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Amnesty international and greenpeace netherlands
endnotes
277. Report of the Conference of the Parties to the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal on its eighth meeting (UNEP/ CHW.8/16) available at www.basel.int/meetings/cop/cop8/docs/16e.pdf (accessed 24 October 2011) para 25. 278. BA-NDAW Safiatou, Cellule Opérationnelle de Coordination du Plan National de Lutte contre les Déchets Toxiques, “Synthèse Communication sur la crise des déchets toxiques dans le district d’Abidjan”, 29 November 2006, p8 : “Dispositif d’information. Principe de transparence et d’interactivité avec le cœur de cibles à savoir les populations riveraines des sites de déversement”. 279. The website was at www.dechetstoxiques. gouv.ci indicated by BA-NDAW Safiatou, Cellule Opérationnelle de Coordination du Plan National de Lutte contre les Déchets Toxiques, “Synthèse Communication sur la crise des déchets toxiques dans le district d’Abidjan”, 29 November 2006, p1. 280. BA-NDAW Safiatou, Cellule Opérationnelle de Coordination du Plan National de Lutte contre les Déchets Toxiques, “Synthèse Communication sur la crise des déchets toxiques dans le district d’Abidjan”, 29 November 2006; Conseils et Recommendations, available at www.dechetstoxiques.gouv.ci/pdf/CONSEILS%20ET%20 RECOMMANDATIONS%202.pdf (accessed 13 March 2012). 281. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Côte d’Ivoire, Health Hazard, Final Report, DREF Bulletin, 11 July 2007, p2, available at www.ifrc.org/docs/appeals/06/ MDRCI001fr.pdf (accessed 13 March 2012). 282. For example in mid-September, a UN delegation visiting Akouédo village noted that the local population “clearly asked” “for a public conference of the Authorities to explain to them what exactly is happening and what measures are to be taken.” WHO, Position on Toxic Waste in Côte d’Ivoire, SITREP No. 5, 13 September 2006, p1.
286. Association des jeunes psychologues de Côte d’Ivoire, Assistance psychologique aux victimes des déchets toxiques, rapport de la phase critique de la crise des déchets toxiques, December 2006), p6. 287. WHO, ‘Position on Toxic Waste in Côte d’Ivoire’, SITREP No. 1, 6 September 2006, p1: “BHumanitarian situation – Displacement of families”. “Il a entraîné des déplacements massifs des populations dans les zones fortement adjacentes aux sites de déversement des déchets toxiques tels que Akouédo, les quartiers Lauriers 8 et 9, Génie 2000, etc.“, Plan stratégique national 2006-2009 de lutte contre les déchets toxiques du Probo Koala et leur impact sur l’environnement et la santé de la population, December 2006, p3 288. Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Results of Fieldwork conducted between 9 October 2006 and 28 December 2006, Document 2: Epidemiological Section, pp14-5. 289. Testimonies from victims interviewed by Amnesty in February 2009, including Françoise Kouadio and Chef Motto.
298. Plan stratégique national 2006-2009 de lutte contre les déchets toxiques du Probo Koala et leur impact sur l’environnement et la santé de la population, December 2006, p7. 299. NFI expert report, Ministry of Justice, Nether lands Forensic Institute, 29 January 2007, Odour incident, APS Amsterdam. 300. Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, National Commission of Enquiry on the toxic waste in the district of Abidjan, 15 November 2006, French version, in the annexes the AVR analyses are included dated 03-07-2006. 301. ATM Afvalstoffen Terminal Moerdijk, Analysis of sample 3 July 2006. Report published: 8 September 2006. 302. “Evidence Overview of Amsterdam Port Services B.V.”, E.M. Uittenbosch, City Authority of Amsterdam Fact 1: section 10.37 of the Environmental Management Act, Rotterdam 25 May 2010, l.W. Boogert en R.S. Mackor Public Prosecutors, pp. 20-1.
290. Testimonies from victims interviewed by Amnesty in February 2009, including Chef Motto.
303. Amnesty International English translation of verdict on Trafigura Beheer BV, LJN (National Case Law Number): BN2149, District Court of Amsterdam, 13/846003-06 (PROMIS), para 8.3.3.9.
291. Letter from the Fédération Nationale des Industries et Services de Côte d’Ivoire to the Ministry of Health and Hygiene public, 25 August 2006.
