The Climate Crisis: Envisioning A Green New Deal In The Hudson Valley The Hudson Valley Regional Studio Fall 2019
URBAN DESIGN PROGRAM Kate Orff, Director David Smiley, Assistant Director
FALL SEMESTER STUDIO
Kaja Kühl, Studio Coordinator Anna Dietzsch, Justin G. Moore, Jerome Haferd, Liz McEnaney, Shachi Pandey, Raafi Rivero, David Smiley and Dragana Zoric, Studio Faculty Shivani Ajaykumar Agarwal, Greg LeMaire, Research Assistants
THE HUDSON VALLEY INITIATIVE Kaja Kühl, Director
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4 INTRODUCTION 13 PHOTOS OF EVENTS AND SITE VISITS
POST-INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPE
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Building Cradle to Cradle Victoria Vuono, Laszlo Kovacs, Sophie Lee, Ritchie Ju
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Green It, Clean it! Anai Perez, Danwei Pan, Pratibha Singh, Zixuan Zhang
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Quarryscape Zhou Wu, Palvasha Sophia Khan, Nikita K, Ashwin Nambiar
URBAN FABRIC
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Collaborative Main Street Chris Zheng, Hatem Alkhathlan, Einat Lubliner, Sushmita Sheker
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Drive-Less Life Shuo Han, Isabella Zhang, Yao Yao
PUBLIC AND INSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM
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Dispersing Wellness Mansoo Han, Niharika Shekhawat, Shailee Shah, Ting Zhang
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What’s On Your Plate? Food as Knowledge Annie Wu, Moneerah Alajaji, Vasanth Mayilvahanan, Wei Zhang
SUBURBAN LIVES
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Unboxed Hala Abukhodair, Scott Guo, Xinuye Liu, Stuti Ganatra
FARMS AND FORESTS
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Migroculture German Bahamon, Claudia Kleffmann, Nina Lish, Nina Ndichu,Angus Palmer
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Good(s) Shift Antonia Medina Abell, Hugo Bovea, Tal Fuerst, Sharvari Raje
Social Carbon You-Chiao Wu, Mary Elizabeth Allen, Minjung Lee, Candelaria Mas Pohmajevic
A Sentence Rewritten Aasiya, Zhen Hua, Yuan Qin, Alvi Khan
These Routes Are Made For Walking Yile Xu, Jaime Palacios, Kunal Mokasdar, Lino Caceres
Carbon Sequestration Menghan Zhang, Tian Hao, Kuan-I Wu, Eleni Stefania Kalapoda
116 THANK YOU 3
Urban Design at Columbia The Urban Design Program at Columbia GSAPP investigates social, spatial, and climate change in order to help communities learn and shape their own futures. Wherever we work, students and faculty collaborate with local institutions, government officials, professionals, non-profit organizations, and community groups. Urban Design can act as a bridge among these many actors but, just as important, we believe that Urban Design must be an activist practice. Our design work addresses multiple scales, varied needs, and different stakeholders, and we value the shared struggle to create alternatives to present conditions.
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The Climate Crisis: Imagining a Green New Deal in the Hudson Valley Working in the Hudson Valley, the Fall Urban Design Studio at GSAPP operates at the regional scale and asks students to enter the discourse of urbanization beyond cities to engage unevenly dispersed socio-spatial ecosystems at multiple scales. The Hudson Valley, a region defined by multiple systems, histories, and geographies, touches the lives of millions and has deep connections to New York City, the global metropolis at its southern edge. For this studio, region is defined neither by a political boundary nor a physical area but, in the tradition of Patrick Geddes1, the region is understood as the integration of settlements, modes of production and consumption, and the topographic and biological contexts in which they take place. Specifically, the Fall 2019 studio explored the region’s rural/urban socio-spatial ecosystems as the site for intervention to address the global climate crisis. As part of a GSAPP-wide collaboration “Public Works for a Green New Deal,” students worked closely with local stakeholders, elected officials, organizations, non-profits, community groups, and planning and design professionals to envision just and equitable pathways towards decarbonizing the region. The Climate Crisis The 2018 report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) found that limiting global warming to 1.5°C would require “rapid and far-reaching transitions in the use of land, energy, industry, buildings, transport, and cities” to make significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and avert the worst effects of climate disruption.
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Daniel Christian Wahl (2017) Design and Planning for People in Place: Sir Patrick Geddes (1854–1932) and the
Emergence of Ecological Planning, Ecological Design, and Bioregionalism, Medium, 2017
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Climate change is a crisis of unevenly experienced and systemic injustices that challenges scientists, practitioners, and community members alike. At the start of 2019, the US House of Representatives passed Resolution H.R.109 calling for a Green New Deal to substantially reset climate and social policy of the Country. In June 2019, the New York State legislature passed the Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act, a legally binding legislative act to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions in New York State by 2050. These efforts complement the global challenge of anthropogenic change, ranging from acts of resistance such as the #fridaysforfuture school strikes to the startling clarity of subsequent IPCC reports, all of which highlight the limited time frame for us to act. They shift our vocabulary from merely acknowledging climate change to embracing the need for systemic action to confront the crisis. Such changes are structural: We need to change the way we live, work, organize, and govern ourselves as a society. Not only do we need to transition to a decarbonized future, however, we must also address the systemic inequalities integral to the globalized urbanization that has brought us to this dire condition. To urban designers, the Green New Deal reads like a call to action. “Building resilience against climate change-related disasters”, “Upgrading infrastructure”, “Building more sustainable food systems” or “Restoring and protecting threatened, endangered and fragile ecosystems” are but a few of the stated goals in the document that sound familiar to urban designers accustomed to thinking in systems and envisioning built and natural environments to support these goals.
The Hudson Valley They also sound familiar to practitioners working in the Hudson River Valley, a region of watersheds, forests, farms, small cities and rural hamlets. Narratives of the Hudson River Valley often begin with the histories of pioneering European settlers who started making their marks
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on the landscape over 400 years ago, supplanting indigenous peoples, or of the American revolutionaries who did the same 175 years later, and of course, of the prosperous Empire State. In the early 19th century waterpower from tributary streams yielded new factories with new residents and dramatically changed life in the Valley. Transportation infrastructures – the Erie Canal in 1812, the Hudson River Railroad in 1849, and the evergrowing network of roads and bridges brought industry and economic prosperity to the region. Each of the region’s resources is in some way marked by its proximity and accessibility - or lack thereof - to New York City, a global metropolis. The prosperity of the region, its small cities and villages, however, was and remains precarious. After decades of industrial growth in the Valley, early and mid-20th century changes to transport, industry, and demographics have decimated Main Streets and farming districts. Cities such as Newburgh, Kingston, and Poughkeepsie slowly shed population, jobs, investment, and the social networks necessary for community well-being. Mid-century responses to change were often equally destructive, when struggling neighborhoods –typically low-income and minority communities– were demolished in the name of “renewal”. At the same time, local farms struggled to compete with factory farms and nationally-scaled agribusiness. Other large corporate employers like IBM closed manufacturing plants and office parks, leaving gigantic scars of asphalt and concrete with little prospect for a second life. While some places have managed to stage “comebacks,” income, employment, education, and real estate data show that disparities continue to increase, both in the Valley, and nationally (EIG Distressed Communities Index, 2016). These challenges are set against the backdrop of one of the most revered landscapes in the American Northeast. Designated in 1996 as a National Heritage Area, its natural beauty inspired one of America’s great art movements, the Hudson River School. Home to America’s wealthiest
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families across the 19th and into the 20th century, the Valley’s estates, vistas, lakes and flora were idealized as timeless places of beauty and virtue -- even as emerging industry was already tarnishing that image. The beauty of the Hudson Valley, real and increasingly threatened, also gave birth to environmental activism and the conservation movement, setting precedents for national legislation on protecting the environment from development, pollution and resource extraction.
Designing The Rural
“As they mobilise their capacities to shape this emergent terrain of intervention, designers confront an important ethical choice – to help produce maximally profitable operational landscapes for capital accumulation; or alternatively, to explore new ways of appropriating and reorganising the non-city geographies of urbanisation for collective uses and for the common good.”
