Joud Al Shdafat '20 MArch Columbia GSAPP

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A LABYRINTH FOR INFORMAL PUBLIC INTERPLAY

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, GSAPP MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE, 2020 CANDIDATE: JOUD AL SHDAIFAT

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A RECONFIGURATION OF URBAN SPACE THROUGH GROUND REDEFINITION

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NOVEL FORMS OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE INTERACTION

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MALLEABILITY AS A VEHICLE FOR COMMUNAL REMEMBRANCE

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27 / IN [ X + Y = REFORMULATING ] THE PUBLIC REALM CREATION OF A COMMUNITY WATERSHED

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39 / IN [REDEFINING (verb)] THE PUBLIC REALM INFORMAL INTERGENERATIONAL UNIVERSITY

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TABLE OF EXPLORATIONS X No. 1

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A LABYRINTH FOR INFORMAL PUBLIC INTERPLAY

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A RECONFIGURATION OF URBAN SPACE THROUGH GROUND REDEFINITION

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NOVEL FORMS OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE INTERACTION

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21 / EXPOSITION OF IDIOSYNCRASY

MALLEABILITY AS A VEHICLE FOR COMMUNAL REMEMBRANCE

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INFORMAL INTERGENERATIONAL UNIVERSITY

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This catalogue of architectural explorations began by positing an abstract question of personal intrigue: how much can space be stretched? That is, to what extent can we transform space (either by adding to it, or reorganizing it) to introduce new and different public uses within a singular architectural body? Simply put, what types of different public uses can be brought together to harmoniously coexist so as to add to, rather than subtract from, social cohesion?

The question was inspired by Michel Foucault’s notion of “heterotopias” - physical approximations of utopias. The mirror’s reflection is the utopia: an unreal, “placeless” place.

The mirror itself is the heterotopia: the device that enables the utopia to exist. In my explorations, the device is architecture. The heterotopia is both real and unreal, both “here” and “there”: it has sufficient physicality to be real, but does not actually exist since its reflection is unreal. The same way that the mirror in Foucault’s conceptualization acts as a tool that, when manipulated, facilitates multiple spatial relationships, architecture can act as an analogous device that allows for spatial multiplicity: multi-functionality in a single space.

Ultimately, the goal was to construct multi-functionality as a means of enhancing social cohesion. The project concluded with the ultimate experiment: the construction of a utopia.

Thus, by curating these mono-functional experiences in a multi-functional space, the aim was to reinforce the mono-functionality of each, while pushing the envelope of architectural standards forward. In other words, the challenge in bringing together several mono-functional spaces and re-imagining them into one cohesive structure is ensuring that their spatial qualities are not lost amidst the constructed multi functionality.

This approach towards creating “new space” was two-fold, namely : (a) producing new space by fusing together different types of spaces and (b) dichotomizing existing space and re-organizing it around one shared element.

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LOST AND FOUND A LABYRINTH FOR INFORMAL PUBLIC INTERPLAY 14th Subway Station, New York Core I, Fall 2017 Critic: Carrie Norman

New York City is notable for its dynamism, and the urban fabric of the city is designed to ensure efficiency and routine. Moving from point A to point B is straightforward. This proposal challenges such directness through the process of inversion, distortion and surprise.

The term ‘lost and found’ here signifies the losing and finding of one’s self through the process of getting from the sidewalk to the subway platform. The excavated space on both sides of 14th Street will encourage people to detour and get lost. The spaces in this labyrinth will function predominantly as informal spaces: a performance area, public seating, or even a pop-up coffee shop.

Site Plan

Transformation of existing sidewalk The entrance into the station from Avenue A and 1st Avenue are on opposite ends of 14th Street.

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Plan Intervention

Addition of space through carving The intervention involves a linear path from street level down to the subway platform. A bridge links the diagonal paths when they are parallel in the Z direction.The bridging space functions as a book share.

Experiential Vignettes

Views of the activated labyrinth space This innervation gives the wanderer the opportunity to get lost and be surprised. Whether it is through the labyrinth or the bridge connecting the two linear paths, New Yorkers will have the choice to escape, explore, and enjoy.

