Enero 2016
Answered! How many licks does it takes to get to the center of a Tootsie Roll Pop p. 4
6 of the Most Mysterious Places on Earth
p.5
Simple expirement:
Your OWN galaxy in a bottle with house products. p. 3
LED throwies. Create an awesome, colorful work of art. p. 3
Scientist spot a black hole in our backyard. p. 7
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HA Creations is responsible for the design of this magazine. It’s also known for other designs such as Image Editing, Digital Illustrations, Photography, and other aspects there are to know as a Graphic Designer.
This magazine talks about the amazing things science has to show us, from ages of 12-21. There’s a section with tutorials for small experiments called “Simple Experiment” teach-ing how far you can go with simple house hold stuff. The magazine makes sure to have all of the interesting facts right to uncover the truth of everything. There’s also some articles that talk about a lot of more stuff happening inside and outside of our world and Planet (small things and complicated things, like the universe). Hector D. Andújar Hernández
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Contents Galaxy in a Bottle (mini-Tutorial) .................... page 3 LED Throwies Tutorial .................................... page 3 Tootsie Roll Pop Center answered ................. page 4 6 Most Mysterious Places ................................ page 5 4 Lies They told You in Kindergarden ........... page 6 Black Hole Spotted in our Backyard .............. page 7
Sections • Simple Experiment • Answered! • Did you know? • The Universe Talks
Simple Experiment
Galaxy in a Bottle
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tart emptying a water bottle and stick a couple of cotton balls in. Use a pencil to poke them flat. Shake a generous amount of glitter on top. You will need a cup for each color. Fill half with water and put about 3-4 squirts of paint in each. Mix until the color appears. Pour it on top of the cotton balls. Continue this process layer by layer with different colors! Kids can experiment what happens when you use more or less cotton balls on each layer. Finish the bottle by gluing the lid on so kids can’t open them! These are great for working as calm down bottles, too!
http://www.craftymorning.com/how-to-make-galaxy-jarsbottles-kids-activity/
LED Throwies
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ight-emitting diodes that stick to metal. Throw them and create colorful works of art.
Graffiti Research Lab first introduced us to the awesome throwie idea, and we loved it. Ever since, we’ve been playing around with the idea of using light-emitting diodes (LED) and throwies as a great hands-on method to teaching science. You can do it, too, and we’ll show you how.
Experiment 1. Place the battery between the two “legs” of the LED. If the LED does not light up, flip the better and try again. 2. Cut a small piece of tape and use the tape to secure the LED to the battery. 3. Place a strong magnet on top of the battery. 4. Place a second piece of tape over the magnet. 5. Place the throwie of a paint can lid or other metal object.
Answered! Center of a Tootsie Roll Pop: How Many Licks Does It Take? The Licking Machine and Other Scientific Endeavors
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t least three detailed scientific studies have attempted to determine the number of licks required to reach the Tootsie Roll center of a Tootsie Pop.
Purdue University A group of engineering students from Purdue University reported that its licking machine, modeled after a human tongue, took an average of 364 licks to get to the center of a Tootsie Pop. Twenty of the group’s volunteers assumed the licking challenge-unassisted by machinery-and averaged 252 licks each to the center.
University of Michigan Not to be outdone by a Big Ten rival, a chemical engineering doctorate student from the University of Michigan recorded that his customized licking machine required 411 licks to reach the Tootsie Roll center of a Tootsie Pop. (411-364. Go Blue!)
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Swarthmore Junior High School Rejecting the notion that one needed active college status to undertake the Tootsie Pop licking challenge, a group of junior high students at Swathmore School used human lickers, reporting an average of 144 licks to reach the center of a Tootsie Pop. Based on the wide range of results from these scientific studies, it is clear that the world may never know how many licks it really takes to get to the Tootsie Roll center of a Tootsie Pop.
6 Eye of the Sahara, Egipt
Most Mysterious Places On Earth
The Richat Structure is also known as the Eye of the Sahara. It’s a distinct and prominent circular geographical feature in the Sahara Desert. At roughly 30 miles wide, you probably wouldn’t notice that you were within it, but from an aerial view – and even from space – it is highly visible. Originally, it was thought to be the product of an asteroid impact and later people thought it could have been created by a volcanic eruption. The main school, of thought today says that it was once a circular rock formation that has gradually been eroded. Several mysteries still surround the areas, such as why the structure is nearly a perfect circle and why the rings are equidistant from each other.
McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antartica The McMurdo Dry Valleys could be the most secret place on Earth. This little-known area is one of the most extreme deserts and perhaps the driest place in the world – receiving just 4 inches of precipitation each year – but strangely it’s located slap bang in the middle of the usual ice and snow of Antarctica. Rather than being covered in snow, this bleak and barren landscape is completely bare. The area even lacks any terrestrial vegetation, although some lichens, mosses and nematodes live there. Scientists have said that the Dry Valley area is probably the place on this planet that is most similar to the environment on Mars.
Did You Know? Caño Cristales, Colombia Caño Cristales is a river located in the Serrenia de la Macerana region of Columbia. This isn’t just any river, it has been referred to as and “The Most Beautiful River in the World.” For much of the year it looks just the same as any other river, but for a short amount of time between September and November – in the transition period between wet and dry seasons – it transforms into a wash of color. The reds, pinks, blues, greens and yellows that adorn the river are actually unique types of flora growing on the riverbed.