Neil Brenner, The Hinterland Urbanized
For several decades, architects and planners have focused primarily on the growth of cities and the threshold of more than 50% of the world’s population becoming city dwellers. Rural spaces, on the other hand, are often associated with economic decline, stagnation and political isolation. The Fall Urban Design Studio at Columbia GSAPP brings into focus the territories and places where the other 50% live: Small towns, villages, rural landscapes and farmland. It discusses the relationship between country and city - not as in opposition, of “rural” and “urban” but as a relationship between people and nature, between settlement and landscape, and society and its resources. With the steady advance of technology, the antithetical distinctions between city and countryside, center and periphery, culture and nature have increasingly dissolved. Flows of material, food,
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water and energy from the region to the city are countered with flows of people, investment, culture and waste. The often cited “Brooklynization” of the Hudson Valley –a growing number of city-dwellers moving north– is one of many flows between the city and countryside that dissolve this distinction. Simultaneously, romanticizing rural space as a site of the natural and authentic, as a victim of industrialization and urbanization, is coming into question. Rural regions – small towns, villages, landscapes, farms, hinterlands – can no longer be understood as places “left behind” by cities but instead are sites of production, inhabitation, knowledge as well as conflict. As designers, we play a critical role in envisioning the future of these territories. Central to the studio discussions and the work presented here are the unique relationships and dependencies between individual places, the larger region and its relationship to the metropolis at its southern tip, New York City. The valley offers lessons for urban design intervention at various scales, interpreting varied perceptions, and challenging the geography of decision-making. While each of the projects aims to be site-specific, they respond to a regional investigation of systems, infrastructure, networks or recurring phenomena. Several projects interrogate the post-industrial landscape of the region. Sited primarily along the Hudson River at a time when water-based travel was the most efficient, the revered landscape is now dotted with hundreds of acres of abandoned sites. Student projects explore a variety of narratives for these sites from potential for future economic opportunity to utilizing the scarred land for clean power generation and reforestation. Another series of projects focussed on the small cities and towns as sites for systemic intervention. Newburgh, Poughkeepsie, and Kingston have historically played a significant role as urban centers on the Hudson River. Plagued by a declining manufacturing base, decreasing populations, compounded by urban renewal in the 20th century, these cities are facing new and old challenges. How can existing urban spaces such as urban
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waterfronts and decaying main streets be reactivated and invigorated, reduce its residents carbon footprint while offering opportunities for affordable housing, economic growth and jobs? Within cities, public and institutional buildings constitute a separate important spatial category for intervention. Hospitals, prisons, government offices, and schools are important employers throughout the region. Their outdated facilities and operations are often the worst offenders when it comes to Greenhouse Gas emissions and environmental practices. Yet, the idea of “Public Works� could not be more directly applied in several of the projects that address public institutions and their ability to innovate greenhouse gas reduction, while better serving the public. Many of the cities in the region lost population and businesses to its suburban surroundings in the 20th century, seen as the superior alternative for living then. These spaces now too are ripe for innovation. Several projects question the car-dependency and excessive use of asphalt and concrete generated by suburban communities, shopping malls and office parks. Lastly, a category of projects seeks to identify opportunities for sequestering carbon emissions using nature as a tool. Both, agriculture as well as forests have a long history in the region. These projects expand the repertoire of urban designers with a focus on the unbuilt systems that can contribute to addressing the climate crisis. All of the projects are intended to spark conversation, inform and promote collaboration with and between those who are passionate about a just transition to a clean and equitable future for all communities across the Hudson Valley region. We are grateful for the many conversations, for feedback and comments along the way.
Columbia University Urban Design Fall Semester Studio Faculty Team
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LEARNING AND SHARING Site Visits And Workshops
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STUDENT WORK
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POST-INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPES
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ALBANY
HUDSON
KINGSTON
PORT OF NEWBURGH
PORT OF NY - NJ
HUNTS POINT
PORT OF NEWARK
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GOOD(S) SHIFT REVITALIZING THE PORT OF NEWBURGH Antonia Medina Abell, Hugo Bovea, Tal Fuerst, Sharvari Raje
Trucks are one of the largest contributors to air pollution in the Hudson Valley, and function within an unbalanced system. 84% of the freight transported in New York State is moved by truck while other modes of transportation such as railways and waterways are underutilized. Among the goods transported in the region, food is a top carbon emitter. Yet, many small and medium-sized farmers lack processing infrastructure and cannot reach production capacities. GOOD(S) SHIFT is a working waterfront that joins two vital segments of the Hudson Valley’s agricultural operations: processing and distribution. The port will become one of a series of hubs that integrates diverse and intermodal operations, employs local residents, and models the transition towards a less carbon intensive transportation infrastructure for the Hudson Valley. See the project’s video here: https://vimeo.com/380162308
[ PA C K A G I N G FA C I L I T Y ]
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Hudson River Valley Building Industry Post War Industrial Decline
Population and Industry
1875
Material Extraction
1900
1925
1950
Tech & Service
1975
2000
Local Extracted Materials Stone
Brick
Cement
Gravel
Site
Digging
Carving
Heating
Sorting
Heating
New York City Metropolitain Area
State Waste and Recycled Material Manufacturing Potential Construction and Demolition Waste
What if we recycled that?
970,000 Tons of Waste
200 150
Recycled Material Manufacturing Can Save:
844,000 Tons of C02
Legend
100
Suburban
50
30
Thousands of Tons
Wasted During Construction
Demolition Debris
250
600 Jobs in Production
230 Jobs in Recycling
4x the Demolition Jobs
Urban Freight Rail Mine
The Tech City Co-Op Victoria Vuono, Laszlo Kovacs, Sophie Lee, Ritchie Ju
The building industry in the United States accounts for 30% of global carbon emissions, with 40% associated with construction and 60% with the operations and energy consumption of buildings. The Green New Deal calls for the country’s building stock to be upgraded to reduce emissions but we also need to ask how the production of building materials can become less carbon intensive? The Hudson River Valley has a long history of building material production utilizing local resources, yet, in recent years, these industries have shifted abroad, dramatically increasing carbon intensive building processes. TECH CITY CO-OP is a building material production facility that uses recycled materials collected from the region. Using new technologies as well as a cooperative labor and production organization, the project facilitates symbiotic building-industry relationships to reshape regional construction and to lower carbon emissions in the region.
See the project’s video here https://vimeo.com/380161031
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Tech City Industrial Co-Op
Truck Dependant Industry
Warehouse & Distribution
Incubator
Solar Power Plant
Modular Industrial Park Recreation Center
Material Research Center
Bus Stop-Bike Share-Parking
Construction & Demolition Training
Parking Lot
Administration Hub Wetland Park
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Solar Panels: Modular Industrial Park
Solar Energy Plant Parking Lot
Solar Power Network
Warehouse & Distribution
Pedestrian Loop to Creek Truck Route
Existing Freight Rail Automobile
Freight Trolley System
Pedestrian Car & Bus Route
Freight Trolley
Pedestrian Loop to Creek
Circulation Network
low
erf
Ov
to
k
ree
sC
pu
o Es
Storm Water Management Wetland
o
erfl
Ov
us
sop
E w to
ek
Cre
Storm Water Network
WAREHOUSES
UTILITIES
INNOVATION
TRUCK DEPENDANT INDUSTRIES
FLEXIBLE TROLLEY DEPENDANT INDUSTRIES
CONSTRUCTION TRAINING COMMUNITY SPACE
MATERIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH
CONSTRUCTION TRAINING ADMIN & COMMUNITY OUTREACH
Industrial Network
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Bus Stop-Bike Share-Parking
Truck Dependant Industry / Recycler
Tool Rental
Repair Cafe Hub
Workshare Space Co-Op Administration
Recycled Material Sculpture Garden
Storm Water Management Pond
Path to Espous Creek
3. Administration and Support
4. Kiln and Water Treatment
Incubator
New Technology to Manufacture
Warehouse and Distribution
Prefab Insulated
Clip Connection
2. Tech Incubator Door Panel
Window Panel
Wall Panel Connector
SUNY New Paltz 3D Printing Facility
Existing Bridge
New Ways to Use Materials Material Research Facility
Existing Building Retrofit to Rec Center
1. Material Research Center
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Punched CFS
Roof Panel
Floor Panel
An Inclusive Industrial Community
Material Research Facility
Construction Training
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Food Hall
Market Plaza BOCES Construction Edu.
Kiln
Asbestos Mound Skate Park
BOCES Demolition Edu.
Demolition Training
Path to Esopus Creek
5. Education Training Utilizing Fright Rail
Utilizing Solar Energy
View Near BOCES Training Center
Consoledated Transportation
Utilizing Grey Water
Training the Next Generation of Builders
Kiln and Water Treatment
On Site Material Sourcing
High Quality Building Materials
Encouraging Closed Loop Maufacturing
Collaboration with Various Industries
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Contaminated Sites in the Hudson Valley
Urban Development Area Forest Area
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Green it, Clean it!
