全球綠人憲章 GLOBAL GREENS Preamble

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全球綠人憲章

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原文 2001 年於坎培拉通過 2012 年於達卡更新

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「全球綠人 」是各綠色政黨與政治運動的國際網絡。


目 錄 導 言

全球綠人憲章 原文 1

六大原則

生態智慧 社會正義 參與式民主 非暴力 不犧牲後代的永續 尊重多元

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政治行動

1. 民主 2. 平等 3. 氣候變遷與能源 4. 生物多樣性 5. 以永續原則治理經濟全球化 6. 人權 7. 食物和水 8. 永續規劃 9. 和平與安全 10. 全球行動

CHARTER OF THE GLOBAL GREENS Preamble

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Principles

Ecological Wisdom Social Justice Participatory Democracy Nonviolence Sustainability Respect for Diversity

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Political Action 13 15 17 19 21 24 27 29 31 33

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Democracy Equity Climate Change and Energy Biodiversity Governing economic globalisation by sustainability principles 6. Human rights 7. Food and water 8. Sustainable Planning 9. Peace and security 10. Acting globally 譯註

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59 62 65 68 71 74 76


我們深信 ,人類要以合作為前提─而非競爭─才能保障各項人

導言

權,包括營養的食物、舒適的居所、健康、教育、公平勞動、言 我們,身為地球公民及全球綠人的成員

一致體認 :我們共同依存於地球的活力、多元與美好,而且我們

論自由、乾淨的空氣、飲水與健全的自然環境。

我們認同 環境沒有國界之分;

有責任去維護甚至提昇地球的活力、多元與美好,並傳承予後代 子孫。

奠 基 於 1992 年 的 里 約 全 球 綠 人 大 會 宣 言(Declaration of the Global Gathering of Greens at Rio in 1992);

我們體會 ,現今人類的生產與消費模式,都以經濟成長至上,不

我們主張,人類須徹底改變態度、價值觀、生產和生活方式

惜任何代價,加上揮霍、浪費自然資源,毫不考慮地球的承載力,

我們宣告,新千禧年就是開始改變的決定性時刻

因而造成了環境極度惡化,以及大規模的物種滅絕; 我們知曉,不公義、種族主義、貧窮、無知、腐敗、犯罪、暴力、

我們決心推動一種全面性的永續觀念,此觀念包括:

武裝衝突,以及短視近利,造成人類普遍的苦難;

• 保護及重建地球生態系統的健全,特別關注生物多樣性,以及

我們不容否認 ,已開發國家在追求其經濟和政治目標的過程中, 已經傷害了自然環境和人性尊嚴;

維繫生命的自然進程

• 知曉生態、社會和經濟之間的相互關連 • 平衡私利與公益

我們認為 ,世界上有許多民族和國家,因為長達幾世紀的殖民與 剝削,變得資源枯竭而貧瘠,形成富裕國家虧欠被剝削者的生態 債務;

• 調和自由與責任 • 鼓勵整體中的多元差異 • 設定不違背長期目標的短期目標

我們承諾 ,要縮減貧富間的差距,基於每個人在社會、經濟、政

• 確保後代子孫能和我們一樣有權享受自然及文化的恩澤

治與文化生活各方面皆應平等的公民權利;

我們認同 所有性別必須平等,才能實現真正的民主; 我們關切 人性尊嚴及文化遺產的價值;

我們矢志 ,肩負起對彼此、對更大的生命共同體,以及對後代子 孫的責任;

我們承諾 ,身為全球各地綠色政黨與政治運動的成員,要實踐以

我們認同,原住民的權利及其對人類共同遺產的貢獻;也認同所

下各項彼此息息相關的原則,並建立全球性的合作伙伴關係以協

有少數民族與受壓迫民族保持文化、信仰、經濟與傳統生活的權利;

助實現這些原則。

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六大原則

生態智慧 我們知 道 人 類 是 自 然 世 界 的 一 份 子, 對 所 有 生 命 體 ─無論 是 人 類 或 非 人 類 的 物 種 ─ 我 們 都 尊 重 其 獨 特

六大原則

的價值。 我 們 肯 定 世 界 上 各 原 住 民 族 的 智 慧, 他 們 是土地 及 各 種 資 源 的 守 護 者。 我 們 明 白 人 類 社 會 的 生 存, 必 須 倚 賴 地 球 上 諸 多 生 態 資 源。 因 此, 人 類 必須確 保 生 態 系 統 的 健 全, 捍 衛 生 物 多 樣 性 及 各 維 生系統的復原能力。 要達成這些目標,我們需要: • 學習在地球有限的生態資源和環境下生活 • 保 護 動 物、 植 物, 以 及 由 土 地、 水、 空 氣、 陽 光

等自然元素所維繫之生命本身。 • 了 解 由 於 我 們 所 知 有 限, 我 們 應 審 慎 行 事, 以 確

保地球上各種資源在當代與後代子孫的持續豐饒。

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六大原則

社會正義

參與式民主

我 們 主 張,無論是全球或地方,社 會正義的關鍵在

我們努 力 追 求 的 民 主, 是 所 有 公 民 都 有 表 達 自 身 觀

於 公 正 地 分配社會和自然資源以滿 足人類的基本需

點的權 利, 並 且, 能 夠 直 接 參 與 對 其 生 活 有 所 影 響

求, 並 確 保每位公民在個人及社會發展上,都享有

的 環 境、 經 濟、 社 會 和 政 治 決 策。 如 此 權 力 和 責 任

充分的機會。

將集中 於 地 方 與 區 域 內 的 社 群 手 中, 惟 有 更 高 層 次

我 們 要 聲 明: 沒 有 環 境 正 義, 就 沒 有 社 會 正 義; 而

治理為必要時,才可轉移權力。

沒有社會正義,環境正義也將不存在。

要達成這些目標,我們需要: 3

• 讓 每 個 人 有 權 取 得 所 有 相 關 資 訊, 以 及 受 教 育

要達成這些目標,我們需要:

學習的機會,使每個人都能夠參與並做決策。

• 一 個 公 正 的 全 球 性 組 織 與 穩 定 的 世 界 經 濟, 以 弭

• 打破妨礙參與的財富與權力的不平等門檻;

平 國 內 及 國 際上,日益擴大的貧富落差; 調節富國

• 建 立 鼓 勵 公 民 活 力、 志 願 行 動 和 社 區 責 任 的 草 根

對 窮 國 的 單向資源攫取;免除妨礙貧窮國家發展的

性機制, 在 適 當 的 層 級 下, 能 讓 各 項 決 策 直 接 由 受

外債;

影響的利害關係人做決定;

• 根 絕 貧 窮, 此 為 倫 理、 社 會、 經 濟 和 生 態 上 皆 務

• 透 過 教 育、 鼓 勵 及 協 助 青 年 參 與 各 面 向 政 治 生

必完成的使命;

活,包括參與各種決策團體,強烈支持青年發聲。

• 根除文盲;

• 經 選 舉 產 生 的 所 有 代 表 須 盡 其 所 能 實 踐 透 明、 誠

• 公 民 權 的 新 願 景, 是 建 立 在 所 有 人 無 分 性 別、 種

實、可究責 的原則;

族、 年 齡、 宗 教 信 仰、 階 級、 民 族 或 原 生 國 籍、 性

• 所有的選舉制度皆由法律規定必須透明和民主的;

傾向、身心障礙、財富或健康,皆享有平等權利。

• 在所有選舉制度中,每位成年人都享有平等投票權;

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• 所 有 的 選 舉 制 度 應 該 以 比 例 代 表 制 為 基 礎, 並 以

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六大原則

公 費 選 舉 辦理,而來自企業與私人的捐款和這些選舉 支出,必須受到嚴格控管,完全透明公開;

非暴力

• 在 多 黨 政 治 的 體 系 下, 公 民 有 權 加 入 其 所 選 擇 的 政

黨。

我們宣 告 盡 其 所 能 實 踐 非 暴 力, 並 努 力 打 造 國 際、 國內、 與 人 際 間 和 平 與 合 作 的 文 化, 並 以 此 作 為 世 界安全 的 基 礎。 我 們 相 信: 世 界 安 全 不 能 著 重 軍 事 力 量, 而 應 建 立 在 合 作、 健 全 的 經 濟 與 社 會 發 展、 環境安全,及尊重人權等基礎上。 要達成這些目標,我們需要: • 對於世界安全以全面性的概念取代側重軍力平衡

的 思 維, 優 先 考 慮 社 會、 經 濟、 生 態、 心 理 和 文 化 等面向的衝突; • 一套能夠預防、處理、與解決衝突的世界安全體系; • 藉由了解尊重其他文化、消除種族主義、促進自由、

增進民主與終結全球貧窮,來根絕引發戰爭的起因; • 謀 求 全 面 非 武 裝 化, 包 括 推 動 明 確 保 證 完 全 禁 止

核 生 化 武 器、 殺 傷 人 員 地 雷、 與 貧 鈾( 鈾 廢 料 ) 武 器的各種國際協定; • 強化聯合國作為一個管理衝突及維持和平的全球

組織; • 嚴格管制輸出武器至侵害人權的國家。

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六大原則

不犧牲後代的永續

• 藉 由 確 保 經 濟 安 全、 提 供 全 面 基 礎 教 育 與 健 康 服

務,以 及 讓 雙 親 更 能 掌 控 生 育, 從 而 消 除 人 口 成 長 的因素;