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East-West Section

Redefining the sidewalk functionality Section showing the sequence of entrances down the linear path lead to the informal labyrinth. The labyrinth is occupied with continuously changing activities. The sidewalk becoming more than a transient urban feature.

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Peel-away Section

Bridging the existing and the new space Section showing the sequence of entrances down the linear path lead to the informal labyrinth. The labyrinth is occupied with continuously changing activities. The sidewalk becoming more than a transient urban feature.

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LEISURE UNDERPASS A RECONFIGURATION OF URBAN SPACE THROUGH GROUND REDEFINITION Brooklyn Bridge, New York, United States Core I, Fall 2017 Critic: Carrie Norman

This intervention is intended for the near future when New York Cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s population will have grown exponentially and when all the parks in the city will have been transformed into housing. The leisure underpass provides the public with space for leisure - directly underneath the Williamsburg Bridge. That directness of movement which exists on the bridge is challenged by juxtaposing the intervention underneath the bridge. Here, a space for leisure is defined as a unique environment which diverges from from the one experienced on a daily basis (physical escape), is spacious, is conducive to different types and different levels of activity, and constitutes a place where people can gather, unplug, and slow down.

Experiential Perspective Entrance View

The entrance from Manhattan is accessible through a series of ramps and stairs.

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Roof Plan

Courtyard buildings and the street The placement of the six buildings create a visual and physical path in the X and Y direction. The intersection of these axes sits the community center - the heart of the project and the neighborhood.

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Focused Plan A

Focused Axonometric A

Moving up and down the underpass is done through ramps. Certain moments, such as the entrance, the ramp is paired with stairs

The interventionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s flexible infrastructure, scaffolding, creates various pockets of spaces at different levels and scales.

Roof plan of the Manhattan Entrance

Peel-away axon of plan A

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Focused Plan B

Focused Axonometric B

Patterns highlight the various scales of space. Depending on where one is in the underpass, the path forward can be predicted.

Smaller more quiet spaces are towards both edges of the intervention, facing the river. The slide provides the visitors an aquarium like moment.

Activation of informal activities

Peel-away axon of plan B

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Triptych Elevation Filling the space between the bridge and the ground results in a unique urban experience for various informal activities

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POROUS COURTYARD NOVEL FORMS OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE INTERACTION West Bronx, New York Core III, Fall 2018 Critic: Hilary Sample

This housing project explores the idea of public and private spatial amalgamation through the integration of a series of outdoor spaces. At the center of this block is a public plaza and a community center. Six courtyard buildings surround the central plaza. The units within each building are designed to provide three different types of outdoor spaces: a central courtyard, a roof scape, and a personal yard. The act of staggering the units up, down, in and out, creates various degrees of privacy and is conducive to the emergence of intimate outdoor spaces.

This design proposal blurs the boundaries between the individual, their neighbors, and the street. In essence, the courtyard becomes an extension of street activity.

In collaboration with Ericka Song.

Massing Diagram

Initial public and private exploration Massing studies on the scale of the unit, and aggregated to unpack their spatial conditions and limitations on the scale of the building.

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PRIVATE POROUS POROUS Conceptual Study Models

Relationship of public and private This was done through a conceptual study of porosity compromised of four modules: private (unit), semi-private (private terrace), semi-public (community center), public (courtyard).

PUBLIC

Conceptual Iteration Degrees of porosity

The arrangement of the four modules create various spatial conditions which guide the design process. The spatial conditions were translated into massing studies on the scale of the unit, and aggregated to unpack their limitations on the scale of the building

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Unit Evolution Live, work, play

Unit A synthesized the most important qualities of the earlier massing studies, creating a porous and flexible unit arrangement.

Unit B and Unit C are a smaller version of Unit A.

Unit Transformation

Creating degrees of porous space The offsetting the three types of units from one another results in an A and B Module, which then is multiplied.

Module Configuration

Two modules: A & B

Two unit groups which insures access to a personal yard without losing privacy.

Module Aggregation

Multiple modules: A + B + A + B The aggregation of Group A and Group B is the basis of the unit arrangement in all six courtyard buildings.

