Art Neighborhood by hopelutsko

art neighborhood

florida agricultural and mechanical university | professor ana orosco | ARC 6259 | hope lutsko | fall 2023

table of contents

city narrative

p. 4

the highline

p. 6

art

p. 8

site selection

p. 16

site choice

p. 18

zoning and code requirements

p. 20

public transportation

p. 22

shade

p. 24

residents

p. 25

program narrative

p. 30

program case studies

p. 32

program problem

p. 40

user analysis

p. 41

program outline

p. 42

cost estimate

p. 44

adjacency

p. 45

program concept diagram

p. 46

program specific criteria

p. 47

bibliography

p. 54 3

city narrative

L in

Tu n

ntr

Hu d s o n R

iver

t le

I sl

-M

Tu n

East Rive

L it

Pier 40

The High Line Chelsea boundary 6

500

1000

2000’

Fig 1. NYC

The High Line The High Line, a remarkable urban park nestled in the heart of New York City, is a incredible example of reuse, urban revitalization and creative landscape architecture. Spanning approximately one and a half miles along the west side of Manhattan, this raised park was converted from an abandoned railway track, transforming an industrial relic into a green paradise hovering over the city. The High Line travels through the Chelsea neighborhood and the Meatpacking District, offering breathtaking views of the city skyline and the Hudson River. The park displays a unique blend of meticulously landscaped gardens, public art installations, and architectural innovation. Visitors can stroll along its meandering paths, traveling to various destinations, or simply enjoying their time. It is a safe and pleasant method of pedestrian travel. The park's design honors the railway's heritage, incorporating elements of its industrial past such as railway tracks and vintage signs. This blend of history and contemporary design creates a harmonious and distinctive atmosphere.¹

Fig 2. NYC High Line in context

The High Line

Art supply store

Art studio

Art gallery

Art museum

Art school

500

1000

2000’

Fig 3. Art around the High Line

Art New York City is well known for having an impressive amount of culture. Theatre, film, art, and music have made it a center for artists of all forms. The locations in Chelsea related to art are concentrated primarily on one strip between 9th and 10th avenue. Although Chelsea is just one neighborhood, it houses an impressive amount of locations to view artwork. This includes a few museums, and hundreds of galleries. The streets are lined with places to view artwork. There is also the School of Visual Arts, as well as a few studios, for artists to create and connect.

The High Line is surrounded by art. The High Line itself is a work of art, seemlessly combining the original tracks with the new path and gardens. But it also incorporates artwork, creating an even greater experience. Artists have been commissioned to display their work. It serves as a hub for cultural events and community engagement. It hosts art installations, educational programs, and public performances, fostering a sense of togetherness and creativity among both residents and tourists. Along the Line, a number of sculpted, painted, and interactive art can be studied.²

schools

galleries studios stores

museums

Art establishments ratio diagram

Public art

The High Line Art on the High Line Mural Permanent art Temporary art³ 0

500

1000

2000’

Fig 4. Public art

Chelsea’s art scene engages the public in many ways. It has been home to many art galleries that not only offer free admission to the public, but also engage in various activities and programs that aim to foster dialogue, education, and community involvement in the arts. The street art is an effective way to engage people as well. Chelsea brings art out of the gallery and makes it part of its inhabitants’ daily lives.⁴

Engaging art section

Timeline 2000

2005

2010

2015

2020

Timeline Diagram

Artists flocked to

The first piece

Whitney Museum

Chelsea for low-

of the High Line

relocated to its

rent spaces⁶

opened⁸

current site⁹

David Zwirner Gallery relocated to Chelsea⁷ Up to the late 1900’s, Chelsea was a largely industrial neighborhood.

Chelsea’s status as an art center is relatively new. About thirty years ago, in the mid 1900’s, Soho raised its prices for rented real estate. This

This made it affordable for

caused many art institutions to relocate to

lower income individuals⁵

Chelsea for its more affordable spaces.⁶

Experience of art The experience of art is different based on location. The galleries create a separate enclosed space dedicated to the artwork. On the other hand, the public art viewed from the High Line creates an experience with the large open environment.

Experience of art section

notes

“Design.” The High Line. Accessed October 22, 2023. https://www.thehighline.org/design/.

“Art.” The High Line. Accessed October 22, 2023. https://www.thehighline.org/art/.

“NYC Public Art Map and Guide.” NYC Parks. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.nycgovparks.org/art-map.