Anai Perez, Danwei Pan, Pratibha Singh, Zixuan Zhang
About 130,000 acres of Hudson Valley land has been directly or indirectly contaminated by industry. GREEN IT, CLEAN IT transforms these brownfields into community assets that can tackle pollution and improve soil health, sequester carbon and restore land productivity. The abandoned and hazardous Tech City (former IBM) in Kingston is a test site of remediation using nature-based systems. The process of change enables us to open the site to adjacent communities and ecologies, and provides recreational and economic benefits locally and regionally. Site programing generates a range of jobs in research, manufacturing and maintenance, ensuring communities of all types have access to work and a strengthened local economy. Sites such as Tech City can become places for research and education about new infrastructures of remediation.
See the project’s video here: https://vimeo.com/380158487
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Analysis
Property Area: 258 Acres Demolished Area: 19 Acres Industrial Parcel: 20 Acres Data center/ Industrial Parcel: 16 Acres Mixed Use Parcel: 10 Acres Parking Parcel: 39 Acres Office Parcel: 3 Acres
IBM Access Point Highway Road
Timeline, Funding & Policy
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Concept Concept Diagram Diagram
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37
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40
2
System Axonometric
Green House Biodome
Glass Panels
Floor Harvest
1
Vertical
Hydroponics
5
Research Center
Concrete Shell Structure
Plaza
Library/Reading Room
Administration
12
Laboratory Research Room
Library Herbarium
Exhibition Area Demonstration Lab Classroom
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Abandoned Industries 20th Century Industrial Era 21st Century Post-Industrial Era
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QuarryScape Zhou Wu, Palvasha Sophia Khan, Nikita K, Ashwin Nambiar
For more than a century, industries along the Hudson River thrived, producing goods and employing many residents but, at the same time, polluting the environment. Extensive swaths of forests, meadows, wetlands and watersheds were contaminated and destroyed. Since the 1970s, the Valley’s many industries were abandoned, scarring the landscape and often blocking waterfront access in cities and towns all along the River. QUARRYSCAPE uses an abandoned quarry in Kingston to test new forms of energy production and to turn scarred landscapes into recreational sites for community well-being. Can industries and nature co-exist?
See the project’s video here:
https://vimeo.com/380157237
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BARRIER OF BLIGHT
R E N AT U R A L I Z I N G H I S TO R I C W E T L A N D S / WAT E R S H E D
P R O D U C T I V E R E C R E AT I O N A L LANDSCAPE
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P R O D U
P H A S I N G A N D T I M E L I N E O F T H E Q U A R RY R E V I TA L I Z AT I O N 2019
Existing Condition and capacity of the Quarry
1.Existing Condition and Capacity
2.Cleaning the Quarry
3.Restoration/Adding Ecology and Habitats
Cleaning the Quarry for Revilizivation
Callanon Industries Quarry
2026
2025
2023
of damaged
4.Quarry Revitalized and ready t able energy
Capacity Of Quarry
Limestone
Chemically Cleanig the Quarry (Hydrochloric acid and special surfactants blended)
50’
Limestone
Southern naiad Coontail
Boulders on steep edges
100’
Permian Sand
125’
Sandstone Coal Measures
Emerged
75’
Marl Slate
Floating
Naturally Ocurring Wetlands
Leafy pondweed Star duckweed
150’ 178’
Water Collection from Lake and Rainwater
200’
Submerged
Southern naiad Zosterella dubia (Water stargrass)
Filling with Natural Soil
Rubble/Waste Rock
Soil Layer Planting the Native Plants
2016 Data
4%/ year
S I T E WAT E R A N D E C O L O G Y S YS T E M
Quarry trail
Lake Katrine Existing Water Source
Riparian Buffer Zone
WETLAND AROUND QUARRY
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Collection Water in the revitalized Quarr y
Existing mined connection
VIEW FROM INSIDE HYDROELECTRIC PLANT
(WINTER AND SUMMER)
Qu
U C T I V E
H Y D R O P O W E R P L A N T D E TA I L S
to use for water storage for renew4.Quarry Revitalized and used a water Storage for Renewable Ener-
East Kingston
100% Renewable
Power Generator
Kingston City 14% Renewable Ener-
East Kingston waterfront park Ferry Dock Art trail Animal observation
HydroPower Plant
uarry for Reservoir for Hydro power Plant 70’ Drop
Devils Lake
R E V I TA L I Z AT I O N
Existing Water body for water drainage and collection
OF THE QUARRY
45 43
R E C R E Yaie Road Lake Katrine diversion
Historic industrial t
Flatbush Road
Route 9W
Quarry trail
Hyd
Lake Katrine
Parking
Main Street
Quarry 1
P R O P O S E D R E C R E AT I O N A L T R A I L S / A C T I V I T I E S East Kingston
Educational trail
Sculptural bird habitats
AT cha
Quarry 2
W.M. Kingston
Cement Factory
Submerged aquatic vegetation(SAV) for marine animals
B I R D S / A N I M A L S H A B I TAT T R A I L
Forests Waterbody Riparian Biodiversity Wetland Proposed Trail
Hutton Brickyards
Streams Electric Line Substation
46 44
46
Houses supplied with electricity
EAST KINGSTON TRAIL
AT V B I K I N G + R
A T I O N A L
Restaurants+ cafes
Current watershed
trail
Sculpture+birds
Waterfront park
droelectric/research
Interactive art trail
Activity/event hub
East Kingston ferry
Animal observation
Flea markets
TV parking + arging station
ATV biking dirt paths
Quarried bluestone steps
Industrial history trail
Open galleries + event spaces
Ferry terminal/ charging dock
Restored wetlands along quarry edge
RACING ZONE
QUARRY EDGE TRAIL
East kingston-rhinecliff solar ferry
EAST KINGSTON-RHINECLIFF FERRY
47 F E R RY + WAT E R F R O N T PA R K
ACTIVITY HUB
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URBAN FABRIC
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Land Use Patterns and Carbon Emissions in the Hudson Valley
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Social Carbon You-Chiao Wu, Mary Elizabeth Allen, Minjung Lee, Candelaria Mas Pohmajevic
As it stands, the Green New Deal lacks specific methods and tools to implement its grand objectives. How do remedies and prescriptions hit the ground and, equally important, how does implementation prevent the inequalities seen in the Depression-era New Deal? SOCIAL CARBON is a coordinated set of strategies and projects that prioritize community and environmental needs in Kingston, framing carbon reduction as an integral part of the social life of the Valley. The project utilizes an expanded transect method to visualize and examine conditions, jurisdictions and opportunities. For the Kingston region, we demonstrate how projects of varied scales, with different stakeholders, and with multiple technical needs can be brought together via urban design thinking. We rethink the Green New Deal as a middle ground, neither top-down nor bottom-up, that motivates partnerships across communities and disciplines See the project’s video here:
https://vimeo.com/380163043
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SOCIAL CARBON at Kingston
Farmers Market Restaurants Shopping Mall + Green Line
M
NET
SVISo
Daycare Center Museums Schools
Agin
36%
TREE NURSERY
S XS
NET ZERO AFFORDABLE HOUSING
S
Social Carbon Initiative 1
Vulne
Commercial & Cultural Center
N R
Municipality ZERO
FOREST
M
Net Zero Districts
2
Vacant Lots
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
Extend Green Line Main Street & Vulnerable A
S
AGRICULTURE BELT
Collaboration across Political Boundaries
RECHARGE HUB Municipality
COMMUNITY CENTER
3 Community Led Initiatives
VULNERABILITY
VULNERABLE COMMUNITY
ADMINISTRATIVE CE Connection Dashboard Toolkits
Funding
Application
INFORMATION PLATFORM
Carbon Coordinate Plan Carbon Goals
Project Proposal
Project Proposal
Project Proposal
Social Goals
SOCIAL NEEDS SOLUTIONS
Initiative
STAKEHOLDERS
TRANSPORTATION
HOUSING
I want to use my VACANT LOTS!
Implementation
Bike Accessibility
Make bus possible in Kingston
Lack of Affordable Housing!
ENERGY
Newly Here Can’t Find Contractors! Ita
Vacant Land Owner
Rose
Bike Advocate
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Elizabeth
Kingston Resident
Susan
Kingston Resident
Nanya
NYC Commuter
M
S
XS
SYSTEMATIC CONNECTION
AREA COMMUNITY HUB
BLOCK SCALE INTERVENTION
erable Area
ocial Vulnerability Index
ng Housing
% >yrs
NEIGHBORHOOD REGENERATION
Abandoned Cement Quarry Scenic Hudson
Pilot Projects
Private Owner
Wild Species Habitats Lakes Woodlands Wetland waterfront
Area
M
WETLAND GENERATOR Community Base Organization
B VULNERABILITY
VULNERABILITY
M
LINEAR PARK & TRAIL
ENTER
CURRENT GREEN LINE
GREEN LINE TRAIL
WETLAND PARKS
CARBON EMISSION EDUCATION
Y
Share My Knowledge About The Land But How?