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Circulation Axonometric Accessing unit vs courtyard

The axon highlights the circulation and outdoor space. The units are arranged to provide three different types of outdoor spaces: central courtyard, roof scape, and personal yard.

Roof Plan

Courtyard buildings and the street The placement of the six buildings create a visual and physical path in the X and Y direction. The intersection of these axes sits the community center - the heart of the project and the neighborhood.

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Axonometric A

Axonometric B

Axonometric C

Designed for a small family, this two floor unit has private parking and direct access to the building courtyard. Unit A is 1,078 sq ft.

Designed for young adults, this two floor unit has its private terrace and designated space for working from home. Unit B is 576 sq ft.

Designed for elders. This unit has an outdoor patio and a working space. Unit C is 539 sq ft

Two-bedroom unit

One-bedroom unit

One-bedroom unit

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Central Courtyard Corridor

Central Courtyard Corridor

Community Center Interior

Plan

Degree of porous courtyards Plan drawing highlighting the different types of courtyard spaces, building access to the community center, and the entrance/ exit of the underground parking.

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North-West Section

Summer vs Autumn Courtyard Activity

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North-West Section

Summer vs Autumn Courtyard Activity

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Unit Interior

Exterior corridor facing

Unit Interior Courtyard facing

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EXPOSITION OF IDIOSYNCRASY MALLEABILITY AS A VEHICLE FOR COMMUNAL REMEMBRANCE DUMBO, New York Core II, Spring 2017 Critic: Karla Rothstein

The Library of Liminality is a space that exhibits and digitally archives human possessions â&#x20AC;&#x201C; articles by which one would like to be remembered or of which one is proud. Liminality, the quality of ambiguity or disorientation, is expressed by physically transforming the visitors route through the design of an interior, which represents the elements of malleability.

These qualities of malleability were explored through a series of conceptual models which experimented with force, density, and tension that induces matter to transform. Physically translating the threshold of malleability disorients and surprises the visitor as they progress through the designed space.

Formal Study of Malleability Operative drawing

Initial 2D translational of transformation and the space created as a result.

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Formal Study of Malleability Physical vs Visual Transformation

The physical transformation of wire through the density of the thread wrapped around the wire. The tension causes the wire to transform in different directions, creating space that can be occupied. Light studies of the conceptual model where done to understand the consequence density has on the spatial experience of the space.

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Roof Plan

Sun light analysis Site plan analyzing the amount and quality of light the building would get. This was a crucial analysis in ensuring that both programs work efficiently side by side.

Model

Facade transformation The physical transformation of the facade controls the amount of light entering the building throughout the year.

Model

Facade prototype Zoom in of the building facade which will function as display space, seating, window, or a room.

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Diagrammatic Plans

Experiential transformation The spatial transformation translated to from the conceptual models to the building scale.The physical transformation happens incrementally as one goes up the building altering the experience.

Building Axonometric Vertical circulation

This shows circulation within the building and the three outdoor conditions. The ground floor outdoor space connects the two streets.

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THIRD FLOOR PLAN

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Formal Study of Malleability As a thickened facade

Through the transformation of he facade of the building, push the limits of a facade beyond an envelope, but a space within itself.

Plan

Third floor The transformation of the space, the thickness of the building facade, and the lightness of the courtyard facade. can be seen in this drawing.

These two facade, and their interaction with light add to the experience of transformation.

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Formal Study of Malleability Operative Drawing 2

Revised 2D translational of transformation and the space created as a result.

Longitudinal Section Extending the sidewalk

The library responds to the topography grade change by ramping up the ground floor and flattening the courtyard. An exterior path from the courtyard goes straight to the main rooftop space. The change in floor to ceiling height up the building also contributes to he experience of transformation.