“Installations, Activations, and Interactions.” David Zwirner. Accessed October 22, 2023. https://www.davidzwirner.com/ chapter/installations-activations-and-interactions.

“History.” Chelsea. Accessed October 22, 2023. https://eportfolios.macaulay.cuny.edu/ocejospring14chelsea/history/.

Milliner, Matthew. “Seven Years in Chelsea From Barricades to Beauty in New York’s Gallery Scene.” Image, no. 74 (n.d.). https://imagejournal.org/article/seven-years-chelsea-barricades-beauty-new-yorks-gallery-scene/.

“About.” David Zwirner. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.davidzwirner.com/about.

“History.” The High Line. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.thehighline.org/history/.

“History of the Whitney.” Whitney Museum of American Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://whitney.org/About/History.

images

Pfrommer, Sven. NEW YORK COLOR XXXIII. Photograph. Wescover, https://www.wescover.com/p/new-york-color-xxxiiiby-sven-pfrommer--PBJL4rCZzc?rsrc=explore.

cover image

Google Maps. “Program.” October 22, 2023. Edited by Hope Lutsko. Snazzy Maps. https://snazzymaps.com/style/514944/ program.

1,3,4

Baan, Iwan. Photograph. The High Line. https://www.thehighline.org/photos/by-photographer/iwan-baan/.

site selection

iver Hu d s o n R

R iver P ar

L in

Hudson

L it

t le

I sl

Selected site

100

250

500’

Fig 1. Selected site

Site Choice This site is on the corner of 10th Avenue and W 20th Street. It is currently occupied by a parking garage. Unlike most garages in NYC, it is not concealed in a building so it stands out and is unattractive. It is directly on the High Line with beautiful surrounding buildings and great views, including the Empire State

Av e

St th

Building. Using this space for the new program will transform the site to fit its surroundings.

This site is about 90’ x 150’ and 13,500 sq ft. It is a unique space because it is on the street corner, and also crosses to the other side of the High Line.¹ Fig 2. Selected site aerial

Fig 3. Selected site in context

Hig hL ine

Selected site Zoning district 20

100’

Fig 4. Zoning

Zoning and Code Requirements This site sits on three lots: 33, 35, and 37. They are all in the zoning district C6-2.² The Floor Area Ratio of this district is 6.0, and it “allow(s) towers to penetrate a sky exposure plane and do(es) not require a contextual base”.³

Additionally, these lots fall in the special purpose district labeled West Chelsea. This "district contains regulations to facilitate enjoyment of the High Line including a floor area transfer mechanism to preserve light, air and views as well as floor area bonuses related to access and open space development".⁴ Being directly on the High Line requires that additional code be considered. They addressed in detail whether a building can be placed beside, beneath, and above the Line.⁵

iver Hu d s o n R

R iver P ar

5 min walk

L in

Hudson

L it

t le

I sl

Selected site

Bus stops and routes

Subway route

Citi Bike station

100

250

500’

Fig 5. Public transportation around site diagram

Public Transportation The site is in a central location with a significant amout of public transportation within a short distance. There is a subway stop about a 10 minutes walk away, and multiple bus stops and bicycle rentals within seconds. This ensures easy pedestrian travel to the site.

The streets with bus routes have a higher density Fig 6. Subway

of vehicular traffic. One side of the site is on a fourlane road (10th Avenue) and the other is a two-lane road (W 20th Street). This means pedestrians will be safer traveling West to East on W 20th Street. Fortunately, being on this site, the High Line offers a safer substitute for North to South travel instead of 10th Avenue. This means pedestrian access to the site would be more successful on W 20th Street.¹

Fig 7. Bus

Fig 8. Citi bike

Shade The site is in a dense area with some tall

January 1st

June 1st

buildings. In the winter, these block the sun from the site almost completely throughout the entire day. During the summer, the higher sun allows morning and early afternoon. The building directly beside this site is on

10:00 AM

the site to get significant sun throughout the

the south side and will block most of the

4:00 PM

2:00 PM

12:00 PM

harsh rays in midday.¹, ⁶

Shading throughout the day

Residents There is a wide range of age groups that reside in Chelsea. While a significant more are in there 20-50s, there are a substantial amount above and below this age range. Therefore, the program would be most successful if it targets all ranges, from children to adults.This will require consideration in the program spaces.⁷

Age

9 8

6 5 4 3 2

80-90

70-80

60-70

50-60

40-50

30-40

20-30

15-20

10-15

5-10

0-5

Residents in hundreds

Chelsea resident ages

notes

Google Earth. Accessed November 21, 2023. https://earth.google.com/web/@40.74583409,-74.00595159,11.07878378a,2 61.13480375d,35y,-106.73689672h,56.46820818t,0.00000002r/data=OgMKATA.

