Thecoccyx(tailbone)vertebralregionhas4bonesandisacompositebone.

2.Discussnormalcurvatureintheadulthumanspine.Identifythephysicaladvantagetothehuman bodythesecurvesprovide.

ThenormalcurvatureintheadulthumanspineformasortofS–shapedcurvature.showmore content...

WhatisaHarringtonrod?Fromwhattypeofmaterialisitmade?

AHarringtonrod/implantisastainlesssteelsurgicaldevice.Therodisimplantedalongthespinal columntototreat,amongotherconditions,alateralorcoronal–planecurvatureofthespine,or scoliosis.Thetypeofmaterialthatitismadefromisastainlesssteel/rod.

2Whatmighthavecausedaninfectionatthesiteofsurgery?

Thebreakintheskinmighthavecausedaninfectionatthesiteofthesurgery.Thisinfectionthen leadtothepuscomingoutoftheswollensurgicalareaontheskin.

3.EachofthefollowingsymptomsfeltbyEllenoccurredbecauseofaveryspecificsetof physiologicaldefensemechanisms.DiscussthephysiologicalmechanismsofeachofEllen's symptoms.

a.Fever:Shehadaveryhighfever.

bLocalRedness/Heat:ThepainsweremorethanjustmusclespasmsItburned,felthotwherethe surgeryhadbeen,&whenshetookoffhercast,theskinaroundherlowerspinewasswollenand brightred.

cShootingPains:Shehadexperiencedshootingpainsupherback

d.LocalSwelling:Skinaroundherlowerspinewasswollen.

ePresenceOfPus:Pushaddrainedoutoftheswollen

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AnatomyReflection

Whatwentwrong

AswithotherPAfaculties,youmaybeawareofthegeneralcomplaintsmadebythefirstyearPA studentsabouttheAnatomycourse.Idoknowmyclassmateswereaffecteddifferent;however, theseweremyownpersonalchallengeswiththeAnatomycourse:

DisorganizationofcoursematerialoClassreadingassignmentsdidnotmatchLectureoLecture PowerPointswerenotprovideddespiterequestfromseveralstudents.Itwasusuallyprovideda coupleofdaysbeforethetestThisshortenedthetimetostudy,memorizeandfocusonthe necessaryanatomicalstructures.

Lackofguidanceonhowtostudytheinformationpresented –AsrecommendedduringthePAorientation,Ireadtheassignedreadingsformycourses;however, foranatomy,thisexercisequicklybecamefutileonlybecauseitdidnotcontributetohelpingto understandlecturesprovidedinclass.Withvoluminousreadingassignments,manytimes,the anatomylecturefocusedlittleornonefromtheinformationinthetextbook.Lecturesmostly presentedanatomicalstructuresandsofocusonimageswereparamount.Therefore,thereadingdid littletohelpunderstandlecturematerialifoneisnotfamiliarenoughwiththeanatomicalstructures. Whilethiswasthecase,thePowerPointswiththeanatomicalstructureswerenotprovided

Insufficient&consistentguidanceintheAnatomyCadaverlab

–Initiallytherewasnotutoringand/orreviewsessionsforthelabManyofuswereconfusedand

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Dental101:ToothTypesAndAnatomyDidyouknowthatnoothersubstanceinyourbodyis harderthanyourteeth?Theyareasmightyastheyaretiny–andmuchmorecomplexthanyouthink. Whiletheappearanceofyoursmiletypicallystealsthespotlight,inordertoefficientlycarryout essentialprocessessuchaschewingandspeech,carefulattentionmustbepaidtootheraspectsof yourteethFromformtofunction,findoutaboutkeyfeaturesofyourteeththatplayacriticalrole inyouroralhealth.ToothAnatomyStartingfromwellbelowthegumlineandup,eachandevery toothismadeupofthesebasicparts:RootServingasthe"anchor"ofthetooth,itisburieddeepinto thesocketsofthejawboneinordertokeepthetoothsecurelyinplaceEventhoughitisnotvisible tothenakedeye,the...showmorecontent...

Similartotheroot,itiscentrallylocated,butitcancauseindividualspainifexposedduetoacavity, crackorfracture.DentinTheporouslayerthatcoversthepulpandsitsbelowtheoutertooth enamel.Becauseofitsecretesamineralizedsubstance,andissoftandflexible,itprovidestooth enamelanaddedlayerofsupportandhelpspreventenamelfromfracturingIftheenamelis compromisedandthedentinisexposed,however,itcancausetoothsensitivity.EnamelThehard, whiteexteriorcoveringofthetooth.Comprisedofcalciumphosphate,itshardnessservestoprotect thesensitiveinnerpartsofthetooth,butitisstillvulnerabletowearandtear,injuryandtooth decay.Althoughdietandhygieneplayimportantrolesinkeepingyourteethingoodshape, crowding,biteand/oralignmentissuesduetogeneticscanalsohaveabigimpactontheconditionof yourteeth.TypesOfTeethAdultsnormallyhouseasetof32teeththatarebuilttoservedifferent purposes.Ingeneral,teethareclassifiedintooneoffourfunctional

