Grain Producer Winter/Spring 2024

Winter/Spring 2024

A life-threatening accident has changed the way Mid North grain producer Steve Ball approaches farming for the better WORST GRAIN ROAD WIN IS GRAIN UNINSURABLE? DRY SOWING: THE NEW NORM

FROM THE EDITOR

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Welcome to another edition of the much-anticipated Grain Producer magazine – Winter/Spring 2024.

We’ve experienced some of the driest conditions on record from 1 July 2023 to 30 June 2024 and yet, farmers continue doing what they do best. The resilience of our grain industry never ceases to amaze me.

In this edition we explore the normality of dry seeding and hear from grain producers across various cropping regions about how they’ve adapted to the lack of rainfall to start the season. We also explore trials on early crop establishment and deep sowing.

It’s important to tackle the big issues in this packed 104-page edition, such as the 3G switch off, rising farm insurance premiums, council rate increases, spray drift, and a struggle to source machinery parts.

The front cover story with Mid North grain producer Steve Ball is a remarkable one. It’s a lesson in overcoming adversity but also pivoting a farm busi-

ness when you need to. Not all best laid plans come to fruition!

One of the most interesting stories in this issue is about a doctor who has taken the initiative to bring other medical professionals onto farms to help them better understand the challenges they face.

Momentum is building for the inaugural South Australian Grain Awards, and we also celebrate the success of Grain Producers SA’s Worst Grain Road campaign – with millions of dollars being poured into fixing the State’s number one Worst Grain Road.

As always, I hope you enjoy the read. Share the magazine with your friends and family and spread the message about the importance of the grain industry.

Brad Perry, GPSA CEO

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Quick Questions

For as long as Ben Kemp can remember, he always wanted to be a farmer. And while days can be long, the reward for effort is well worth it. The Roseworthy grain producer farms at Roseworthy with his wife Jadine and children Peggy, Easton and Layne.

Name: Ben Kemp

Farm location: Roseworthy and surrounding areas

Grows: Wheat, Barley, Canola, Lentils, Certified Medic Seed and Oats

How long have you been involved in the grain industry?

My whole life. I’ve been actively home on the family farm for 20 plus years after doing a school based ag apprenticeship.

What’s your fondest memory on farm?

I have many fond memories of growing up on our family farm. I used to love catching lambs at marking time and also the first time I was able to drive our old 9230 Steiger tractor on my own at age 10.

What’s been the biggest challenge farming where you do?

Urban sprawl.

How would you describe seeding time at your farm?

Hectic. I’m normally the run around man making sure everyone has what they need to get the job done, from setting up the air seeder to collecting chemicals and everything inbetween.

Preference: Day shift or night shift for seeding? And why?

It’s a hard one, as I like the benefit of the ease of day shift and being able to see, but the night shift can be easy as well, as normally it’s just you out there by yourself to finish a paddock and no one else to run around for.

Go-to snack during seeding?

A Farmers Union Iced Coffee and a donut.

What do you love most about living in a country town and the community that comes with that?

Dream Job if you weren’t on the farm?

It’s not something I have ever given much thought to as for as long as I can remember all I wanted to do was to be a farmer.

Hobbies or interests outside of working on the farm?

Camping with family and our young kids.

I love living where we live as it is far enough away from town but it is close enough if you need anything, but, I feel we are slowly losing the small town county vibe as the urban environment gets ever closer.

What type of music do you listen to during seeding?

Kix Country or country Spotify playlists.

What advice would you give to a grain producer joining the industry?

If you have the passion, go for it. It’s long days and hard work but it’s worth it.

Best advice your parents ever gave you?

To believe we can achieve whatever

we put our minds to. They didn’t care if we (my brother and I) didn’t want to be farmers or take over the trucks, they just wanted to know what we wanted to do.

Favourite podcast?

How Moonshine Created NASCAR.

Favourite holiday destination?

Anywhere camping in Australia. Last book you read?

It’s been that long that I can’t remember.

Tarp

For some cropping regions it has been the driest start on record as….

DRY SOWING BECOMES THE NORM

Many South Australian grain producers have dry sown their entire crop for the first time ever with a lack of rainfall reaching historic lows in some cropping regions.

For parts of the Eyre Peninsula, Yorke Peninsula, Mid North and South East, Bureau of Meteorology mapping shows rainfall from 1 July 2023 to 30 June 2024 has been the lowest on record. Many other South Australian cropping regions recorded ‘very much below average’ rainfall over the same period.

It was also the eighth-driest April on record in the state, at a time when grain producers needed a breaking rain to get crop emergence happening.

There has been a major change in cropping systems over the past decade with more farmers planting dry, including many growers putting in 100 per cent of the crop dry for the first time ever this season.

SURVEY SHOWS EARLY START

A Grain Producers SA (GPSA) ‘Seeding and Season Outlook Survey’ found more than 60 per cent of South Australian growers started seeding in April or earlier, dry sowing before the season’s break.

The survey of almost 120 grain producers undertaken in April and May 2024,

(LEFT) HOME STRETCH: There was a lack of rainfall while seeding on Corbin Schuster’s farm at Freeling. (RIGHT) BETWEEN ROWS: Thunder lentil seedlings germinate on Alex Gill’s property on the Yorke Peninsula. Source: X (Twitter).

showed about 30 per cent of growers were still waiting for rain before starting their seeding program.

GPSA Chief Executive Officer Brad Perry said the lack of rain to kickstart the season had meant tough decisions on cropping programs had already been made by some grain producers.

“83 per cent of grain producers indicated they were seeding into dry soil and only three per cent were sowing into wet soil,” he said.

“From the feedback in the survey, it appears that many rotations, plans to plant canola and barley were scaled back due to the lack of starting rain and the late timing of the season.

Other key points from the survey:

• Grain producers rate their confidence for the season as an average of six out of 10.

• 73 per cent of grain producers were changing crop rotations this

year, predominantly due to the dry conditions and putting in more crop with less livestock on-farm.

• 77 per cent of growers were not planting more barley with the removal of China tariffs, 18 per cent are and two per cent indicated they aren’t in 2024 but will next season.

• 16 per cent of growers are planting GM canola in 2024 and have previously, 11 per cent are planting GM canola for the first time this season and 24 per cent are interested in doing so in the future.

Mr Perry said nearly half of the grain producers surveyed indicated they wouldn’t be changing what they planted from the previous season.

“Of those who are changing their rotations from last season to this season, the top choices are lentils (27%), wheat (24%), barley (24%), canola (12%), oats (11%), lupins (9%), vetch (9%), hay (9%) and beans (7%),” he said.

Normally many grain producers would, for example, dry sow 70 per cent of their crop and wait for rain before sowing the last 30 per cent. This season, it was the first time a lot of growers seeded 100 per cent of their crop dry.

This trend is not new but the reliance on dry sowing crops is becoming greater due to unpredictable weather conditions and there’s more money being invested into the research of dry sowing.

BENEFITS SOWING EARLY

A South Australian Grain Industry Trust (SAGIT) project on improving the early management of dry sown cereal crops, which ran from 2019 to 2022, found benefits in sowing early rather than waiting for the rain break.

“Generally, dry sowing improved early dry matter production but not yields when compared to seeding on the break,” the report on research findings found.

“Plant establishment was also consistently lower than the target, indicating higher seeding rates are needed for dry sowing.

“Soil type was found to be an important factor, with the red loam trials achieving better establishment of dry sown crops, less variability with fertiliser placement and better yields than grey calcareous soils.

“Plant establishment was improved by placing fertiliser three centimetres below the seed in all scenarios, while applying urea with seed reduced establishment.

When fertiliser is applied with seed, mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP 10:22) supported better plant establishment than di-ammonium phosphate (DAP 18:20).

“Pre-emergent herbicides were more likely to impact emergence in sandy soils, due to greater soil movement from wind. However, most herbicide and fungicide treatments did not impact establishment rates in these trials.”

THE FARMERS’ PERSPECTIVE ON DRY SOWING

YOU NEVER KNOW WHEN RAIN WILL COME

Mid North grain producer Anthony Pfitzner said most farmers nearby started dry sowing after no rain in May.

Anthony’s farm is based at Ngapala, near Eudunda, and he also farms near Farrell Flat and Coomandook.

“We started sowing around the 20th of April and finished on the 19th of June after pulling up for a couple weeks at Coomandook due to the non-wetting sand and ground cover and erosion concerns,” he said.

“Small rainfall events at the beginning of June meant crops germinated very slowly and only started emerging between the 15th and 20th of June, depending on how much rain was received.

“It’s a very late start. We are going to need a good Spring to even get to an average yielding year.”

For Anthony, dry sowing has been well and truly established in his cropping calendar.

“The old saying is that it doesn’t grow in the bin,” he said.

“We’ve sown dry plenty of times. We sow by the calendar and you never know when you’ll jag that unexpected 10 millimetres and you are away.”

Anthony credits modern farming practices with being able to adapt to the dry conditions.

“Even for a (bad) rainfall total year, we still need a fair bit of rain between now and year’s end, so there is hope,” he said.

“I think we were lucky not to have that big windy westerly change we can sometimes get as there would have been some horrible dust blowing. Having said that, we are all getting better at trying to maintain soil cover and direct

NO RAIN: Seeding 2024 was a dusty affair for most farmers across South Australia. Source: X (Twitter).

drilling helps a lot which is a credit to the work of SANTFA over the years.”

SOWING DEEPER CROPS THAN EVER BEFORE

At Paruna in the Northern Mallee, grain producer Jock McNeil started seeding early at the end of March and wrapped up the program on the 5th of June.

This season the McNeils are cropping wheat, barley, cereal rye, lentils and vetch.

Jock describes the dry start as “up there with the most frustrating seeding conditions we have faced”.

“We started dry sowing and then had five to 20 millimetres of rain in early April on some areas of the farm, which allowed for the opportunity of sowing winter wheats, vetch and lentils,” he said.

“Mid-April we chased subsoil moisture, sowing seed deeper than ever before.

“By late April it became difficult as we

couldn’t reliably wet or dry sow and with no rain on the outlook, we were forced to cut working hours.

“We just chipped away while conditions were in no man’s land, then ramped up as the end of May rain approached.

“We finished sowing on some paddocks after the rain that we considered to be too vulnerable for dry sowing, e.g. ameliorated or low ground cover paddocks.

Lots of grain producers in the Mallee continue to build confidence with dry sowing, according to Jock.

“I think in general grain producers are still optimistic despite the dry start. Our farming systems are continually evolving and becoming rather robust even under extreme conditions. We are all hoping for a kind-to-exceptional Spring, that’s for sure,” he said.

“It’s a real challenge as uncertainty starts to take over and rightly so as

“Some crops will have a six week difference in emergence in the same paddock, which can become hard to manage in crop protection and harvest.”

Jock McNeil, Paruna grain producer

“Crops are a mixed bag in terms of growth stage and timing of sowing, but we are happy with germination and optimistic about the potential, even though we are certainly on the tail end of optimal timing.”

there is lots of dollars on the line and not all dry sowing outcomes are positive.

“I think most farms are set up for some ‘no-brainer’ dry sowing options on a percentage of the rotation, so hopeful-

SKIES OF FIRE: The sunset put on a brilliant show for Matthew Davey while out seeding on the Yorke Peninsula. Source: X (Twitter).

ly that’s a large enough portion to capture early potential benefits.

“Many growers, including myself, will have made plenty of decisions that will be reviewed in hindsight!”

WAITING FOR MOISTURE NO LONGER AN OPTION

About five kilometres west of Minlaton at Koolywurtie on the Yorke Peninsula, grain producer David Edwards crops wheat, barley, canola and lentils.

David no longer waits for moisture before sowing.

“Most farmers start sowing on their favourite calendar date, regardless of moisture,” he said.

“We started sowing on the 20th of April and crops are finally out the ground (late June).

“Our program usually starts with canola, but being so dry, we started with lentils then put canola in last.”

David Edwards, Koolywurtie grain producer

“With the dry start, hopefully there is more rain towards the end of the growing season. Let’s hope it’s a long season because we are about five weeks behind normal.”

After 55 years of farming, David remains the eternal optimist, even with the driest of starts.

“We just take the risk. My attitude is that it will eventually rain on the Yorke peninsula,” he said.

Despite the lack of rainfall, David said pests remain a big threat to his operations.

“Soil erosion hopefully is a thing of the past with our direct seeding technology, but we do bait for mice during seeding and bait snails at 10 kilograms per hectare before and after planting,” he said.

DRY: Deep cracks in the soil on a grain property in the South East highlights how dry some regions were prior to seeding. Source: X (Twitter).

NO TILL: Seeding dry on Russell Zwar’s farm in the Mid North as the wait for breaking rain continued. Source: X (Twitter).

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Early research results show dry sowing benefits

CANOLA HEAT STROKE? NO WAY!

A national project is assessing the factors that impact canola establishment with a field day held at Wynarka, in the Mallee, providing an insight into the influence of deeper sowing and de-risking seeding programs. Poor canola establishment costs the grains industry more than $100 million per year, so there’s plenty on the line to get this right.

Adouble pronged field trial at Andrew Thomas’ farm at Wynarka, in South Australia’s Mallee, is demonstrating key factors in the successful early establishment of canola and wheat.