Fly Geyser, Nevada Mount Roraima, Brazil Mount Roraima is particularly unusual to look at because, rather than finishing in a peak like most mountains, its top is a large plateau. It’s thought to be amongst the world’s oldest geological formations, and its plateau was most likely created by winds and rains. The plateau is often cloaked with clouds, which are more often than not near the top of the mountain. It has a particularly large number of endemic species of flora and fauna – species that can can be found nowhere else on Earth. There’s no explanation as to why it has such an unusually large amount.
Bermuda Triangle, Bermuda, Atlantic Ocean What would a list of mysterious places be without a mention of the Bermuda Triangle? For anyone who doesn’t know, it’s a triangular area in the Atlantic ocean, between Miami, Bermuda and San Juan. Over the years, the area has captured our imaginations, with reports of seemingly unexplainable disappearances of planes, ships and people. No one can say for sure what happened in these cases, but theories are as far ranging as sea monsters, alien abduction and simple weather conditions.
Fly Geyser, located in the Nevada Desert, is a collection of three large, colorful mounds which continually shoot five feet of water straight up into the air. It was accidentally created in 1916, during a routine well-drilling. It worked normally until the 1960s, when heated geothermal water started spurting out through the well. Dissolved minerals began to accumulate and gradually built up into the large, colored mounds we see today. Fly Geyser is amongst the most secret places on Earth, as it’s located on private property and no tourists or sightseers are allowed in.
http://www.conservationinstitute. org/10-of-the-most-mysteriousplaces-on-earth/
Did You Know?
4 Lies the told you in Kindergarden
Watching television close to the screen and reading in dim light will damage your eyes. Despite your parents’ constant insistence that you back away from the screen, “sitting ‘too’ close to the TV isn’t known to cause any human health issues,” according to Scientific American. The origin of this myth dates back to a batch of 100,000 televisions released by General Electric in the 1960s that emitted radiation 100,000 times what is considered safe by health officials. Those were recalled, but the myth persisted.
This idiom dates back to the 17th century and has been passed down from generation to generation ever since, despite being patently untrue. Merlin Tuttle, founder and president of Bat Conservation International (BCI), restored dignity to bat-kind in an interview with National Geographic, saying that “They see extremely well.” (They are, however, color blind.) Unfortunately, the bat gets a bad rap in popular culture, probably thanks to jerk vampires like Dracula. But the bat has a lot to offer humankind: It uses a razor-sharp echolocation to track its insect prey, making it the world’s most badass pest exterminator.
Gum takes years to digest. You were probably warned at some point that a swallowed piece of chewing gum would take a seven-year residency in your tummy. Not true. As Duke University gastroenterologist Rodger Liddle told Scientific American, “nothing would reside [in the stomach] that long, unless it was so large it couldn’t get out of the stomach or it was trapped in the intestine.” According to another Duke gastroenterologist, Nancy McGreal, MD, gum moves through your digestive tract just like any other food or drink, and only takes 30-120 minutes to digest.
Humans have only five senses. Mastering the basics of your five senses was pretty much the focus of an entire semester of kindergarten curriculum, if not more, but the five-sense “sight, sound, smell, taste touch” model we’ve all learned actually dates back to Aristotle, circa 300 B.C. Needless to say, conventional scientific wisdom has changed a bit since then. Though researchers still debate the exact number of senses, most agree that humans have at least 10 or 11 senses, while some researchers believe that humans have 21 senses or more.
Bats are totally blind.
http://www.huffingtonpost. com/2014/07/31/lies-you-learnedin-kindergarten_n_5593273.html
But before you go rejoice and swallow a whole pack of Juicy Fruit -- a word of caution: Gum retains its sticky quality as it moves through your digestive tract. This can cause other foods to clump together, and is generally bad news.
The Universe Talks
Astronomers spot another giant black hole in our backyard By Daniel CleryJan. 15, 2016
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stronomers have long known that there is a supermassive black hole—known as Sagittarius A*—at the center of our galaxy. Now, a team of astronomers says they have found another one, not quite as big, orbiting 200 light-years from the center of the Milky Way. The team didn’t set out to find a black hole. While it was using the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan’s 45-meter Nobeyama radio telescope to study an enigmatic gas cloud called CO0.40-0.22, something unusual caught their eye: an unusually wide range of speeds in the cloud’s gas molecules, suggesting that something massive is accelerating them. Observations at x-ray and infrared wavelengths didn’t reveal any big objects in the cloud. As the team describes in Astrophys-
Tomoharu Oka/Keio University
ical Journal Letters, a simulation of the gas movement in the cloud suggested the cause was a compact object 0.3 light-years across with a mass 100,000 times that of our sun. The best explanation for such an object, which doesn’t appear at other wavelengths, is an intermediate-mass black hole (imagined by an artist, above). Astronomers have long predicted the existence of black holes larger than those formed from single stars, but smaller than the million or billion solar mass ones lurking at the centers of galaxies. But so far there islittle evidence for their existence. If CO-0.40-0.22 does prove to contain such an object, it will be a rare beast, indeed, and right in our backyard. http://www.sciencemag. org/news/2016/01/astronomers-spot-another-giant-black-hole-our-backyard
Héctor D. Andújar Hernández ©Copyright 2016