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AnatomyAndPhysiologyPersonalStatement

Throughoutmyundergraduatestudies,IbecamefondoftheHealthSciencesfield.Myinterestsin thefieldcameaboutwhenIfirsttookanAnatomy/PhysiologycourseatNewMexicoState UniversityintheUnitedStates.Inthiscourse,Ilearnedaboutdifferentaspectsofthebodyandhow certaindiseases(infectiousandchronic)canimpactthebody.ItwasthenwhenIrealizedthatmany ofthediseasesbeingdiscussedinclasswerepreventableIhavealwaysfoundthemedical professionssuchasdoctorsandnursesetc.veryinteresting.Astimehaspassedby,myinterests haveshiftedmoretowardspreventionratherthanappliedmedicine.Throughmy Anatomy/Physiologycourseandlearningtheimportanceofprevention,Ithenbecameacademically

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AnatomyAndPhysiologyResearchPaper

AnatomyandPhysiologyisthestudyofthehumanbody.Anatomyisthestudyoftheinternaland externalstructureofbodyparts.Physiologyisthestudyofthefunctionofthosebodyparts.Inan anatomyandphysiologycourseyouwillexaminethebodypartsandthewaythatthesebodyparts functiontogethertokeepusalive.Thedefinitionofhomeostasisisthemeansorabilitytokeepthe bodystableinordertocompensateforenvironmentalchangesAreallygoodexampleof homeostasisisthebodykeepingtheaveragetemperatureof98.6degrees.Homeostasisisimportant becausecellsrelyonthebodytoliveandoperate.Homeostasiskeepsthebodyenvironmentunder controlandkeepstheenvironmentrightforcellstoliveandoperateWithoutshowmorecontent Therearepositivefeedbackmechanismsandnegativefeedbackmechanisms.Positivefeedbackisa closedsystemthatoccursinafeedbackloopandtheresponseofthesystemreliesonthefeedback systemtofunction.Agoodexampleofthiswouldbeabloodclot.Whenavesselisharmed, plateletsbegintosticktotheharmedsiteanddischargechemicalsthatpullinmoreplatelets.The plateletskeeponheapingupanddischargechemicalsuntilacoagulationisformedandyounow haveabloodclot.Negativefeedbackisaresponsethatcausesadeclineinitsfunction.Itisa reactiontosomekindofstimulus.Itusuallycausestheoutputofasystemtolessenwhichinturn tendstostabilizethesystem.Theskinprotectsunderlyingtissuesandorgans,excretessalts,water, andorganicwastes.Italsoregulatesyourbodytemperature.ThehairprotectsyourscalpfromUV rays,cushionsblowstothehead,andinsulatestheskullNailsprotectthesensitivetipsofyour fingersandyourtoes.Exocrineglandskeeptheskinoily,producesweat,andsecreteearwaxtokeep theearfromdryingout.Ensurethebody'sinnerlivingtissuesand

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TheAnatomyAndPhysiologyOfTheHumanBody

Thehumanbodyisaverycomplexorganismcomposedofmanysystems.Eachsysteminthehuman bodyhasaspecificfunction,andwithoutanyofthesesystemsworkingproperlylifecanbe challenging.Asaresult,itisimportanttoknowandunderstandtheanatomyandphysiologyofthe humanbody.Manychangesinthehumanbodycanhavepositiveornegativeeffectsontheoverall healthThelifestyleofapersonincludingdiet,age,gender,levelofactivityandmorecaninfluence someone'soverallhealth.Whensomethinginthebodyisnotworkingaspredictedthehumanbody willhaveaphysicalorphysiologicalresponse.Thesystemsofthebodyhavedifferentwaysof expressingthemselveswhentheyarenotinbalanceAsaconsequencemanychangescomeasa resultoftheaffectedsystemandtheresultcanbeseeninmanyways.Forexample:whensomeone noticesthatoneextremityofhisorherbodyisswollenordoesnotlookthesameasthecontralateral sidethereissomethingtoanalyze.Inthiscase,knowingthesymptomscanhelpwiththediagnosis andthepossibledifferenttreatments.Beforediagnosis,andpossibletreatmentsforaconditionitis importanttoknowthemechanismstobettertreattheproblem,inthiscaseLymphedemaFirst,itis importanttounderstandthemechanismsofLymphedema.Therearethreemajorwaysfromwhich fluidinthebodytravels:thecirculatorysystem,theinterstitialspacesbetweenthecellsandthe lymphaticsystem.Thecirculatory

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