The GRDC and CSIRO Crop Establishment Showcase held in June 2024 looked at not only the opportunities and challenges shown so far in the field trials, but also approaches to dry seed-

ing and deep sowing on non-wetting soils in wheat and canola.

NO SILVER BULLET SOLUTION

Project Lead, Dr Kenton Porker of CSIRO, said there was no single answer to getting the best out of canola germination, but the field trials had assessed many options.

“We’re dealing with an incredibly dry Autumn. And for me, the thing that I

want to get thinking about is ‘imagine a world where we could actually establish crops with the absence of Autumn rainfall,’” he told the Showcase.

“I think you’ll all hear stories where parts of your paddock, or in certain scenarios, crops have established in the absence of Autumn rainfall. As a researcher, I’m interested in what the innovations are that allow that to happen and establish a crop in the absence

VARYING RESULTS: The dry and deep seeding trial plots, sown at different times, depths and rates at Wynarka in the Mallee, are demonstrating a wide variance in results.

of Autumn rainfall, in very marginal conditions.”

Dr Porker said many grain producers plant earlier to maximise opportunities of any non-forecasted rain events.

“Often when we talk about plant establishment, everybody talks about how many plants they’ve got but for me it’s about timing of establishment. How we can get our canola in early so that in this part of the world we are basically punching out a flower by the end of July,” he told the gathering on the Showcase field walk.

“As little as five to 10 plants per metre squared at the start of April, can be

achieved with the right maturity. It gets harder the later we get, to close that canopy up, so plant density becomes more important the later it is.

“Soil temperature, that’s something we are trying to understand and what is too hot for canola.

“One thing we are trying to get our head around is the maximum temperatures on canola.

“I don’t know if you’ve been at the beach and it’s 30 degrees late in the afternoon and it’s so dry that the sand feels hot. What we’re finding is that in the top two centimetres, sandy soils can be up to 10 to 15 degrees hotter

than the actual air temperature late in the day.

“When you go looking for information (on) what’s too hot for a canola seed, you can’t find it, so we’ve been working through one-degree intervals in the lab trying to work that out.

“Basically, up to 35 degrees, canola is pretty safe, and it’ll keep growing and germinating. Once you get to 38 degrees, it’s like a cliff face, it just stops germinating and the rate of germination slows down dramatically.

“We sowed (the trials) on the 28th of March just before Easter. I don’t know if anyone remembers Easter, it was fan-

IN FOCUS - DRY SEEDING

tastic beach weather with four days of 35 degrees, and we were trying to really find the limits of canola.

“What we found is the dry soil is hot soil and the wet soil is cool soil in the top two centimetres.

“On the Saturday, when the air temper-

“So, you might only see 35 to 40 degrees for a few hours late in the afternoon but even sowing at five centimetres (depth) it really takes out that hot effect.”

Dr Porker said despite limited data, it appeared that an early germination in canola is better than waiting for rain to plant as canola emergence is more im-

to ease off in the event of a late start, possible changes in crop intentions etc, remain difficult and could be regarded as risky decisions. Typically, we will know the answers in three to four months’ time – but that doesn’t help us to know when we have had to make the call”.

“What I think is really interesting, is where dry sowing sits now, compared to 20 years ago.”

Barry Mudge

About 100 grain producers, agronomists and stakeholders gather at CSIRO/GRDC’s Crop Establishment Showcase at Wynarka.

“If we’d have been here 20 years ago, we would have been talking a lot more about how can we get effective crop establishment under dry sowing.

“I think we’ve all accepted that dry sowing is part of our system now. It’s best practice. It’s a no-brainer. It’s more about some of the intricacies that go into that decision.

“On our own farm, we started seeding on the 15th of April and we just wandered along quietly. This phrase ‘the gentlemen’s hours’ came through pretty strongly and I’ve heard a lot of people talk about it. Eventually we got so sick of waiting…(and) we just said ‘let’s just go for it and finish the job’ because it dragged on for so long.

“One of the things that I think comes out of this is the concept of how hard to go when we’re dry seeding?” Mr Mudge said he uses a seeding index which looks at five critical factors.

“It’s essentially just identifying some of what I call critical success factors of whether we want to be going hard or not. And I’ve got five of them for my farm – current season stage, seeding

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capacity, stored soil water, weed burden and the rain forecast for the next two weeks. Now, yours will be different, but they are mine,” he said.

“The problem is that there’s always some combination of those five factors sitting in our head and we’re saying ‘look, how the hell do we handle this’?

“You wake up at three o’clock in the morning still questioning, are we going to go hard on this or not? All the seeding index tries to do is take it out of your head and put it down in a structured fashion.”

RARE BUT NOT UNPRECEDENTED

South Australian Research and Development Institute Climate Scientist Dr Peter Hayman told attendees that records show the dry start is rare but not unprecedented.

“An Australian-wide standard definition of ‘break of season’ is 25 millimetres in three days and you would love to have 25 millimetres in three days.

Earlier on, we had about 15 millimetres in three days (in Karoonda),” he told those at the showcase.

“(In Karoonda) from 1910 to present, 54 per cent of the years that rule’s been met. And so, the question of how unusual was it for that not to be met by May 31? It’s 96 per cent - about a one in 20-year event. It is very rare, but it’s not unprecedented.”

“There were three millimetres on the 20th of April and then a 42-day wait before a decent rain. That was a problem, as the canola didn’t survive in that situation. How rare is that? As far as I can see, long-term records on canola show that the wait between germination but not emergence, half the time, it’s less than 10 days.

“One in five years, the wait is 27 days. And 1 in 10 years is 43 days. What this says, is that the length of the wait in 2024 was rare, but not unprecedented. 2024 is a useful season to learn from because it will happen this way again.”

Regarding future weather events, Dr Hayman had this to say:

“If I look at the international models, some are picking up this La Nina and have a more positive outlook in this region,” he said.

“This time last year, we were really expecting a much more dire outlook. Now things are looking more neutral.”

TRIALS DIG DEEP

One of the participants in the trials was Michael Eyres, Soil Systems Research Officer at Field Systems Australia. He said certain soils will respond to dry sowing in various ways.

“It has been dry indeed. Things have started to move with a few lifesaving rain events, although invariably into colder soil conditions,” he said.

“One consolation has been that in many areas we still have subsoil moisture carryover from earlier rains at the start of summer. It’s the surface moisture we lack. Irrespective of the dry

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start, and this year because of the dry start, we really do need to start thinking more broadly in relation to dry sowing techniques for every season in South Australia.

“Farmers now generally sow dry and the science of dry fracture, dry fill and the vigour of the emerging seedling is not that well understood, despite all and sundry largely thinking we have a good handle on it. Some hard questions need to be asked. I actually think we need a whole of industry review of No-Till to better adapt it to the dry sowing techniques we now largely employ as an industry.

“There has definitely been a rapid increase in growers dry sowing prior to opening rains. All variables need to be considered obviously, with herbicide history, potential weed burden and all, but most farmers and their agronomists have that picture in hand.

“Certain soils will respond better to dry sowing and in some instances, we can have unforeseen germination issues in dry sown soils.

“Most farmers have a good general awareness on dry sowing and what is required. Certainly more needs to be understood. Most farmers would love to always be sowing into perfect moisture, but that luxury isn’t always

available, so we need to be asking more pertinent questions in the dry sowing space.”

GROWER VIEWS ON WYNARKA TRIALS

SCOTT AND ZOE STARKEY, MURRAY PLAINS

At the Showcase were Murray Plains grain producers Scott and Zoe Starkey. The pair farm at Sanderston, cropping wheat, barley, canola and lentils, as well as oats and vetch for hay.

They started sowing on the 15th of April and finished in early June, describing most of the seeding as “gentlemen’s hours” and 80 per cent sown dry.

“We were surprised with how much germinated on the lighter soil types after very minimal rainfall for the year, giving full credit to the Spring 2023 rain and summer weed control,” Zoe said.

“We always sow a portion of our program dry; we have to where we live, but with the previous season paired with the 2022 Spring rainfall, we had more confidence going into this season dry.

“We have quite a mix in our area, the size of the program, soil types and

weed pressure influences significantly. Some will sow by the calendar and others will wait until there is something firm on the forecast.

“Historically, Spring rainfall ends for us at the start of September, making our season/window of opportunity short. The dry at the end of the season can be much harder to take than the dry at the start.”

So what did the Starkeys learn from the trials at Wynarka?

“Canola isn’t as fragile as we thought. Sowing deeper and earlier showed some good establishment results (and) this is something we will be looking at closer next year - exactly how that might look on our soil types,” Zoe said.

One of the challenges with sowing deep for the Starkeys, is stone.

“On some of our paddocks we can’t get the seed bed any deeper, but certainly on the paddocks where we can, it’s something to look at. Each year will vary though as to where the subsoil moisture is in the soil profile,” she said.

EWAN PORKER, KAROONDA

Mixed cereal and livestock farmer at Karoonda, Ewan Porker, was a keen observer at the Wynarka trials.

SOILS SAMPLES: Murray Plains grain growers Scott and Zoe Starkey at the CSIRO/GRDC trial sites at Wynarka.

(LEFT) ENGAGED: Dr Kenton Porker explains the different seeding depths and setups used for the canola trial. (RIGHT) Upper North farmer and GRDC RiskWi$e consultant Barry Mudge presents to the Wynarka attendees.

This season his cropping program predominately involves barley due to the late start, with a small area of vetch, lentils, wheat and triticale.

Thanks to rainfall in May, Ewan didn’t need to dry sow, starting in late May and finishing at the end of June.

From the Wynarka trials, he sees promise in sowing deeper with the correct varieties.

“You can’t beat early sowing for root growth,” he said.

“(You can) sow with more confidence into moisture at depth.

“Pp requirements would be a major factor putting me off.”

JAMES STACEY, MURRAY BRIDGE

Murray Bridge and Langhorne Creek farmer James Stacey said a majority of his crop was dry sown this year.

“We started seeding at the end of April with vetch and beans and sowed the remaining wheat, barley and oats in midMay,” he said.

James said continuous croppers seem to be sowing to a calendar date, whether it’s dry or not, but some mixed farmers are waiting for a break before seeding.

“Our seeding program can be completed in three weeks, so we don’t go super early. Most of our crop is sown at the ideal time according to GRDC data and agronomic advice,” he said.

There were plenty of takeaways for James from the Wynarka trials.

“Canola is sensitive to high soil temps if sowing very early. Sowing in March or early April, especially on sand, can be risky. Not much rain is required to get crops out of the ground early with higher soil temps.

“There was a great discussion on sowing depth and issues around that with packing pressures and risk of seed fertiliser contact.

“We sowed crops deeper this year on top of saved moisture from Summer spraying. We had crops up on no rain, on some soil types.

“It’s good to see plant breeders focusing on new varieties that can be sown deeper. We sowed Calibre Wheat which can be sown deeper than Sceptre. Trials give us more confidence to go deeper if we need to.”

NIC SCHUMACHER, COOMANDOOK

Coomandook grain producer Nic Schumacher started sowing in mid to late April with 100 per cent going in dry for the first time.

This season Nic has planted 300 hectares of canola, 600 hectares of barley, 500 hectares of wheat, 150 hectares of beans and 150 hectares of lupins.

Nic said sowing dry “is the right thing to do” but he has been sowing in deeper to find the moisture, and hence his interest in the trials at Wynarka.

“As long as there’s moisture and the crop can establish, sow it,” he said.

“Sowing deeper into moisture is great for establishment, but in non-wetting sands, establishment is not even.”

Grain producers likely won’t

be able to use stronger

ACCESS

mouse bait this season… DENIED

MOUSE PROBLEM: GPA’s application for grain producers to access 50g/kg Zinc phosphide (ZP50) mouse bait (double strength) was rejected by the APVMA. Image Source: GPA

South Australian grain producers are unlikely to have access to the 50g/kg Zinc phosphide (ZP50) mouse bait in 2024 after a permit was rejected.

Zinc phosphide (ZnP) coated grain bait is the only mouse bait registered in Australia for broadacre application within crops and is used regularly at the dosage of 25g/kg. ZnP coated grain bait has been used continuously since the mid 1990’s to control mice numbers in crops and reduce damage.

PERMIT ISSUED DURING MOUSE PLAGUES

During the height of the mouse plague in May 2021, a new industry permit was issued to Grain Producers Australia (GPA) by the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority

(APVMA) allowing growers access to ZP50 mouse bait.

This option resulted from a research collaboration between CSIRO, Australia’s national science agency, funded by the Grains Research and Development Corporation. The collaboration also included input from growers through the National Mouse Management Group.

A number of farm chemical manufacturing companies were also included on the GPA permit, enabling the ZP50 product to be legally manufactured and sold to growers.

With this permit due to expire in October 2022, GPA applied and received an extension to ensure growers could continue accessing this mouse control option, as needed, to protect their crops.

GPA then again applied for an extension of the permit to produce ZP50 mouse bait in November 2023, with the permit subsequently denied by the APVMA.

The APVMA issued the following statement regarding the application to extend the permit, which expired on 31 December 2023.

