UD_SU21_138

GRADUATION PORTFOLIO 2020.09 - 2021.08

Lijing Yu Master of Architecture and Urban Design (MSAUD) Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation Columbia University, GSAPP Tel: 6463792635 E-mail: ly2523@columbia.edu

Content

Urban Design Studio

Energy Justice Urban Design Green New Neighborhood in Pittsburgh Urban-Rural Water Plan for Greenville

Urban Design Seminar

Urban Fabric Renewal for Shikumen

Computational Design

Generative Design for Circula(R)-tion X-Information Modeling for Vertical Public Realm

Research

Recombinant Urbanism in Hangzhou GIS Analysis for Microgrid in New York Resilience Adaptive Cycle in Barcelona

ENERGY JUSTICE NOW Community Participatory Algae Industry

2020 Fall Urban Design Studio, GSAPP Instructor: Nans Voron Team: Lijing Yu, Yuehui Du, Cheng Ju Lee, Aruna Ananta Das Inwood, New York

To achieve the goal of 80*50, and explore the new way of renewable energy transition with the local community together, we want to share with you our new business, new solution and new belief, in the community participatory algae industry program.

Rather than facing an economic burden and environmental burden, the community should always be part of the transition. By participating in the whole process, the community can engage not only to benefit from the new generation of energy but also to establish an industry connected with the neighbors. The locals can own part of the regeneration energy and realize how each decision impacts their surroundings. Those infrastructures will not be considered properties that are not relevant to them but consider part of their amenities. The government also plays a vital role as a policymaker and offers government-owned properties to offer all kinds of space for renewable energy. Private partners offer funding and achievement to meet the government’s restriction and goal on new generation energy.

Residential

Cultivation Hub

Public Space Renewed

Algae

Local Algae Industry A 30-Year Round Program

40%

Manufacturing

Energy Discount

100+ Job Created

Open Museum

Algae

Electricity

Algae Power Station

Electricity

60%

Residential Area

200+

Job Created

Waterfront Algae Farm

1.5

Manufacturing Area

million/y

Operating Revenue

Electricity

Algae

Prefab

Capacity: Local Product

By-product

Phase 1 - Concentrated Power Generation Set Up

Divide between manufacturing and residential Pollution due to car wash and cso

Community Cultural Hall

Waterfront Algae Farm

Community Cultural Hall

Construction Workers

Manufacturing Worker

Service industry employee

Cargador

Phase 3 - Products Applying to the Community

GREEN NEW NEIGHBORHOOD GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE AS THE ENGINE OF REGENERATIVE ECONOMY 2021 Spring Urban Design Studio, GSAPP Instructor: Kaja Kühl Team: Lijing Yu, Yi Shang, Zheng Yin, Wanjing Zhang Manchester, Pittsburgh Achieving net-zero carbon emissions as stated in the Green New Deal will unquestionably require large-scale transformations of our energy systems. We believe it should also include investments in small-scale “everyday infrastructure” that can make this energy transition visible to everyday residents in their own neighborhood by collecting and utilizing solar energy and empower them to participate in a just transition. Our project consists of a toolkit of smart street furniture that can provide amenities in streets and neighborhood spaces, while generating electricity and jobs in manufacturing this smart street furniture. Program implementation will also include renovating streets, planting trees, and promoting local business, to create a greener and more democratic future development for Manchester.

Our project will combine with existing local projects, and the scenarios we design will be shown to residents as a guidebook, then deployed to various locations by people themselves. The Civilian Climate Corps will cooperate with local training corps like Bidwell Center to recruit local people, give them on-the-job training, and help them organize into their own worker-owned collectives. Moreover, we think in the next five years Manchester will produce 100% of its own energy and by 10 years it will have excess capacity for growing businesses and future housing. We also believe that with more trees and fewer cars, air quality will improve and respiratory disease will decline.