我 們 了 解:在地球生物圈內,人類社會的物質擴張

• 重 新 定 義 跨 國 公 司 的 角 色 與 責 任, 以 支 撐 永 續 發

規 模 有 其 極限; 我們有必要經由永續使用可再生資

展的原則;

源, 與 負 責 任的使用不可再生資源,以維持生物多

• 對投機性資本流動,實施課稅和管制;

樣性。

• 確保各項商品與服務的市場價格完全反映生產和

我 們 相 信: 為了在有限的地球資源下,達成滿足當

消費過程中的環境成本;

代 需 求 而 不 犧牲後代需求的永續,必須盡快停止並

• 提高能資源效益、發展運用環境永續科技;

逆 轉 全 球 消 費、人口、資源不均仍 持續不斷上升的

• 鼓 勵 地 方 盡 可 能 自 給 自 足, 從 而 創 造 有 價 值 且 舒

現象。

適滿意的社區;

我們明白:只要貧窮依然存在,就無法達成永續。

• 認 同 青 年 文 化 的 關 鍵 地 位, 在 其 文 化 中 鼓 勵 永 續

性的風氣。 要達成這些目標,我們需要: • 確 保 富 人 限 制 自 身 的 消 費, 讓 窮 人 也 能 公 平 地 分

享地球的資源; • 重 新 定 義 財 富 的 概 念, 將 重 點 放 在 生 活 品 質, 而

非過度消費的能力; • 建 立 一 套 世 界 經 濟 體 系, 其 目 標 在 滿 足 所 有 人 的

需 要, 而 非 少數貪婪者的欲望;讓 當代人滿足生活 所 需 的 同 時,也不危及後代子孫滿 足其生活所需的 能力;

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六大原則 政治行動

尊重多元 在 個 人 對 群 體 負 有 責 任 下, 我 們 推 崇 文 化、 語 言、 族群、性別、宗教及精神上的多元性。 我 們 捍 衛 每個人都有權不受歧視、享有一個支持其 尊嚴、身體健康與精神和樂的環境。

政治行動

我 們 推 動 在 多 元 文 化 社 會 的 精 神 下, 建 立 相 互 尊 重、 積 極 正面而且負責任的跨越界線與藩籬的關係 紐帶。 要達成這些目標,我們需要: • 承認原住民族對其基本謀生方式的文化權利與經

濟 權 利, 包 含 對 土 地 的 權 利, 與 自 決 的 權 利; 並 了 解原住民族對本國與全球人類文化遺產的貢獻; • 承 認 弱 勢 族 群 有 權 利 不 受 歧 視 地 發 展 其 文 化、 宗

教 及 語 言;並在民主程序中保障其充分參與法律、 社會及文化的權利; • 承認並且尊重性傾向中的少數; • 在 所 有 社 會、 經 濟、 政 治 及 文 化 層 面 上, 平 等 對

待所有性別; • 明 確 納 入 青 年 文 化, 正 因 青 年 文 化 對 全 球 綠 人 願

景大有貢獻,體認青年有其獨特的需求和表達方式。

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政治行動

利,至少包含無線電、社群網路,與電子郵件,並讓使

1.

民主

1.0

今天,世界上仍有多數人生活在不民主的政權之下,

在這些國家裡,貪污腐敗猖獗,踐踏人權、媒體審查屢 見不鮮。已開發的民主國家雖然較少明目張膽的貪污, 但卻有其他形式的不民主,例如:媒體壟斷、企業政治 獻金、從制度面排拒特定的種族、族群、國籍或宗教團 體,選舉制度也歧視非主流的意見,對小黨和新興政黨 有差別待遇。

優先推動從在地到全球,鼓勵並支持草根運動和公民

社會組織,力求打造民主、透明、可究責的各級政府。 1.2

1.7

透過教育、鼓勵及協助年輕人參與各層面的政治活

支持公正、不受宗教教義約束的司法制度,保障人民

答辯權利,刑罰應符合比例原則。 1.8

支持公費選舉,確保所有政治獻金完全透明、公開、

可究責,避免有心或無意所造成的不當影響。 1.9

反對企業控制政府,尤其是剝奪公民的政治參與權。

1.10

支持行政、立法、司法三權分立,以及政教分離。

1 . 11

支持發展與強化地方政府。

1.12

全球綠人要做的是: 1.1

用這些科技的價格盡可能低廉。

重新建構更民主、透明、有效率的政府機構,以達成

公民權力、永續發展的目標。 1.13

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支持全球治理 ,基於一人一票、票票等值的民主原

則,而非未經人民授權的企業利益所宰制。

動,積極支持年輕人勇於發聲。 1.3

力爭性別關係民主化,協助所有性別適當的溝通調

解,促進其平等參與經濟、政治及社會各領域。 1.4

支持經濟合作發展組織(OECD)「打擊國際企業行

賄外國公職人員公約」並敦促非締約國簽署批准,不再 拖延。 1.5

每位公民都有取得官方資料以及享有自由、獨立媒體

的權利。 1.6

力求讓全世界的人都有使用電子通訊和資訊科技的權

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政治行動

將債務減免後所節省之資金用於消弭貧窮和環境保護上,

2.

平等

2.0

今天,世界各地生活水準和發展機會的差距之大,

資金使用過程須透明、可究責,並由相關社群共同參與。

已達到讓人無法接受的程度。第三世界負債創新高,達 三兆七千億美元,但經濟合作發展組織 (OECD) 國家僅投 入其國民生產毛額的 0.31% 來援助窮國。全球最富有的 20% 人口,擁有全球 83% 的收入,而最貧窮的 20%人口 也包含了將近 50%的青年卻只擁有 1%的全球收入,26 億人每天僅靠不到 2 美元維生。全球 60%的窮人是女人。 一億三千萬名兒童從未上過學校,8 億人沒有讀寫能力, 其中三分之二為女性。儘管人口成長趨緩,但世界人口 從 2000 年的 61 億到 2050 年的 89 億,將增加 47%。人類 免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)與結核菌(TB)的感染仍造成嚴重 的問題。

2.5

流行病,尤其是在非洲必須加倍努力,讓當地居民能普 遍獲得低廉、有效率的治療,同時透過教育重建當地經 濟。 2.6

當居民因環境遭破壞或殖民、遷移等人為干預,而失

去其所享有之自然資源—居民有權利獲得補償。 2.7

為了抑制環境濫用,並提供所有人接近使用土地資源

的基本維生權利(特別是原住民社區),應重新探討私 有財產制與其資源壟斷間的關係。 2.8

確保所有性別與年紀的工作者都能在經濟上得到保

障,使其不致因經濟困難,而從事傷害身體之行為,如 色情工作、賣淫或兜售器官等。 2.9

即使在已開發國家,貧窮、遭受邊緣化的人數仍逐漸

增加,因此我們力求讓所有社會都能更公平地分配福利,

全球綠人要做的是: 2.1

共同努力打擊 HIV- 愛滋病、結核病、霍亂等全球性

增加政府對開發中國家之援助,讓最窮苦的人能夠直

接得到幫助,而援助的優先順序應與當地社區共同決定。 2.2

改善女性的權利、地位、教育與政治參與。

2.3

透過增加財務援助及債務減免,力求在 2015 年實現

並創造平等的機會。 2.10

了解現行的金融化新自由資本主義劫貧濟富、危機四

伏,造成更大的不平等。 2.11

捍衛並促進有色人種的人權、社會權與環境權。

優質且普及的基礎教育。 2.4

力求撤銷開發中國家的債務,特別是赤貧國家。鼓勵

15

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政治行動

3. 3.0

氣候變遷與能源 氣候危機是全球社群面臨的最大挑戰,卻也是人

類 重 新 思 考 如 何 在 地 球 生 態 資 源 限 制 下, 過 符 合 社 會 公 義 生 活 的 最 佳 時 機。 全 球 綠 人 承 諾 致 力 於 限 制 全 球 升 溫 不 超 過 攝 氏 1.5 度( 工 業 革 命 前 平 均 水 準 ), 而 全 球 溫 室 氣 體 排 放 量 應 早 於 2020 年 前 開 始 下 降, 才

3.7

住 民 賴 以 生 存 的 命 脈, 也 富 藏 動 植 物 資 源, 以 任 何 人 類任何生命尺度來計算都無可取代—因此我們致力於 2020 年前停止毀林與人為造成的原始林劣化。 3.8

推 動 多 樹 種 而 非 單 一 樹 種 的 造 林, 造 林 除 了 是 短

期碳封存措施,還為環境帶來其他好處。 3.9

推 動 非 再 生 能 源 稅, 利 用 所 課 得 的 稅 金 增 進 能 源

效率及發展再生能源。

有可能達成此一承諾。

3.10

支 持 有 關 使 用 永 續 性 能 源 的 研 究, 與 研 發 友 善 生

態的發電。

全球綠人要做的是: 3.1

基 於 原 始 林 是 地 球 上 最 富 含 碳 的 生 態 系 統, 是 原

盡 速 達 到 將 大 氣 中 二 氧 化 碳 的 含 量 限 制 在 450ppm

3.11

西方國家迄今排放大量的溫室氣體應付出的經濟

代 價 包 括: 以 免 費 或 最 低 成 本 的 原 則, 促 進 各 國 建 立

6

的目標 。 3.2

致力支持全球經濟迅速轉化為零碳經濟。

3.3

致力於建立一個針對跨國企業國際排放量的資訊

高能源效率的科技,及綠色電力的基礎設施。

揭露系統,並與全球碳稅及全球環境承載力相連結。 3.4

力 求 確 保 開 發 中 國 家 能 夠 取 得 最 有 效 率 的、

永 續 的、 適 當 的 技 術, 特 別 專 注 於 再 生 能 源, 並 且 同 意 簽 署「 氣 候 變 遷 協 定 」(Climate Change Convention),以確保這項行動是全面性與全球性的。 而公平原則必須是氣候變遷談判與措施的核心。 3.5 3.6

反對增加任何核能發電,並力求儘速全面廢核。 禁止探勘與開發新興石化燃料。

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政治行動

4.