“Permit number PER90799 to allow supply and emergency use of an unregistered agvet chemical product for control of mice in certain crops and pasture expired on 31 December 2023. There are currently no permits to authorise the supply and use of any 50 g/kg zinc phosphide product in any State or Territory of Australia. A person (supplier) must not supply a 50 g/kg Zinc Phosphide product and persons with any remaining product in their possession must not use the product without a current permit being in place”.

SURVEY SHOWS SUPPORT

A grower survey run by Grain Producers SA indicated the double-strength mouse bait was the preferred option for South Australian grain producers, due to its effectiveness in reducing mice impacting their crops.

The survey showed that 78 per cent of participating farmers have had crop yields impacted by mice in the past two years.

To better understand dealing with mice in high numbers and baiting on-farm, GPSA surveyed South Australian grain producers throughout March and April 2024 and received 148 responses.

GPSA Chief Executive Officer Brad Perry said the survey demonstrated that when South Australian grain producers had access to the double strength mouse bait, they found it effective.

“According to the survey, South Australia grain producers that used the double strength mouse bait under permit rated it as 90 per cent effective,

compared to the single dose at only 50 per cent effective,” he said.

“It is clear from the comments in the survey that grain producers believe the double strength mouse bait is not only more effective than the ZP25 (25g/ kg Zinc Phosphate) but also more efficient.

“While mouse numbers are being reported as patchy across the state, many grain producers in the survey were concerned about timing of access to a stronger bait if numbers grew quickly”

Brad Perry, GPSA CEO

KEEP AN EYE OUT FOR MICE

GRDC Pests Manager Leigh Nelson said that monitoring and reporting mice numbers is essential, and growers

KEY RESULTS FROM THE GPSA MOUSE BAIT SURVEY:

• 78 per cent of grain producers had crop yields impacted by mice in the past two seasons

• 64 per cent of respondents used ZP50 mouse bait under permit in 2023

• Growers on average rated the double strength mouse bait effectiveness as 9 out of 10

• 47 per cent found ZP25 to be effective in controlling mouse numbers

• Growers who use ZP25 rate its effectiveness as 5 out of 10 on average.

should refer to the GRDC Mouse Management webpage for detailed information about management options.

“Mouse populations at the moment show patchy activity levels – moderate to high activity in one paddock but low in the next,” Dr Nelson said.

“This variability highlights the importance of active monitoring by growers to assess the potential risk to their crops.

“Growers and advisors are encouraged to report mouse activity via MouseAlert and follow @MouseAlert on X (formerly Twitter) for updates.

CSIRO mouse researcher Steve Henry said now is the time for growers and advisers to actively monitor mouse activity.

“Moderate or high mouse numbers are a concern for this time of year (June) due to it coinciding with the seeding of winter crops, which is when significant economic damage can occur,” Mr Henry said.

ARE FARMERS BEING USED AS CA $ H COWS?

South Australian farmers, including grain producers, are being hit with rising rates by many councils across the state. As cost of doing business continues to bite, farmers have sent a strong message to the decision makers that it is no longer fair for farmers to be used as cash cows.

Councils across the state’s cropping regions have proposed significant rate rises above the Consumer Price Index (CPI) in their 2024-25 annual business plans, prompting farmers to voice their concerns.

After a dry start and continued high input costs, grain producers, and farmers in general, are concerned about how proposed council rate rises of more than 10 per cent, in some cases, will impact their business bottom line.

TRACTORS OUT IN MALLALA

Local grain producers were among those involved in a tractor rally in June, where Adelaide Plains ratepayers protested proposed council rate rises.

Before an ordinary council meeting in Mallala, farmers drove a succession of almost 30 tractors up the main street protesting the proposed rates increase for primary producers.

This sentiment is not isolated to the Adelaide Plains area, with growers voicing concerns over significant proposed primary producer rate rises at many council chambers across the state.

Retired grain producer and Adelaide Plains Ratepayers and Residents Association President John Lush said many farmers are concerned about the proposed rate increases across the state.

“Adelaide Plains Council (APC) is proposing an 18 per cent rate rise for primary producers and 13.7 per cent for residential, plus a 50 per cent increase on fixed charge,” he said.

“The APC already has one of the highest rate levels in South Australia, second only to Yankalilla.

“I currently pay $50,000 a year (in council rates) and they want to increase it by 18 per cent.”

John Lush, Residents Association President

“Farmers believe they are being unfairly targeted to save council from its poorly managed financial disaster.”

Mr Lush said farmers are angry that their concerns about proposed rate rises are often falling on deaf ears.

“The tractor demonstration was prompted by farmers angry that their elected members failed to listen to their concerns on the proposed rate rises and said enough is enough. It’s time we take a leaf out of the French farmers’ book and made them listen,” he said.

“We told the Mayor that while this was a peaceful protest, if they did not listen to our concerns, the next protest might not be so peaceful.

“Farmers are being targeted to bear the brunt of rate rises as they are perceived to be wealthy by councillors who have no idea about farming, and don’t care about the impact on famers’ bottom lines.

“They just see farmers as a bottomless pit of money to prop up their mindless spending. They seem unable to cut their spending to fit the budget, and instead want to raise rates to cover their spending wish list.

“We believe this is an issue for farmers right across South Australia and we are being contacted by farmers from other rural councils saying we have the same problem and how do we pull this together to have an impact for all SA farmers?”

NOT HAPPY: Farmers stage a peaceful protest to send a message against the Adelaide Plains Council (APC)’s proposed rate rise for primary producers.

In the Plains Producer, Redbanks farmer Anthony Verner shared similar sentiments.

“It’s very concerning when the council’s rates are one of the highest in the state already, and what they want to do is increase on top of what is (already) one of the highest,” he said.

Adelaide Plains Council Mayor told local print media that he was supportive of the community getting together to express their feelings about proposed rate rises.

“I went outside the chamber and spoke to a number of farmers, and I saw it (the tractor protest) as a very positive approach to getting their message across to elected members.”

YORKE PENINSULA FARMERS UP IN ARMS

The Yorke Peninsula Council was also feeling similar pressure from farmers, following concerns about proposed rate rises and an additional rate to fund road maintenance.

The Council proposed primary production land use be placed at 43 per cent of the residential rate, with an additional five per cent road maintenance and renewal loading levy.

Yorke Peninsula grain producer Mark Schilling said rising council rates were a big concern amongst farmers he has spoken to.

“If you are a cynic, one would say that the wealth gap that has been created in land values over the last 10 years is a pretty big one,” he said.

“I believe it is a state-wide issue and it (rate rises) will put pressure on individual growers. If we have a drought, there will be considerable pushback.

In July, the Yorke Peninsula Council’s proposed additional rate on primary producers to fund road maintenance and renewal was passed at four per cent instead of the original five per cent.

It was reported the Council received 40 responses opposing the new rating model, with a strong argument be-

ing that the roads are not just used by farmers.

SEEING THE LIGHT

The Light Regional Council has rejected a proposed rate rise of nine per cent for primary producers.

Freeling grain and hay producer Corbin Schuster told the Stock Journal, council rates are levied on increases in land value, and this was driven by small sales of land parcels in his region.

“We’ve had two big land sales in recent years, one was a large company, and the other was an Adelaide-based lawyer, and the prices were far above what any farmer whose primary business was agriculture, could afford,” he said.

Primary Producers SA Chair Simon Maddocks said increasing council rates were just another impost to farmers’ bottom line.

“This is another added cost in a year that’s not looking like it’s going to roll out particularly well. We want to make

sure councils are cognisant of the pressures in their local communities and they’ll get that, if people communicate with them,” he said.

A MIXED BAG ON TIGHT MARGINS

Grain Producers SA Deputy Chair and Eyre Peninsula grain producer Peta Willmott said it depends on where you live, as to the increase in rates.

“There are inconsistent rate rises across the State. Some rate rises are extremely high. This creates a large disparity between producers in different areas, causing competition issues as well as profit concerns for those most impacted,” she said.

“There are also inconsistent rating systems in some councils, with primary production being weighted heavily in some. Other Councils have traditionally had very low-rate increases, and now with increasing costs, are having to introduce large increases to meet their budgetary needs.

“Locally, Kimba District Council has stuck to a Consumer Price Index (CPI) increase this year. This is consistent with their 10-year financial plan and what is needed to fund it. There was a substantial rise to primary production in the 23-24 year due to a change from rating on site value to rating on capital value.”

Mrs Willmott said farmers are usually planning for just a CPI increase.

“As we are producers in a more marginal area, our profit margins are well planned and quite slim currently. This is due to all costs of production, including overheads, rising strongly,” she said.

“Council rates rising well above CPI is a blow to the budget. We had a big rise last year which hurt. In poor years, we can cut a lot of cost rises out by cutting spending, but you cannot cut the spending on rates. Whether we have a crop or not, these expenses must be met.

“I really think basing rate calculations on capital value has a big impact on

PLANNING: EP grain producer and GPSA Director Peta Willmott.

farmers currently. We have seen a huge increase in land valuations. It has lost most, if not all relevancy in some areas, to the profit margins which can be achieved.

“Unless you are in the business of selling down your land holdings, increasing rates based on current land valuations, is a stress to the business.

“In South Australia, we are vulnerable to natural disasters and poor seasons. High council rates are expenses which cannot be adjusted.”

GRAIN PAIN: INSURANCE RISKS WE CAN’T AFFORD

South Australian grain producers need farm insurance. It’s a necessity in operating in an industry where risk exists every day. However, growers are being forced to make unimaginable risky decisions due to insurance and premium costs jumping astronomically over the past five years. But can grain producers afford the risk?

The past five years have dealt grain producers in South Australia, and across the country, a multitude of severe weather events, from bushfires to floods and hail. As a result, insurance premiums have continued to rise from what was seen as affordable in the early 2000s to the sky-high costs today.

The insurance premium increases for farmers has led to concerns over under-insuring of key assets.

GRAIN INSURANCE PAIN

There’s no easy solution to the situation the agriculture industry faces in Australia when it comes to farm insurance but as Episode 3 Founding Director Andrew Whitelaw points out, the grain sector is taking the brunt of the premium rises.

“The reality is that everything on the farm is getting more expensive,” he says.

“Insurance has been one of the costs which has increased dramatically in recent times. The average insurance cost paid by a cropping farm (based on ABARES surveys) has increased at a signif-

icant premium to other industries, such as beef and sheep enterprises.

“There are several reasons why this is the case. Firstly, farms are increasing in scale. Therefore, the overall premium for insurance has gone up, however, if we break down the cost in the survey data versus the area covered, the cost per hectare has increased dramatically.”

Mr Whitelaw says there is unlikely to be any relief on the horizon when it comes to farm insurance.

“We expect insurance to continue to rise, most likely above CPI, in the coming years,”

Andrew Whitelaw, Episode 3

“The higher costs of a claim have a significant impact; for example, if the header catches on fire during harvest –it is a claim for a very expensive piece of equipment along with the possibility of high-priced grain.

“It is important to understand the basics of insurance and risk; it’s akin to going to the bookies. If the insurer thinks that there is a low likelihood of them losing money, then the premium (or odds) will be lower. Conversely, if they feel that there is a big risk of paying out or that the payout would be huge, then the premium will grow.

“This is the environment that we are in now. The risk of payout is considered higher, and the cost of a payout is considered high. It is the insurers’ job to not pay out more than they receive in.”

The situation where grain producers are potentially under-insuring is very real, according to Mr Whitelaw.

“Anecdotally, we are hearing of more farmers deciding to self-insure. This is a risky proposition, especially if it is not true ‘self-insurance,’” he says.

“While self-insuring might save money on insurance premiums, it exposes the farm to significant financial vulnerability. A single catastrophic event could lead to devastating financial consequences, potentially threatening the farm’s sustainability and the farmer’s livelihood.

“Without the safety net of an insurance policy, the farmer must have substantial reserves or other financial strategies in place to cover these unpredictable and potentially massive expenses.

“This is a key point, that many are not truly self-insuring. They are not paying the premium but then not setting aside for a future disaster. This saving from not insuring is going to other activities on or off-farm, so it is a saving of the premium but not really self-insurance. Farmers have to ensure they are not kidding themselves that they are self-insuring when in fact they are just not paying the premium.”

INSURANCE IMPORTANT

Mallala grain producer Richard Konzag has cropping operations in South Australia and Western Australia, as well as a trucking business.

He describes farm insurance as “extremely important” and admits his farms wouldn’t operate without insurance as the risk is too high.

“The cost of insurance has dramatically risen in the last few years, and this has an effect on profitability and our risk profile as we consider reducing the number of policies,” he says.

“Crop insurance is an area that insurers seem to be less interested in, with fewer companies interested in quoting and only taking on a set number of clients.

“The pinery fire that burned about 90,000 hectares in five hours, was a landmark event for the insurance industry. It tested policies and their level of cover, and most farmers affected, learned a lot about their insurance cover and what they were and weren’t covered for. Premiums increased after this event.”

Richard says he’d like to see “more players in the market” to drive competition and reduce the cost of premiums.

APPETITE FOR RISK

At Barunga Gap on the Yorke Peninsula, Tom Michael crops lentils, wheat, canola and barley, as well as running sheep.

Tom has public liability insurance, Farmpak, motor and crop insurance all on his insurance schedule. However, he admits the premiums have been challenging to manage.

