TABLE OF CONTENTS 2Q 2012 Review Hydrotreating and Environmental Controls 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Hydrotreating .................................................................................................................................. 5 2.1
2.2
MARKET/TECHNOLOGY TRENDS & OPPORTUNITIES ............................................................................................. 5 2.1.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 5 2.1.2 Market Conditions and Outlook................................................................................................................ 5 2.1.2.1 Refined Products Legislation ...................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2.2 Refined Products Demand .......................................................................................................... 7 2.1.2.3 Increasing Middle Distillate Production ..................................................................................... 9 2.1.2.4 Hydrotreating Capacity Expansion ........................................................................................... 10 2.1.2.5 Construction Projects and Unit Revamps ................................................................................. 11 2.1.2.6 Shifting Crude Slate.................................................................................................................. 12 2.1.2.7 Heavy Crude Oil Upgrading ..................................................................................................... 15 2.1.2.8 Biofuel Production .................................................................................................................... 15 2.1.2.9 Hydrogen Demand .................................................................................................................... 16 2.1.2.10 Hydrotreating Catalysts Market ................................................................................................ 16 2.1.3 Technology Competition, Directions, and Future Prospects .................................................................. 17 2.1.3.1 Conventional Hydrotreating ..................................................................................................... 19 2.1.3.2 Resid Hydrotreating .................................................................................................................. 27 2.1.3.3 Renewable Feed Hydrotreating ................................................................................................ 28 2.1.4 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................. 30 STATE-OF-THE-ART TECHNOLOGY ..................................................................................................................... 31 2.2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 31 2.2.2 Commercial Catalysts and Guard Materials .......................................................................................... 32 2.2.2.1 Advanced Refining Technologies............................................................................................. 33 2.2.2.1.1 SmART .................................................................................................................... 33 2.2.2.1.2 ApART .................................................................................................................... 36 2.2.2.2 Albemarle ................................................................................................................................. 38 2.2.2.2.1 STARS Series .......................................................................................................... 39 2.2.2.2.2 NEBULA Series ...................................................................................................... 44 2.2.2.2.3 Combined Implementation ...................................................................................... 46 2.2.2.2.4 KF 901, KF 902, KF 905, KF 859........................................................................... 48 2.2.2.2.5 KF 200 ..................................................................................................................... 49 2.2.2.2.6 Guard Catalysts ....................................................................................................... 49 2.2.2.3 Axens ........................................................................................................................................ 50 2.2.2.3.1 HR 400 Series .......................................................................................................... 50 2.2.2.3.2 HR 500 Series .......................................................................................................... 51 2.2.2.3.3 HR 600 Series .......................................................................................................... 52 2.2.2.3.4 HR 900 Series .......................................................................................................... 53 2.2.2.3.5 AX 740 Hydrogenation Catalysts ............................................................................ 53 2.2.2.3.6 ACT Grading Materials ........................................................................................... 53 2.2.2.4 BASF ........................................................................................................................................ 54 2.2.2.5 Chevron Lummus Global ......................................................................................................... 55 2.2.2.6 Clariant ..................................................................................................................................... 55 2.2.2.7 Cosmo Oil ................................................................................................................................. 56
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