“New York City’s Zoning & Land Use Map.” ZoLa. Accessed November 9, 2023. https://zola.planning.nyc. gov/#18.68/40.745805/-74.0058144.

“Commercial Districts: C6.” NYC Planning. Accessed November 9, 2023. https://www.nyc.gov/site/planning/zoning/districts-tools/c6.page.

“Special Purpose Districts: Manhattan.” NYC Planning. Accessed November 9, 2023. https://www.nyc.gov/site/planning/ zoning/districts-tools/special-purpose-districts-manhattan.page#WCh.

“Chapter 8: Special West Chelsea District (WCh).” Zoning Resolution, June 23, 2005. https://zr.planning.nyc.gov/article-ix/chapter-8#98-41.

Revit. Adobe.

“Chelsea Neighborhood in New York, New York (NY), 10001, 10011 Detailed Profile.” City-data. Accessed October 23, 2023. http://www.city-data.com/neighborhood/Chelsea-New-York-NY.html.

images

Google Maps. “Program.” October 22, 2023. Edited by Hope Lutsko. Snazzy Maps. https://snazzymaps.com/style/514944/ program.

1,5

Google Earth. Accessed November 21, 2023. https://earth.google.com/web/@40.74583409,-74.00595159,11.07878378a,2 61.13480375d,35y,-106.73689672h,56.46820818t,0.00000002r/data=OgMKATA.

Gonzalez, Carlos. Edison ParkFast. Photograph. Google Maps, https://maps.app.goo.gl/rKYvA4M2FS6qC6ph9.

New York City’s Zoning & Land Use Map. ZoLa. https://zola.planning.nyc.gov/#18.68/40.745805/-74.0058144.

wdstock. Image 91486. 2008. Photograph. nycsubway, https://www.nycsubway.org/perl/show?91486.

P., Paul. NYC Bus. 2020. Photograph. iStock, https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/nyc-bus-gm1278884931-377672528.

Yang, Steven. Photograph. New York Post, https://nypost.com/2015/10/27/citi-bike-might-have-to-let-city-know-if-itsmaking-any-money/.

program narrative

4,000 sq ft

6,750 sq ft

Studios

40’

Fig 1. Program spaces

Office Courtyard

The studio portion of this design consists of 6,750 sq ft divided into four main spaces. There are two studios, one for photography and one for art, and two meeting work spaces.¹

Program Case Studies 77 Washington Worrell Yeung Architecture Brooklyn, NY

This project is an adaptive reuse into a multi-use office space, art, and photography studio. The entire design is 31,500 sq ft. This structure combines a six-story tower (100’ x 40’) and single-story into one design. Fig 2. Glass block clerestory

The first level is approximately 10,750 sq ft, and each acending 4,000 sq ft.

The architect paid close attention to the lighting for this structure, ensuring sufficient natural lighting for the program spaces. It protects from the harsh south sun by placing the core spaces and minimizing the windows on that side. Large windows on both program pieces draw in sun. The studio spaces have large window fronts in order to provide artists with proper lighting. They also “created a large glass block clerestory to bring in natural, diffuse light that also glows like a lantern in the evening and activates the corner.”¹

Studios Office Courtyard

Fig 3. Program spaces

40’

The center has various events for the different arts. They have studios aimed towards each age group, including children, teenagers, and adults. This is a center for learning, observing art, and engaging with the community.², ³

Program spaces

7 6 5 4 3 2

Terrace

Gift shop

Creative lounge

Cafe

Lobby

Receiving

Art storage

Studio

Gallery

Dance studio

Theater

Program spaces

Square footage in thousands

Oklahoma Contemporary Arts Center Rand Elliott Architects Oklahoma City, OK

This project is a community center for the arts. It holds exibits, a theater, dance studio, and classrooms. The entire design is 53,916 sq ft. Fig 4. Fins

This structure is a four-story design that brings the arts together. The first two levels are approximately 20,000 sq ft, and the second two are about 15,600 sq ft.