3 10
Housing Retrofit Guideline
Jopheth
Kingston Resident
Educators / Concerned Parents
Peter
Land Owner + Farmer
Good
Food
Housing
Transportation
6
5
7
11
12
metric tons CO2 equivalent
After School Program & Volunteers!
“The younger generation needs help to connect with the nature in their backyard.”
Service
5
31
12 5
11 5
39.5
10,268 Houses
12
36%
Transportation Method 75%
Drive Alone
> 80 years
31% Fuel Oil Kerosene
Housing Age 22
<5 years 5 years
House 46% Heating Fuel Utility Gas
Bottled,tank,LP gas
20 years
Electricity
40 years
22
Utility gas
10 years
60 years 80 years
14
5
53
Fuel oil,kerosene Coal Allotherfuels Nofuelused
Connection
C02
Green Line
Eco Building
C02 C02
C02
Electric Station
e-Bus Stop
Program
Green Jobs
e-Bike Lane
Community Garden
Program Community Center
Day-care Center
Energy Commercial
Energy Solar Panel Roof Garden South
E-Bus Station Solar Canopy E-Bike Station
NET ZERO AFFORD$%/( +286,1*
S
“...providing all people of the United States with affordable, safe, and adequate housing”
S XS
“... to create millions of good, high-wage jobs” “... upgrading all existing buildings”
Current
Job Needs
1(,*+%25+22' REGENERA7,21
Aging Houses
Vacant Lot
Community Workshops
C02 C02 C02
C02
Green Jobs Community Workshop Community Training
Using Vacant Lots
Net Zero Neighborhood Retrofitted Homes
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5HWURÀWWLQJ +RPHV
Current Vacant Lot
Job Needs Green Line
C02 Transportation Need
C02
Connection to Nature
C02 C02
Electric Transportation Access Community Greenspace
Community Initiative
Community Marketplace
HV Current Market Solar Energy Eco-Route
e-Bike Lane
Eco-Hub
S
5(&+$RGE +8%
“... Overhauling transportation systems in the United States to remove pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector”
M
WETLAND GENERATOR
“... meet 100 percent of the power demand through clean, renewable and zero emission energy sources” “... removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere by restoring natural ecosystems...”
Forest-Cave-Lake Endangered Species Preservation
Energy
C02
C02
C02
Using Abandoned Quarry
Restoring Wetland
Hill-Quarry Re-Use Abandoned Infrastructure
Solar Panel Energy Center
Wind Turbine
Hill-Wetland Restoration with Floating Wetland
Floating Wetland
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The Dead Retail Infrastructure L
M
Shopping malls
58
s
‘Big Boxes’
317
Dead Malls Big Boxes Department Stores
56
Street stores
1000+
Post Retail Scape â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Collaborative Main Street Chris Zheng, Hatem Alkhathlan, Einat Lubliner, Sushmita Sheker
With the global transition from traditional shopping to e-commerce, many Main Streets, Big Boxes and Malls have become redundant. This next phase of commerce has impacted social interaction, local economies, existing infrastructures, and many types of jobs and services. POST RETAIL SCAPE offers a new retail module in the form of a shared collaborative platform through which small businesses share space, energy, resources, waste management and storage. This sharing of assets reduces costs and carbon emissions and also funnels local dollars, promotes interaction, improves jobs and enables great social participation and equity in the remaking of Main Streets.
See the projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s video here: https://vimeo.com/380155358
Consumer Behavior and CO2e (kg per journey)
3.1
+ -35% Co2e
1.5
+
3.3
51%
24H
The Traditional
Traditional Shopping
The Online Shopper
The Modern + Impatient
One day delivery shoppers
E - Commerce
57
Post Retail Scape Evolution of Retail E-commerce
Traditional Retail
Infrastructure
Product
Spatial
Spacial
?
Product
Spacial
Spatial
New Model Individual Retail
Footprint
Online
Shopping malls
Product
Spatial
Spacial
Main street
Old Model Collaborative
Lower cost
Collaboration
Interaction
Experience
Railway, C
ollective
Logistical
Corridor
Refurbished Malls & Big Boxes, Regional Service Infrastructures
M
id
-s c
al
e
M
an Co uf rn ac ell tu S rin t, g
Refurbished Malls, Renewable Energy Infrastructure
Store Vacancy Rate 100%
Br
oa
0% Water Railway Existing Tram Extended Tram Extended Tram Existing Local Makers
56
58
Stations
dw
ay,
the
Co
-op
Ma
in
Str
ee
t Lig
ht
rai
l, P
ub
lic
Tra n
sit
Ex
ten
sio
n
Experiential Sidewalk
Bike Lane
Road
Light Rail
Bike Lane
Sidewalk
Proposed Section
10
30ft
Strategies
5
20
16
5
66
10
10
Retail Street | Broadway
Public Service
Shared space
Media Center
Renewable energy
Art Gallery
Mosque
Street extension
Art Center
Church
Experiential space
Bakery
M Scale | Renewable Energy Production
L Scale | Recycling and Distribution Center
Solar Farms & Data Center
Recycle to Energy Plant & Distribution Center Recycling Center
Data center
Waste to Energy Plant
3,200,000W/ 267,000 Sqft CO2 420 lbs
Solar farm
3,450,000W/ 270,000 Sqft CO2 450 lbs
Recycling Energy storage
59
57
Policy 4-5 BUSINESSES Retail collaborative
$ $ $$ $ $ $
$
Investment 1
2
3
4
Revive
Street
Location
Experiences
Land Trust
Collaborative Infrastructure
State
Incentives
Parks & Street Extensions
Renewable Energy & Waste platform Shared Space Platform
$ $ $$ $ $ $
Zoom in Collaborative Retail 25,600 W/ 2500 Sqft CO2 60 lbs
Renewable Energy System
Shared Working
Street Extension
Art Park Repair Park
Education Space Playground
Shared Production
Park
Market Square
Shared Makers
Amphitheater Meeting booth
Light Rail Shared Space Waste Bicycle Lane
Street Extension | Collaborative Consumption
58
01
02
06
07
60
03
08
04
05
09
10
Street View
Street View
Repair & Recycling
61
59
Carbon Emission of Transportation & Settlement PatternS EMISSION OF NEW YORK
205.61 (MMtCO2e)
EMISSION OF TRANSPORTATION
36%
PRIVATE CARS
70%
HUDSON
KINGSTON
POUGHKEEPSIE
NEWBURGH & BEACON MIDDLETOWN PEEKSKILL Carbon Emission (Metric ton/sq mile ·year) 50,000
Population Density Legend (Population/sq meter) Populationdesity_NY&P desity 0.000000-0.000020 0.000000 - 0.000020 0.000021-0.000055 0.000021 - 0.000055
30,000
0.000056-0.000115 0.000056 - 0.000115 0.000116-0.000226 0.000116 - 0.000226
0.000227-0.000406 0.000227 - 0.000406 0.000407-0.000707 0.000407 - 0.000707
10,000
DESIGN SITE
POTENTIAL SITES
62
0.000708-0.001065 0.000708 - 0.001065 0.001066-0.004141 0.001066 - 0.004141 0.004142-0.029946 0.004142 - 0.029946
Drive-Less Life Shuo Han, Isabella Zhang, Yao Yao
Transportation contributes to 36% of greenhouse gas emissions in New York State, of which approximately 70% comes from private vehicles. In the Hudson Valley, like much of the State (except New York City), most residents own a car. This culture of car dependency is integral to extensive highway networks, poor mass transit infrastructures and the land use patterns of the suburbs â&#x20AC;&#x201C; all of which contribute to high carbon emissions. DRIVE-LESS LIFE proposes a hybrid system that reduces the emissions, in a pilot study in Poughkeepsie. There are three key methods: 1. A shared shuttle system with flexible stops and schedules replaces existing buses and enables better service. This is supplemented with an experimental system of shared autonomous electric vehicles. 2. New and expanded bus stops integrate social programming to bolster transit use. 3. The elevated section of Route 9 near the Train station is removed and the area redesigned as a new street with a mix-use development that better fits the city.
See the projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s video here: https://vimeo.com/380166505
63
Master plan 5
Church Chur
5. 4
Mixed-use Developments Mix-use Developments
4. 3.
2
Slope ParkSlope
3
2.
6
6.
7. 1
7
1.
8
8.
11. 8 8. 10
10.
