Link
between nutrition and genetics in pullet production and how does it help monitor cossidiosis
Selective breeding programs focus on traits such as feed efficiency, skeletal strength, reproductive longevity, and egg production consistency. Feeding programs are developed specifically for the different genetic lines, in alignment with recommendations from the genetic companies. Genetic advancements have led to pullets with faster and more uniform growth, improved disease resistance, and optimized body composition to support higher and prolonged egg production.
As genetic lines evolve to grow faster and produce more eggs, their nutritional requirements must be precisely met to avoid developmental issues and maximize performance. Advanced genetic strains require carefully balanced diets with optimized amino acids, controlled energy levels, and adequate minerals, like calcium and phosphorus to support skeletal development and eggshell formation. Proper nutrition helps mitigate genetic predispositions to metabolic disorders, ensuring birds achieve their full productive potential.
Role of pullet nutrition in egg size
The growth and development of a pullet during the rearing phase have a direct impact on egg size during the laying period. Proper growth ensures pullets reach their target body weight at sexual maturity, which is essential for optimal egg size and production performance.
• Underweight pullets at the onset of laying produce smaller eggs, and catching up later is difficult, resulting in consistently smaller eggs.
• Overweight pullets may lay larger eggs, which can cause shell quality issues and increase the risk of prolapse.
Adequate skeletal growth is crucial for calcium storage, which influences eggshell thickness and size consistency. Proper liver development supports lipid metabolism, which is essential for yolk formation and egg weight regulation.
• A well-developed pullet with balanced fat reserves will have a more stable hormonal transition into laying, ensuring uniform and steady egg size increase.
Pullet nutrition plays a critical role in determining egg size by influencing body weight at sexual maturity, skeletal development, and nutrient reserves.
Proper nutrition during the pullet rearing phase (0-17 weeks) ensures birds reach their target weight before laying, as underweight pullets tend to produce smaller eggs, while overweight pullets may lay oversized or misshapen eggs.
Key nutritional factors affecting egg size include:
Protein and Amino Acids: Adequate levels, particularly methionine and lysine, support optimal body development and albumen (egg white) quality.
Energy Levels: Controlled energy intake prevents excessive weight gain, which can lead to large eggs that compromise shell quality.
Calcium and Phosphorus: Proper skeletal development during the pullet phase ensures efficient calcium mobilization for strong eggshells and consistent egg size.
Vitamins & Minerals: Essential nutrients like vitamin D3, zinc, and manganese contribute to eggshell integrity and size regulation. Poor pullet nutrition can lead to delayed maturity, reduced early egg size, and inconsistent egg production. By implementing phase feeding strategies and precision nutrition, producers can optimize pullet growth, ensuring ideal egg size distribution throughout the laying cycle.
Conclusion
Pullet nutrition is crucial in layer egg production because it directly influences skeletal development, body weight uniformity, reproductive health, and longterm laying performance. Proper nutrition during the pullet phase ensures the bird develops a strong skeletal structure capable of supporting high egg production and maintaining eggshell quality. Poor pullet nutrition can lead to delayed maturity, reduced peak production, and lower persistency in egg laying. If you have questions or would like to review your pullet nutrition program, please contact me at tankakhanal@grandvalley.com
The On-Farm OPG Project: Advancing Coccidiosis Control Through Data and Nutrition
by: Aline Pereira, M.Sc., DVM, Monogastric Nutritionist
In my last article for the Fall 2024 edition of Poultry Grist, I discussed the economic impacts of coccidiosis and the critical role of nutrition and nutritionists in mitigating or advancing the disease. Coccidiosis, one of the main concerns in poultry production systems, directly impacts bird performance and can lead to significant losses both in health and productivity. In this context, Grand Valley Fortifiers is committed to mitigating the impacts of coccidiosis by offering nutritional solutions and continuous monitoring of the disease in our clients' poultry operations.
Our commitment to improving poultry health and reducing the negative effects of coccidiosis is clear. To achieve these objectives, we have implemented systematic disease monitoring in a large portion of our clients' poultry farms through an innovative initiative called “On-farm OPG.” But what exactly does this term mean, and how does it contribute to controlling coccidiosis on farms?