生物多樣性

4.0

健 全 的 生 態 體 系 對 人 類 極 為 重 要, 然 而 我 們 似 乎

忘 記 了 自 然 界 和 人 類 社 會 間 的 聯 繫。 自 從 有 人 類 以 來, 物 種 滅 絕 的 速 率 比 以 前 快 了 100 至 1000 倍, 全 球僅剩下 20%的原始林未受人類侵擾,80% 的魚種已 經 耗 盡 或 面 臨 濫 捕 危 機。 外 來 種 動 植 物 和 疾 病 的 入 侵 正 急 遽 增 加, 工 業 和 農 業 發 展 不 僅 造 成 了 生 物 棲 息 地 的 破 壞 與 物 種 的 滅 絕, 更 加 遽 了 氣 候 變 遷、 全 球 不 平 等, 以 及 破 壞 原 住 民 的 文 化 與 生 活 方 式。 農 業 的 單 一 作 物 市 場 化( 農 業 企 業 化、 基 因 改 造、 自 然 資 源 專 利 化 ), 正 威 脅 著 本 地 動 植 物 的 多 樣 性, 並 且 急 遽 降 低

4.4

受 影 響 的 原 住 民 和 當 地 社 群 的 協 議 須 符 合 此 概 念。 將 此概念融入受影響的原住民和當地社群。 4.5

推 動 修 復 遭 受 損 害 的 自 然 環 境, 清 理 全 球 軍 事 與

工業區中過去和現在的有毒場址。 4.6

減 少 貨 物 的 全 球 運 輸, 並 盡 量 在 地 生 產, 以 減 少

消耗化石燃料與溫室氣體排放,也能降低「生物入侵」 的風險。 4.7

力求在每個教育階段推廣全球性的生態課程。

4.8

建 立 國 際 環 境 法 庭, 專 責 審 理 環 境 破 壞、 損 害 生

物 多 元 性 等 案 件, 企 業、 國 家、 個 人 都 可 能 成 為 此 類 案件的對象。 4.9

物種對疾病的抵抗力。

支 持「 以 取 消 外 債 交 換 自 然 保 護 」 的 概 念, 而 與

拒絕將生命專利化及商品化。

全球綠人要做的是: 4.1

強 烈 反 對 會 破 壞 環 境 的 工 業 與 農 業 發 展, 致 力 保

護 原 生 動 植 物, 使 其 得 以 在 自 然 棲 地 生 存, 並 力 求 棲 地大而完整。 4.2

廢 除 破 壞 環 境 的 補 貼 及 獎 勵 政 策, 如 伐 木、 開 採

化石燃料、築壩、採礦、基因工程與單一作物農業等。 4.3

推 動 綠 色 採 購 政 策, 對 於 像 木 材 這 類 的 產 品, 必

須由具公信力的機構,以最嚴格的生態永續標準來認證。

19

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政治行動

5. 以永續原則治理經濟全球化 5.0

今天,世界前 100 大經濟體中,其中 53 個是大企業。

這些企業與政府共謀之下產生出的法律制度,將漫無節 制的經濟活動置於公共利益之上,保護企業的福利,卻 損害社會的福祉,讓國家經濟屈從於全球金融大賭局, 任憑其每天的投機交易金額超過三兆美元。而全球金融 危機對全球所有經濟體都增添了波動與不安,尤其是對 最貧窮的個人、團體與國家更形嚴重。而國際貨幣基金 (IMF)和世界銀行非但沒有解決問題反而更加重危機, 此二機構所建立的前提並不適合創造一個永續而公平的 全球經濟體系。

力的單一機構,以推動全球永續發展。而世界貿易組織 (WTO) 也應受此機構的決策所規範。 5.3

其會員資格和決策過程民主化,讓運作遵從永續原則和 所有關於人權、勞動權及環境保護的國際公約。 5.4

表有權參與。此外,其權力必須分立,將糾紛解決機制 從該組織獨佔的管轄權中分離。採取任何新進程之前, 必須對先前的談判回合做永續性衝擊的評估。 5.5

反對依 WTO 規則所訂定的區域性貿易及投資協定,

但支持能夠確保人民福祉及環境永續的國家結盟或區域 整合。 創造一個全球性的經濟環境,讓金融機構和經濟組織

扶植、保障各項環境永續計劃,這些計畫將支撐各個層

全球綠人要做的是: 堅持生活必需品,例如水,必須維持公眾擁有並由公

眾掌控;而文化、獲得食物的基本權利、社會和公共健康、 教育,以及自由的媒體,都不該成為受國際市場合約支

級的社群(地方、區域、國家和國際 )。 5.7

支持成立「世界環境組織」(WEO),將聯合國環

境總署(UNEP)、聯合國發展計畫(UNDP)、全球環

要求環境、勞動條件及健康方面的國際協定,優先於

所有國際貿易的規定。 5.8

配的商品。 5.2

支持徹底改革世界貿易組織,將永續發展為其核心目

標,並建立透明化、民主化的程序,使受影響社群的代

5.6

5.1

支持徹底改革世界銀行和國際貨幣基金(IMF),使

實施托賓稅 及其他機制,抑止投機性國際貨幣交易,

鼓勵投資實質的經濟活動,並設立基金促進公平的全球 發展。

境基金(GEF)等組織合併,成為擁有資金和執行制裁權

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政治行動

5.9

要求企業遵守其母國及子公司所在地之環保、勞工和

社會法規,並擇其最嚴格之法規為標準。 5.10

確保每個全球性組織,尤其是有能力制訂國際貿易規

則的組織,堅守永續性的發展的原則,並進行有關文化 變遷的訓練計劃,以實踐該永續的發展。 5.11

6.0

人權 對人權和自由的否定往往伴隨貧窮和政治無力者。數

百萬人遭受歧視、威嚇、強制羈押、暴力和死亡。過去 三年,全球有四分之三的政府曾使用刑求。

要求企業的福利與社會福利同樣需要透明化與究責,

以資助方式來逐步淘汰破壞環境和社會的活動。 5.12

6.

支持發展社會企業,推動在地的社區經濟,以對抗經

濟全球化造成的社會孤立與排擠問題。

全球綠人要做的是: 6.1

支持世界人權宣言、國際經濟社會及文化權利公約、

國際公民與政治權利公約、國際勞工組織協定,以及其 他維護權利和自由的國際性措施。我們相信這些權利是 普世價值且不可分割的,各國政府皆有責捍衛之。 6.2

譴責所有獨裁體制和否定人權的政權,不論其政治主

張為何。 6.3

與在地社區合作,促進人權的覺醒,確保「聯合國人

權委員會」及其他締約國有充分的資源來實踐。 6.4

呼籲在《世界人權宣言》中,納入促進健康的自然環

境,以及跨世代的自然及文化資源等權利。 6.5

擁護女性自主的權利,包括以女性採用適當方式的自

主生育權,免於歧視和恐嚇;支持《消除對婦女一切形 式歧視公約》 (CEDAW) ,呼籲非簽署國盡快簽署及批 准,並敦促已簽署國排除但書。

23

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政治行動

6.6

支持原住民的自決權、土地權,以傳統方式的狩獵、

式的權利,以及同性戀關係的平等權。 努力改善身心障礙人士在社會上平等生活和工作的機

漁撈維生的權利,使用人道與生態永續的技術,並支持

6.16

原住民設立和運作自己的國際法人。

會,包括實質的政治參與。

6.7

支持以聯合國《原住民權利宣言》作為原住民所能接

6.17

支持語言弱勢族群有使用其語言的權利。

受的最低保護標準,並支持原住民設立和運作自己的國 際法人。 6.8

要求刑求者為其行為負責,並在國際刑事法庭審查小

組審理前,應先設法使其在本國或他國接受司法審判。 6.9

反對以刑求、懲罰或其他傳統或宗教形式的肢體殘

害,毀傷個人身體髮膚。 6.1 0

要求全世界廢除死刑。

6.11

呼籲各國政府保證所有尋求政治庇護者,不論是國家

暴力或獨立武裝團體的受害者,皆能按 1951 年《日內 瓦 難民權公約》得到善待,獲得公正的審核,不會遭受強 制拘留,且不會被遣返回該國家(其基本人權可能遭迫 害,或有面臨死亡、刑求或其他不人道待遇之風險)。 6.12

呼籲禁止集體驅除出境。

6.13

支持所有勞工有權利得到安全、待遇合理的聘僱,以

及組織工會的自由。 6.14

保障兒童在成長過程中免於工作的權利,建立童工和

青少年工作者的最低年齡限制。 6.15

要求同性戀除罪化,支持男女同性戀有選擇其生活方

25

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政治行動

直接影響的人們合作,阻止對河川的破壞,包括:新建

7.