The architect paid extra attention to the lighting for this structure, working on creating soft light for the interior spaces. He used a facade of aluminum fins to acheive this. “The textural variation and folding facade capture, reflect and hold light with colors ranging from gold to blue. The fourth-floor sunscreen on the upper right controls the southwest sun.”², ³

Fig 5. Sunscreen

Support spaces that do not require natural lighting were placed in the center of the building, with circulation wrapping around. The various studios line the exterior of the building, allowing for daylighting in the art spaces.⁴

Fig 6. Level 1

Common space Studios Circulation

Fig 7. Level 2

80’

Fine Arts + Design Studios BNIM Overland Park, KS

This project is an art studio building for a community college. It is a total of 41,650 sq ft on two floors. This "include(s) classrooms and studio space, material storage, multiuse common spaces, as well as display and collaboration spaces throughout building corridors". This building provides flexible spaces for eight different art techniques, including sculpture, painting, and photography.

This building provides significant daylighting. The first floor glazing is shaded by the second floor overhang. The majority of the glazing on the second floor is on the north and south facades. A louver overhang shades the harsh south sun. Meanwhile, the north glazing has a unique feature. A screen wall was designed to project the light off of it and into the building.⁴ Fig 8. North facade

Fig 9. South facade

Public space Cafe Multi-media / admin / etc

Public space / gallery Theatre Garden Fig 10. Level 1

Fig 11. Level 2

Kids education

Library

40’

Garden 38

Fig 12. Level 3

Fig 13. Level 4

The You Art Centre Atelier Global Changde, China

This art center is a welcoming community space with about 40,900 sq ft. There is a gallery space, theater, library, children's section, cafe, and garden terraces. The various stepped levels create a large central common space that connects everything together. Fig 14. Garden terrace

This central atrium space is flooded by natural light. There is a large amount of window glazing and a skylight. This skylight is shielded from the south sun with fins. A large portion of the building is shaded with a second screen facade. It shades the glazing for the interior spaces, and also the exterior garden. ⁵

Circulation 0

Fig 15. Section

40’

Program Problem Chelsea NYC is an art district. However, most of the art locations are for viewing art. For example, there are hundreds of galleries in this neighborhood.⁶ There is a shortage of centers for people to visit and create their own art. An art center that provides space and resources for various techniques would fill this gap. A center that targets all age groups from kids to adults would be most effective for this neighborhood.

500

1000

2000’

The High Line

Art supply store

Art studio

Art gallery

Art museum

Art school Fig 16. Art around the High Line

User Analysis This multi-purpose art studio will have many strategies to accomodate all people. Firstly, it will appeal to people of all ages. In addition to regular spaces aimed at adults, there will be those specifically designated for children. Second, all skill levels of artists will find a place to create art. They will have the option to come simply to create art freely. Novice to experienced artists can practice all techniques of art as long or often as they like. Also, it will hold regular and one-time classes for those who wish to further their skills. Thirdly, some night hours will be provided for those with busy schedules that do not have the time during the day. Finally, these strategies will be very beneficial to both tourists and residents. While all options Fig 17. Art and audience

work for residents depending on their preferences, these one-time classes will be very beneficial to tourists. They can learn and create art even during short visits. 41

Support 5500 Outdoor space 2500 Gallery space 3000 Common space 21060

Studio / art space 21500

Program spaces

Program Outline Multi-Purpose Art Studio This multi-purpose art studio will be a center for people to practice various art techniques. It will provide multiple studio spaces for class or individual work, galleries to display artists' created works, and resources for learning and creating art. There will also be spaces that double for experience and art creation, such as creative art spaces for photographing and green spaces for painting.

Spaces

Square Footage

Common Space

Fig 18. Art space

Lobby / entry hall

2000

Supply store

1500

Library

2500

Cafe

800

Art spaces

3000

Gallery space

5000

Common / event space

2500

Outdoor space

1250

Studio Wet studios

3000

Dry studios

3000

Sculpture studios

3000

Photography studios

3000

Dark rooms

1500

Children studios

3000

Support

Fig 19. Green space

Supply storage

3000

Art storage

1500

Employee / office space

1750

Restrooms

2000

Above total

43300

Circulation (20%)

8660

Total

51960 43

Cost Estimate The methodology for the cost estimate is a case study. The study is the Oklahoma Contemporary Arts Center, which also has various arts and common spaces.⁷