“We choose to carry some of the risk to minimise our premiums but believe insurance is crucial to protect against catastrophe,” he says.

“Like everyone and everything, our premiums have increased. Whilst staying with the same broker we have changed providers. With this we have tried to keep our yearly premium increases to a minimum by increasing our excess liability.

“We have had no problem acquiring insurance. In saying this, we have chosen to maintain a long relationship with our broker rather than chase lower premiums online.

“Everyone has different appetites to risk and choose to insure differently. It certainly requires more attention than it has in the past to ensure money is not wasted.”

While Tom says his farm has not experienced a significant disaster for some

time, insurance claims have been given a workout due to an abundance of local wildlife interactions.

“Our farm, as well as all of our neighbours, are having trouble with kangaroos and our vehicles,” he says.

“Recently our car was damaged, and I called five repairers, and it was a minimum 16 weeks to get booked in for repair. The panel beaters are completely sick of it, and it won’t be long until disaster strikes, and someone is killed. The kangaroo population is out of control.

“Our car is still damaged after hitting a kangaroo. Thankfully we have a bull bar, so it is usable but waiting four to six months to get a car repaired is unacceptable.”

Tom says farmers are paying more for insurance but aren’t receiving better service as a result.

“Insurance companies’ service is not keeping up with their premium increases. Two examples of this: one of our sheds was damaged with a localised storm. The insurance company could not supply builders to repair the shed in a timely manner, so they cashed out the

PAYING MORE: Tom Michael from Barunga Gap on the Yorke Peninsula says farmers are choosing to carry insurance risk. Source: GGL.

SPIKE: Cropping Insurance costs have risen dramatically, well ahead of rises experienced in other agriculture industries. Source: ep3.

job and I had to fix it myself. This worked for me but was not the intention of the policy. When the insurance was purchased, it was for things to be fixed when disaster struck rather than a payout,” he said.

PREMIUMS UP 400 PER CENT

When Mid North grain producer James Venning was told by his insurance broker that there wasn’t enough capacity to cover him, he was shocked but not surprised.

“My agent of 20 plus years informed me last year that they didn’t have capacity to cover me,” James says.

“A few growers have gone back to fire insurance only. This has resulted in significant savings, but you lose a lot of perks (spray drift, transport and storage coverage etc).”

Insurance premiums have gone up by 400 per cent in the area James farms.

“Insured values (price and yield) have increased but our premium has gone from about $40,000 per year to $160,000 per year,” he says.

“They have gone up 400 percent, but I don’t believe natural disasters have

“It is one thing paying more for a better service, but when it’s more and you are getting less, there is something very wrong and you feel taken advantage of.”

Tom Michael, Barunga Gap

“I rang every broker under the sun and one managed to cover me thankfully. I have renewed my insurance with them again this year.”

The Bute based farmer crops almost 5000 hectares of lentils, canola, wheat and barley and is well aware of what’s at stake when it comes to levels of insurance.

“To have a Pinery style event come through and lose everything would break most farmers if there was no insurance,” he says.

affected them. I have family who live in the Adelaide Hills and despite a few bushfires, their premiums have not changed. I think insurance companies have worked out demand for crop insurance is quite inelastic. Lack of competition with CGU pulling out hasn’t helped either.”

BIGGEST FARM COST RISE

The rising insurance costs have eaten heavily into farm profits, according to Eyre Peninsula grain producer Peta Willmott.

“We are now paying over two and a half times what we paid four years ago,” she says.

“Insurance has been the biggest percentage rise over all other farm costs, by a long way. This has a major impact on profitability, as one of those costs which needs meeting, no matter the seasonal outlook.

“We have adjusted how we look at insurance, assessing excess payments and adjusting where we can see different risk levels.

PREMIUMS UP: Mid North grain producer James Venning says insurance premiums have risen dramatically in his region. Source: GRDC.

BIG INCREASES: Insurance costs have increased significantly since 2010, particularly in cropping. Source: ep3.

“We have a great broker, and have not had trouble accessing good policies, however, we have adjusted excess payments across our policies for them to be affordable.

“Having said that, the range of products, compared to the range of risks we face, is not comprehensive, e.g. lack of availability of frost and/or drought insurance.”

The Eyre Peninsula has been hit by natural disasters in recent times with floods occurring in some cropping regions only a few years ago.

“Farming, as a sector, has seen huge price rises due to natural disasters throughout the country,” she says.

“Most growers are still insuring, although I am hearing crop protection is being dropped in some cases. There is certainly a change in the way farmers are reviewing their policies, dropping insurance of lower risk items and taking on larger excesses in order to make policies affordable.

“Business continuity is essential in farming. Timing is critical. Repair to equipment and replacement of infrastructure

in the case of damage is essential. Costs of these repairs/replacement is huge. Insurance is a risk management tool we could not survive without.”

ARE YOU INSURED FOR WHAT YOU THINK YOU ARE?

At Deanna and Steen Paech’s Palmer farm in the Murray Mallee, the rising costs of insurance has forced the pair to make key decisions going forward.

“Our insurance premiums would have increased by up to 60 per cent over the past few years,” Deanna, who is also a GPSA Director, says.

“It used to be one of those costs that was just paid, but we have recently been through our insurance schedule and critically assessed our approach with a particular focus on business-critical equipment and areas of the farm which have higher disaster risk.

“We work with a broker on our farm and crop insurance, and I think it is helpful to have someone who really understands agriculture in the environment in which you operate.

“A key challenge is fully understanding the terms of the insurance – are you really insured for what you think you are?

“This means reading the renewal and the Product Disclosure Statement and asking questions of the broker. The PDS is not a riveting read but you’ll be happy you did it if you ever need to claim on your insurance cover. No one wants the nasty surprise that they thought they were covered for a certain circumstance and find out once it’s happened that they’re not.

“Other than a general increase in premiums, the craziest impact of natural disasters has been on our home and contents insurance.

“We live near a creek and. because of this our premium went up $10,000, even though the creek has not flooded homes in living memory. Needless to say, we sought another insurer who paid attention to specific circumstances and didn’t just apply a blanket rule regarding proximity to waterways.

“Insurance premiums seem to have a blanket approach; they don’t reward business operators who have capacity to

manage risk and invest in equipment to assist.

“If you make a claim, then premiums increase, but if you have identified risks in a risk register and can demonstrate active steps to manage risk in the business, such as through timely machinery repairs and maintenance or higher than basic level firefighting equipment, then proactive producers should be rewarded for that in my opinion.”

The Paech’s run 4000 Merino ewes between Tungkillo and Mount Torrens and crop 2500 hectares between Palmer and Mannum to mostly wheat, barley, canola and lentils. In their cropping region, they are seeing farmers taking insurance risks due to costs.

“Generally, I think many farmers are going through their insurance renewal notices with a fine-tooth comb to see whether there are any areas they can trim or where they might take on some more risk themselves and self-insure to a certain degree,” Deanna says.

“They’re thinking hard about what is comprehensively insured versus third party property damage or fire and theft. Some might be considering which assets are business-critical and if they were lost, would be urgently required to carry

on operations, and prioritising these for maximum coverage and leaving lesser items on lower cover or off their schedule all together.

“Comprehensive insurance is required for asset finance arrangements so there is not much that can be done on this front, other than getting multiple quotes.”

IS CLIMATE DRIVING PREMIUMS?

Grain Producers SA (GPSA) has put in a submission to the Federal Parliament’s Select Committee on the Impact of Climate Risk on Insurance Premiums and Availability.

The submission states: “It is GPSA’s understanding that the insurance industry has recently sustained significant losses from climate-driven events. The Insurance Council reported that the 2022/23 catastrophe season in Australia led to insured losses totalling $1.6 billion.

This suggests that insurers are likely to attempt to claw back losses in the short-term revenue from those who are insured. In fact, the Insurance Council 2022/23 report discusses pressures on insurance premiums and states that ‘higher premiums are also being driven by the impact of extreme weather events

in Australia and overseas, the growing cost of reinsurance, and scarcer capital making riskier activities more ex-pensive to insure”.

The submission continues: “Unaffordable or much higher insurance premiums are likely driven by higher risk, so reducing pressure on premiums requires reducing risks.

How does a grain producer located in an area subjected to climate-driven disasters reduce risk?

Reducing risks associated with climate-driven disasters requires longterm planning with government involvement and investment to influence and reduce complex peril and moral hazards when grain producers cannot employ the best management practices due to beyond their control climate variability.

And that’s the key point, many of these climate impacts and risks are completely out of the farmers’ hands but they are unable to insure against them due to excessive premiums which makes the insurance unviable”.

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Eyre Peninsula rail return proposed

ON THE RIGHT TRACK?

The State Government and local councils are investing in a grain freight study for the Eyre Peninsula following a proposal from Viterra and Aurizon to reignite the dormant rail line. While a Grain Producers SA survey of nearly 100 Eyre Peninsula grain producers found majority support for rail operation in the region, a larger portion of respondents raised concerns around impacts on competition. So, the question is, what happens next?

In 2019, trains along the Eyre Peninsula rail network had been reduced to an almost crawl, with advocates believing that under Genesee and Wyoming’s tenure, the 100-year-old network fell into a state of disrepair. Due to this, the viability of the network came into question by its operator Viterra and a Freight Study was commissioned.

STUDY RULES RAIL UNVIABLE DUE TO POOR CONDITION

The 2019 State Government study of freight transport on the Eyre Peninsula identified that a package of road up-

grades was the best option to cater for future freight movements in the region. They concluded that the rail corridor “is no longer commercially viable for grain going forward”.

The summary of outcomes of the Study suggested that: “a package of works to upgrade roads on the Eyre Peninsula would alleviate the expected impacts from the transition of rail to road, as well as deliver greater community-wide benefits”.

The Eyre Peninsula Freight Study considered several options for keeping the existing freight rail line open.

Findings from the Study included: “the railway is now limited in sections to 20 kilometres per hour (with) operating speeds and wagon loads not exceeding 12 tonnes per axle. The Study identified that the cost to upgrade the rail network would be around $150 million dollars, with no guarantee that there will be sufficient grain volumes to justify this investment”.

The 2019 Study went on to state: “An option to retain the Cummins to Port Lincoln line was considered, contingent on Genesee & Wyoming Australia (GWA) and Viterra agreeing this was a viable long-term option, when consid-

RETURNING?

The State Government and local councils are commissioning an EP grain freight study, following a proposal to bring back the rail line. Image source: Wikipedia.

ering future region-wide developments. The T-Ports facility at Lucky Bay, as well as grain port proposals for Cape Hardy, Port Spencer and Decres Bay will potentially further reduce future rail freight volumes”.

PROPOSAL TO RE-OPEN

Viterra and Aurizon have put forward a joint proposal to the State and Federal Government in 2024 to reinstate rail operations on the Eyre Peninsula after a five-year hiatus.

The funding application is reported to include more than $200 million to upgrade and reopen the rail network between Cummins and Port Lincoln.

General manager of operations for Aurizon Matt Jones told the ABC in 2023 that while some parts of the rail line were in acceptable condition, other parts had been completely washed away from flooding in recent years.

“There’s a huge variety in terms of condition, and there is an extensive amount of work required. The proposal we’ve put forward is very much looking to the future,” he said.

“We’d love to see any other freight on the railway line that would clearly improve the business case, so we’re very supportive, but we have just based this proposal on the current grain opportunity.”

In a 2023 media release, Viterra stated the rail proposal includes upgrading the currently closed narrow gauge line from Port Lincoln to Cummins and from Cummins to Kimba and Wudinna, to a level where rail can operate at increased axle weights, improved travel speeds and more reliably in the warmer summer period.

Viterra Australia Chief Operations Officer James Murray said Viterra supports reinstating rail on the Eyre Peninsula to benefit local growers and communities and its export customers.

“For Eyre Peninsula growers, it means they will have more opportunities to achieve higher prices for their grain, with increased supply chain capacity and shipments in the first half of the year when global demand for Australian grain is higher and pricing is at a premium,” he said.

“The project will also provide reductions in freight costs, which Viterra passes back to grower customers.

“There are many positive opportunities for the Eyre Peninsula community from this project, including the reduction of approximately 25,000 tonnes of CO2 equivalent a year, the removal of approximately 42,000 truck movements between upcountry sites and Port Lincoln each year, and the creation of local jobs throughout the construction process and once rail is operational.”

In 2023, both Grain Producers SA and the SA Freight Council called for a business case to be undertaken prior to any decisions being made on government investment, to ensure the project is viable and doesn’t pass increased costs back to growers.

“There will need to be some financial work done around what they are proposing, but we are broadly in favour of opportunities to move freight to port in the most efficient way,” SA Freight Council Chief Executive Officer Jonathan Wilson told the media.

COMPELLING PROPOSAL

In a statement released to media announcing the Grain Freight Study for the Eyre Peninsula, the State Government said it: “believes the Aurizon/ Viterra proposal is compelling with a

benefit/cost ratio above 3 - which means every dollar expended should return more than threefold”.

“While the State Government continues to work with Aurizon in relation to its business case and funding request, there is nothing to prevent the company proceeding with its own investment given this extremely high projected return.