食物和水

7.0

全球有數億人營養不良,原因不在食糧不足,而是無

大型水庫和灌溉工程,及集水區毀林。

法公平使用土地和水資源,以及沒有公平的信貸和市場 交易。基因改造作物並非解決之道,因為最迫切的問題 不是糧食生產不足,而是分配不均。此外,基改作物會 對環境、小農和消費者造成難以承受的風險,也會破壞 生物多樣性,而生物多樣性才是我們對抗農業災害最佳 的保障。不論地表水或地下蓄水層,水資源都陷入逐步 匱乏的惡性循環。集水區毀林造成災難性的山崩和洪水 報應,沙漠化及土壤劣化的範圍也正迅速擴大。而急速 成長的有機農業則帶來一線生機。

7.5

作,致力減少土地劣化。 7.6

用必要的資源,務求將該公約國內法化。 7.7

支持和提倡有機農業。

7.8

呼籲全球禁止商業化種植基因改造作物。

7.9

制訂嚴格的生產、儲存和銷售規範,以確保食物安

全。 7.10

取得生活所需的乾淨用水乃是一項基本人權,反對讓

水資源和相關基礎建設私有化。 取消除社福津貼之外的用水補貼,讓水資源使用更有

果時應採預警原則。

確保地表水和地下水資源的質與量受到保護,並制訂

合理價格,以充分保護水資源,避免耗盡。 7.4

逐步淘汰所有難以分解、具有生物累積性的人造化學

7.1 2

禁止使用動物生長激素,嚴格法令管制對動物施用抗

生素。 7.13

努力讓所有動物在繁殖、運輸及屠宰的過程是以人道

對待,並保障動物福利。

效率。 7.3

力求讓科學研究以符合道德的方式進行,應用研究結

物質,並消除一切排放至環境中的有害化學物質。

全球綠人要做的是:

7.2

對遭受嚴重沙漠化和毀林的國家表達關切,並要求尚

未受害的國家批准聯合國《防治沙漠化國際公約》,動

7.11

7.1

在氣候變化劇烈的乾旱和半乾旱地區,與在地社區合

7.14

致力於落實適當的調適措施,以確保改善水土流失、

水患與其他環境災害。

穩定集水區和健康的河川系統至為重要,我們將與受

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政治行動

8.6

8.

永續規劃

8.0

不論如何衡量,工業化國家都消費過度,這也是造成

支持符合生態永續的商業、住宅、交通、廢棄物管理、

公園、都市綠地、公共空間等地區規劃,並建立管道連

環境惡化的主因。而新興工業國增加消費也明顯提高了 生態的壓力。 轉型為綠色經濟──模倣自然生態的運作, 以再利用與回收的方式減少廢棄物,著重能夠改善生活 品質與人際關係的經濟活動,而非鼓勵消費──將承諾 能帶來就業機會、低污染產業、更好的工作環境和生活

結全球各地及區域的綠人組織,彼此交流資訊,相互支 持。 8.7

透過以下行動,減少交通工具所造成的都市污染:反

對無止境擴建高速公路、鼓勵使用節能運具、整合土地 使用規劃與公共運輸、自行車和步行。大眾運輸規劃及 其資金籌措應優先於私人運具的基礎設施,廢除鼓勵汽 車發展的稅收政策。

品質。

8.8

創造有社會責任的經濟策略,透過稅收及公共財政,

使財富公平分配的誘因最大化,並以環境稅的市場誘因 來防止廢棄物與污染的產生。

全球綠人要做的是: 8.1

推動以福祉的指標取代國內生產毛額(GDP)作為評

量進步的標準,並認知到物質消費的增長有其生態極限。 8.2

受開發工程影響的各國公民,都有權利參與該計畫的 以剝削公共資源和自然資源方式的獲利者,應對使用 9

這些資源,及其所造成的損害,支付所有超額利潤 。 8.4

對持續都市蔓延所造成的農地與自然環境衝擊,須加

模倣自然生態系之零廢棄經濟為目標。 8.10

透過具有附加價值的經濟活動,透過資源回收、生產

提升就業機會。 8.11

透過合宜的農村發展計畫,減緩並逆轉因農村貧窮造

提倡社會責任投資(SRI)及綠色採購,使消費者能

依據可靠的資訊,做正向的選擇。 8.12

以節制,且最終應予消除。 8.5

要求企業與社區做到減量、再利用及回收廢棄物,以

耐用商品、有機農業、再生能源及環境保護等政策,來

決策,不受國界的限制。 8.3

8.9

認 知 傳 統 和 在 地 知 識 與 信 仰 的 價 值, 並 將 其 納 入

規畫與方案中。

成的都市化過程,這些發展計畫必須保護農村特色生態。

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政治行動

9.

和平與安全

10

國家 在聯合國爭取更多權力。 9.3

支持國際刑事法院。戰爭期間的性暴力如集體強暴應 11

9.0

和平不僅只是沒有戰爭。追求和平始終在綠人議程的

核心。造成衝突的原因正在改變。氣候變遷的衝擊、爭

視為戰爭罪行;衝突期間的環境犯罪 也應如此。 9.4

削弱軍工財金複合體的勢力,從根本上減少軍火交

奪飲水食物與資源將更形重要。戰爭、有組織的犯罪,

易,確保軍火生產鏈的透明,及刪除對軍火工業的隱藏

以及大規模蓄意侵犯人權等惡行之間的界線逐漸模糊。

性補貼。

從 2001 年 起 的「 反 恐 戰 爭 」 也 以 安 全 之 名 侵 蝕 人 權。

9.5

管制與減少國際上的軍火交易,以完全根除軍火交易

WTO 反補貼規定中的特別豁免條款,助長了軍火交易的

為最終目標,並使軍火交易受聯合國規範,包括禁止核

持續成長及全球化。全球綠人作為一個全球性的網絡,

武、生化、貧鈾(即鈾廢料)武器,及人員殺傷地雷。

在強化社區組織間扮演重要的連繫角色,為和平及人權

9.6

鞏固既有的和平方案,並建立一個全方位的和平文化

努力,並支持、形塑全球治理(global governance)此一

的新方案。這些方案將分析暴力的根源,包括家庭暴力、

新興概念和相關機構。

所有性別間相互尊重,以及加強對各種層次之非暴力衝 突解決方案的教育訓練。 9.7

全球綠人要做的是: 9.1

強化聯合國作為衝突管理及維持和平之全球組織的角

色,但在此預防機制失效,或在大規模、結構性侵犯人 權或種族屠殺的情況下,如果使用武力是避免人權遭受

修改涉及軍事的國際法規,確保自然資源在衝突中得

到足夠的保護。 9.8

反對任何國家飛彈防禦計畫,致力於使太空非軍事化

及非核化。

進一步侵犯的唯一方法,而且武力的使用得到聯合國的 授權,則維和武力可以是正當的。儘管如此,各國仍然 有權利不支持或不參與聯合國的武力維和行動。 9.2

藉由廢除聯合國安全理事會當中的常任理事國制度及

其否決權,並增加聯合國會員國的數量,以積極替後進

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政治行動

10. 10.0

10.7

全球行動

與去中心化的結構,讓每個成員都擁有政治權力和機會;

全球綠人是來自多樣文化與背景,分享共同目標的獨

立組織,而為了要實現這些目標,我們的行動必須兼顧 全球性及地方性。

有需要時對全球性議題採取共同行動,以共同實踐全

對全球性議題採取共同行動,以實踐全球綠人憲章。 在全世界,支持綠色政治的政黨、政治運動及青年

10.8

避免接受與我們的價值和願景相衝突的資金來源。

10.9

避免與獨裁、派系、犯罪組織及其從屬組織合作,特

10.10

強化與我們想法相近之社群團體及公民社會組織的連

社會和人權以及民主的意識,而此日漸增長的意識,必 將普遍實現於全球的經濟體系中。 10.11

網絡的發展。 10.3

戰。

結,而我們是公民社會的一部分,我們都懷有尊重環境、

球綠人憲章。

10.2

發展新的政治模式,更能面對永續發展和草根民主的挑

別是在人權或民主事務上。

全球綠人要做的是: 10.1

鼓勵各綠色政黨和綠色政治運動,展現領先的透明化

當其他綠色政黨及運動提出要求時,提供下列協助:

以友誼、樂觀、愉快的心情,在個人與政治上相互扶

持,而且不忘樂在其中!