Case study cost per square foot: $481⁷ A. Building Costs ($ per sq ft)

$ 26,724,360

B. Fixed Equipment (rule of thumb: 8% of A)

2,137,949

C. Site Development (rule of thumb: 15% of A)

4,008,654

Deconstruction of parking steel framing $

+/- 8,500 ⁸

E. Movable Equipment (8% of total construction)

2,629,677

F. Professional fees (10% of total construction)

3,287,096

G. Contingencies (10% of total construction)

3,287,096

H. Administrative costs (1% of total construction)

328,710

Total Construction (A+B+C)

$ 32,870,963

Total Budget required (A through H)

$ 42,403,542

D. Acquisition/Demolition

The deconstructed steel framing will be reused in the building as a material for the studios.

Adjacency This adjacency is a preliminary idea of the program spaces' relation to each other.

Lobby

Primary Adjacency

Supply store

Secondary Adjacency

Library

Undesired Adjacency

Cafe Art spaces Gallery space Common / event space Outdoor space Wet studios Dry studios Sculpture studios Photography studios Dark rooms Children studios Supply storage Lobby Lobby Art storage Supply Supply store store Employee / office space Library Library Adjacency

Primary Adjacency Primary Primary Adjacency Adjacency

Secondary Adjacency Secondary Adjacency Secondary Adjacency Undesired Adjacency Undesired Adjacency Undesired Adjacency

Cafe Cafe Art Art spaces spaces Gallery Gallery space space

Program Concept Diagram This program concept is a preliminary idea of the spaces' locations in relation to elevation and each other.

Outdoor space

Gallery space Outdoor space Gallery space Studio / art space Support

Art spaces Dark rooms

Common space Photography studios

Dry studios

Wet studios

Sculpture studios

Children studios

Supply storage Art storage Employee / office space Common / event space Supply store Library Cafe Lobby / entry hall 46

Program concept

Program Specific Criteria Lighting This program requires the careful consideration of lighting. The project requires proper lighting for all of the art spaces. This includes day and artificial lighting.

Views This program requires consideration of views. There are multiple elements in view of this site that should be given clear sightlines. Firstly, the High Line directly on the site. Other features include the Hudson River to the west, and the incredible skyline to the east, which includes the Empire State Building.⁹

Style This project requires consideration of the architectural style. The style should respond to the existing surrounding buildings.

notes

Pintos, Paula. “77 Washington Workspace / Worrell Yeung Architecture.” ArchDaily, April 10, 2023. https://www.archdaily. com/945987/77-washington-workspace-worrell-yeung-architecture.

“Oklahoma Contemporary Arts Center.” Rand Elliott Architects. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://randelliottarchitects. com/oklahoma-contemporary-arts-center/.

“New Home.” Oklahoma Contemporary. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://oklahomacontemporary.org/discover/ new-center.

“Fine Arts + Design Studios.” BNIM. Accessed November 29, 2023. https://www.bnim.com/project/fine-arts-design-studios.

“The You Art Centre / Atelier Global.” ArchDaily, August 17, 2018. https://www.archdaily.com/900053/the-you-art-centreatelier-global.

“Chelsea Gallery Guide Galleries & Art Organizations.” Art-Collecting. Accessed November 19, 2023. https://art-collecting. com/galleries_ny_chelsea.htm.

“Oklahoma Contemporary Arts Center.” Wallace Design Collective. Accessed November 28, 2023. https://wallace.design/inspire/oklahoma-contemporary-arts-center/#:~:text=construction,cost%20%2426%2C000%2C000.

“Demolition Cost Calculator.” Building Journal. Accessed December 10, 2023. https://www.buildingjournal.com/commercial-construction-estimating-demolition.html.

Google Earth. Accessed November 21, 2023. https://earth.google.com/web/@40.74583409,-74.00595159,11.07878378a,2 61.13480375d,35y,-106.73689672h,56.46820818t,0.00000002r/data=OgMKATA.

images

Floor plan - furniture. Digital Image. ArchDaily, https://www.archdaily.com/945987/77-washington-workspace-worrellyeung-architecture/5f3c4a84b357655992000071-77-washington-workspace-worrell-yeung-architecture-floor-plan-furniture.