304. This was based on what was measured by ATM Moerdijk as 475,600 mg/l on a sample sent by APS on July 3, 2006.
292. WHO, ‘Position on Toxic Waste in Ivory Coast, SITREP No. 6, 16 September 2006, p1 “Most companies around the port zone of Vridi Canal have been closed”.
305. ATM Afvalstoffen Terminal Moerdijk, Analysis of sample 3 July 2006.For information on flashpoint, see: European Waste Catalogue and Hazardous Waste List www.environ.ie/ en/Publications/Environment/Waste/WEEE/ FileDownLoad,1343,en.pdf.
293. Witness statement of a member of the Collectif des Travailleurs de Vridi, interview with Amnesty International, mission in Côte d’Ivoire in 2009.
283. Testimonies of Rachel Gogoua, Francoise Kouadio, interview with Amnesty International February 2009.
294. BA-NDAW Safiatou, Cellule Opérationnelle de Coordination du Plan National de Lutte contre les Déchets Toxiques Note aux Rédactions Numéro 005/27-09/06-CICG, 27 September 2006, p1. “Prohibition of all activities (farmland, fishing and little commerce) in zones situated next to the zones infected by the toxic waste”, WHO, Position on Toxic Waste in Côte d’Ivoire, SITREP No. 6, 16 September 2006, p1.
284. Conference of the Parties (COP) Basel Convention, Provisional report evaluating the chemical Pollution in Côte d’Ivoire and technical assistance for the protection of the environment and health, Plan of urgent action, plan of medium-term action, Nairobi, undated, p5: “It has been noted through the various investigations that the dumping of toxic waste in highly populated zones had an important psychological impact on the exposed populations but also on the population as a whole. The impact was aggravated by the lack of knowledge on the chemical risks and the consequences of health.”
295. Ministère de la Production Animale et des Ressources Halieutiques, Résumé de la contribution du Ministère de la Production et des Ressources Halieutiques à la gestion de la crise les [sic] déchets toxiques, 16 May 2007, pp9-10. A WHO report notes, “Closure of slaughterhouses around the toxic waste sites. Destruction of farm land located in a 500m perimeter from the affected sites, including all the crops that have been picked since the spill. The government will compensate the farmers.” WHO, Position on Toxic Waste in Côte d’Ivoire, SITREP No. 7, 19 September 2006, p1.
285. Between 19 September and November 2006, 1,974 victims were seen by psychologists. (Source: Association des jeunes psychologues de Côte d’Ivoire, Assistance psychologique aux victimes des déchets toxiques, rapport de la phase critique de la crise des déchets toxiques, December 2006), p5.
296. Plan stratégique national 2006-2009 de lutte contre les déchets toxiques du Probo Koala et leur impact sur l’environnement et la santé de la population, p7. 297. Ministerial note number 1676, 11 September 2006 as cited in Plan stratégique national 20062009 de lutte contre les déchets toxiques du Probo Koala et leur impact sur l’environnement et la santé de la population, December 2006, p7.
306. To test for sediments, they would have had to use specialist sampling equipment (absolute bottom sampler), designed to pick up sediments from the bottom of tanks. The choice of NFI to take a running sample was deliberate as it would give a better reflection of the composition of the waste than the combination of a top, middle and bottom sample. (p9 NFI Expert Report ”Op 3 juli 2006 heeft het NFI (dhr Bakker) de politie (dhr. J.vd Kamp) geadviseerd over de monsterneming, Door het NFI is voorgesteld om, indien praktisch mogelijk, monsters te nemen over de gehele diepte van de te bemonsteren tank (zogenaamde running sample), omdat een running sample in principe een completer beeld van de samenstelling van de lading geeft dan de combinatie van een top,- midden, en bodemmonster. English translation: “On 3 July 2006 NFI (Mr F. Bakker) notified the police (Mr J. vd Kamp) of the sampling exercise. NFI proposed that, insofar as possible, samples should taken from all depths of the tank concerned (so called running samples), because in principle a running sample provides a clearer picture of the cargo’s composition than the combination of a top, middle and bottom sample.” Police officer J. vd Kamp has confirmed to Greenpeace that they did not sample the sediment of the Probo Koala waste, 21 March 2012.