What is OPG, and how does it help monitor coccidiosis?
OPG stands for “oocysts per gram of feces.” This technique involves counting the number of Eimeria spp. oocysts, the protozoa responsible for coccidiosis, in each gram of fecal sample from the birds. The higher the number of oocysts per gram of feces, the greater the challenge faced by the farm. Accurate detection of this number allows nutrition, veterinary, and farm management professionals to better understand the coccidiosis situation on each farm and make more informed decisions.
We understand that continuous and precise monitoring of coccidiosis is essential. Therefore, we are collecting fecal samples from broilers in a large portion of our clients' farms. This collection occurs once per flock, in both medicated and vaccinated operations, to ensure that all conditions are observed. The timing of the sample collection is crucial and must occur during the most important period of the coccidiosis cycle.
Additionally, samples are collected from all the barns on the farm and, in the case of two-story buildings, from both levels. This ensures a complete and detailed analysis of the sanitary state of each section of the farm. A common question that may arise is, “Why collect samples in medicated flocks?” The answer is simple and was highlighted in my previous article: coccidiosis medications, although effective, are not 100% efficient. In many cases, medication leads to the development of Eimeria-resistant strains, meaning the disease may not be completely prevented, even with medication. Therefore, we cannot guarantee that medicated flocks are free from coccidiosis, which makes monitoring essential.
Results of the on-farm OPG project
Since we started the On-farm OPG project, the results have been quite revealing. On average, 90% of operations using coccidiosis medication have the disease in a subclinical form. This means that, although clinical signs of the disease may not be visible, the effects of coccidiosis are still present, subtly affecting the birds' performance. This data is extremely important because it highlights the need for a more proactive approach to controlling coccidiosis, even in systems that use medication.
Moreover, we have observed significant variations in coccidiosis challenges according to the OPG values within the same farm. This occurs both between different barns on the same farm and between floors of a two-story building. These results emphasize the importance of considering each farm’s specific situation for coccidiosis, as the problem may vary in different areas of the farm. This allows us to be more precise in our recommendations and control strategies, considering the particularities of each environment.
A holistic approach to mitigating coccidiosis
Mitigating coccidiosis on a farm is not a simple task. It is a holistic process that involves multiple factors, including the choice of medications, the application of vaccines (in some cases), proper management practices, environmental control, biosecurity measures, and, of course, nutrition. Within the field of nutrition, Grand Valley Fortifiers excels in its ability to identify the size of the coccidiosis challenge on each farm and apply nutritional strategies that help control the disease. Nutrition plays a critical role in the fight against coccidiosis. At Grand Valley Fortifiers, we are dedicated to optimizing gut health in poultry through evidence-based strategies. Our approach involves the rational selection of feed ingredients, adjustments to nutrient levels, the use of specific additives, and the formulation of diets that specifically address the interaction with Eimeria. These practices not only help mitigate the impact of coccidiosis, but also enhance birds' overall productivity, promoting better health and performance across the flock.
Additionally, by correlating OPG data with flock performance data, such as final body weight, mortality rate, and FCR (Feed Conversion Ratio), we are able to identify trends and patterns that allow us to adjust nutritional interventions more effectively. For example, if a performance drop is identified on a farm, the OPG analysis may reveal if the size of the coccidiosis challenge in that flock is one of the contributing factors. With this information, we can work with the producer to implement corrective measures before the problem worsens in the next flock. In summary, coccidiosis is one of the most challenging diseases in poultry production, but with proper monitoring and the right nutritional strategies, we can significantly mitigate its impact. Through the On-farm OPG initiative, Grand Valley Fortifiers is providing a detailed and precise analysis of the coccidiosis situation on each farm, enabling producers to make more informed and effective decisions. Nutrition plays a crucial role in this process, and our holistic approach aims not only to control the disease but also to promote optimal bird health and performance, resulting in more efficient and profitable production. Would you like to learn more about this program? Contact your Poultry Specialist at Grand Valley Fortifiers today!