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URBAN WATER CHARITY CREATION OF A COMMUNITY WATERSHED Newburgh, New York ADV IV, Spring 2019 Critic: Ziad Jamaleddine

Al Ikhlas Mosque occupies a generic warehouse structure, and serves a growing ethnically diverse Muslim community. With the Mosque strategic location next to Quassaick creek, and given Newburgh current water crisis, we propose to establish an urban water charity center (Sabil) for the city of Newburgh, a social-welfare program in the Islamic faith tradition. The project then sets to harvest the abundant rain water through manipulating the topography of its site, and with partnering with neighboring sites in order to increase the surface area capacity. The terrain manipulation is triggered by the dispersion of the mosqueâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s (current) socio-religious program across the landscape. Conceived in sync with seasonal and religious (Ramadan) cycles the project land-formation is phased over a ten year period. The new water mosque slowly undoes the existing lot-bound structure and re-assembles it across the new water territory while creating multiple semi-outdoor spaces. Through new architectural and landscape elements the mosque extend the use of outdoors by blocking wind, creating shade in warm season, and trapping heat in colder season. The Muslim community finds its new form of visibility to the city of Newburgh as a productive and generous landscapearchitecture, away from the traditional dome and minaret architecture.

In collaboration with Munise Aksoy

Site Plan

Ground transformation Through manipulating the topography, the terrain was transformed with consideration to the seasonal and religious cycles of Al Ikhlas Mosque and the neighboring partners.

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1986

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Regional Mobility

Shift in type and scale of space The congregation began at the religious leaderâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, Imam, house. As they grew in numbers the community began congregating at different locations. These locations, interestingly, change in type of space and scale, shifting from domestic, to commercial, back to domestic, institution and even outdoors.

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1988 SUMMER

URBAN SCALE: OUTDOOR

Regional Mobility

Downing Park Congregation This is a key moment where the community became visible for the first time. They brought their prayer mats and blankets with them and created a picnic like atmosphere visible to the city. The conclusion drawn from this research and our knowledge on Muslim communities is that architecture is irrelevant to the community and its rituals. It is the community itself that is of centralized importance.

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Existing Multipurpose Space Spatial allocation of program

The multipurpose space which covers only 20% of the building is most utilized while the remaining 80% Religious space is underutilized on an average day.

This multipurpose space is interesting because it also ties the community with the city and their partnerships.

Depending on the event, such as blood drives, celebratory days, family dinners and more, the space is divided by a curtain to be either segregated, semi segregated, or non segregated.

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Design Provocation Urban Occupation

The design was driven by a historical moment where the community first became visible at Downing Park.

By reconstructing the activities that happened in this urban condition (also happening at the mosque); we proposed adapting the current architecture to accommodate these events on an urban scale. Rather than demolishing the building, a re-purposing and fragmenting approach was taken. Programmatically, eliminating the discrepancy of utilized to underutilized spaces and reverse this percentage was necessary. In addition, the goal is to lead the community outdoors as they were at one point meeting in Downing Park.

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Yearly Site Activity

Partner/Religious/Agriculture Cycles As a non-profit organization, the institution runs on community cooking for these events. There is no reliance on mass produced food.

In fact, there is a small garden on-site supplying about 20% of food needs for events.

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Neighborhood Scale

Potential water collection Partners

Water is also an essential element, yet is problematic in Newburgh due to pollution. With the siteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s proximity to the Quassaick Creek nearby we are interested in generating a way to collect water on site to be used for not only food but also a ritual cleansing done before prayer. Yet is water is problematic to our location because Newburghâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s water is currently polluted because of the nearby airport.

We are aiming to see if we can enlarge our square footage of water collecting by creating a new map that links us to, and strengthens our relationship with our partners, including those that the community currently is not partnered with but where we see a potential for relations such as with a nearby recreation center, a day care and churches.

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PHASE 1 October 2019 Digging Pool Around Mosque

PHASE 2 November 2019 Closing Washington Terrace + Collecting Water from Partners

PHASE 3 February 2021 Expanding Agriculture + Fragmenting Social Space

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PHASE 4 March 2023 Outdoor Mosque

PHASE 5 April 2025 Constructing Alternative Multifunctional Space

PHASE 6 April 2027 Converting Mosque into Filter Machine

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Immersive Urban Perspective Urban Water Charity

Imagining the already present environmental, social, religious, and programmatic dynamism of the mosque by turning it into an urban water charity. Through fragmenting the mosque and integrating the use of water to our program - a self-sufficient community is created, turning the site into a porous urban water charity that invites diverse communities within Newburgh.