WATER VEINS Urban-Rural Water Plan for Greenville

2021 Summer Urban Design Studio, GSAPP Instructor: Kate Orff Team: Lijing Yu, Zheng Yin, Yiyang Cai, Yong Zhuang Greenville, Mississippi

Greenville is a historic port town located in the State of Mississippi. It has moved locations twice, first due to flooding of the river banks, and later when it was destroyed during the Civil War. The river was then rerouted to create Lake Ferguson. Our Urban-Rural Greenville Water Plan for the next century proposes interventions that address the critical issues of soil erosion, falling water table and flooding.

This project proposes strategies addressing the critical issues of flooding, dropping water table, and soil erosion in Greenville. In the framland surrounding Greenville, we propose saturated riparian buffers and holding-ditches that will slow and cleanse water before it reaches the River. This will be combined with floodgates at the levees to control the flow in either direction. We also propose canals that can empty into the ditches to protect the urban area, while also creating water-holding landscaped areas for further safety and public use in Greenville.

Shikumen Community Urban Fabric Renewal Under Modernization Urban Design Seminar, GSAPP Instructor: Richard Plunz Team: Lijing Yu, Chao Li Shikumen Community, Shanghai In 1843, Shanghai opened its port to trade and went though a semi-colonial process. In 1853, the Taiping Kingdom movement (peasant uprising) took place. A large number of People from Jiangsu and Zhejiang flooded into the “concession”.Foreign real estate developers began to build a large number of houses for the rich Chinese who fled to make a profit. This kind of building, which was built by western colonists in accordance with the traditional Chinese room pattern, is called Shikumen architecture. In the form, the Jiangnan courtyard-style building is adopted, which guarantees certain privacy and convenience in life.

In the form, the Jiangnan courtyard-style building is adopted, which guarantees certain privacy and convenience in life. After the Cultural Revolution, most of the Shikumen buildings were converted into Shared houses. The increasing density of population and the personal transformation of residents who wanted to occupy for more bedrooms‘ space made Shikumen building has a new room layout and function.What was originally a patio and utility room has been transformed into a communal Shared walkway and kitchen. Meanwhile this change made the community became narrow and cluttered with vague ownership and constant occupation by stakeholders.

We transformed the space of the residents, such as shared kitchens, public passages and the original patio, forming a public passage on the first floor, thus dividing the whole building into four small rooms, which is also in line with the current status of modern residents’ share house . These public passages will break the status quo of community closure and connect to the modern shopping mall from the east and the north. It also can connect with other Shikumen buildings from the west to form a characteristic super block. In order to make up for the lack of transformation from semi-private space to public space, we created a corridor bridge between the different buildings on the second floor, creating a new private space. Meanwhile, the courtyard space of traditional Chinese building is created.Provide more friendly street social space for community residents.

Existing Urban Fabric

Existing Urban Fabric

Strategy 1: Shared Kitchen as Public Space

Historical Shikumen Building

Modern Shikumen Building

Proposed Shikumen Building

Strategy 2: Public Network as Commercial Corridor

Strategy 3: Multi-Courtyard Spaces as In-between of Private Rooms

Proposed Urban Fabric

GENERATIVE DESIGN

X-INFORMATION MODELING

OPTIMIZING CIRCULATION AND SPACE UTILIZATION OF MUSEUM

DENSIFY HORIZONTAL PUBLIC SPACES INTO VERTICLE PUBLIC REALM, WITH BENEFICIAL SUNLIGHT ,VIEW AND 3D WALKABILITY

Computational Design Studio, GSAPP Instructor: Danil Nagy Team: Lijing Yu, Yuqi Tian, Yuehui Du, Xindi Wang, Rui Zhang This project tries to build a method to optimize the spatial structure of geometric compositions in architecture design. The process shows how to optimize a museum design according to the circulation of exhibition and the minimum leftover space.

We can explore the optimization result by plotting the scattered points representing different design schemes in the same rectangular coordinate system, using discover. The x-axis represents the circulation length, and the y-axis represents the overall area of leftover spaces and the spaces outside the site boundary. So to find out the high-performing result which has the minimum length of circulation, and the minimum area of leftover spaces, we selected several optimization designs in Discover from the area that is near the origin of the coordinate system.