“The importance of the export grain industry to Eyre Peninsula cannot be understated and this was reinforced at discussions during Country Cabinet at Port Lincoln. The long-term viability of the export supply chain has seen various new port proposals over the years and the transition to a road-based supply chain has put additional pressure on regional roads and Port Lincoln.

“There is now an opportunity to determine an optimal solution for the Eyre Peninsula which fully considers grower and community outcomes, including changes to impacts on local roads.” South Australian Government

“I am pleased to announce that it was agreed at the recent Country Cabinet meeting with local councils, that the Department for Infrastructure and Transport will deliver an over-arching business study into the Eyre Peninsula export grain supply chain. The State Government will contribute 75 per cent of the cost of this project, with the councils agreeing to fund the remaining 25 per cent.

“The study will consider all options for freight - not merely the current rail proposal - which will allow the State Government to provide clear advice to the Australian Government on infrastructure priorities for the region.”

MAJORITY SUPPORT IN GROWER SURVEY

A GPSA survey of Eyre Peninsula grain producers provided a cross section of responses on the role of rail in the region. According to the survey of almost 100 respondents, 59 per cent of grain producers supported the return of freight rail to the Eyre Peninsula, while 41 per cent did not.

GPSA Chief Executive Officer Brad Perry said the peak body had raised the need for an Eyre Peninsula grain freight study with the State Government prior to the recent Country Cabinet held in the region.

“GPSA is pleased the State Government has heeded our request for a grain freight study for the Eyre Peninsula and we are looking forward to contributing to the scope of that work,” he said.

“GPSA’s rail survey of Eyre Peninsula grain producers demonstrated majority support for the return of rail, despite concerns that it would impact competition.

“Many grain producers also highlighted that they would want assurances from the State and Federal Governments that any reinstatement of rail on the Eyre Peninsula, would not result in an additional levy created for growers to fund it, as had been done in the past.”

GPSA Deputy Chair and Eyre Peninsula grain producer Peta Willmott said the feedback she has received from growers has focused on competition, adjustment

KEY RESULTS FROM THE GPSA EP RAIL SURVEY:

59% of EP grain producers support the return of rail freight in the region

41% believe rail freight on the EP will be beneficial to their farming operation

66% believe a return of rail freight on the EP would impact competition

to road away from rail and a number of other issues.

“The grain producers that have spoken to me believe the expense of the project is understated, and they hold concerns regarding where the funds will come from in the future for finishing the project and for repairs and maintenance,” she said.

“EP farmers have already been levied twice for the rail system here, and it continued to be inefficient and eventually abandoned.

“Further feedback I have received is around reinstating narrow gauge rail. If there is a rebuilding of the EP rail, growers believe it must be built to national wide gauge standards. This would enable links into the national system in the future, and the potential ability for rail to become a big enabler for EP projects and tourism.

“Others I’ve spoken to believe there will be benefits to moving grain via rail into Port Lincoln, such as decreased truck movement on roads, and fuel emission savings.”

Diverging wheat market fortunes

There’s a range of global factors at play that could impact South Australian wheat prices over the next 12 months. Commonwealth Bank Associate Director and Economist, Dennis Voznesenski, shares his

future predictions on where it all might be headed.

While global wheat markets are expected to rise over the next 12 months, Australian price upside could be constrained. The rise in global markets is forecast to be driven by a decline in Russian production, a strengthening in global demand from Central Bank interest rate cuts and tightening global stocks.

Over the past two months there has been a partial geographical shift regarding where a large chunk of the World’s exportable surplus will be over the next year. While Russian production estimates declined from approximately 92 to 82 million metric tonnes (mmt), our estimates for Canadian production have increased from 29mmt to 33mmt. Australian industry estimates have also begun to rise from as low as 26 million tonnes when dryness concerns were at their peak, to now averaging 29mmt. The result is that more of the World’s exportable surplus has shifted to outside of the Black Sea. The impact is expected to be twofold. Global stocks in 2024/25 are expected to shrink because the decline in Russia is not entirely cancelled out by improvements in Australia and Canada. Second, larger exports will be coming from countries where the cost of production is higher than in Russia and farmers have less incentive to sell at lower prices.

On the demand side, we expect wheat consumption to pick up towards the end of the year and into 2025 as Central Banks globally begin cutting interest rates. We forecast the US Central Bank to begin cutting from Novem-

ber, while the European and Canadian Central Banks have already begun their rate cutting cycle.

While the outlook for global wheat markets is positive, at this point, price upside is expected to be constrained in Australia over the next 12 months.

There are four factors behind this assumption.

First, stubbornly high inflation is likely to delay Australian interest rates cuts compared to other countries. The result is an expected strengthening of the Australian dollar.

Second, improved seasonal conditions will possibly result in an above average local crop – we forecast just over 30 million tonnes. Large crops typically constrain the premium Australian wheat can trade at versus global markets. While parts of South Australia remain very dry, New South Wales and Queensland have started the year off phenomenally and large parts of western Victoria have also improved.

Third, freight prices have continued to rise due to Red Sea transit challenges. Higher freight costs typically take a larger chunk out of domestic prices. As a reference (more relevant for barley), the cost of freight from Australia to Saudi Arabia is up 14.2 per cent compared to April.

Four, the temporary ban of wheat imports until 15 October by the World’s fourth largest wheat importer, Türkiye, is expected to result in more Russian wheat competing with Australian

wheat in Asia. The price trend for Australia is expected to be a gradual decline from now to mid-2025.

If seasonal conditions in South Australia become drier, prices may trade at a more elevated level compared to our central view. For the time being the Bureau of Meteorology forecasts average to marginally above average rainfall over the next three months. If the war in Ukraine intensifies prior to the US presidential elections in November, prices could also move notably higher. Watch this space!

(Written 11 July 2024)

ABOVE: Commonwealth Bank Associate Director and Economist, Dennis Voznesenski.

Shrinking and ageing population but Japan needs our grain

SOUTH AUSTRALIA’S TOKYO DRIFT

When you look over the statistics for South Australian grain exports, many people would be surprised to see Japan listed as the state’s biggest export market for canola. However, for those deeply involved in trading grain, it’s less of a surprise. Global factors meant Japan needed more grain and it turned to South Australia to fill the gap. In fact, from 2020 to 2023 canola exports from South Australia to Japan increased 20-fold. However, Japan’s population is ageing rapidly. So, what does this mean for the Asian powerhouse as a key grain market for South Australia?

According to statistics released last year, a record 1 in 10 people in Japan are now aged 80 or older – 29.1 per cent of the 125 million population.

Coupled with one of the lowest birthrates in the world, Japan has a major problem that has been evident for many years now.

To feed its population, Japan has become the world’s second largest importer of agricultural produce.

“Japan’s population continues to shrink. As such, the likelihood is that Japan will remain an important yet lessening source of demand for South Australian grain,” Grains Export Innovation Centre (AGEIC) Chief Economist Ross Kingwell said.

“The main source of grain demand (those aged 15 to 64) is an especially shrinking component of Japan’s population.”

Despite Japan’s ageing population, wheat and canola exports to the Asian powerhouse from South Australia have continued to grow significantly.

According to the Department for Primary Industries and Regions South Australia, Japan was the State’s most valuable export destination for canola in 2022-23, reaping $157 million, followed by Pakistan ($115m), Belgium ($67m), Netherlands ($65m) and Germany ($37m).

AGEIC figures show a significant rise in South Australia’s wheat exports to Japan from a meagre 20 tonnes in 2020 to 36,320 tonnes in 2023. Likewise, canola exports have grown from 7,215 tonnes in 2019 to 149,096 tonnes in 2023. Alternatively, barley exports have taken a hit, from 228,619 tonnes in 2021 to 89,535 tonnes in 2023.

“Canada produces over 30 per cent of the World’s canola supply and accounts for approximately 60 per cent of the global trade of canola. However, in 2021 Canada experienced severe

drought that hugely curbed its canola yields. Countries like Japan that mostly imported their canola from Canada suddenly had to look elsewhere for supplies,” Mr Kingwell said.

“South Australia and Western Australia stepped into the breach, supplying additional canola to Japan. In 2022 and 2023, canola yields in Canada were below average and more Canadian canola flowed into new local canola processing plants in Canada, lessening the export availability of Canadian canola, so Japan continued to import canola from South Australia and Western Australia.”

Mr Kingwell said a continued strong relationship with Japan may open more opportunities.

“Enhanced biofuel demand in Canada and the USA (e.g. renewable biodiesel) is likely to see larger volumes of Canadian canola being crushed in Canada. Hence, countries like Japan will continue to look to Australia as a reliable source of canola,” he said.

“Grain quality and grain safety are especially important to the Japanese. However other sustainability credentials such as the emissions intensity of imported grain is not yet generally a main requirement for market access.

“Trade with Japan remains heavily regulated by the Japanese government. Hence, to maintain the grain trade with Japan usually means committing resources to maintain Australian government and Australian industry relationships with the relevant Japanese government agencies.”

Trade agreements between Australia and Japan have also assisted in facilitating South Australian grain exports.

The key agreement is the Japan-Australia Economic Partnership Agreement (JAEPA), which came into force on January 15, 2015. JAEPA has progressively reduced tariffs on many agricultural products, including grains.

ABANDONED FARMLAND PROVIDES OPPORTUNITY

South Australian Regional Director for Japan and Korea, Sally Townsend, is based at the Australian Embassy in Tokyo with Australian Agricultural Counsellor Tom Parnell. Both Sally and Tom have seen the challenges and opportunities of the Japanese market for South Australian grain and other agricultural commodities.

“Japan is an incredibly valuable market and will remain so,” Tom says.

“Japan’s food self-sufficiency rate has been steadily declining over recent decades and is currently at 38 per cent.

“Japan is highly dependent on a small number of specific countries – like Australia – for the majority of is calories. Food security is a prevailing issue, and we are seen as a preferred and stable supplier of clean, green and safe food with supply chain transparency.

DEMAND: Populations are growing in Japanese cities like Osaka, while rural communities and farmland are being abandoned.

IN MARKET: Tom Parnell, Australian Agricultural Counsellor.

LEFT: South Australian wheat is used in Japan for the production of staple foods like noodles. RIGHT: South Australian Regional Director for Japan and Korea, Sally Townsend.

“Increased geopolitical risk and fragmentation will only make the stability of our supply more important to Japan, meaning a continued high market ranking in importance for South Australia.”

The ageing population has provided new opportunities for South Australian trade, according to Sally.

“Population changes will drive new needs; Japan’s ageing society and the resulting pressure for a change in stance regarding immigration, may means new opportunities for South Australia,” she said.

“The devaluation of the Yen (around 30 per cent in the last five years) has undermined the purchasing power of Japan’s middle class.

“Also, Japan’s population is declining, and it is ageing (3 in 5 people are over 60 years old). While this means the food market is contracting it also means Japan’s agricultural labour force in Japan is also ageing, having a negative impact on the domestic supply of agricultural products.

“There is also an urban siphon effect in Japan; some rural towns will soon cease to exist – we have all seen recent news reports on the “Akiya” problem in Japan with towns full of empty and abandoned houses - as we see the population of major cities like Tokyo and Osaka, for example, continuously growing.

“This has created a phenomenon of abandoned farmland, which was more than 12 per cent in 2015 and is as high as 22 per cent in some regions.

“While the Government of Japan works hard to correct this, Japan will continue to depend heavily on imported food. There will be a need to find high protein, calorific foods for the elderly…as well as securing access to safe, imported foods.

“Traditionally single-earner households, Japan is seeing a new phenomenon called “pa-wa-kapuru” (power couple) with an increase in dual-earner couples living in the major cities, sustaining the on-going appetite for high-quality, premium products that South Australian producers can provide.”

WHAT IS SA GRAIN USED FOR IN JAPAN?

Barley: Another major export, used mainly for malting and livestock feed.

Wheat: South Australia is a significant exporter of high-quality wheat to Japan, primarily used for bread and noodle production.

Canola: Exported for oil production, canola from South Australia is valued for its high oil content.

WHAT’S UP, DOC!?

A unique initiative championed by a Riverland based doctor has paved the way for a better understanding of the situations grain producers face on-farm and the safety aspects navigated daily. The hope is that hands-on experience will help strengthen the doctors’ understanding of farming and assist in faster and clearer diagnosis.

Loxton based doctor, Sophie Hamilton, has grown up surrounded by farmers and it is that understanding that drove her to hold a ‘Doctors Day Out’ at a local cropping property.

Every day, Riverland doctors treat patients that run farms or work on farms and even they would admit that sometimes they cannot comprehend how such injuries can occur.

DOCTORS DAY OUT IN LOXTON

Dr Hamilton said she felt there would be benefit in inviting doctors onto a Loxton grain property, particularly those who had very little understanding of farming operations.

“Last year, I took on a role with the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP) as a Medical Educator. My role is to facilitate education sessions for GP Registrars in the

Riverland, who are training with the RACGP. Registrars are fully qualified doctors who are training to become Specialist General Practitioners.

“We hold a series of small workshops throughout the year, where we meet locally and cover various topics that are important in General Practice,” she explains.

“Many of our Registrars have never lived or worked in a rural area before, sometimes they have never even visited the country. I am passionate about welcoming these doctors into the region and making them feel like they’re a part of the community.

“I believe that doctors can help their patients feel safe and understood by having an awareness of local industry, and how this can impact on health and wellbeing.

