NUTRITION
Feeding assistance: Strategies for success By Dale Mayerson and Karen Thompson hen eating issues are identified and there is timely intervention, the effects on a resident’s quality of life can be profound. When a resident is assisted with eating and is able to maintain/improve nutrient intake, overall health and well-being will benefit.
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POSITIONING One of the most important steps in preparing to assist a resident at meal or snack time is assuring proper positioning, making it easier for the resident to eat as independently as possible. Resi-
dents require individual strategies for positioning, but this usually includes keeping the upper body securely in an upright position, with hips, knees and ankles bent as closely to a 90 degree angle as possible. The feet should be flat on the floor or on wheel chair supports, and the head should be held straight with the chin down slightly. There should be approximately 12 inches/30 cm from the mouth to the food. Poor positioning leads to a higher risk for choking or aspirating food or liquid into the lungs. There are many effective strategies that can improve a resident’s mealtime positioning. Some
16 Home and LongTerm Care News MARCH 2018
residents who tend to slide forward or to the side in a chair may be assisted with non-skid matting or wedge cushions, or simply by placing forearms on the table to maintain an upright posture. Pillows may be tucked at one side to help maintain a safe position. Special consideration needs to be given when positioning bedridden residents to eat. Positioning at mealtime is important for all residents and needs to be monitored by everyone on the care team. Regulations in the Ontario Long Term Care Homes Act support staff by mandating that no person assist
more than two residents who need total assistance with eating or drinking at one time. This allows each resident adequate time for swallowing and to prepare for the next mouthful of food. Caregiver positioning is also important. In most instances, the caregiver needs to be seated at the same height as the resident so eye contact can be made without excessive twisting or turning. Height adjustable swivel chairs designed for assistance with eating are helpful and should be readily available in the dining rooms. Consider using stools with back supports for the safety of the staff. www.longtermcarenews.ca