Generation in Grasshopper and Python

Computational Design Studio, GSAPP Instructor: Luc Wilson, Snoweria Zhang Team: Lijing YU, Yuexi Xu, Eunjin Yoo This project tries to build a mix use community on the horizontal public spaces, but create more multi-type qualified verticle public spaces.

Metrics

Stimulation in Discover Stimulation in Grasshopper

Automation in Grasshopper

Optimization in Discover and the Result

Animation in Scout

Recombinant Hangzhou Urban Growing and Conceptual Modeling Recombinant Urbanism, GSAPP Instructor: David Grahame Shane Team: Lijing Yu, Huiya Zhong, Lvchen Liu, Kai Zhang, Chao Li

RECOMBINANT TIMELINE

Imperial Avenue

1138 Gate and Street

Capital of Northern Song （Population: 1.42 million）

1127

Wuyue Capital

Capital of Wuyue Kingdom

Grand Canal

1949

End of Feudalism Republic of China

1861

Direct north-south route of Grand Canal constructed

Seawalls constructed as local projects along Qiantang River

820 Original dike and dam constructed at West Lake

960

Taiping Rebellion

581

Sui Dynasty

Tang Dynasty 619

1636

907 1271

589

Qiantang Bridge completed

Development of Binjiang District on the south bank of Qiantang River 2016 G20 Summit