“We can place ourselves in a better position to help our patients, by knowing

a bit about their life outside the consulting room, and we can then tailor our advice to what works for the individual in front of us.”

GP AND FARMER SIMILARITIES

Dr Hamilton started to notice similar themes in both the challenges and rewards of farming compared with rural medicine.

“We work long hours, often alone or with only remote support, sometimes with little sleep,” Dr Sophie Hamilton

“We have all felt the pressure and temptation to take shortcuts to increase our job efficiency.

DEMONSTRATION: Bulla Burra’s Robin Schaefer explains to the visiting doctors to his Loxton farm how different farm machinery works.

“We feel the pressure to pretend everything is okay and fear the stigma of admitting that it’s not.

“When work gets busy, it’s often our health and wellbeing, and sometimes our relationships, that get put on hold. In some families, where the expectation has always been that the child becomes a doctor/farmer, we feel the pressure of living up to that expectation and the fear of getting it wrong.”

Dr Hamilton said doctors suffer from imposter syndrome despite knowing that they have many years of training and experience.

“We run the risk of seeing people we care about get injured or sick. We are generalist jack-of-all-trades, with a working understanding of many different things - making us great at a trivia night, but often also underestimated because the breadth of that knowledge is not necessarily visible,” she said.

“Our work is varied and often unpredictable - there is no such thing as “an average day,” and anything can happen.

“I was keen to explore some of these themes more, as well as create a fun and didactic learning experience for our group, where we could see a farm in action, and also hear some firsthand experiences of what life is like as a farmer.”

UNDERSTANDING FARM STRESSES AND CHALLENGES

Seven doctors working across clinics in Waikerie, Loxton, Barmera and Renmark travelled to the farm of Bulla Burra owner Robin Schaefer and were joined by Grain Producers SA Chair and ifarmwell consultant, John Glaidgau.

One doctor said they had a patient who fell off a tyre and couldn’t understand a) how that could happen, and b) why you would need to be on a tyre. When

they saw the seeder and header tyres out on farm, they certainly now understood.

“I particularly loved John and Robin’s sentiments that farming really is their whole life. It’s not easy to delineate where the work ends and begins. They shared their ethos about being caretakers for the land and striving to leave it in better condition than it was when they started,” Dr Hamilton said.

“By understanding a bit more about the nature of farming, I think we can now appreciate the cumulative stresses that farmers endure and the challenges that can come with that.

“It helps us to have an awareness of what happens at different times of the year and to tailor our advice with that in mind - for instance, asking a farmer to have tests done during harvest is probably not realistic or achievable.

EDUCATION: GPSA Chair and ifarmwell consultant John Gladigau (far right) with the group of doctors visiting Bulla Burra for the Doctors Day Out.

“This was an invaluable opportunity to see and understand how injuries can occur on farms. Robin showed us through his farm machinery and demonstrated the risks of working with this equipment.

“We talked about the in-built safety mechanisms on some machinery, but also how easy it can be for these to fail, or to be removed and then not replaced

in the hustle and bustle of a busy day. “Robin demonstrated how important it is to have safety checks and protocols, and to work together as a team to make sure everything is safe to operate.

“We often see injuries that occur on farms, but without seeing the setting in which they occur, it is hard to imagine the actual mechanism that led to the accident. I feel we all have a much

better appreciation now for how farm injuries can occur, but also how quickly they can happen with just a small error.”

DEEPER APPRECIATION

The one-day farm visit has not only enriched Dr Hamilton’s understanding of the challenges facing grain producers, but she is hoping to replicate the initia-

tive.

“Our doctors loved this experience and were so grateful for John and Robin’s time and expertise.

“We hope to run something similar in the future, perhaps with the integration of some scenario-based simulations to make it even more interactive,” she said.

“I now have a deeper appreciation for the business of farming, what can contribute to both immediate and cumulative stress, how to better engage with farmers when they come to see me in clinic, and the significant risks farmers mitigate daily (both in terms of health and wellbeing but also financial and otherwise).”

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Karnal bunt Unmasked: The silent grain villain

South Australia’s new Grain Biosecurity Officer has raised the alarm on the threat of a silent plant pest – Karnal bunt. The belief is that increasing temperatures worldwide will lead to more favourable conditions for Karnal bunt and the threat in Australia is high. Identified on the National Priority Plant Pests list, this wheat affecting fungus is not present in Australia but remains a key concern.

Changing weather patterns and the increase of travellers entering Australia since COVID-19 has heightened the risk of Karnal bunt to the Australian and South Australian grain industry.

WHAT IS IT?

Karnal bunt is a fungus affecting grains of wheat, durum, and triticale – a hybrid of wheat and rye. It is not present in Australia, but is found in the USA, Mexico, India, Afghanistan, Pakistan and parts of Nepal and Iraq.

According to the Australian Government’s Department of Agriculture, the spores from Karnal bunt can survive and spread via grain, soil, and cereal trash. They are light and long-lived, easily moved between paddocks by wind, water, soil, and on machinery.

Karnal bunt is most likely to enter Australia either on diseased grain or as spores on the clothing of travellers.

The Department states that if introduced into Australia, Karnal bunt would be almost impossible to get rid of as its spores can live in the soil for

over five years until conditions are cool and wet, aiding their growth.

This fungus could severely disrupt Australian wheat export and international trade, having a major economic impact on the agricultural industry.

A PAIN IN THE BUNT

Newly appointed South Australian Grain Biosecurity Officer (SAGBO) Jordan Scott said the extreme weather conditions are playing a role in the challenges faced by the industry.

“The South Australian grains industry faces several challenges from emerging pests and diseases as well as the ever-present threat of climate change,” he said.

“Shifting weather patterns driven by climate change are opening pathways for new exotic pests and creating conditions for their establishment in areas that were previously inhospitable.

“Karnal bunt is an example of such a pest. Karnal bunt, a fungal disease infecting wheat kernels, has the potential to disrupt wheat exports if it were ever to establish in Australia. This pathogen

renders wheat kernels unfit for consumption due to the development of a fishy odour and black discoloration.

“Karnal bunt generally occurs in semi-arid or arid climates with hot summers. Research has indicated that increasing temperatures worldwide will lead to more favourable conditions for Karnal bunt.

“Climate models also predict heavy precipitation events which create more favourable conditions for increased infection and disease development of Karnal bunt.”

NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN BUNT FIGHT

A project utilising new technologies in the fight against Karnal bunt is currently being developed.

“The landscape of pest and disease detection is undergoing continuous evolution. We can anticipate a marked increase in technological adoption within this area in the coming years,” Mr Scott said.

“This trend will likely see the widespread integration of precision detec-

tion technologies, such as drones and AI-powered image analysis. These advancements offer the potential for significantly enhanced early detection capabilities, enabling producers to proactively address pest and disease threats.

“Adjacently, the South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI) is developing diagnostic protocols for Karnal bunt, funded by a five-year GRDC project. The project aims to develop diagnostic protocols that streamline surveillance for the disease.”

BIOSECURITY OFFICER WANTS EARLY DETECTION

Mr Scott has hit the ground running in his new role and has been out on farms across South Australia, providing ed-

own surveillance for specific high priority pests like Khapra beetle, but also facilitates the work of industry and SARDI in their surveillance efforts,” he said.

Mr Scott recently travelled to the South East and the Riverland where he met with more than 30 grain producers as part of the phosphine resistance monitoring program.

During the visits he sieved stored grain on site and was able to help growers identify any pests present.

The stored grain pests were then sent off to the lab and tested for phosphine resistance as part of the ongoing resistance monitoring program.

“By establishing a baseline understanding of the common pests and dis-

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New report shows farm machinery demand plummets as prices remain high….

RUNNING ON EMPTY

Demand for tractors and farm machinery across Australia dropped in 2023 according to a new report, with availability continuing to be an issue. South Australian grain producers are also experiencing huge challenges with accessing machinery parts. When will the situation ease?

The number of tractors and farm machinery sales has dropped in South Australia as interest rates and input costs continue to bite.

The Tractor and Machinery Association of Australia (TMA) released its State of the Industry Report in May 2024, with the volume of tractor sales plummeting by 25 per cent in 2023 compared to the previous year, but the value of sales has increased by almost two per cent.

Tractors made up $2.1 billion of the total $5.9 billion in sales value across Australia, with harvesters and headers contributing $1.17 billion, other equipment $1.1 billion, self-propelled sprayers $756 million, tillage and

seeding $510.6 million and balers, hay tools and windrowers $246 million.

TMA Executive Director Gary Northover said 2023 saw the first signs of a return to “normal” sales levels, after what was an unprecedented boom period during the previous two years.

“All of this activity has been conducted against a backdrop of supply chain challenges ranging from shipping delays to component shortages, not to mention the ongoing challenges with staffing,” he said.

“After some back-to-back record years, 2023 has continued the growth pattern, with an estimated total sales value of $5.9 billion, an increase of approximately 5 per cent over 2022.”

Further reports from TMA about agricultural tractor sales to 30 June 2024 show the year-to-date position at a level 30 per cent behind the corresponding period, with South Australia almost 50 per cent down for June on the corresponding month.

“We are still forecasting a reasonably healthy 2024 for sales, as winter rains across the country deliver ideal growing conditions for the foreseeable future, although with each month the outlook continues to soften as farmers play it safe,” Mr Northover said.

MACHINERY PARTS DIFFICULT TO SOURCE

Access to machinery parts when farmers need them, continues to be a massive challenge with some South

Australian grain producers travelling across the country to source a single part.

It’s been reported that South Australian grain producers have been unable to buy a critical machinery part locally and ended up flying interstate to pick it up during harvest.

Riverton grain producer Steve Ball said he damaged a tyre on the seeder that wasn’t repairable and thought he’d have no issue getting a replacement locally.

“The tyre blew early Wednesday of the week of the Anzac break. I rang around and the only one available was in Melbourne,” he said.

“I asked, ‘when can you get it here?’ and the tyre place said the following Wednesday or Thursday.

“I drove to Melbourne the next day, Thursday, and I was back here on Friday night, 24 hours later and I brought the tyre back myself.

“We got the tyre on, on Saturday morning, and we got four days of seeding that we would have missed otherwise.

“We also did some electrical damage in the spray tractor; three relays were blown, and the parts to fix that took four days to get here.

“They (local suppliers) just can’t access parts; there’s too many models and they just can’t get the parts for all of them.”

It is a similar story for Mid North grain producer Robert Wandell who said the sourcing of parts locally and timely, is an ongoing concern.

“It can be a fine line and juggling act to keep machines for longer with huge changeover prices now and running machines for too long. It’s causing breakdowns and pushing maintenance costs up to unacceptable levels,” he said.

“Twice in the last two years I’ve have had random breakdowns in the

DEMAND DROPPED: Farm machinery sales have dropped at most dealers across South Australia in 2023. Graph Source: Tractor and Machinery Association of Australia (TMA).

middle of seasons and for both incidents there have been no replacement parts in Australia. We’ve had to get engineers in to fix things, doctor up and make required parts to get us out of trouble until new parts arrived.

“This is common practice now unfortunately.”

WHERE DO AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES FIT?

Three industry groups, Grain Producers Australia (GPA), Tractor and Machinery Association of Australia (TMAA) and Society of Precision Agriculture Australia (SPAA), have launched a new program with a threeyear partnership that will support

the Code of Practice for Agricultural Mobile Field Machinery with Autonomous Functions in Australia.

GPA RD&E Spokesperson Andrew Weidemann said the partnership will also help increase the level of awareness and knowledge about the development and use of autonomous farm machinery for the Australian grains industry and broader farm sector.

“The Code was developed to better support the commercial introduction of autonomous tractors and machinery into Australian field-based plant industries, to address public interest matters such as farm safety which is a key strategic priority for GPA,” he said.

“Following industry stakeholder consultation, it was finalised in late 2020 and launched by industry. After a period dedicated to seeking formal adoption by various State Governments, feedback indicates the best approach now, is to promote the Code as an industry-led initiative.

“This partnership aims to take the Code forward and build on this momentum even more, to ensure it remains relevant to the pragmatic development and delivery of future initiatives and partnerships aimed at improving the adoption of this technology, and benefits for growers.”

Telcos do their best to allay fears for farmers over 3G switch off…

IT’S THE END OF THE (PHONE) LINE

The 3G Switch off has been touted as a “big deal” by the major telcos but many grain producers across South Australia are still not convinced they won’t be worse off. Telstra has delayed flicking the switch until August 31, while Optus remains on track to close 3G in September. A recent Grain Producers SA webinar looked closely at some of the grower concerns and busted a few myths in the process.

John Turnbull is a mixed farmer growing wheat and barley and managing livestock in South Australia’s biggest grain producing region - the Eyre Peninsula.

At his farms between Cowell and Cleve and Cowell and Whyalla, his phone reception is patchy at best. Often John can only pick up 3G on his farms and he knows exactly what location he needs to go to make a phone call.

When the 3G network switches off this year, he’s worried about what it will mean for his family and his business.

“Without 3G, we will have areas on our farm with no signal. That impacts the business, as you need to travel to make calls and it creates issues with communication with staff,” he says.

“Most farmers in the Cleve Hills are having the same problems and it appears signal strength has declined.