13
13.
9.
9
11
11.
88.
8
1. Poughkeepsie Station
8.
2. Poughkeepsie Plaza
10.
3. U.S Route 9 4. Slope Park 5. Footpath to Fall Kill
8
6. Bike Station 7. Bike Lane 8. Mix-use development 9. Church Park
12
10. Street Front 11. Street Tree 12. Highway Park 13. New Commercial Street N 1
64
1.2 miles
12.
8
Park
Bike
h Park rch Park StreetDevelTrees Mix-use
U.S. Route 9 Mixed-use Developments
New Commercial Street New Commercial Street
Lane e Bike Lane
Street TreesTrees Street
Poughkeepsie Plaza Poughkeepsie Plaza
Poughkeepsie Station Poughkeepsie
Station
65
Better Bus Stops Pilot Site 1
Pilot Site 2
Pilot Site 3 Improved Bus Stops Pick-up Spots Pedestrian Friendly Street 5-min-walk radius
Pilot Site 1
Pilot Site 2
66
There is only a sign next to the road in the existing stop, even no pedestrian ways. We proposed new walkway and zebra crossings, and combined cafe, waiting room and green space to the stop.
This bus stop is in the Poughkeepsie transit hub, where the traffic is relatively busy, making it unsafe for pedestrians to walk. We reorganized the site, enabling people to walk through the whole site. A fast food restaurant is also planted in the waiting hall.
Pilot Site 3 For this site, the existing bus stop is next to the maplewood apartments, which is a low-income community. A large portion of the residents could not afford to have a private car, thus the mass transportation is rather important to their daily lives. However, the existing stop is an old small glass pavailion, both the condition and the accessbility is poor. A giant parking lot is right next to the stop, making it more friendly to drivers rather than pedestrians. We improved the walkablity as well as the accessbility of the site, integrated a deli and a waiting room to the bus stop, and repurposed part of the existing parking lot to grocery store, community library and community garden.
f
d
e g
c
b
h
a j i
l
k
a. Improved Bus Stop(With Deli) b. Grocery c. Community Library d. Community Garden e. Dining Hall f. Playground g. Walkway Connecting the Neighborhood h. Bicycle Parking Area i. Front Square j. New Pedestrian Way k. New Bicycle Lane l. New Zebra Crossing
67
PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTION
68
NAL SYSTEMS
69
70
A SENTENCE REWRITTEN Aasiya, Zhen Hua, Yuan Qin, Alvi Khan
The Green New Deal focuses on three primary goals: the eradication of carbon emissions, the expansion of justice, and the provision of jobs. In the Hudson Valley, the criminal justice system ranks poorly in all three measures. Prisons in the Valley, like many across the country, have become inhumane compounds that affect prisoners and their families, and are the second most carbon-intensive public buildings after hospitals. Sing Sing Correctional facility in Ossining is a maximum-security prison just outside New York City. The facility has transitioned from coal to oil to supply its energy needs still emitting over 30,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide per year. Sited on the banks of the Hudson River, Sing Sing is vulnerable to flooding as sea levels rise. And Sing Sing remains a walled fortress, cutting off the community from the River. A SENTENCE REWRITTEN addresses the goals of carbon, justice, and jobs, and demonstrates that Sing Sing can become a community asset, an educational facility, and a low-carbon facility.
See the projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s video here: https://vimeo.com/380152586
71
SITE SITE PLAN PLAN
PROTECTIVE PARK THICKENED WALL
CONNECTING SPACES
70 72
72
BOUNDARIES HOUSING RETAIL
PUBLIC
OFFICE
ACCESS
EMPLOYEE HOUSING ELEVATOR
RETAIL
PUBLIC SPACE
PUBLIC SPACE
ACCESS POINT
73 71
CONNECTOR
PUBLIC CIRCULATION PRISONER CIRCULATION
MORNING
AFTERNOON
FAMILY RE-
ART CENTRE
EXHIBI-
AXO
72
74
WATERFRONT FLOOD-
0m 0m 0m
2m 2m 2m
1m 1m 1m
WETLANDS + OYSTER PARK
law n
co co mm comm mm erc erc erc ial ial ial
co co mm comm mm erc erc erc ial ial ial
law n law n
sk ate
pla pla pla gro y- gro y- gro yun un un d sw d swd sw po immipo immi po im law ol ol minng ngol ng wa wa wa wa ste wa stewa ste tre ter tre tertre ter atm atm atm en en en t t t
law n
law n law n
sk sk ate ate pa pa pa rk rk rk
law n
law n
ENERGY GENERATION + SITE DEVELOPMENT
water treatment water treatment lawn water lawn treatment commercial lawn commercial skate park commercial skate park pool swimming skate park swimming pool retaining wall swimming pool retaining wall retaining wall
OBSERVATION RETAIL CAFES
WETLANDS
PARK MEMORIAL
BERM
OYSTER
75
73
HEALTH CARE IN THE HUDSON VALLEY USA
E E
EMISSIONS
10%
E E
E E EEE EE
E
E E EE E
U.S.A. HEALTH SECTOR
E
health care se rvic vide es pro
EEE E E
E
pollute environment
E EEE E
E EE E EEE E E
E E
HIGH CARBON FOOTPRINT
Health Care Facilities
E
Patients
more need for health care services
ne
ed
for he
s a lt h c a r e
E E E EE E E E EEE E E E EEEEE E E E E E E EE E E E
E
erv
ic e
E
E
E EE E
E
bia
Colum
Greene
60m
in
E E
not preventive
58.4%
E 60min
Inaccessible healthcare
1 : 1,860
1 : 950
s
k health care se see rvic n’t es do
LACK OF ACCESSIBILITY (PHYSICAL + MONETARY)
E E
E
E
1 : 2,790
E E E E E
E
15
30min
Serious Illness/Disorders
1 : 2,030
m
in
EE ce
f
or
d
E
more spending for cure
to
see
k m o r e h e a lt
re h ca
se
r vi
ce
s
E
E EE E E E E
E E
HEALTHCARE SYSTEM CARBON EMISSIONS 4%
54.2%
Patient transportation
12%
Building energy Gas, heating & cooling
3%
Other primary industries
3%
Waste treatment
5%
Pharmaceutical and chemical products
8%
Other sector & services
SYSTEM RETROFIT
E
EE E E E E
16%
38.1%
E
E E
E 9%
Agriculture
E
E E
E
E
E
E EE
E
42.5%
43.7%
E E
E 11%
13%
Other manufacturing
Anesthetic gases and metered dose inhalers
E E
EE
84%
E
Legend
E
46.1%
E
Hospital Primary Care County Boundary Urban Density
Median Household Income 112 - 3075 3076 - 8439
76
8440 - 19986
Energy for production of plastic and electrical equipment
E
E E
E
PATIENT PREVENTIVE HEALTHCARE
E
32%
E
E
E
E
EE E E
30.7%
E
E
EE
E E E E E E E E E EE E EE EE E EE E E E E E EE EEE E EE E E E EE E E E E E
19987 - 41245 41246 - 74413
Source: Healthcare’s climate footprint, noharm.org, 2019
0
84% CO2 comes from Health System supplies
Source for Vacancy - Hudson Valley pattern for progress http://www.pattern-for-progress.org/ Source for Physician to Patient ratio - Healthy Capital District Initiative (HCDI)
5
10
20 Miles
GOALS: LOWER THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ELIMINATE THE HEALTH DISPARITIES
DISPERSING WELLNESS Mansoo Han, Niharika Shekhawat, Shailee Shah, Ting Zhang