2000 Population 6.9 million

2001 Xiaoshan and Yuhang from 'city' to 'district'

Hangzhou opened to direct trade

Yuan Dynasty

1368

Ming Dynasty

Qing Dynasty

1912

1662

1388

1912

Republic of China

ARCHI-CITTÀ DEFINE THE BOUNDARY

West Lake development

1279

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 907 979 618

The Reform and Opening-up Policy

Japanese invaders occupied Hangzhou

1869

Song Dynasty

1978

1926

Named Lin'an Prefecture

2002

2010 Population 8.7 million

1996

1937

Taiping Rebellion （The city was heavily damaged during its conquest）

1129

Hangzhou master plan to develop a tourism city, establishing 7 satellite towns

Foundation of People’s Republic of China

1912

1280

947

609

1981 Hangzhou 1981 Planning

Song Imperial Palace destryed （Lin'an Renamed Hangzhou）

907

Shanghai - Hangzhou high-speed railway opens

Shanghai-Hangzhou Railway Qiying wall torn down

1277

2019 Population 10.36 million

2010

Hangzhou peliminary planning

1906

Sui City Wall

Hangzhou was named

1953

Hangzhou Zhakou Station

Southern Song Dynasty

589

High-speed Train from SH to HZ

Hangzhou 1953 Planning

1949

People’s Republic of China 1949

CINE-CITTÀ TRANSITION: URBAN ACTORS AND CONFLICTS

1277

IDEOLOGY ORIENTED PLANNING

1912

TELE-CITTÀ ACCELERATION ERA

1978

METACITY GLOBALIZATIONTION

2010

Enclave

Palace, Walls

Qiying, Walls

Danwei

Walled Communities

Walled Communities

Armature

Imperial Avenue, Canals

Canals

Roads, Railway

Roads, Railway

Internet, Roads, Railway

Heterotopia

URBAN ELEMENTS

West Lake, Temples

West Lake, Temples, Gates, Concession

West Lake, Markets, Civic Centers

West Lake, Markets, Mall Centers

West Lake, Mall Centers, Virtual Public Space

Arche-Città | “Hetrotopia” The City Gates arket m Fish

Ma r

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Temp le m ark e

t

Ge

ns ha n

Wulin Gate

Ga te

Silk

e Qingchun Gat

ate

Gate

Yon fj

in G

f ar m p

tang Qian

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ate

l sa

tm

ke ar

t

vege market

ate Qing

bo G

ur o T

t

Hor se m a rk

fi r

ew oo

1912

ate

d

1277

gG

589

TRANSITION: URBAN ACTORS AND CONFLICTS

an gji

DEFINE THE BOUNDARY

Houchao Gate

ARCHI-CITTÀ

n Wa

sim

us ind

try

gta

r o d u ct m a r ke

Qin

Arche-Città | “Hetrotopia” Temples and Markets te

mp

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ha

L

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Yu

e

Zha

in

ng

tia n t e m p

yin

le

te m ple

ARCHI-CITTÀ DEFINE THE BOUNDARY

589

TRANSITION: URBAN ACTORS AND CONFLICTS

1277

1912

o te m p

le

Route to incense -- 1500s

Arche-Città | “Armature” Railway Japanese concession-1895

Hangzhou Gate -- 1906

Hangzhou station -- 1910

Qingtai Gate Tiesha river -- 1910

ARCHI-CITTÀ DEFINE THE BOUNDARY

589

TRANSITION: URBAN ACTORS AND CONFLICTS

1277

1912

Jiangshu Railway

Cine-Città | The Linear Dynamic

Qiushi Road

HIGHWAY & INDUSTRY

Factories along Moganshan Road

VIADUCT & CARGO FREIGHT

RAILWAY & HOUSING

City Station

ARCHI-CITTÀ DEFINE THE BOUNDARY

589

CINE-CITTÀ TRANSITION: URBAN ACTORS AND CONFLICTS

1277

IDEOLOGY ORIENTED PLANNING

1912

1978

Cine-Città | New Grid of Qiying

City Gate Gate of Qiying Wall Street Army Headquater Temple Academic Qiying in 1890

City Hall

Manchu Residence

Wharf

Park Lake Side Road

To Imperial Avenue

Park

Military Headquater

To City Station

School/ Hospital

Qiying Grid & Railway

Original Road New Planned Road Government Office Public Utility

Ring Road & EXPO Modern Roads

Qiying in 1915

ARCHI-CITTÀ DEFINE THE BOUNDARY

589

CINE-CITTÀ TRANSITION: URBAN ACTORS AND CONFLICTS

1277

IDEOLOGY ORIENTED PLANNING

1912

1978

Cine-Città | Central Planned Public Spaces

ARCHI-CITTÀ DEFINE THE BOUNDARY

589

CINE-CITTÀ TRANSITION: URBAN ACTORS AND CONFLICTS

1277

IDEOLOGY ORIENTED PLANNING

1912

1978

Tele-Città | Polycenter City

Created by jaka tarup from the Noun Project

HangZhou ETDZ

Created by jaka tarup from the Noun Project

Created by jaka tarup from the Noun Project

HangZhou HTZ The Core West Lake

QianJiang New Town

Spatial Expansion of Hangzhou Before 1978 1978 - 1999

XiaoShan ETDZ

1999 - 2009 Old Center

BinJiang HTZ

New Center Industrial Center

ARCHI-CITTÀ DEFINE THE BOUNDARY

589

CINE-CITTÀ TRANSITION: URBAN ACTORS AND CONFLICTS

1277

IDEOLOGY ORIENTED PLANNING

1912

TELE-CITTÀ ACCELERATION ERA

1978

2010

Quyuanfenghe

Dahua Hotel

Broken Bridge

Pinghu Qiuyue

Su Di Chun Xiao

Tele-Città | “Hetrotopia” West Lake Development

Hangzhou Parterre

Maojiabu Liulangwenying

West Lake State House

Leifeng Tower Huagangguanyu

Jingci Temple

Meta City | Metacity Cluster Hangzhou-Shaoxing Greater Metropolitan Area

Tongxiang

Deqing

Towards a Metacity After 2010, Hangzhou has adopted a rapid growing speed, thanks to the emergence of large tech companies that makes up a big portion of Hangzhou’s GDP. As though, Hangzhou entered an era of lightspeed communication and expanded its built-up area to many peripheral counties. It has then entered the category of a metacity - joining the list of some of the largest urban areas in the country.

It also intended to connect the neighboring city, Shaoxing, to form a greater metropolitan area by the mid-21st century.