“I’ve talked to farmers who are looking into boosting their Starlink signal further into farmyards for Wi-Fi calling.

“Providing better coverage should be the aim. Taking a signal away isn’t going to help that.”

About an hour or so down the road towards the lower Eyre Peninsula towns of Edillilie and Yeelanna, grain and livestock producer Mark Modra has been relying on 3G; often the only signal he can pick up on his farms.

“Every farm has black spots, but we know where they are,” he says.

“Even with updates to our weather stations and GPS equipment, we still need to have good 4G coverage to make these systems work; something we just don’t have.

“Everyone I speak to (in rural areas) is concerned. 3G seems to have deteriorated across the country, even before the official switch off.”

COVERAGE CHECK: Telstra measuring 4G capabilities on a grain property on the Yorke Peninsula.

Mark has concerns about the impact of the 3G switch off and it’s not just onfarm.

“Like many I am involved in the Country Fire Service (CFS). Not all members or farmers have CFS’ call-out pagers, so the critical call for help is reliant on phone coverage,” he says.

“This is a major concern as a delay in minutes can result in major damage or injuries during fires. Also, those involved in farm accidents and car acci-

dents along our rural roads are reliant on good coverage for help in an emergency.”

WHY IS 3G BEING SWITCHED OFF?

Like many grain producers across South Australia, Mark asks the question: Why do we need to turn 3G off?

As part of a GPSA webinar held in February 2024, that exact question was posed to executives from Telstra and Optus.

“It (3G) is very old legacy technology, it’s very inefficient and today only one per cent of Telstra’s wireless data is carried on 3G and we’ve got 11,700 towers which are live to carry one per cent of our traffic,” Channa Seneviratne, Executive for Technology Development and Innovation at Telstra, commented during the Webinar.

“4G is inherently more efficient, so you will get more users and we see that everywhere we fire up 4G. We see that the average data speeds go up significantly and we also see more voice calls being made because the voice quality is better.”

“We’re seeing that the 3G network does have limitations and that’s why we’re moving to 4G and also to 5G, as more people use their mobile phones for voice and also for data,” added Michael Patterson, Telstra’s SA/TAS Area General Manager.

“At a global level, many of the World’s largest mobile companies are doing the same thing.

“By closing the 3G network we are using that same frequency to expand the 5G network, so what was 3G or what currently is 3G, when it’s closed off… will be reused by the 5G network across South Australia.”

Optus General Manager for Regional NSW-Northern Chris Simon says the old technology is taking up bandwidth.

“We all know that the data utilization is growing hugely year-on-year and we also know that the way in which we use devices now is completely different to what we used to use them for 10, 15, 20 years ago,” he told the Webinar.

accelerate. We are making sure that we’ve got our very important assets working on the right technologies to deliver the best experience for all our customers right across our network,” added Michael Reynolds, Head of Networks, Products, Programs and Services at Optus.

DRIVE-BY SIGN OFF

GPSA Chief Executive Officer Brad Perry joined Telstra executives on a “cluster drive survey” on the Yorke Peninsula where coverage was tested and discussions had with local grain producers.

“So as we move on to additional technology, that means that we have to move on with the times, shut down old technology and look to launch new technology.”

Chris Simon, Optus

“What we see is that the demand on 3G continues to diminish but the growth on 4G and 5G networks continues to

“The exercise by Telstra to take the cluster approach is proactive but there was no doubt the grain producers that

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we spoke to still had concerns about what the 3G switch off would mean for them. The task ahead is massive and there is plenty at stake if the telcos don’t get this right,” he says.

Mr Patterson says signing off network equivalence clusters across Australia has been an effective approach.

“Our networks teams are upgrading all of our networks inside those clusters and then performing things like drive surveys to make sure there is 4G equivalence to 3G,” he said.

BAR NONE

Mr Senerviratne says there are no guarantees going forward that farmers will be able to get phone service in unique areas where farmers may have gotten a weak 3G signal previously.

“What we’ve said is that we will provide equivalent coverage to what we have on our published maps but we know that with radio signals, they don’t stop at the boundary of a map, they tend to

spray everywhere…and so occasionally, you might be on a mountain top and get a sniff of a 3G signal and you might be used to making a call there, even though it’s outside a published map,” he said.

The service bars in the top corner of mobile phones are not necessarily accurate, according to Mr Patterson.

“There is some confusion amongst our customers and many are believing that a reduction in bars correlates to a reduction in experience, and that is not always the case,” he says.

“Signal bars differ between technologies and mobile devices and they’re not always a good indicator of coverage and performance.

“Almost every mobile handset is different when it comes to this and there are currently no uniform standards shared across manufacturers globally.”

RECEPTION: Telstra’s Michael Patterson says signing off network equivalence clusters across Australia has been an effective approach.

CLOCK IS TICKING

Data released in July 2024 suggests the estimated number of 4G mobile handsets that could lose access to Triple Zero after the 3G switchover, decreased from 740,000 in March 2024 to 102,000.

Do You Struggle With Poor Coverage On Your Broadacre Farm?

“The on move Wi-Fi system is a big advantage for us to be able to share data in the paddock and being able to make a phone call where there isn't signal with Wi-Fi calling, that has been a huge advantage for us.” Zac Glover, Eyre Peninsula.

ON FARM: Telstra Executives visit properties on the Yorke Peninsula to discuss 4G equivalence with local grain producers as part of a drive survey for the 3G switch over.

Mobile customers of Telstra, Optus and TPG/Vodafone networks can all text ‘3’ to ‘3498’ and receive an instant reply on whether their mobile handset could be impacted by the 3G switchover, with TPG/Vodafone recently enabling this SMS checking capability across their network.

Additionally, Optus customers who may be affected will receive a recorded message when they make a first voice call each day, together with a proactive SMS reminder of the need to take further action.

The plan to switch off the 20-yearold network has been five years in the making but concerns remain within the farming sector despite reassurances from the major telcos.

“We will not shut down or remove any 3G coverage until we have 4G fired up and providing equivalent coverage,” Telstra’s Mr Senerviratne says.

And according to Optus’ Executive Michael Reynolds, there is no better time than the present to push capabilities to 4G and 5G.

“Shutting down the 3G network is a big deal. This type of event has only happened twice in our history with 1G and 2G, so it is an important step forward,” he says.

IMPORTANT DISCUSSIONS: A screenshot of the GPSA Webinar regarding the 3G shutdown, with major telcos presenting.

“We want to reiterate the message that the time to act is now. The time for the networks to shut down is fast approaching. The clock is ticking.”

A Federal Senate Committee investigating the Shutdown of the 3G Mobile Network released interim report recommendations following 44 submissions and two public hearings.

The findings called for: “the Minister for Communications (to) urgently meet with Telstra and Optus to seek their agreement to extend the shutdown of the 3G network until the Minister is satisfied that the following conditions are met.

These conditions are:

1. the 4G network provides coverage equivalent to or better than the coverage provided by the licensee’s 3G network; and

2. that best endeavours have been made by government and industry to audit the number and type of devices that will be affected and to take reasonable efforts to contact affected customers of those devices”.

Understanding and complying with new industrial manslaughter laws

By John Love, Mellor Olsson Lawyers

From

1 July 2024, South Australia has new industrial manslaughter laws under the Work Health and Safety Act 2012 (WHS Act)

which will have significant implications for farm owners and operators. We break down these changes and provide tips to help reduce risks on your farms.

Criteria for industrial manslaughter offences

The Work Health and Safety (Industrial Manslaughter) Amendment Act 2023 introduced the serious indictable offence of “industrial manslaughter”, which applies if:

a. a person (including a person conducting a business or undertaking) has a health and safety duty; and

b. the person engages in conduct that breaches that duty; and

c. the conduct causes the death of an individual to whom that duty is owed (noting that the WHS Act states “conduct causes the death of an individual if it substantially contributes to the death”); and

d. the person:

- engages in the conduct with gross negligence; or

- is reckless as to the risk to an individual of death or serious injury or illness.

All four of the criteria detailed above (a, b, c & d) must be satisfied to prove the offence of industrial manslaughter.

Penalties and enforcement

The maximum penalties for contravening these laws are severe. An individual found guilty could face up to a maximum of 20 years imprisonment and/or fines, while bodies corporate can face fines of up to $18 million. This aligns with the trend of Australian courts imposing significant fines to enhance the deterrent effect.

Moreover, those charged with industrial manslaughter can also be convicted of lesser offences under the WHS Act if the main charge is not proven.

Compliance tips for farm owners and operators

With the stakes so high, it is crucial for farm owners and operators to ensure they are fully compliant with their health and safety duties. Here are some practical steps to help mitigate risks:

1. Identify potential hazards

Conduct thorough risk assessments to identify potential hazards on your farm. Regularly update these assessments to reflect any changes in your operations or environment. Ensure sufficient safety signage warns workers of hazards or risks in the workplace.

2. Review safe systems of work

Examine your current safety protocols and systems. Ensure they are effective and comprehensive, covering all aspects of your farm’s operations. Make sure your workers adhere to the protocols and systems in place.

3. Maintain records

Keep detailed records of your work health and safety policies, plans, responses, and reviews. This documentation can be critical in demonstrating your commitment to safety and compliance.

4. Educate and train your team

Ensure all key individuals, including workers and supervisors, are aware of the new laws and understand their health and safety responsibilities. Regular training sessions can help keep everyone informed and prepared.

5. Seek professional advice

If you are unsure about any aspect of these new laws or how they apply to your farm, seek professional advice. Legal experts can provide guidance tailored to your specific circumstances.

BE AWARE: There are many potential hazards to look out for when going about your daily business on-farm.

Embracing Change: SA Grain Producers Navigate a Transformative Era

As South Australia’s grain industry undergoes a generational shift, new opportunities and challenges are shaping the future of farming. The ‘Annual South Australian Grain Producer Survey Insight Report 2023’, released by Grain Producers SA (GPSA), reveals key trends and insights into the evolving landscape of the grain sector.

GPSA Chief Executive Officer Brad Perry highlights a pivotal finding from the 2023 survey of 300 grain producers: a significant number of grain production businesses are currently navigating succession.

This transition marks a crucial moment for the industry, bringing both challenges and opportunities. The younger generation’s familiarity with technology, honed from an early age, presents a unique chance to adopt innovative farming practices, paving the way for long-term sustainability and growth.

“More than one-third of South Australian grain producers surveyed, are going through a succession process, and this number is increasing year-onyear,” Mr Perry noted.

“This shift is not just about passing the torch but also about integrating new technologies and approaches that can redefine the future of farming in the region.”

SURVEY HIGHLIGHTS: PROFITABILITY, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

The survey provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of the grain industry in South Australia.

Key findings include:

• 94% of grain producers feel their business is profitable and sustainable

• 76% are optimistic about the future of the grain industry

PRIORITIES: Operating costs, Climate stress, Adoption of technology and more featured in the top priorities identified by grain produces.

• 40% identified challenges in finding, attracting, and retaining staff

• 78% feel better prepared for drought compared to previous years

• 67% cite high operating costs as their biggest challenge

• 33% see technology adoption as their most significant opportunity

• 64% prioritize actively managing spray drift

• 48% face issues with unreliable connectivity

• 22% reported incidents with powerlines

Despite challenges such as high input costs and climate-related stress, most respondents reported a profitable year, buoyed by recent strong harvests across the state.

However, concerns remain about the vulnerability of the Grassland Fire Danger Index, the state of regional roads, and ongoing market access issues.

The survey results underscore the industry’s resilience and readiness to tackle future challenges.

The focus on improving farming systems and practices, particularly in drought readiness and spray drift management, indicates a growing emphasis on sustainability and innovation.

“As the representative voice of South Australian grain producers, GPSA is committed to addressing the key issues and opportunities identified in the 2023 survey,” Mr Perry stated.

Mid North farmer lives and learns...

LIKE A CAT WITH NINE LIVES

As Steve Ball groggily opened his eyes, he was dazed and in shock but aware he was in trouble.

The adrenaline running through his body masked the pain. No matter how hard he tried, he couldn’t get the sideby-side vehicle off him.

And if it wasn’t for the chainsaw, he’d been storing in the back of the dual passenger vehicle, he might not have been so lucky (although, Steve reckons

the chainsaw owed him a favour anyway!).

Day had turned to night on the quiet Kangaroo Island farm with the odd sheep bleating all that could be heard.

“I must have blacked out,” he thought.

Steve managed to reach for his mobile phone. He could see the Optus phone tower, but his Telstra phone picked up no reception.

That’s when he used all the energy he could muster. Reaching forward with his hands, he started to dig….

WHERE IT ALL BEGAN

Steve Ball isn’t from a farming family. He has no qualms about describing himself as a “city boy”.

“Dad was a Policeman and a Customs Officer, and mum was a Nurse. So, we were public service people who lived down south of Adelaide,” Steve says.

“When Port Noarlunga was a beachside community like wallaroo and it was surrounded by farms, I used to go out and walk and talk to farmers and sit on the seeder with them.

“That was when I wasn’t surfing or going down the big sand hill” he says with a laugh.

Steve found his way to Urrbrae Agricultural High School and then while undertaking university studies at Roseworthy, he met his wife Nikki, whose

DEEP IN THOUGHT: Steve Ball reflects on his accident on Kangaroo Island.

family were multi-generational farmers at Riverton in the state’s Mid-North.

