mestizos of Spain and Indian descent. Thirty-one of the non-Spaniards were soldiers and the remainder either catechist or servants.”25 Don Farrell in 2011 also stated that “The morning after they arrived, Sanvitores came ashore with the rest of his missionaries and troops, including Juan de Santa Cruz.”26 And more recently Chappell in 2013 collective work wrote that 27 “On Guam, however, Spanish priest arrived with an armed escort in 1668” concluding that “This holocaust [the one of Guam] would be repeated on other Pacific islands exposed to intensive foreign contact, just as it had occurred on the American mainland.” Nonetheless, the former authors who support the thesis that Sanvitores arrived with troops in June of 1668 do not quote any primary sources, but rather quote one another. Conversely, Francisco Garcia, writing in 1700, stated that Diego Luis de Sanvitores arrived with no troops but only with some priests and his “secular companions.”28 Luis de Morales, a direct witness of the historical event, does not mention soldiers at all on the first arrival of the missionaries. In the collection of primary sources compiled by Levesque29 there is no one reference to the arrival of Diego Luis de Sanvitores with soldiers, and even James Burney,30 a declared enemy
25
Rogers, 47.
26
Don A. Farrell, History of the Northern Mariana Islands to Partition (Saipan: Public School System, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, 2011), 155.
27
David A. Chappell, “The Postcontact Period,” in The Pacific Islands: Environment & Society, ed. Moshe Rapaport (Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press, 2013), 139.
28
Francisco Garcia, The Life and Martyrdom of the Venerable Father Diego Luis De Sanvitores of the Society of Jesus, First Apostle of the Mariana Islands and the Happenings in These Islands from the Year of One Thousand Six Hundred and Sixty-Eight, to That of One Thousand Six Hundred and Eighty-One (Mangilao, Guam: Micronesian Area Research Center, University of Guam, 2004), 176.
29
Rodrigue Levesque, ed., First Real Contact, 1596-1637: A Collection of Source Documents, vol. III, History of Micronesia (Gatineau, Quebec: Editions Levesque, 1993).
30
James Burney, A Chronological History of the Discoveries in the South Sea or Pacific Ocean ... (Printed by L. Hansard, 1813). 4th Marianas History Conference 2019・9