The healthcare industry accounts for 10% of the greenhouse gas emissions in the United States and 9% of non-GHG pollutants. Globally, Pollution is associated with 9million premature deaths. The very same system to ensure our health and well-being is contributing significantly to the growing public health challenge presented by global warming. In the Hudson Valley, dispersed settlement patterns shape the health-seeking behavior of most people, and residents travel as much as 1.5 hours one way for basic health services. At the same time, many hospitals in the Hudson Valley have a high vacancy rate for bed space. Side by side, the healthcare landscape in the Valley is inefficient, unhealthy and carbon costly. DISPERSING WELLNESS reorganizes healthcare service delivery focusing on Greene and Columbia Counties. Small, healthcare modules in small towns and villages throughout the region – with regular schedules by medical professionals – provide wellness care for the needs of the rural populations as well new community spaces. In parallel Kingston’s HealthAlliance Hospital is reprogrammed as a hub of this system of modules and providing for more community-based health and social needs. See the project’s video here: https://vimeo.com/380161906
77
PROGRAM TRANSITION OFFICE 3F 84,750 SQFT
MAIN HOSPITAL 6F 58.4% VACANCY 134,500 SQFT
PARKING 3F 67,000 SQFT RESEARCH CENTER 2F 17,200 SQFT SERVICE BUILDING 1F 18,500 SQFT
STEPPED GREEN ROOF
HOSPITAL 3F 55,400 SQFT HOSPITAL 3F 18,450 SQFT HOSPITAL 2F 9,500 SQFT
ORIGINAL PROGRAM
DOUBLE CARE CENTER DAY CARE & FAMILY CARE 17,200 SQFT
COMMUNITY PAVILION TRAINING, PUBLIC KITCHEN, TELEHEALTH OFFICE 18,500 SQFT
PROPOSED PROGRAM
POCKET WINDOW
CHILDRENâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S PLAYGROUND
COMMUNITY PAVILION TELEHEALTH CENTER COMMUNITY GYM TRAINING CENTER PUBLIC KITCHEN
78
COMMUNITY PAVILION
HOSPITAL AS PARK
E SKIN FACADE
COLUMBIA MEMORIAL HOSPITAL HUDSON, COLUMBIA COUNTY
79
CL
GE
AV E
RM
RA
AN
VA L
TO
CK
WN
AT IE
PH
WI
ND
ILM
ON
HA
T
M
RURAL AREA MODULAR SHED
4’
2.5’
2.5’
3’
3’
8 X 8 X10ft Column - 12 2 X 6 X 8ft Panel - 300 2in X 36in Plain Steel C-channel bar with 1/8 in - 30 I beam - 3
2’
1.6’ 1’ 0.5’
80
PUBLIC PROMENADE
STOREFRONT HEALTHCARE
WE
ST
GE
TA G
AN
TO
AN
IC
GR
CH
RM
HK
WN
AT H
AM
EE
RO
NV
UN
ILL
E
D
TO
P
PRATTSVILLE, GREENE COUNTY
al pit
to
e Sh
d
os
lH oria
Co
bia
m Me
lum
SHED AS A LIVING ROOM
81
HEALTHCARE CENTER
FOOD SYSTEM IS RESPONSIBLE FOR 25% OF CARBON EMISSIONS
MEAT AND DAIRY
ACCOUNT FOR 14.5% OF THE CARBON EMISSIONS
NEWBURGH ENLARGED CITY SCHOOL DISTRICT
Public School Locations
Food Desert Zone
0%-27% Students Having Free / Reduced-Price Lunch 28%-46% Students Having Free / Reduced-Price Lunch 47%-95% Students Having Free / Reduced-Price Lunch
82
FOOD DESERTS & LOW-INCOME SCHOOL DISTRICTS
What’s on your plate? Food as Knowledge Annie Wu, Moneerah Alajaji, Vasanth Mayilvahanan, Wei Zhang
Access to fresh produce is clear goal for communities seeking improved public health, and a lower carbon footprints. Yet these same communities face food insecurity, that is, a diet of processed fatty foods and high-fat meat products that are lower in cost, travel a great distance and are available in stores and fast food outlets. The Hudson Valley’s Orange County is among the highest consumers of meat despite its being home to many produce farms. In Newburgh, onethird of the population consists of diverse and largely poor school-age children, most of whom are food insecure. WHAT’S ON YOUR PLATE aims to change diets of the next generation as a way of influencing a larger shift to low-emission diets. It redesigns the food system to provide fresh produce and higher quality food, produced locally, in schools as the basis of health and food pedagogy. Many schools in the United States lack adequate cooking and food prep capacities to provide such meals. Using two schools in Newburgh as a test site, the project creates space for local food producers, school food authorities, students and local residents encouraging a new understanding of food, health and carbon footprints. See the project’s video here:
https://vimeo.com/380164272 A CENTURY OF DIET CHANGE
1,000th McDonald’s restaurant opens
Meat crisis due to decrease in major cow feed-anchovies
Publication of dietary guidelines-associated health impacts
PER CAPITA AVAILABILITY OF BONELESS, TRIMMED MEAT/ lbs per year First U.S. case of mad cow disease
1st McDonald’s restaurant opens
SBA subsidized fast food chains in food desert areas
Policies viewing fast food as cheaper alternatives to develop low-income areas
83
NEWBURGH CITY
HIGH SCHOOL 3217 (TWO SCHOOLS COMBINED) NEWBURGH FREE ACADEMY NORTH
HIGH SCHOOL 3217 (TWO SCHOOLS COMBINED) NEWBURGH FREE ACADEMY
K-5 791 GAMS TECH MAGNET SCHOOL
K-5 SOUTH MIDDLE SCHOOL
MIDDLE SCHOOL
512 HORIZON ON THE HUDSON
729 CENTRAL KITCHEN SATELLITE SCHOOL HIGH POPULATION DENSITY INTERVENTION AREA TRUCK ROUTE
ONLY 1 IN 10 CHILDREN IN THE US
consumes the recommended daily dose of fruits and vegetables
1 IN 5 PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS
offers meals from fast food places like Taco Bell and Pizza Hut
1 IN 10 ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS also does the same
Students who regularly eat school lunch are
30% MORE LIKELY TO BE OBESE than other kids
84
NEWBURGH SCHOOL DISTRICT
SYSTEM RECONSTRUCTION
SATELLITE SCHOOLS STAKEHOLDERS: NATIONAL FUNDING
USDA NATIONAL SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAM
STATE FUNDING
CENTRAL SCHOOL KITCHEN
USDA FARM TO SCHOOL GRANT PROGRAM ((AT LEAST 51% PRODUCE WITHIN STATE)
STAKEHOLDERS: NATIONAL FUNDING
USDA NATIONAL SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAM
STATE FUNDING
USDA FARM TO SCHOOL GRANT PROGRAM ((AT LEAST 51% PRODUCE WITHIN STATE)
EARTH INSTITUTE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY
LOCAL FARMS
HUDSON VALLEY FOOD HUB INITIATIVE
STAKEHOLDERS: LOCAL NGO FOR FARMERS
HUDSON VALLEY YOUNG FARMERS COALITION
USDA INITIATIVE TO PROVIDE FUNDINGS KNOW YOUR FARMER
MARKET KITCHEN CORNELL CO-OP EXTENSION ORANGE COUNTY TO DEVEL OP THE KITCHEN LOCAL PRACTITIONERSTO HELP EMPLOYMENTFOR THE COMMUNITY ORANGE COUNTY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
EDUCATIONAL GARDEN COMMUNAL DINING SNAP BENEFITS FOR THE COMMUNITY TO BUY FOOD
CHILDREN STUDENTS DURING SCHOOL TIME
DOWNING PARK PLANNING COMMITTEE CALVARY PRESBY TERIAN CHURCH USDA FARMERS MARKETLOCAL FOOD PROMOTION
COMMUNITY DURING HOLIDAYS - CACFP USDA SUMMER FOOD SERVICE PROGRAMS (STATE LEVEL)
DAILY & SEASONAL PROGRAMS
GARDENING
training training
85
CENTRAL KITCHEN: NEWBURGH FREE ACADEMY & GAMS TECH MAGNET SCHOOL
DINING SPACE CENTRAL KITCHEN LEARNING GARDEN WET STORAGE DRY STORAGE PACKAGING SPACE
COMMUNITY CIRCULATION STUDENT CIRCULATION TRUCK CIRCULATION
86
SATELLITE SCHOOL: HORIZON ON THE HUDSON MAGNET SCHOOL
COMMUNITY CIRCULATION STUDENT CIRCULATION TRUCK CIRCULATION
DINING SPACE CENTRAL KITCHEN LEARNING GARDEN WET STORAGE DRY STORAGE PACKAGING SPACE
87
SUBURBAN LIVES
88
89
Sprawl, CO2 Emissions & Potential Natural Connections in The Hudson Valley sprawl 1920’s
city STREETCARS
“slum growth” 1st great migration
1930’s new deal
1950’s
FHA loans
federal highway act
red lining+blockbusting
“urban renewal” 2nd great migration
gentrification
NOW immigrants rental backed securities
housing bubble + 2nd gen suburbanites
GDP INDEX TARGET
+
CO2 Emissions p/Household Sprawl Selected site Water Bodies Built Environment
90
N
These Routes Are Made For Walking Yile Xu, Jaime Palacios, Kunal Mokasdar, Lino Caceres.