ORIGINAL HANGZHOU CITY BUILT-UP AREA Qianjiang New District

FUTURE HANGZHOU CITY BUILT-UP AREA (2040s)

Binhai New District

Yuyao

ORIGINAL SHAOXING CITY BUILT-UP AREA

Shangyu FUTURE SHAOXING CITY BUILT-UP AREA (2040s)

ARCHI-CITTÀ DEFINE THE BOUNDARY

589

CINE-CITTÀ TRANSITION: URBAN ACTORS AND CONFLICTS

1277

IDEOLOGY ORIENTED PLANNING

1912

TELE-CITTÀ ACCELERATION ERA

1978

METACITY GLOBALIZATIONTION

2010

Meta City | Focus to Innovate

Zhejiang Univ.

City of Future Industries

Zhejiang Univ. of Technology

As a city with long history of natural landscape and gardens, Hangzhou has limited its development of heavy industries to preserve its desirable environment. When it entered the 2010s, Hangzhou became one of the most innovative cities with a large number of top tier higher educations and technology firms, which sets the foundation to support a metacity populations and complexities.

Alibaba

Zhejiang Normal Univ.

Ant Group

China Academy of Art

There also emerged a series of business incubator parks to provide new types of public spaces for startups and newly graduated talents. In this way, the city develops an ecosystem of self-sustained workforce supply.

Netease Dahua Tech.

Alibaba Hikvision

TECHNOLOGY FIRMS

Hundsun Tech.

HIGHER EDUCATIONS BUSINESS INCUBATOR PARK

ARCHI-CITTÀ DEFINE THE BOUNDARY

589

CINE-CITTÀ TRANSITION: URBAN ACTORS AND CONFLICTS

1277

IDEOLOGY ORIENTED PLANNING

1912

TELE-CITTÀ ACCELERATION ERA

1978

METACITY GLOBALIZATIONTION

2010

Meta City | Pandemic, 2020

Return to Domestic Realms The COVID-19 Pandemic had posed a significant challenge to the city’s service infrastructure. Though Wuhan was in the center of the storm, Hangzhou, along with other cities of Zhejiang province were the first cluster of cities that responeded quickly after the outbreak. During the several months of lockdown, Hangzhou proved itself with an advanced metacity pattern that redefined the city elements - a series of virtual armatures, enclaves, and hetrotopias that exist as an alternative pattern as people return to domestic realms - their homes, when only essential workers occupy the tranditional public spaces of the city.

Case Study | Return to Garden City

“Same as all the Chinese streets that I am fond of, Zhongshan Rd. beloved by myself, is a mixing template of new and antiques, filled with excitement and fun.” -Wang Appointed by Hangzhou Municipal Government, Wang Shu presides the designs and renovations of the pedestrian street about 1km long along Zhongshan Rd. It extends from Gu Lou (Drum Tower) to West Lake Blvd. in downtown Hangzhou.

In many cities, streets gradually possess a variety of touches from different times in history with unique memories. 100 years ago, this was the most prosperous street in Hangzhou, and now it’s given the new life that is built in parallel with the original, filled with touches of nature and water, reminding people the very unique temperament of Hangzhou as a garden city.

Case Study | Return to Garden City

Gate drive

Street drive

Grid drive

Water drive

Hangzhou station -- 1910

Southern Song Imperial Street historic museum

1127

1277

Imperial Street historic

1912

Imperial Street historic

1978

Imperial Street Scenic Area

2018

Microgrid in New York The Most Suitable Places to Build Microgrid in New York GIS (geographic information system) Lab, GSAPP Instructor: Leah Meisterlin Team: Lijing Yu, Chen Liu

Do the Microgrids energy generation co-located with areas where people can get payback easier in New York City?

Where are the most suitable locations to build Microgrid in New York City?

First, we analyse the current electricity grid and microgrid network in New York City. And then, we define the outage vulnerable area, and the economic suitable area as well as the power generation suitable area for building microgrid.

Finally, we combine all the research and compare the analysis to draw a conclusion. We need to combine all the layers we produced, and create one unified map, showing where is the most suitable for microgrid construction. And we need to compare this map with the current microgrid location, to find out whether they are co-located.

Resilience in Barcelona Adaptive Cycle and Resilience Assesment of Barcelona Global Resilience Seminar, GSAPP Instructor: Samuel Carter Individual Work