visitors. Foreign visitors were far more common in Munich (37%) and Trier (28%) than in Berlin (5%). Munich is clearly the most globalized of the three cultural destinations, with 53 % of foreign visitors coming from outside western Europe, compared with 17.5% in Trier. Munich is firmly established as part of the modern ’Grand Tour’ of western Europe, whereas Berlin is still striving to re-establish its touristic centrality following unification. &8/785$/ 7285,60 '(0$1'
Successive surveys by the Studienkreis fĂźr Tourismus (1983-1991) indicated that the proportion of German tourists whose main motive for travel was cultural remained around 7%- 8% of all tourists between 1983 and 1991 (see Table 9.1). Separate surveys carried out on forms of holidays between 1991 and 1993 also indicated that the level of participation in cultural trips remained at similar levels to previous years (Lettl-SchrĂśder, 1994). Cultural tourism has not therefore grown as a proportion of all German tourism in recent years, but the overall growth in tourist numbers means that the estimated number of German cultural tourists has grown from 3 million in 1983 to 4.6 million in 1991, a growth of over 50%. 7DEOH &XOWXUH DV D PRWLYH IRU WRXULVP
% of tourists stating culture as main motive for travel 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991
7.5 7.0 7.1 8.0 7.7
Source: Reiseanalyse, Studienkreis fĂźr Tourismus, 1983-1991. Apart from these general data on cultural tourism demand, it is difficult to trace the growth of cultural tourism through demand for cultural attractions, as is the case in many other countries. The Federal system in Germany prohibits the collection of comparative statistics at national level. There are, however, a number of organizations which try and compile figures on the use of cultural facilities, such as theatres and museums. In this section we will use these sectoral statistics to highlight major trends in cultural tourism demand in Germany. Theatre in Germany German culture is characterized by a broad spectrum of cultural events. The comprehensive data used in this contribution is based on the annual 7KHDWHUVWDWLVWLN (Theatre Statistics) of the 'HXWVFKH %Â KQHQYHUHLQ (German Theatre Association) in Cologne. Data about theatre in general do not provide information about the development of individual theatres, which may or may not follow the general trends. Trends in Attendance The number of theatre visits in West Germany has been fairly constant at about 25 million a year for several decades. The stagnation in overall attendance seems astonishing as West German society underwent major changes during this period, for example increased mobility, more leisure time, greater interest in environmental issues and the much discussed Greg Richards (1996, ed.) Cultural Tourism in Europe. CABI, Wallingford
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