The suburbanization of the New York region has benefited many but, at the same time, has consisted of narrow policies, financial incentives, and ecosystem blindness that can no longer be ignored. Sprawl has been a major contributor to carbon emissions, enabled by automobiles (and trucks) and single family houses. Suburbs have not proved to be the haven they were supposed to be. The Green New Deal offers a framework to redirect resources and policies and create an entirely different social and physical context for daily life. THESE ROUTESâ&#x20AC;Ś remakes the carbon emitting landscape of sprawl near the famous Woodbury Commons in Orange County. The project updates existing infrastructures to reduce carbon emissions, connect communities and enable diverse commuting and movement patterns. New and existing land use guidelines protect land, create opportunities for green corridors joining formerly disconnected communities and enable new forested and open public spaces. The project evolves over time, as more paths are built, as people chose alternative mobilities, and as new green and open spaces become cherished community amenities.
See the projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s video here:
https://vimeo.com/380163656
91
01 EXISTING DISCONNECTION Woodbury
TO MIDDLETOWN
LAST TRAIL EXIT END OF TRAIL
ACTIVITY NODES ARE DISCONNECTED BETWEEN THEM AND WITH MOST OF THE SITE.
port-jarvis rail existing trail
closed trail existing sidewalks existing nodes
Monroe
sprawl vacant lands
1 mi
wetlands water bodies
N
02 WHY DO WE PREFER CARS? OBSTRUCTED SIDEWALK
ABSENT SIDEWALK
PEDESTRIAN EXPOSURE
LAWN DOMINANCE
PRIVATIZED LEISURE
W
W
M
W
W
W
M
W
W
M
W
M
W
W
M
M Monroe W woodbury
03 SPRAWLâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S LAND USE
79
%
80
%
69
%
44
%
LAWN IS THE MOST POLLUTING CROP DUE TO PESTICIDES WATER USAGE AND MAINTENANCE MACHINERY.
sprawl
housing footprint water bodies lawns
92
04 PROPOSED NETWORK Woodbury
NEW CENTERS
HERITAGE TRAIL
RESIDENTIAL TRAIL SIDEWALK
NEW CENTER HARRIMAN STATION BUS ROUTE
PROPOSED PATHWAYS AND NEW CONNECTED NODES, TAKE ADVANTAGE OF EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE TO MITIGATE PERSONAL VEHICLE DEPENDENCE .
A CREEK TRAIL
new nodes
existing nodes port-jarvis rail existing trail creek trail
PRESERVATION
A’
Monroe
sidewalks 1 mi
wetlands N
water bodies preserved lots
05 PATHWAY DIAGRAM NEW PATHS HOST DIFFERENT USES TO INCREASE TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS
roads
water body creek trail bus route bike path new sidewalks 18’ buffer area
4 1/2’ buffer area open public space
06 STAKEHOLDER SECTION LLC
A
A’
PRIVATE PUBLIC PARTNERSHIPS ARE PROMOTED TO ALLOW THE PATHS TO REACH AS MANY COMMUNITIES AS POSSIBLE.
trail creek trail
100 ft 0
sprawl
project site
4 mi
water bodies open public space
93
HERITAGE TRAIL
TRAIL
CAFE BIKE PARKING
CREEK TRAIL
PLAYGROUND
Demolishing Existing Building Reprogramming Intervention
Sidewalk New Construction Existing Construction
BUFFER ZONE
FUNCTIONS Bike Rack
Vending Machine 15â&#x20AC;&#x2122; Resting
WETLAND
94
BIKE STOP
TRAIN STATION BUS PARKING FRESHEN-UP STATION BUS STATION
PARKING LOTS
STORES
SALT STORAGE
WAITING SPACE
TRAIN STATION
Demolishing Existing Construction Reprogramming Intervention
Sidewalk New Construction Existing Construction
WORKING SURFACE TRANSIT Co-working
Reforestation
Bus Stop
Mini Park
Bike Stop
Library
LAND USE Developable Area
Reforestation
Bird
Water body Buffer
PLANTS Elm Tree
Deer Raccoon
Restaurant Cafe
ANIMALS
Fox
Ginkgo Tree
Maackia
Plum Tree
NEW CENTER
PRESERVATION AREA
95
BIG BOX RETAIL IN THE HUDSON VALLEY
Legend
Legend
Selected Site
Water
High Desity Forest
Forest
Medium Density Forest
Impervious Land
Low Density Forest
Built
Consumer Catchment
+
Selected Site
Waterbodies
Big Box Retail
96
Highways
+
Pickup Centers Consumer Catchment Water Catchment
UNBOXED Hala Abukhodair, Scott Guo, Xinuye Liu, Stuti Ganatra
The proliferation of shopping centers in the 1960s, and the highways that sustained them, are now a burden to the social and ecological landscape of the suburbs. Forests were cleared and streams and ponds were canalized, if not covered over, to enable these places. In particular, the emergence of big box store complexes has continued to shape settlement and landscape patterns which today yield ever-increasing carbon footprints. UNBOXED reimagines the spatial and social systems in and around the City of Newburgh to change the flows of commerce, distribution of goods, and the ecological flows of the region. The Big Box complex is disassembled into smaller parts, its ecosystem connections restores and, in the City, new systems of goods sales and delivery re-assert streets and stores as viable social places. Consumption in and outside of the city might be complementary.
See the projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s video here:
https://vimeo.com/380156155
97
Site Map
Key Map
City of Newburgh Stewart Airport
Legend Selected Site Water
st
t
Washington Lake
Forest Impervious Land
+
Built Pickup Centers Consumer Catchment Water Catchment
Existing edge conditions of water bodies and big box stores
98
Design Goals
Pickup Center System
Hybrid bus+truck Big Box store
Bus stops in urban centers Display for environmental updates Waiting area for bus Pick up booth Trashbin Shaded area for unloading
Cargo bike Suburban neighbourhood
Gas stations near suburban areas
Site Strategies TOPOGRAPHY & HYDROLOGY
WATER MANAGEMENT
CIRCULATION
PROGRAM AND USE
Warehouse Warehouse Transit Hub
C C
C
A
Community Forum
C
Reseach Center
B B B
A A
A
Botanical Garden
A
B
A A
A
A
A A A
A
B A B
Contour
A Delay
Wetland Island B Resist Watershed Bioswale
C Store New Wetland
Contour
Waterflowdirection
Highway
Main Pedestrain Trails
Water Runoff
Stormwater points
Main Road
Secondary Padestrain Trails
Watershed
Built Fabric
Bus Driveway
Plaza | Plantform
Clayey Soil
New Wetland
Parking Lot
Built Fabric
ViewPoint
Wetland Trails
Rest Area
Native plant viewpoint
Plantform Reprogram
Preserved Building
New Fabric
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Master Plan
Ecological Strategies
1. Elevated Walkway
6 2
2. Terrace Edge
5 2
3 2
3. Detention Wetland
4 2 4. Retention Wetland
Bioswale
5. Rain Garden
Main Pedestrain Trails
Secondary Padestrain Trails Plantform | Bridge Plaza 2 6. Dry Creek
Dry Creek Perennial Garden Meadow
1
Wet Meadow Rain Garden Marsh Shrubland Hardwood Forest New Wetland
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New Retail Strategy
Community Forum
Transit Hub
Botanical Garden
Pickup Center in Downtown Newburgh
101
FARMS AND FORESTS
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GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURE
TROY ALBANY
NTY BIA COU COLUM96 MTCO2 69,8
5,881 MTCO2
5,384 MTCO2
25%
HUDSON CATSKILL
DEVELOPED LAND
5,273 MTCO2
5,255 MTCO2
SAUGERTIES
KINGSTON
17%
AGRICULTURAL LANDS
MTCO2
NEWBURGH
4000-4999
5000-6000
POUGHKEEPSIE
2000-2999
3000-3999
BEACON
98%
1000-1999
NEW CITY
Diversity of Farms
YONKERS 0
Other
0.189M Tons
Agr icu ltu
ral s
29 .6M
BT on 5.2 7
oil 67.8
%
Em
iss
Agriculture GHG Emissions
%
15
.2%
16
To n
s
s ion iss Em
k toc t es re en Liv anu gem M na a M 1%
Tons
s
All other GHG Emissions
40 Miles
HV 0.64% EMISSIONS BY TYPE
sion
s
s To n 0B 37 .1
io ns iss Em
ns
Emis
20
M To
206
8.905B Tons
104
NYS 4%
8.24M
s BT on
USA 9%
1.7 8
GLOBAL 24%
10
1-999
FAMILY OWNED FARMS
ion
s
Migroculture German Bahamon, Claudia Kleffmann, Nina Lish, Nina Ndichu,Angus Palmer.