• 提供選舉觀察員,協助確保該選舉之公平及自由。 • 鼓勵選民加入與投票支持該國綠色政黨。 10.4

在全球綠人的組織內,實踐我們所追尋的民主原則。

10.5

在全球綠人內部各級組織,實踐參與式民主,成為榜

樣。 10.6

鼓勵全球各綠色政黨間的合作,確保各會員國都能得

到充分訊息、受到諮詢並被賦予綠色政黨對全球綠人的 立場有平等的影響力。

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34


原文版

Pream ble We, as citizens of the planet and members of the Global Greens,

CHARTER OF THE GLOBAL GREENS

As adopted in Canberra 2001 and updated in Dakar 2012 The Global Greens is the international network of Green parties and political movements

35

United in our awareness that we depend on the Earth’s vitality, diversity and beauty, and that it is our responsibility to pass them on, undiminished or even improved, to the next generation Recognising that the dominant patterns of human production and consumption, based on the dogma of economic growth at any cost and the excessive and wasteful use of natural resources without considering E a r t h ’s c a r r y i n g c a p a c i t y, a r e c a u s i n g e x t r e m e d e t e r i o r a t i o n i n t h e e n v i ro n m e n t a n d a m a s s i v e extinction of species A c k n o w l e d g i n g t h a t i n j u s t i c e , r a c i s m , p o v e r t y, ignorance, corruption, crime and violence, armed conflict and the search for maximum short term profit are causing widespread human suffering Accepting that developed countries through their pursuit of economic and political goals have contributed to the degradation of the environment and of human dignity Understanding that many of the world’s peoples and nations have been impoverished by the long centuries of colonisation and exploitation, creating an ecological debt owed by the rich nations to those that have been impoverished Committed to closing the gap between rich and poor and building a citizenship based on equal rights for all

36


individuals in all spheres of social, economic, political and cultural life Recognising that without equality between men and women, no real democracy can be achieved Concerned for the dignity of humanity and the value of cultural heritage Recognising the rights of indigenous people and their contribution to the common heritage, as well as the right of all minorities and oppressed peoples to their culture, religion, economic and cultural life Convinced that cooperation rather than competition is a pre-requisite for ensuring the guarantee of such human rights as nutritious food, comfortable shelter, health, education, fair labour, free speech, clean air, potable water and an unspoilt natural environment Recognising that the environment ignores borders between countries  Assert the need for fundamental changes in people’s attitudes, values, and ways of producing and living Declare that the new millennium provides a defining point to begin that transformation Resolve to promote a comprehensive concept of sustainability which • protects and restores the integrity of the Earth’s ecosystems, with special concern for biodiversity and the natural processes that sustain life • acknowledges the interrelatedness of all ecological, social and economic processes • balances individual interests with the common good

• harmonises freedom with responsibility • welcomes diversity within unity • reconciles short term objectives with long term goals • ensures that future generations have the same right as the present generation to natural and cultural benefits Affirm our responsibility to one another, to the greater community of life, and to future generations Commit ourselves as Green parties and political movements from around the world to implement these interrelated principles and to create a global partnership in support of their fulfillment

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Principles

Ecological Wisdom

Principles The policies of the Global Greens are founded upon the principles of

We acknowledge that human beings are part of the natural world and we respect the specific values of all forms of life, including non-human species. We acknowledge the wisdom of the indigenous peoples of the world, as custodians of the land and its resources. We acknowledge that human society depends on the ecological resources of the planet, and must ensure the integrity of ecosystems and preserve biodiversity and the resilience of life supporting systems. This requires • that we lear n to live within the ecological and resource limits of the planet • that we protect animal and plant life, and life itself that is sustained by the natural elements: earth, water, air and sun • where knowledge is limited, that we take the path of caution, in order to secure the continued abundance of the resources of the planet for present and future generations.

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40


Principles

Social Justice We assert that the key to social justice is the equitable distribution of social and natural resources, both locally and globally, to meet basic human needs unconditionally, and to ensure that all citizens have full opportunities for personal and social development. We declare that there is no social justice without environmental justice, and no environmental justice without social justice. This requires • a just organization of the world and a stable world economy which will close the widening gap between rich and poor, both within and between countries ; balance the flow of resources from South to North ; and lift the burden of debt on poor countries which prevents their development • the eradication of poverty, as an ethical, social, economic, and ecological imperative • the elimination of illiteracy • a new vision of citizenship built on equal rights for all individuals regardless of gender, race, age, religion, class, ethnic or national origin, sexual orientation, disability, wealth or health

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Participatory Democracy We strive for a democracy in which all citizens have the right to express their views, and are able to directly participate in the environmental, economic, social and political decisions which affect their lives ; so that power and responsibility are concentrated in local and regional communities, and devolved only where essential to higher tiers of governance. This requires • individual empowerment through access to all the relevant information required for any decision, and access to education to enable all to participate • breaking down inequalities of wealth and power that inhibit participation • building grassroots institutions that enable decisions to be made directly at the appropriate level by those affected, based on systems which encourage civic vitality, voluntary action and community responsibility • strong support for giving young people a voice through educating, encouraging and assisting youth involvement in every aspect of political life including their participation in all decision making bodies • that all elected representatives are committed to the principles of transparency, truthfulness, and accountability in governance • that all electoral systems are transparent and democratic, and that this is enforced by law

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Principles

• that in all electoral systems, each adult has an equal vote • that all electoral systems are based on proportional representation, and all elections are publicly funded with strict limits on, and full transparency of, corporate and private donations • that all citizens have the right to be a member of the political party of their choice within a multi-party system.

Nonviolence We declare our commitment to nonviolence and strive for a culture of peace and cooperation between states, inside societies and between individuals, as the basis of global security. We believe that security should not rest mainly on military strength but on cooperation, sound economic and social development, environmental safety, and respect for human rights. •

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This requires • a c o m p r e h e n s i v e c o n c e p t o f g l o b a l s e c u r i t y, which gives priority to social, economic, ecological, psychological and cultural aspects of conflict, instead of a concept based primarily on military balances of power • a global security system capable of the prevention, management and resolution of conflicts • removing the causes of war by understanding and respecting other cultures, eradicating racism, promoting freedom and democracy, and ending global poverty • pursuing general and complete disarmament i n c l u d i n g i n t e r n a t i o n a l a g re e m e n t s t o e n s u re a complete and definitive ban of nuclear, biological and chemical arms, anti-personnel mines and depleted uranium weapons • strengthening the United Nations (UN) as the global organisation of conflict management and peacekeeping • pursuing a rigorous code of conduct on arms exports to countries where human rights are being violated.

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Principles

Sustainability We recognise the limited scope for the material expansion of human society within the biosphere, and the need to maintain biodiversity through sustainable use of renewable resources and responsible use of nonrenewable resources. We believe that to achieve sustainability, and in order to provide for the needs of present and future generations within the finite resources of the earth, continuing growth in global consumption, population and material inequity must be halted and reversed. We recognise that sustainability will not be possible as long as poverty persists. This requires • ensuring that the rich limit their consumption to allow the poor their fair share of the earth's resources • redefining the concept of wealth, to focus on quality of life rather than capacity for over-consumption • creating a world economy which aims to satisfy the needs of all, not the greed of a few ; and enables those presently living to meet their own needs, without jeopardising the ability of future generations to meet theirs • eliminating the causes of population growth by ensuring economic security, and providing access to basic education and health, for all ; giving both men

45

and women greater control over their fertility • redefining the roles and responsibilities of transnational corporations in order to support the principles of sustainable development • implementing mechanisms to tax, as well as regulating, speculative financial flows • ensuring that market prices of goods and services fully incorporate the environmental costs of their production and consumption • achieving greater resource and energy efficiency and development and use of environmentally sustainable technologies • encouraging local self-reliance to the greatest p r a c t i c a l e x t e n t t o c re a t e w o r t h w h i l e , s a t i s f y i n g communities • recognising the key role of youth culture and encouraging an ethic of sustainability within that culture.

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Principles

Political Action

Respect for Diversity We honour cultural, linguistic, ethnic, sexual, religious and spiritual diversity within the context of individual responsibility toward all beings. We defend the right of all persons, without discrimination, to an environment supportive of their dignity, bodily health, and spiritual well-being. We promote the building of respectful, positive and responsible relationships across lines of division in the spirit of a multi-cultural society.

Political Action

This requires • recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples to the basic means of their survival, both economic and cultural, including rights to land and to self determination; and acknowledgment of their contribution to the common heritage of national and global culture • recognition of the rights of ethnic minorities to develop their culture, religion and language without discrimination, and to full legal, social and cultural participation in the democratic process • recognition of and respect for sexual minorities • equality between women and men in all spheres of social, economic, political and cultural life • significant involvement of youth culture as a valuable contribution to our Green vision, and recognition that young people have distinct needs and modes of expression.

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Political Action

1.

Democracy

The majority of the world’s people live in countries with undemocratic regimes where corruption is rampant a n d h u m a n r i g h t s a b u s e s a n d p re s s c e n s o r s h i p a re c o m m o n p l a c e . D e v e l o p e d d e m o c r a c i e s s u ff e r l e s s apparent forms of corruption though media concentration, corporate political funding, systematic exclusion of racial, ethnic, national and religious communities, and electoral systems that discriminate against alternative ideas and new and small parties. 1.0

The Greens – 1 . 1 Have as a priority the encouragement and support of grassroots movements and other organisations of civil society working for democratic, transparent and accountable government, at all levels from local to global.

Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business and urge non-parties to sign and ratify without further delay. Uphold the right of citizens to have access to official information and to free and independent media. 1.5

W ill work for universal access to electronic communications and information technology, as minimum, radio, and community-based internet and email. We will also work to make access to these technologies as cheap as possible. 1.6

Uphold a just secular legal system that ensures the right of defence and practices proportionality between crime and punishment. 1.7

Support the public funding of elections, and measures to ensure all donations are fully transparent and accountable and are free from undue influence, whether perceived or otherwise. 1.8

Actively support giving young people a voice through educating, encouraging and assisting youth participation in every aspect of political action. 1.2

Will strive for the democratisation of gender relations by promoting appropriate mediations to enable women and men equally to take part in the economic, political, social sphere. 1.3

Will challenge corporate domination of government, especially where citizens are deprived of their right to political participation. 1.9

Support the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Convention on Combating

Support the separation of powers between the executive, legislative and judicial systems, and the separation of state and religion.

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1.10

1.4


Political Action

Support the development and strengthening of local government. 1.11

2. Equity 2.0

The differences in living standards and opportunities

Support the restructuring of state institutions to

in the world today are intolerable. Third world debt is at

democratise them and make them more transparent and

an all time high of US$3.7 trillion, while Organisation of

efficient in serving the goal of citizens’ power and sustainable

Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries

development.

give just 0.31% of GNP in aid. The richest 20% of the world’s

1.12

population has over 83% of global income while the poorest Support global gover nance based on the democratic

20%, including nearly 50% of the world’s young people, share

principle of one person – one vote – one value, rather than by

barely 1% and 2.6 billion people live on less than US$2 a

unelected corporate interests.

day. 60% of the world’s poor are women. 130 million children

1.13

never attend school while 800 million adults can neither read nor write, two-thirds of them women Population growth has slowed but world population is project to grow from 6.1 billion in 2000 to 8.9 billion in 2050, an increase of 47%. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) infections remain severe problems. The Greens – 2.1

W ill work to increase gover nment aid to developing

countries, and support aid funding being directed to the poorest of the poor, with the priorities being determined through working with local communities. 2.2

Will work to improve the rights, status, education and

political participation of women. 2.3

Commit ourselves to the goal of making high quality

p r i m a r y e d u c a t i o n u n i v e r s a l b y 2 0 1 5 , f i n a n c e d t h ro u g h increased aid and debt relief.

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Political Action

2.4

W ill work towards cancellation of developing country

2.9

W ill commit to work for more equal allocation of

debt especially in the poorest countries, and support the

welfare and for creation of equal opportunities inside all our

use of incentives to ensure that savings from debt relief

societies, recognising that there is a growing number of poor

a re c h a n n e l l e d i n t o p o v e r t y re d u c t i o n a n d e n v i ro n m e n t

and marginalised people in developed countries also.

conservation, and that transparent and accountable processes are in place with participation from affected communities.

2.10

Understand that the current for m of financialised

neo-liberal capitalism aids the rich and is crisis prone. It 2.5

See concerted action to combat the great pandemics

including HIV-Aids, TB and malaria as a priority, especially

contributes to growing inequality and dispossession of poor people.

in Africa, where a twofold effort is needed to allow general access to low cost and efficient therapies, and to restore

2.11

economic progress, especially through education.

environmental rights of people of colour.

2.6

W ill defend and promote the human, social and

Recognise the right to compensation of those people that

lose access to their natural resources through displacement by environmental destruction or human intervention such as colonisation and migration. 2.7

Will review the relationship between exclusive ownership

of property and exclusive use of its resources, with a view to curbing environmental abuse and extending access for basic livelihood to all, especially indigenous communities. 2.8

Will work to ensure that all men, women and children

can achieve economic security, without recourse to personally damaging activities such as pornography, prostitution or the sale of organs.

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Political Action

3. Climate Change and Energy The climate crisis is both greatest challenge facing the global community and the greatest opportunity for humanity to rethink how we live, in a way that is socially just and within the Earth’s ecological limits. The Greens are committed to limiting global temperature rise to no more than 1.5 degrees above pre-industrial levels. Global emissions will need to peak well before 2020 to have a chance to stay within this temperature limit.

Oppose any expansion of nuclear power and will work to phase it out rapidly. 3.5

3.0

The Greens – 3.1 Ado pt t he t arget of l i m i t i n g CO 2 l e ve l s i n t h e atmosphere to 450 ppm in the shortest period possible. Will work to support a rapid transition to zero carbon economies around the world. 3.2

W ill work to establish an international emissions reporting framework for trans-national corporations, linked to global carbon taxes and global environmental loads. 3.3

Will work hard to ensure that developing countries h a v e a c c e s s t o t h e m o s t e ff i c i e n t , s u s t a i n a b l e a n d appropriate technology, with a strong focus on renewable e n e r g y, a n d t h a t t h e y a g r e e t o C l i m a t e C h a n g e Conventions to ensure that actions are comprehensive and worldwide. The equity principle must be at the core of climate change negotiations and measures. 3.4

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Will support a call for a moratorium on new fossil fuel exploration and development. 3.6

Will work to stop deforestation and degradation of nature forests by 2020, noting that they are the most carbon rich ecosystems on the planet, vital to indigenous people, rich in plants and animals, and irreplaceable in any human time scale. 3.7

Promote tree planting of diverse species but not m o n o c u l t u re s , a s a s h o r t - t e r m m e a s u re f o r c a r b o n sequestration, with other benefits for the environment. 3.8

Promote the levying of taxes on non-renewable energy and the use of funds raised to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy. 3.9

Support research into the use of sustainable energy sources and the technical development of ecological power production. 3.10

Promote energy efficient technologies and green power infrastructure between and within countries and economies on a no-costs or minimal costs basis. This is one of the economic costs of the emissions to date by western countries. 3.11

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Political Action

4. Biodiversity 4.0

4.3

Will promote ecological purchasing policies, for products

such as wood, based only on the most rigorous definition of

Healthy ecosystems are essential to human life, yet we

sustainability backed by credible labelling.

seem to have forgotten the relationship between nature and society. Extinction rates are 100 to 1000 times higher than

4.4

in pre-human times. Only 20% of the Earth’s original forests

the agreement of affected Indigenous and local communities.

Support the concept of ‘debt for nature’ swaps, subject to

remain relatively undisturbed. 80% of fish stocks are already depleted or in danger of being overfished. Invasions by

4.5

non-native plants, animals and diseases are growing rapidly.

environments, and the cleanup of toxic sites of former and

Habitat destruction and species extinction are driven by

existing military and industrial zones around the world.

Will promote the repair of degraded natural

industrial and agricultural development that also exacerbates climate change, global inequity and the destruction of

4.6

indigenous cultures and livelihoods. Agricultural monoculture,

world, in line with a preference for local production where

promoted by agribusiness and accelerated by genetic

p o s s i b l e , w i l l h a v e t h e a d d e d b e n e f i t o f re d u c i n g ‘ b i o -

modification and patenting of nature, threatens the diversity

invasions’, as well as reducing fossil fuel consumption and

of crop and domestic animal species, radically increasing

greenhouse gas emissions.

Note that reducing the transport of goods around the

vulnerability to disease. 4.7

The Greens – 4.1

Commit to promote a global ecology curriculum for all

levels of education.

W i l l v i g o ro u s l y o p p o s e e n v i ro n m e n t a l l y d e s t r u c t i v e

agricultural and industrial development and give primary

4.8

effort to protecting native plants and animals in their natural

justice specifically for environmental destruction and the loss

habitat, and wherever possible in large tracts.

of biodiversity where cases can be heard against corporations,

Will work towards establishing an international court of

national states and individuals. 4.2

W i l l w o r k t o re m o v e s u b s i d i e s f o r e n v i ro n m e n t a l l y

destructive activities, including logging, fossil fuel

4.9

exploitation, dam construction, mining, genetic engineering

life.

Will refuse to accept the patenting and merchandising of

and agricultural monoculture.

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Political Action

5. Governing economic globalisation by sustainability principles 5.0

Fifty-three of the 100 biggest economies in the world

today are corporations. With the collusion of governments, they have created a legal system that puts unfettered economic activity above the public good, protects corporate w e l f a re b u t a t t a c k s s o c i a l w e l f a re , a n d m a k e s n a t i o n a l economies subservient to a global financial casino that turns over $US3 trillion per day in speculative transactions. The Global Financial Crisis has increased volatility and insecurity in all economies, with the most significant impact on poorer individuals, groups and countries. The IMF and the World Bank have contributed to this crisis rather than been part of the solution ; the prerequisites on which they are based are not fit to create a global, sustainable and just economic system.

to promote global sustainable development. The World Trade Organisation (WTO) should be subject to the decisions of this body. 5.3

Support serious reform of the World Bank and IMF so

that their membership and decision-making democratic, and their operations subservient to sustainability principles and to all international conventions on human and labour rights, and environmental protection. 5.4

Support serious reform of the WTO to make sustainability

its central goal, supported by transparent and democratic p ro c e s s e s a n d t h e p a r t i c i p a t i o n o f re p re s e n t a t i v e s f ro m affected communities. In addition there must be separation of powers to remove the disputes settlement mechanism from the exclusive competence of the WTO. A sustainability impact assessment of earlier Negotiation Rounds is required before any new steps are taken.