Kubota, Naho. Photograph. ArchDaily, https://www.archdaily.com/945987/77-washington-workspace-worrell-yeung-architecture/5f3c45a3b35765599200004e-77-washington-workspace-worrell-yeung-architecture-photo?next_project=no.

Elevation. Digital Image. ArchDaily, https://www.archdaily.com/945987/77-washington-workspace-worrell-yeung-architecture/5f3c4a84b357655992000071-77-washington-workspace-worrell-yeung-architecture-floor-plan-furniture.

“Oklahoma Contemporary Arts Center.” Rand Elliott Architects. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://randelliottarchitects. com/oklahoma-contemporary-arts-center/.

4,5

BNIM. Digital Image. In Visual and Performing Arts, 52–53, n.d. https://www.bnim.com/library/visual-and-performing-arts.

6,7

Merrick, Nick. Photograph. ArchDaily, https://www.archdaily.com/923630/fine-arts-and-design-studios-bnim.

8,9

L1 Plan. Digital Image. ArchDaily, https://www.archdaily.com/900053/the-you-art-centre-atelier-global.

Continued...

L2 Plan. Digital Image. ArchDaily, https://www.archdaily.com/900053/the-you-art-centre-atelier-global.

L3 Plan. Digital Image. ArchDaily, https://www.archdaily.com/900053/the-you-art-centre-atelier-global.

L4 Plan. Digital Image. ArchDaily, https://www.archdaily.com/900053/the-you-art-centre-atelier-global.

Tan, Ice. Meditation Sky Garden. Photograph. ArchDaily, https://www.archdaily.com/900053/the-you-art-centre-atelierglobal.

Analytical Diagrams. Digital Image. ArchDaily, https://www.archdaily.com/900053/the-you-art-centre-atelier-global.

Google Maps. “Program.” October 22, 2023. Edited by Hope Lutsko. Snazzy Maps. https://snazzymaps.com/style/514944/ program.

"simple one color dark red diagram of people creating art" image generated by Canva's Magic Media, December 12, 2023.

Drum, Natalie. 2020. Photograph. The Hawk Newspaper, https://www.sjuhawknews.com/new-interactive-art-space-aims-for-fully-immersive-experience/.

Photograph. Architecture Art Designs, https://www.architectureartdesigns.com/how-to-create-the-inner-city-terracegarden-into-your-private-oasis/.

bibliography

“77 Washington Workspace / Worrell Yeung Architecture.” ArchDaily, April 10, 2023. https://www.archdaily. com/945987/77-washington-workspace-worrell-yeung-architecture.

“About.” David Zwirner. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.davidzwirner.com/about.

Analytical Diagrams. Digital Image. ArchDaily, https://www.archdaily.com/900053/the-you-art-centre-atelier-global.

“Art.” The High Line. Accessed October 22, 2023. https://www.thehighline.org/art/.

Baan, Iwan. Photograph. The High Line. https://www.thehighline.org/photos/by-photographer/iwan-baan/.

BNIM. Digital Image. In Visual and Performing Arts, 52–53, n.d. https://www.bnim.com/library/visual-and-performing-arts.

CAD Image. Cadmapper. https://cadmapper.com/pro/extracts/104a247c-2191-486c-aad9-b67c336cb6dd/copy.

“Chapter 8: Special West Chelsea District (WCh).” Zoning Resolution, June 23, 2005. https://zr.planning.nyc.gov/article-ix/chapter-8#98-41.

“Chelsea Gallery Guide Galleries & Art Organizations.” Art-Collecting. Accessed November 19, 2023. https://art-collecting. com/galleries_ny_chelsea.htm.

“Chelsea Neighborhood in New York, New York (NY), 10001, 10011 Detailed Profile.” City-data. Accessed October 23, 2023. http://www.city-data.com/neighborhood/Chelsea-New-York-NY.html.

“Commercial Districts: C6.” NYC Planning. Accessed November 9, 2023. https://www.nyc.gov/site/planning/zoning/districts-tools/c6.page.

“Demolition Cost Calculator.” Building Journal. Accessed December 10, 2023. https://www.buildingjournal.com/commercial-construction-estimating-demolition.html.

12 13

“Design.” The High Line. Accessed October 22, 2023. https://www.thehighline.org/design/. Drum, Natalie. 2020. Photograph. The Hawk Newspaper, https://www.sjuhawknews.com/new-interactive-art-space-aims-for-fully-immersive-experience/.