1-877-625-4400 | info@grandvalley.com
Roasted Soybeans: A Strategic Opportunity Amid Rising Tariffs on Soybean Meal Prices
by: Bram Evers, Poultry Specialist
Purchasing soybean meal (SBM) is a significant part of feed costs, with prices fluctuating based on market conditions. Recent years, particularly 2022 and 2023, have demonstrated this volatility. In addition to market dynamics, the political landscape and trade tariffs can influence both the cost and availability of SBM.
Roasting your own soybeans allows for greater control on your farms feed costs by using more of your own crops, without moving them off-farm. This can be especially beneficial when SBM prices are high, not readily available, or trucking services are scarce. On-farm roasting provides opportunity, and we see more and more producers utilizing this.
However, SBM and roasted beans are not 1:1 interchangeable. Three differences I would like to explain briefly include: crude fat, crude protein, and uniformity. Crude Fat (CF): SBM is a by-product of solvent extraction which removes almost all of the oil (fat) from the soybeans. The meal is what is leftover, resulting in a much lower CF. This is especially important for feeds that should have limited levels of energy. On the other hand, roasted beans bring opportunities for farms that need more energy in their feeds and can replace some or all vegetable oil/animal fat in their feed and thus in their feed mill.
• Crude Protein (CP):SBM has higher CP and amino acids levels per kilogram dry matter because the oil is removed. SBM also has better protein digestibility in general.
Uniformity: SBM is uniformly processed during the solvent extraction process, ensuring a consistent product. In contrast, roasted soybeans are processed as whole or ground beans, which increases the risk of uneven roasting. This can result in under- or over-processed beans, affecting digestibility and potentially having a negative impact on animal health and performance.
At Grand Valley Fortifiers, we work closely with farmers who have successfully incorporated roasted soybeans into their poultry feeds. Our team provides extensive nutrient analysis and expert consultation to ensure optimal outcomes. We also have access to a network of custom roasters, including specialists from our Direct Source Commodity desk, to help you make the best choices for your operation.
In summary, roasting soybeans on-farm offers cost savings, energy availability, and greater control over feed quality. Together with the Nutritionists, our Poultry Specialists are ready to help you review your rations and discover the opportunities to achieve your farm-goals and improve your bottom line.
We want to recognize that there are more ways of processing soybeans, for example extruding and expelling, but in this article, we wanted to focus on roasting. Please reach out to your Poultry Specialist at Grand Valley Fortifiers to learn more about the opportunities for your farm and business model!
Exploring Industry Innovations at IPPE and IPSF 2025
by: Aline Pereira, M.Sc., DVM, Monogastric Nutritionist, and Bram Evers, Poultry Specialist
This year, a group of colleagues from Nutrition, Operations, and Sales attended the International Production & Processing Expo (IPPE) in Atlanta, GA. The IPPE is the world's largest annual event for the poultry, egg, meat, and animal food industries. This really was a very educational and exciting show.
The official data showed that IPPE 2025 hosted over 1,300 exhibitors and 30,500 registered attendees, including nearly 9,000 international visitors from 129 countries. Canada had the largest international representation, making up 15% of attendees, while Latin America had the strongest regional presence, accounting for 49% of international visitors. This event is very relevant to modern poultry production.
From an on-farm feed perspective, there was a lot of different equipment on display, including mixers and grinders at every scale. We also took note of more options to process soybeans, some of which have been described in another article in this Grist about roasted beans.
On top of that, we met with many producers from Canada and the Netherlands, and it was very effective to have some discussions around the products from different exhibitors. A couple growing topics at these internationals shows like IPPE and Eurotier are animal welfare and reduction of antibiotic use. For the young (day-old) chickens, whether it be a broiler or pullet, we see how different stress actors reduce the immunity.
Ronan Santos, M.Sc. Monogastric Nutritionist
With MS Gold products at Farmers Depot, together with the expertise from MS Schippers, we have a product line that focuses exactly on this. With more concerns about chick quality, these products will improve the profitably of your new flock. Certain innovations were not available in Canada, but we are thankful for the opportunity to expand our network and see more of what could become commercially available in the future!