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Outdoor Mosque + Tree Nursery Summer Activity

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Outdoor Mosque + Tree Nursery Winter Activity

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RURAL RENEWAL INFORMAL INTERGENERATIONAL UNIVERSITY Ca単averuelas, Madrid ADV VI, Spring 2020 Critic: Juan Hererros

The village of Ca単averuelas in Cuenca, is symptomatic of the shrinking and isolated state of rural Spain. The New Main Square proposes an educational and architectural framework that taps into the importance of informal education as a strategy for re-positioning Ca単averuelas The new typology re-organizes the small village, creating new town squares, and re-uses existing materiality. The aim of the work is to enhance the public life of Ca単averuelas through the creation of new forms of building for new forms of education. A network of buildings supporting multi-generational teaching and learning.

In collaboration with Allison Fricke + Ian Lee

Macro Plan

Regional Analysis of five villages

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Map Of Region

Intervention Site The village of CaĂąaveruelas in Cuenca, Spain is symptomatic of the state of rural Spain. Reservoirs, absence of bridges, and car dependency magnify the physical isolation. Additionally, there is irregular access to education - the nearest school is 20 minutes driving in the village of CastejĂłn and the nearest university is an hour away.

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Density Analysis Population Decline

The physical isolation had a number of effects include a shrinking population. The population shrank from 256 in 1996 to 132 in 2019.

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Re-positing Opportunity

Traditional Linear Educational Model The traditional linear model of education begins in required K-12 formal education, and data reveals that relatively few employed adults in Spain have university degrees. Conversely, informal education is very prominent.

Re-positing Strategy

Intergenerational Educational Model The proposed alternative educational model that taps into the importance of informal education and serves this rural region of Spain. The proposed model is a network of buildings supporting multigenerational teaching and learning, from formal K-12 schooling and university, to informal education embedded in flexible spaces.

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Open Space Map

Analyzing the type of open space The available open spaces in the village, bounded by the surrounding agricultural land, meant that an intervention could radically shift the village organization.

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Proposed Intervention

Expansion by adding social nodes The proposal expands and redistributes social nodes more evenly and inclusively across the village. Two key axes and an organizational grid inform the architectural proposal, connecting the chaotic peripheral and dense urban centers.

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Existing Village Conditions Analysis of existing buildings

Existing vernacular buildings as a framework for the intervention.

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Existing Village Conditions

Analysis of available / used materials Material availability as a palette for the intervention.

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Program Diagram

Fusing formal + informal space The driving concept is an interweaving and interconnection of programs. Community flex spaces, co-living facilities, flexible classrooms, and gathering spaces are interspersed with traditional educational programs, including libraries, athletic fields, art studios, an auditorium, cafeteria, and administration offices.

Intervention Typology 1 Wrapping around existing

Intervention Typology 2 Taking over existing

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Library Courtyard

Highlighting intervention qualities The elongated buildings wrap around existing structures, and sloped roofs funnel circulation from exterior to interior.

Library Courtyard

Highlighting material qualities Fixed program interweaves with flexible spaces, leading to varied cladding strategies -- operable doors on the ground floor of the cafeteria, for instance, or terra-cotta panels for privacy and thermal comfort in co-living buildings. The small-scale co-living buildings adapt pitched roof geometries of existing structures.

Library Courtyard Dispersion of program

Key interior moments are revealed in this axon to highlight the dispersion of the education program within the building cluster and the relationship between interior program and cladding. The library archive, for instance, makes use of the opacity and thermal properties of terra-cotta, while interior gathering spaces and flexible classrooms are paired with lightweight corrugated metal and glass pivot doors.

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Focused Plan

Considering the ground + the existing New courtyards frame programmatic connections, offer gathering spaces, and sequence pedestrian movement through the village.

In plan, while the new buildings are not actually connected to one another, their physical presence and programmatic relation frame spaces for static and dynamic circulation.

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Library + Gym

Existing interweaving Library rooms interweave through the building cluster, breaking down typical program divisions through integration with classroom and flexible space.