The Greens – Affirm that essentials of life such as water, must remain publicly owned and controlled ; and that culture, basic 5.1

access to food, social and public health, education, and a free media are not ‘commodities’ to be subjected to international market agreements. 5.2

single institution with funding and power to impose sanctions

Support the creation of a World Environment

Organisation by combining the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), the United Nations Development Program

5.5

Will work to prevent the implementation of new regional

or hemispheric trade and investment agreements under the WTO rules but support countries’ integration processes that assure people’s welfare and environmental sustainability. 5.6

W ill create a world environment where financial and

economic institutions and organisations will nurture and protect environmentally sustainable projects that will sustain

(UNDP), and the Global Environment Facility (GEF) into a

c o m m u n i t i e s a t a l l l e v e l s ( l o c a l , re g i o n a l , n a t i o n a l a n d international).

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Political Action

5.7

Demand that international agreements on the

e n v i ro n m e n t , l a b o u r c o n d i t i o n s a n d h e a l t h s h o u l d t a k e

6. Human rights

precedence over any international rules on trade.

6.0

Denial of human rights and freedoms goes hand in hand

with poverty and political powerlessness. Millions suffer W ill work to implement a Tobin-Henderson Tax and

discrimination, intimidation, arbitrary detention, violence and

other instruments to curb speculative international currency

death. Three-quarters of the world’s governments have used

t r a n s a c t i o n s a n d h e l p e n c o u r a g e i n v e s t m e n t i n t h e re a l

torture in the last three years.

5.8

economy, and to create funds to promote equity in global The Greens –

development.

6.1

Endorse the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the

W ill work to require corporations to abide by the

Inter national Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural

environmental, labour and social laws of their own country

Rights, the Inter national Covenant on Civil and Political

and of the country in which they are operating, whichever are

Rights, International Labour Organisation (ILO) conventions,

the more stringent.

and other international instruments for the protection of rights

5.9

and freedoms. We believe that these rights are universal and 5.10

W ill work to ensure that all global organizations,

especially those with significant capacity to define the rules of

indivisible and that national governments are responsible for upholding them.

international trade, firmly adhere to principles of sustainable d e v e l o p m e n t a n d p u r s u e a t r a i n i n g p ro g r a m o f c u l t u r a l

6.2

change to fully realise this goal.

human rights, regardless of their political claims.

5.11

Want corporate welfare made transparent and subject

6.3

C o n d e m n a l l d i c t a t o r s h i p s a n d re g i m e s w h i c h d e n y

Will work with local communities to promote awareness

to the same level of accountability as social welfare, with

of human rights, and to ensure that the UN Commission

subsidies to environmentally and socially destructive activities

for Human Rights and other treaty bodies are adequately

phased out altogether.

resourced.

5.12

Endorse the development of civic entrepreneurship to

6.4

Call for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to be

promote a community based economy as a way of combating

amended to include rights to a healthy natural environment

social exclusion caused by economic globalisation.

and intergenerational rights to natural and cultural resources.

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Political Action

6.10

Demand that the death penalty be abolished worldwide.

deem appropriate free from discrimination or coercion, and

6.11

Call for governments to ensure that all asylum-seekers,

support the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) ; urge non-signatories to sign and ratify without further delay ; and urge existing signatories to

whether they are victims of state violence or independent

remove all reservations.

access to fair processes ; are not arbitrarily detained ;

6.5

Uphold the right of women to make their own decisions,

including the control of their fertility by the means they

armed groups, are correctly treated in accordance with the 1951 Geneva Convention on the Rights to Asylum ; have and are not returned to a country where they might suffer

6.6

Support the right of indigenous peoples to self-

violations of their fundamental human rights, or face the risk

determination, land rights, and access to traditional hunting

of death, torture, or other inhuman treatment.

and fishing rights for their own subsistence, using humane and ecologically sustainable techniques ; and support moves

6.1 2

Call for the prohibition of collective expulsion.

6.13

Uphold the right of all workers to safe, fairly remunerated

for indigenous people to set up and work through their own international bodies.

employment, with the freedom to unionise. 6.7

Support the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Support the right of children to grow up free from the

Peoples as the minimum standard of protection accepted

6.14

by indigenous peoples, and support moves for indigenous

need to work, and the establishment of a lower age limit for

people to set up and work through their own international

working children/adolescents.

bodies. 6.15 6.8

Demand that torturers are held accountable, and will

campaign for them to be brought to justice, in their own

Demand decriminalisation of homosexuality, and support

the right of gay and lesbian people to their lifestyle, and the equal rights of homosexual relationships.

countries or elsewhere, before an inter national panel of W i l l w o r k t o i m p ro v e t h e o p p o r t u n i t i e s o f d i s a b l e d

judges serving under the auspices of the International

6.16

Criminal Court.

people to live and work equally in society, including true political participation.

6.9

Oppose any violation of the physical integrity of the

individual by torture, punishment or any other practices including traditional and religious mutilation.

Support the right of linguistic minorities to use their own language.

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6.17


Political Action

7.4

7. Food and water

Consider that the stability of catchments and the health

of river systems is paramount, and will work with the people

Hundreds of millions of people remain undernourished,

directly affected to stop the degradation of rivers, including

not because there is insufficient food but because of unequal

new large dams and irrigation projects, and deforestation of

a c c e s s t o l a n d , w a t e r, c r e d i t a n d m a r k e t s . G e n e t i c a l l y

catchments.

7.0

modified organisms (GMOs) are not the solution, because the immediate problem is not production but distribution.

7.5

Moreover, GMOs pose unacceptable risks to the environment,

regions, where climate is dominated by uncertainty, to reduce

independent smaller farmers, and consumers, as well

land degradation.

Will work with local communities in arid and semi-arid

as to the biodiversity that is our best insurance against agricultural disaster. Water shortages loom, both in above-

7.6

ground systems and subterranean aquifers. Deforestation of

hit by desertification and deforestation, and ask the countries

catchments takes a devastating toll in landslides and floods,

that have not yet done so to ratify the UN Convention of

while desertification and degradation are rapidly expanding.

Desertification, and make the necessary resources available to

One bright spot is the rapid growth of organic agriculture.

enact this Convention.

The Greens –

7.7

Will support and promote organic agriculture.

a fundamental right, and oppose the privatisation of water

7.8

Call for a world-wide ban on the commercial growing of

resources and infrastructure.

genetically modified crops.

7.1

7.2

Consider that access to clean water for basic needs is

Will work to eliminate water subsidies, other than social

subsidies, and to make water use more efficient. 7.3

Express their concern for countries that have been hard

Will work to ensure that fresh water and underground

7.9

W ill work to ensure that food is safe, with stringent

regulations on production, storage and sale. 7.10

Will work to ensure that scientific research is conducted

water resources are conserved in quality and quantity and

ethically and applied in accordance with the precautionary

appropriately priced to ensure these resources are adequately

principle.

protected from depletion.

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Political Action

7.11

Call for a phase out of all persistent and bio-accumulative

man-made chemicals and to work to eliminate all releases to

8. Sustainable Planning

the environment of hazardous chemicals

8.0

Consumption in industrialised countries is excessive

by any measure, and largely responsible for environmental W ill work to ensure that animal growth hormones are

decline. Newly industrializing countries are also increasing

b a n n e d , a n d s t r i n g e n t re g u l a t i o n s g o v e r n i n g t h e u s e o f

their consumption, which will adds significantly to the

antibiotics on animals are enforced.

ecological pressure. Changing to a green economy - which

7.12

mimics ecological processes, eliminates waste by re-using Will work to ensure the humane treatment of all animals

a n d re c y c l i n g m a t e r i a l s , a n d e m p h a s i s e s a c t i v i t i e s t h a t

during breeding, transport and slaughter and will ensure

enhance the quality of life and relationships rather than

animal welfare.

the consumption of goods - brings a promise of new jobs,

7.13

industries with less pollution, better work environments and a 7.14

Will work towards ensuring the effect of erosion, floods

higher quality of life.

and other environmental hazards are ameliorated and that appropriate adaptation measures are implemented.

The Greens – 8.1

Promote measures of well-being rather than GDP to

measure progress, and recognise the ecological limits to material growth and consumption. 8.2

Consider that citizens of countries affected by a

development project have the right to participate in decisions about it, regardless of national boundaries. 8.3

Will work to ensure that those who profit from exploiting

any common and/or natural resources should pay the full m a r k e t re n t f o r t h e u s e o f t h e s e re s o u rc e s , a n d f o r a n y damage they do to any other common resources. 8.4

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Recognise that the impact of continuing urban growth

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Political Action

(sprawl) onto agricultural land and the natural environment

8.10

Will support all policies that allow countries to increase

must be limited and ultimately stopped.

job creation through economic activities that add value, or through recycling of resources, the production of

8.5

Recognise that the process of urbanisation due to rural

poverty must be slowed and reversed through appropriate

durable goods, organic agriculture, renewable energy and environmental protection.

rural development programs which protect the character and ecology of the rural landscape.

8.11

Promote socially responsible investment and ecological

marketing so that consumers can make positive choices based 8.6

Support local planning for ecologically sustainable

on reliable information.

business, housing, transport, waste management, parks, city forests, public spaces ; and will establish links between

8.12

G re e n s a t l o c a l a n d re g i o n a l l e v e l a ro u n d t h e p l a n e t t o

and beliefs, and support its incorporation into planning and

exchange information and support.

projects.