Held alongside the IPPE, the 2025 International Poultry Scientific Forum (IPSF) took place on January 27-28. The event brought together experts, academics, and industry professionals to discuss the latest advancements in research and science applied to the poultry sector. The forum provided a dynamic environment for discussions on innovations in areas such as nutrition, physiology, pathology, disease control, and emerging technologies in poultry processing. With the participation of various researchers, the event has become an important platform for sharing scientific discoveries that influence industry practices and approaches to improving efficiency and sustainability in poultry production. Another highlight was the Poultry Market Intelligence Forum, which offered a series of analyses and insights into the current and future state of the poultry industry. The event featured experts discussing key issues affecting the market, including economic, political, and consumer trends. One of the key points highlighted was the likely record soybean production in Brazil for the 2025 harvest, which is expected to put downward pressure on global oilseed prices, as the increased product availability may reduce shortages and, therefore, lower prices.
Attending the IPPE and IPSF provided the GVF team with valuable insights into industry advancements, networking opportunities, and innovations shaping the future of poultry production, and we look forward to sharing these with our customers.
Ronan brings broad experience in animal nutrition, with a strong academic and professional background. He holds both a bachelor's and a master’s degree in poultry nutrition from Brazil, where he also spent 12 years working as a corporate nutritionist for one of the world largest meat processing companies. In the last three years at the company, Ronan served as Poultry Nutrition Manager, leading nutritional programs for broilers, breeders, grandparents' breeders, and turkeys, working closely with feed milling, procurement, slaughter operations, and production management. Ronan’s career has also taken him around the world, with involvement in poultry nutrition projects in Turkey, Argentina, and Thailand. These international experiences have provided him with valuable insights into global production systems and nutrition strategies.
In 2020, Ronan relocated to Canada, where he assumed a role in swine nutrition and research and development at HyLife in Manitoba. There, he gained a deep understanding of Canadian pork production and meat quality, particularly for the Asian export market.
Now returning to his roots in poultry, Ronan joins GVF with a strong commitment to supporting local producers. He is eager to share his knowledge and contribute to improving efficiency and performance through GVF’s innovative solutions.
Outside of work, Ronan enjoys watching sports, playing soccer, and discovering new cuisines.
Please join us in welcoming Ronan to our team, his first day with us was March 5, 2025.
If you have any questions for our team, please feel free to contact Ronan at: ronansantos@grandvalley.com | 519-621-0241 ext.2278
Commodity Outlook
by: JP Thibault Business Development Manager
Nowadays, the trade war between the US and China is one of the main topics of discussion. The price of soybeans goes up or down depending on the latest headline. Everyone tries to predict the next chapter and what the final result will look like. Planting is going well in the USA and in both corn and soybeans, the progress is ahead of the 5-year average. With more than 94 million acres of corn expected and no hazards on the horizon. For the time being, we can tell you that there will be a lot of corn to deal with next winter. As for soybeans, with the number of acres significantly lower than in 2024, a period of smooth growth is more than desired in order to materialize the inflated yields of the USDA. As for soybean meal, domestic demand on the south side of the border is finally coming back to life with a sharp decrease in cases of avian influenza. However, with abnormally low inventories and attractive prices for vegetable oil, crushing plants will continue to operate at full capacity, which will promote an abundant supply of meal. Grain and oilseed future markets in 2025 will be shaped by a complex interplay between domestic agricultural policies, international trade relations and changing global demand.
Thought of the Day!
10 Do not say, “Why is it that the former days were better than these?” For it is not from wisdom that you ask about this. 11Wisdom along with an inheritance is good and an advantage to those who see the sun. 12 For wisdom is [a] protection just as money is [b]protection, But the advantage of knowledge is that wisdom preserves the lives of its possessors.
Ecclesiastes 7:10 – 12 NASB
In Ecclesiastes we’re given access to wisdom from King Solomon (we believe), who the Bible claims was the wisest man who ever lived. In these verses he reminds us how wise people learn from the past but live in the present with all its opportunities. He also reveals that wisdom is like an inheritance in that both provide protection, but wisdom is better, as it can preserve the lives of those who possess it.