Cafe + Auditorium Plan Existing take-over

The cafe restaurant frames a small courtyard, creates multi-level dining space, and takes over an existing building with the kitchen.

Admin Plan

Existing enhancement The administration building and a classroom building meet in an existing agricultural warehouse, converted to flex space.

Co-Living Plan

Semi existing take-over The cluster of co-living homes takes over the existing buildings for common kitchen and living room.

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Interior Perspectives Flex space versatility

Flexible interior spaces can serve multiple uses, such as intergenerational discussions, learning, making, and of course, parties!

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The cafeteria opens onto the new main square. A wall of pivoting glass doors makes the whole ground floor permeable. The theater entrance wraps around and partially inhabits the existing building, as well. Grade changes and operable walls create multi-axial transparencies.

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The library building illustrates the principle of weaving through sectional divergence and convergence. A slope from grade level down to a triple-height gathering space intersects with the library, which occupies an existing building for book storage and ramps up from below grade.

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Courtyard Perspective Exterior Flexibility

The new courtyards support informal gatherings as well as formal gatherings (such as festivals, concerts, etc).

University Entrance Exterior Perspectives

The entrance to the Universidad Intergeneracional de CaĂąaveruelas is framed by the Administration building to the left and the cafe to the right. The tree-covered courtyard, followed by the library and dorms in the background, illustrates the layering of buildings and courtyards.

Library Interior Interior weaving

A bridge over the triple height interior courtyard connecting library spaces underscores the connectivity at the heart of this project.

Roof Perspective Rood Accessibility

The roofs can even be used as extensions of the landscape: for plantings, gathering, and even painting en plein air!

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TERRA-VITTA THE TECHNOLOGICAL SUBLIME OF HOMEOSTATIC AGRICULTURE New York, NY ADV V, Fall 2019 Critic: Marc Tsurumaki

Extreme weather events have had disastrous effects on American agriculture, reducing the ability to farm outdoors. These factors have resulted in extreme food insecurity, and thus the need for a new form of agriculture. Population is still growing; as the sea level continues to rise, leaving less and less of Manhattan inhabitable, urban centers densify and the cost of property at higher elevations skyrockets. The wealthiest population of Manhattan migrates uptown, to higher ground, causing mass gentrification. A prototype for a new sustainable urban agriculture, as an updated version of the American Utopias of the mid 1850â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, and the Architecture of Closed worlds popular in the 1960â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s is designed, in which inhabitable space fills the former voids left for light and air, with agricultural production serving as a buffer between home and an increasingly uninhabitable outside world.

In collaboration with Kate McNamara

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In response to these conditions, a new zoning resolution passed in 2035 appends the definition of Historic Preservation to state that Historic Sites cannot be preserved responsibly without also aiding in the conservation of local populations. The resolution re-zones Manhattan in terms of flood risk levels, and Mandatory Agricultural Production, or MAP zones.

Advancements in farming technology to meet higher yield needs, has had detrimental effects on the land and climate, causing increased land infertility, displacement of local species, and a rise in greenhouse gas emissions, worsening the effects of climate change.

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The location for the first prototype is selected, between 155th and 156th St and Broadway. This site has maximal sun exposure, with Trinity Cemetery to its South and Southeast.

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Plan

Green Buffer A structural grid provides a framework for the spaces, creating an interplay between structure and infrastructure, and allowing for variability and adaptability to meet the changing needs of those who live there. A gradient of spaces from private to public, arranged within the agricultural spaces, creates degrees of porosity, and opportunities for the emergence of new types of spaces and programs

Alphabet Modules Inside is Outside

The design re-defines what is inside and outside. Based on an inversion of typical alphabet housing typologies in New York, the housing fills the voids once left for light and air, and the surrounding space is filled with vertical aquaponic agricultural production, providing a buffer between living spaces and an increasingly uninhabitable climate.

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Geothermal Section 61

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Composting Section 62

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Ultimately, a historic campus is converted to a technologically sublime space for agricultural production. A lush, green, homeostatic, semiutopian society provides food and resilient shelter for future unstable climate conditions.

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