8.7

Recognise the value of traditional and local knowledge

W ill work to reduce vehicle based urban pollution by

opposing ever-expanding freeways ; encouraging the use of energy efficient vehicles ; integrating land use planning with public transport, bicycling and walking ; prioritising mass transit planning and funding over private auto infrastructure ; and eliminating tax policies that favour auto-centric development. 8.8

W ill work to create socially responsible economic

strategies, using taxes and public finance to maximise incentives for fair distribution of wealth, and eco-taxes to provide incentives to avoid waste and pollution. 8.9

Demand that corporations and communities reduce, reuse

and recycle waste, aiming for a zero waste economy which replicates a natural ecosystem.

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Political Action

9.2

W ill campaign for greater power for countries of the

9. Peace and security

South in the UN, by working to abolish the veto power in

We understand peace as being more than the absence of war.

the Security Council, to remove the category of permanent

To strive for peace has always been at the core of the Green

membership of it, and to increase the number of states with

agenda. The causes of conflict are changing. The impacts of

membership.

climate change, competition for water, food and resources will become increasingly significant. The distinctions

9.3

between war, organised crime and deliberate large-scale

sexualised violence such as mass rape should be regarded

abuses of human rights are becoming progressively blurred.

as a war crime, as should environmental crimes in times of

Since 2001 the ‘war’ on ‘terror’ has also led to the erosion

conflict.

Support the International Criminal Court. In war crimes,

of human rights in the name of security. The arms trade is growing and globalising, nourished by a unique exemption

9.4

from WTO rules against subsidies. As a global network, we

financial complex in order to radically reduce the trade in

have a vital role to play in strengthening the links between

armaments, ensure transparency of manufacturing and remove

community organisations working for human rights and peace,

hidden subsidies that benefit the military industries.

Seek to curtail the power of the military-industrial-

and supporting and shaping the emerging concepts and institutions of global governance.

9.5

Will work to regulate and reduce, with the long term aim

of eliminating, the international arms trade (including banning The Greens – 9.1

nuclear, biological and chemical ar ms, depleted uranium

Support strengthening the role of the UN as a global

organisation of conflict management and peacekeeping,

weapons and anti-personnel mines) and bring it within the ambit of the UN.

while, noting that, where prevention fails and in situations of structural and massive violations of human rights and/or

9.6

genocide, the use of force may be justified if it is the only

forge new programmes that address all aspects of building

means of preventing further human rights violations and

a culture of peace. Programmes will include analysis of the

suffering, provided that it is used under a mandate from the UN. Nonetheless, individual countries have the right not to

roots of violence, including inter-familial violence, and the issue of mutual respect between genders ; and support

support or to cooperate with the action.

training in non-violent conflict resolution at all levels.

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W ill help strengthen existing peace programmes and

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Political Action

9.7

W ill seek to amend the international rules of military

engagement to ensure that natural resources are adequately

10. Acting globally

protected in conflicts.

1 0.0

The Global Greens are independent organisations from

d i v e r s e c u l t u re s a n d b a c k g ro u n d s w h o s h a re a c o m m o n 9.8

Will fight against any National Missile Defence Project,

and work towards the demilitarisation and de-nuclearisation

p u r p o s e a n d re c o g n i s e t h a t , t o a c h i e v e i t , w e m u s t a c t globally as well as locally.

of space. The Greens – 1 0.1

Will work cooperatively to implement the Global

Greens Charter by taking action together on issues of global consequence whenever needed. 1 0.2

Will support the development of Green parties, political

movements and youth networks around the world. 1 0.3

W ill assist, at their request, other Green parties and

movements including by -providing observers at elections to help ensure that they are free and fair ďź› -encouraging voters to enroll and vote Green in their home countries. 1 0.4

Will adopt and put into practice in our own organisations

the democratic principles we seek in broader society. 1 0.5

Will act as a model of participatory democracy in our own

internal organisation at all levels. 1 0.6

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Will encourage cooperation between the global Green

74


Political Action

parties to ensure that member parties are consulted, educated and have equal capacity to influence global positions of the

Greens. 1 0.7

W ill encourage Green parties and green political

movements to show leadership in establishing policies guaranteeing transparent and decentralised structures, so that political power and opportunity is extended to all members ; and in developing new political models which better meet the challenges of sustainable development and grassroots democracy. 1 0.8

Will avoid sources of finance that conflict with our vision

and values. 1 0.9

W ill avoid cooperation with dictatorships, sects, or

criminal organisations and with their dependent organisations, particularly in matters of democracy and human rights. Will strengthen our links with like-minded community organisations, and with civil society organisations ; we are

10.10

o n e p a r t , w i t h t h e m , o f t h e g ro w i n g c o n s c i o u s n e s s t h a t respect for the environment, for social and human rights, and for democracy, has to prevail on the economic organisation of the world. 10.11

Will support each other personally and politically with

friendship, optimism and good humour, and not forget to enjoy ourselves in the process!

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1 全球綠人憲章:本文件 2014 年版的更新是基於 2008 年印行 的《全球綠色憲章》為基礎重新進行校閱修潤,並更新定名為 《全球綠人憲章》,以更貼近我們所要表達的宗旨。此次更新 要感謝曾經參與 2008 年版本翻譯的文魯彬、溫炳原、林震洋 的再次協助,以及顏克莉、徐嬋娟、潘翰聲、顏豐明、莊儒泓、 吳慧君、王彥涵的校閱與修潤。 而 2008 年版的完成則必須特別感謝文魯彬、汪恆祥、李涵茹、 林震洋、洪嘉敏、曾瑾珮、溫炳原等人翻譯、李瑩校稿;黃淑 真的設計與照片,以及環保、農民、勞工、同志、原住民及學 生青年等運動團體的協助。 2 全球綠人: 在 界 定 國 際 間 的 綠 黨 或 綠 色 政 治 的 文 件 中, 有 三 個 乍 看 相 似、實則意義不同的詞語:Global Greens、Green Party、Green party,此處分別將它們翻譯為:全球綠人(總部攝於比利時之 立案國際組織)、綠黨、綠色政黨。 3 有權取得 access:為求語句流暢,「access」此字雖翻為「有 權取得」,但其概念應來自於「the right of access to the media ( 接 近 使 用 傳 播 媒 體 之 權 利 )」 或「the access right to mass media(媒體進用權)」。 4 究責 accountability:常見中譯有「當責」、「課責」、「問責」。 其意義是指有權負責的人為其行動提出合理實證的義務,除了 為決定負責之外,還有解釋說明以及量化其責任的意義,比如: 政府官員對其政策形成所依據的判斷程序,公開向民眾說明並 為其量化的成效負責,這就是一個可究責的政策。 5 全球治理 global governance:國內外學術界對於全球治理還 沒有形成共同的概念與定義。常見的解釋如下: a) 是全球一人一票的民主;各國及各地區對全球性事件和問題

76


一起研討並尋求解決辦法的政治行動。 b) 在保留現有各國政府管理機制和力量的基礎上,加強彼此的 溝通和協調,以解決一些共同面臨的問題。 c) 通過具有約束力的國際規制解決全球性的衝突、生態、人 權、移民、毒品、走私、傳染病等問題,以維持正常的國際政 治經濟秩序。 6 二氧化碳是造成溫室效應的主要氣體,因此雖然全球綠人憲 章訂定之標準為 450ppm,但台灣綠黨的立場則主張應將目標 設定降為低於 350ppm。 7 綠色採購 ecological purchasing: a) 以嚴格生態永續標準來採購如木材等,會於生產過程破壞生 態的產品。 b) 於消費時考量對環境造成的影響,優先採購對環境及人類健 康友善之綠色產品。

何不行動 ? 對各地的綠黨以及整個致力於綠色政治的大家庭來說 ,《全球 綠人憲章》表達出了共同的價值與遠見 , 並提供實際的行動準 則。但是

• 如何得知這些「原則 (principle)」 在台灣這塊土地上 , 關係 到什麼議題、什麼政策 ?

• 當這些抽象的概念與我們息息相關 , 我們可以怎麼具體執行 呢?

• 有沒有什麼平台可以讓我們持續地接收「全球綠人 (Global Greens) 的資訊 , 並了解世界各地綠黨實踐《全球綠人憲章》 的過程呢 ?

8 托賓稅 Tobin-Henderson Tax:或譯作「杜賓稅」。由經濟學 者詹姆士·托賓於 1972 年提出的財稅措施,主張針對現貨外 匯交易,徵收全球統一的稅額,其目的在於減少因投機性買賣 而造成市場的動盪。 9 超額利潤 full market rent:原文所用「full market rent」是指 經濟學的「經濟租」的概念。此處依照經濟學說法翻譯為較便 於了解的「超額利潤」,其揭櫫的目標較「使用者付費原則」 更高,除了其支付的市場價格外,所有環境外部成本皆由獲利 者負擔。

tfgg.contact@gmail.com

10 後進國家 the South:亦常譯為「南方國家」。指全球化之 下的南北對立中,相對弱勢的國家。 11 環境犯罪 evnvironmental crime:不利於環境的非法行為,例 如水污染、有害廢棄物處置、空氣污染、未經允許的設廠或油 品洩漏等。

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