Industrialized agriculture in the US is dramatically out of sync with the long term sustainability of land and the well-being of the people it is designed to feed. Instead of a system that entails chemicals and genetic manipulation, Regenerative Agriculture works with nature. Its practices rebuild soil, which leads to increased carbon storage, less need for nitrogen and herbicides, less erosion or flooding, healthier water systems, and, most important, healthier food. Part of a healthier farming system actually depends on livestock, appropriate pasture rotation and diverse crop management, all crucial to keeping land healthy. MIGROCULTURE is a spatial system of negotiated and shared arterial routes for livestock in Columbia County. An easement system connects paddocks and harvested cropland so farmers can share land and develop social networks. Livestock are rotated through the trail and paddocks to regenerate the land and sequester carbon. Local Main Streets, schools, and recreational opportunities are part of the new route system to create new audiences for the re-imagined landscape. See the projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s video here: https://vimeo.com/380154441 Multistrata Agroforestry Tree Intercropping Silvopasture
Managed Grazing
Regenerative Agriculture Temperate Forests NET ZERO
BENEFITS OF RESILIENT FARMING PRACTICES
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MIGROCULTURE
Ichabod Primary, Middle and High School
VALATIE AND KINDERHOOK CASE STUDIES
A
Passive recreation opportunities
Regenerative food distribution
B
Training and networking
Research Farms Public Institutions
INSTITUTIONAL OPPORTUNITIES
2 Animal Hospital
No Till Harvested Cropland Livestock Pastures
Livestock Crops
CONNECTING FARMS
Ease of animal transport Resource Sharing
Farmer 1 Farmer 2 Farmer 3 Farmer 4
RURAL COLLABORATION
Kinderhook Valatie
Towns Rail Roads
CONNECTING TOWNS Creek setback/buffer
Finding the “Path of least resistance”
Rivers & Creeks
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History Museum
1
Kinderhook Library
Savings in livestock feed
NATURAL SYSTEMS
Little League Art School
0
0.275
1.1 Miles
A
Community Theater Pre School Valatie Town Clerk
4 Mobile Home Park
3 FARM + INSTITUTIONS
C Research Farm
B
VALATIE MAIN STREET
C
TRAINING CENTER
107
Shelterbelt - Silvopastures Pasture - lane
Crossing at creek level
Shared path Resting/activity area
Creek access
1
2
CREEK - WALK
CREEK - CROSSING
3
Opportunity to sell, exchange or share produce or resources
Low maintenance materials Closer to urban areas the path can change its character to a more formal path
PICNIC MARKET: SHOP AND EAT
BIKE STATION: REST AND PUMP
A JUST TRANSITION ECONOMIC MODEL TOP DOWN FUNDING
A new Co-operative is established to manage Regenerative Network
$
ADD POULTRY
EDUCATIONAL WORKSHOPS
SELL FARM MACHINERY
FARMERS PARTNER
TRANSITIONING FARMER INDUSTRIAL FARMER NEW FARMER Gate System Pedestrian Path Pasture lane Alley crop lane Crops
PLANNING AND INVESTMENT EARLY AGROBUSINESS RETURNS
Livestock pasture TODAY
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TRANSIT
PLAN AND COMMEN
Alley crops Pasture lane
Cross-country skiing opportunity
Shelterbelt - Silvopasture Pasture lane
Pedestrian path
4
REGULAR SECTION
PATH - CROSSING
WINTER RECREATION
PATH DESIGN Multipurpose shelters for farmers and shepherds Seating areas and bike stations located along the path Shared livestock path when required
FARMER SHELTER: HOLDING AREA MAINTENANCE JOBS AND NEW CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS CONSTRUCTION AND TRAINING DIVERSIFY ASSETS
$
INSTITUTIONAL BIDDING AND PARTNERSHIP
CARBON CAPTURE INCENTIVES SILVOPASTURE AND ALLEY CROPS
INCREASE HERD/FLOCK
$
PROFITS UP +30%
$
$
ROI MET
$ NITROGEN TAX PENALTIES
ROAMING FARMER
TION
NCE CHANGES 1 YEAR
GROWTH AND RETURNS
PATH IMPLEMENTATION AND TOP DOWN FUNDING YEAR 2
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Forest Linkage and Sections
N N 110
Carbon Sequestration Menghan Zhang, Tian Hao, Kuan-I Wu, Eleni Stefania Kalapoda
A tree is a carbon machine that can store huge amounts of carbon. Writ large, reforestation is a cost-efficient, nature-based means of offsetting carbon emissions while also contributing to a vast new social infrastructure. Currently, 74% of the Hudson Valley is forested yet frequently this forested land is fragmented by urban development negatively impacting biodiversity and species migration. CARBON SEQUESTRATION is a long-term plan to reforest and reconnect forests in the Kingston region as a case study for the larger region. Placing new tree nurseries and planting areas on previously industrial sites, a renewed and more connected forest landscape will create a regional carbon sink â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a huge environmental as well as recreational asset. Beyond the trees, however, the reforestation project entails considerable management and maintenance over time, including planting, harvesting, grounds work, and potential for research and innovation in the timber industry, all creating a vast array of skills and jobs for local communities.
See the projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s video here: https://vimeo.com/380159938
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112
113
114
115
THANK YOU Dan Almasi, Columbia County Mental Health Robert William Balder, Cornell AAP Nancy Barton, Prattsville Art Center (Greene County) Thomas H. Benton, Lawyer Kingston Land Trust Gabe Berlin, Newburgh Transportation Advisory Committee Micah Blumenthal, Good Work Institute Jesse Brown, Hudsy TV Ellie Burhans, Hudson River Maritime Museum Kevin Burke, Hudson Valley Greenway Initiative David Church, Planning Commisioner Orange County Brendan Clemente, Bonded Concrete Jean-Paul Courtens, Roxbury Farm Pat Courtney-Strong, Activist, Kingston Mike Cotrone, Bonhomie Farm Miles Crettien, CommonShare.app Paul Daley, Hudson River Maritime Museum Dennis Doyle, Planning Ulster County Jonathan Drapkin, Hudson Valley Pattern For Progress Tony DiMarco, Global Center for Social Entrepreneurship Network Tom Eberhardt, Bastoy Prison (Norway) Bob Elliott, Hudson River Greenway Julia Farr, Kingston Land Trust Evelyn Garcia, Lenox Hill Neighborhood House Iona Gitt-Henderson, Churchtown Dairy Anthony Grice, Newburgh Council Robert Glowacki, Horizon-on-the-Hudson Magnet School Robert (Roman) Haferd, Restorative Justice Coordinator, District of Columbia Paul Halayko, Newburgh Brewing Company Laura Hartmann, Town of Ulster Citizens Kristina Hayek, NY State Parks/Bear Mountain
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Naomi Hersson-Ringskog, Newburgh Transportation Advisory Committee Paul Hesse, Community Development Coordinator, City of Poughkeepsie Liana Hoodes, Newburgh Urban Farm and Food Leon Johnson, Lodger Newburgh Virginia Kasinki, Newburgh Urban Farm and Food Martin Kirk, NOVO Foundation Evelina Knodel, Mass Design Group Chris Kroner, Mass Design/ Poughkeepsie Gabe Landes, Cottonwood Energy Barbara Lee, A River of Opportunities Abdus Miah, Supervisor, Columbia County 2nd Ward, City of Hudson Otto Ohle, Film Maker Claire Parde, Columbia County Community Healthcare Consortium, Inc Michael Parker, Hudson Valley Young Farmers Jeffrey Potent, Columbia University, The Earth Institute Lee Ranney, Kinderhook Farm Rebeca Ramirez, Cold Spring Cheese Shop Anna Remet, Kingston Resident Ezra Ritchin, The Bail Project (USA) Bryn Roshong, Hudson Valley Young Farmers Ari Rosmarin, ACLU Smart Justice Campaign Jennifer Schwartz Berky, Planner, Ulster County Rita D. Shaheen, Scenic Hudson, Poughkeepsie Matt Shepard, Stone House Grain Michael Shiffer, Metro North/MTA Andrew Shrijver, Newburgh Property Owner Darius Sollohub, New Jersey Institute of Technology Conor Stedman, Appleseed Permaculture Kevin Sylvester, Chief of Ossining Police Michele Washington, Design Researcher June Williamson, Spitzer School of Architecture CUNY Evelyn Wright, Commonwealth Hudson Valley
117
Columbia GSAPP Urban Design Class of 2019
Š 2019 by the Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York Contributions Š the Authors All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be used or reproduced in any manner without the written permission of the publisher, except in the context of reviews. Every reasonable attempt has been made to identify the owners of copyright. Errors or omissions will be corrected in subsequent editions. This publication has been produced through the Urban Design Program, and the Hudson Valley Initiative at Columbia University GSAPP.
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