Both Steve and Nikki studied teaching and that’s where Steve’s career began.

But those early experiences sitting on seeders and talking to farmers kept nagging away.

“There was a guy that taught at Urrbrae, Colin Earl, he’s a researcher and a farmer and he was a teacher, and he said to me that ‘if you want to be a

farmer and to buy land, you’re not going to start working on a farm, you’ve actually got to get something else and he said teaching is a way’. So that was why I went in that direction,” Steve says.

Steve and Nikki would eventually take over the Mid North family farm – one the Hannaford family has been cropping since the 1860s and home to the famous Hannaford Seed Cleaner.

“We farm this (Riverton) block, and we’ve got a number of small blocks around the district. We’re cropping about 1600 acres,” Steve says.

Today they are cropping canola, wheat, beans, chickpeas and for the first time, planted lentils this season.

SEA CHANGE VALUE ADD

Almost four years ago, Steve and Nikki decided to build up the livestock side of their farming operations and ventured to Kangaroo Island, leasing 2,200 acres of cropping country for feed.

“We were hoping to build up to about 4,000 ewes. We had two and a half thousand when we were over there on the last block, running composite sheep. We were just going for kilograms of meat per hectare,” Steve explains.

It’s Steve’s background as a teacher and working in research and advocacy that piqued his interest in taking on a new challenge.

“Nikki knows that every few years I’ve got to do something different. I’ve got to have mental stimulus, I need that and that was one of the reasons we went to Kangaroo Island,” Steve says.

Little did Steve know that life had other ideas about his sea change.

THAT FATEFUL DAY

Progress on the Kangaroo Island farm Steve and Nikki were leasing had been promising.

The thing often lacking in the Mid North – rain – was in abundance.

With their son working on the Riverton farm and Nikki also at the home block, Steve found himself rounding up sheep on the Kangaroo Island property alone one Saturday afternoon. This wasn’t unusual, as the family were often stretched for workers.

the side of the road and my front and back wheel on one side went in it and I went out,” Steve recalls.

“It was down a slight decline and there was a gutter along the side of it, because there was plenty of rainfall and it was on a slope.

“I just got blindsided really. I was looking at the sheep and next thing I knew I was going over.”

That was the last thing Steve remembered. He’d been knocked unconscious.

“I woke up a couple of hours later in the dark wedged under the Polaris,” Steve says.

“Luckily, I had a chainsaw in the back and that fell out at the same time as me and stopped (the side-by-side vehicle) from crushing me.”

Steve Ball

“I was chasing some sheep down a laneway in the Polaris side-by-side, going fairly quickly to get in front of them. I got in front of them and as I was turning to cut them off there was a ditch on

“The door frame ended up on my chest. There’s a bull bar on the front, then rails that come down the side, so the rail that comes along the side of the door is what pinned me down. It was the

chainsaw that stopped it from crushing me entirely.

“I was still stuck underneath it. My leg was wedged.”

Steve had been out cold for a few hours but incredibly, by his own admission, he “wasn’t feeling too bad”. Little did he know that his injuries were so severe that he was genuinely lucky to be alive.

Wedged under the vehicle, he had no choice but to begin digging himself out with his bare hands. It took about half an hour but Steve’s memory on the timing is hazy.

“I dug myself out and the Polaris was on its side, so I thought, ‘well, I’ll have to walk home’,” he says.

Reaching for his mobile phone, Steve expected to be able to make a quick call as he could see the phone tower from where he was. But he was with a different carrier, so his phone was effectively useless.

“I’m in the dark, I’d lost my glasses, and I’ve got no phone reception,” Steve says of his predicament.

With no other choice, the Riverton farmer started the three kilometre walk

back to his converted shed accommodation.

“I fell over a few times. The last time I fell over, I had to crawl over to the fence and pull myself up because of my broken ribs. But at that stage I didn’t know they were broken, just sore,” Steve reflects.

“I got back to the shed and the thought going through my head was that I’d played a heap of rugby and there’s a lot of Māoris that have done a two-step on my chest before, so I should be okay, so I went to bed.”

Steve woke the next morning and struggled to get out of bed. However, he wanted to see whether his side-byside vehicle was in one piece and took the tractor out to the spot of the accident.

“When I got back to the shed, I thought, no, there’s something a little bit wrong and not quite right. So, I thought, yeah, better drive myself to the hospital,” Steve says.

LUCKY TO BE ALIVE

Upon arrival at the Kangaroo Island hospital, doctors initially suspected Steve had a few broken ribs but upon

closer inspection, the reality was much worse.

“They checked my heart and my lungs and everything and that wasn’t quite working right,” Steve says.

Worried about the significant damage done to his body, he was airlifted to Adelaide Airport and then rushed to the Flinders Medical Centre.

“Doctors x-rayed me and worked out that I had 15 broken ribs and three vertebrae and had heart failure as well,” Steve says.

“My leg was also going white and purple and white and purple and then my heart went berserk. It was doing 160 to 170 beats per minute but wasn’t pumping efficiently.”

Steve Ball

Nikki said her husband didn’t initially realise how much trouble he was in due to the severity of his injuries.

“Because of his heart issues, he was in hospital for two weeks in the end, until they got that right,” she says.

“If any of those 15 ribs he’d broken had punctured a lung, he would have been dead. So, he’s very lucky to be alive.”

CHANGE OF DIRECTION

The significance of the side-by-side vehicle roll-over caused the Ball family to change direction in their farming efforts and rationalise operations back to the Mid North.

Even today, many months on, Steve still feels the impacts of the incident.

“All my ribs were either fractured or smashed and I still have problems with a couple of them,” he admits.

The Ball’s side-by-side vehicle, which is equipped with safety features such as a roll cage, has since had an Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon installed on it and Steve and Nikki still re-consider, where possible, the need to work alone.

“We lost a friend where a tractor rolled back onto him and pinned him against

the silo and he was working by himself,” Steve reflects.

“The bulk of the jobs on farms are solo.”

FARM SAFETY DEATHS RISE

According to the Safer Farms 2023 Report, from 2001 to 2023, 1,705 people lost their life on Australian farms due to non-intentional injuries.

The report states that nearly 30 per cent of these fatalities can be attributed to two vehicles - tractors and quad bikes, while side-by-side vehicles also continue to pose a significant safety challenge.

With the release of the latest Safer Farms Report for 2024, it has been a horror start to the first six months of the year with the report finding there has been almost one fatality a month in South Australia.

The report recognises that ageing is a safety risk with over 44 per cent of 2023 fatalities occurring in farmers over the age of 60.

The 2024 report states: “60 years of age is often when those in other industries

start to consider their impending retirement, with the average age of retirement at 64.8 (according to the ABS in 2022) and pension services kicking in at 67.

“However, this retirement trend is rarely seen on farm and there are several reasons: from financial to emotional”.

Farmsafe Australia Chair Felicity Richards suggests that although there was a significant decrease in on-farm fatalities in 2023 (44%), the first six months of 2024 have been tragic with 30 farmers already losing their life.

“We are proud to celebrate the reduction in on-farm fatalities in 2023, a testament to the dedication and hard work of our farming community in prioritising safety,” she said.

“However, the alarming rise in fatalities in the first six months of this year reminds us that our work is far from over.

“We must continue to commit to building safer cultures across our workforce to protect the lives of those who live and work on Australian farms.

SIDE-BY-SIDE: Steve Ball with the vehicle that he rolled over and became trapped undernearth on the Kangaroo Island property.

“Farm safety isn’t about compliance alone; it’s about a genuine dedication to the wellbeing of our people. It’s the heartbeat of our operations, ensuring every individual is safe, secure, valued, and able to thrive in their job.”

MORE THAN 1,800 LIVES LOST

WFI has released its report data over 12 months between 2023 to 2024, with grain leading the agricultural incidents.

The top four areas for farming incidents were:

• Grain sheep and grain beef farming (52%)

• Beef cattle farming (18%)

• Road freight transport (17%)

• Electrical (13%)

Claims data from the past five years shows:

• Knees have been the leading bodily location for injuries, followed by lower back and shoulders.

• Lacerations have been the main injury type comprising 32% of claims, followed by fractures (19%) and soft tissue injuries (17%).

Data highlights that key risk areas continue to centre around heavy machinery, large animals, and exposure to severe weather events, with farm property damage claims stemming from natural peril events increasing by 32% over the past year.

Fatigue and loss of concentration were frequently reported as contributing factors to machinery incidents, in addition to omitting important safety steps to execute tasks more rapidly.

Self-managed repairs to broken down machinery was recorded as a leading cause of injury, with examples of machinery not being properly disengaged prior to repairs commencing.

Freeling Spray Forum driving change on spray drft...

A MATTER OF TRUST

A Spray Forum held in the Barossa in early 2024 aimed to have the tough discussions around spray drift in the South Australian grain industry. With more than 160 people in attendance, the message was loud and clear, but was it heard?

In March, Freeling hosted a significant forum addressing best practices in agrichemical application within South Australia’s grain industry.

The forum attracted grain producers, agronomists, machinery and chemical resellers and much more. It featured presentations from leading experts, including Professor Chris Preston and Professor Steve Powles, on key issues such as social license, droplet and nozzle technology, market access, and managing hazardous inversions.

THE PUBLIC TRUST

The Forum was organised by the state’s peak grain body, Grain Producers SA (GPSA). Chair John Gladigau emphasized the Forum’s importance in fostering industry dialogue.

“Our social license—the trust the public places in us—is crucial. Losing that trust is hard to recover,” he stated.

“It’s fantastic to have such a large group of farmers and industry people come

together to discuss a crucial topic. We have to acknowledge that we do have issues with off-target spray drift, and it’s something we need to manage.”

He also highlighted the recurring focus on chemical stewardship within GPSA, noting the importance of educating farmers, measuring weather conditions, and mitigating off-target damage.

Nick Hillier, South East grain producer and GPSA Director, stressed the

importance of managing spray drift in his address.

“We know the importance of getting agrichemical application right. We need to stamp out spray drifters,” he said.

“Our responsibility extends not just to ourselves but to the broader agricultural community and consumers.”

“It’s one of the biggest issues facing grain production in Australia,”

Nick Hillier

He emphasized the need for behavioural change and shared GPSA’s initiative, the ‘Spray Pledge,’ aimed at raising awareness and encouraging responsible spraying practices through peer pressure.

Mr Hillier outlined GPSA’s multifaceted approach, which includes appointing Hydra Consulting to explore options for improving agrichemical application and commissioning UniSA researchers to conduct a psychological study on worldwide farmer behaviours and attitudes toward spray drift.

This study is expected to provide a robust evidence base for future policy development.

ONGOING DEBATE: HERBICIDES VS ALTERNATIVES

In a thought-provoking keynote address at the Forum, Professor Steve Powles, a globally recognised authority on herbicide resistance, tackled the complex landscape of weed control in modern agriculture.

His presentation highlighted the challenges and innovations that define the future of this critical field.

“There are some in the in the community who think we should stop herbicides, that they’ve just got to stop, and they’ve got to stop now,” Prof. Powles said.

“There are others who think that there’ll be no new herbicides at all as they think the ones that have been discovered, have been discovered.

“And there are others in the community who think we should just replace herbicides with alternatives.”

Powles underscored that despite these debates, herbicides would remain essential in broadacre agriculture.

“I believe that for the next 20 years we’re going to be using herbicides in broadacre agriculture in Australia and in comparable other nations, like Canada, United States, Brazil, Argentina and the other great grain producing

regions. That may not be true for Europe where the average farm size is 60 hectares,” he said.

Discussing the discovery of new herbicides, Prof. Powles described it as a daunting task.

“That’s why glyphosate is a one-in-a100-year discovery (and) that’s why it takes 100 years for a chemical like glyphosate to come along. Glyphosate is simply the world’s greatest herbicide. It’s like penicillin, it’s only discovered every now and again, it’s a huge benefit to humankind and you do not discover a chemical with those qualities very easily,” he explained.

The process, he noted, involves significant financial and regulatory hurdles.

“It’s estimated to cost 750 million Australian dollars to produce a new herbicide,” Prof. Powles said, raising the enormity of the scale of investment required.

Despite the challenges, the field is not devoid of innovation.

“There are 13 startups focused on herbicide discovery, alongside the five major companies still in the game,” Prof. Powles revealed, highlighting a glimmer of hope for future breakthroughs.

“Out of this, there will be new herbicide discoveries, but they will be very rare.”

CHALLENGES: (Above left) GRDC’s Gordon Cumming addresses the Spray Forum audience on social license.

While alternative weed control methods such as electric weeders, propane burners, and laser technology have garnered attention, Prof. Powles urged caution.

“Let’s not exclude the possibility that electricity can be used for weed control in the future, but it’s got quite a long way to go before it’s going to be used in broadacre Australian grain paddocks,” he said.

PRECISION AGRICULTURE: A MINI-REVOLUTION

One of the more promising developments in weed control according to Prof. Powles is precision spot spraying. This technology, which leverages Arti-

ficial Intelligence and advanced camera systems, enables farmers to target weeds with remarkable accuracy, in some cases reducing herbicide use by up to 90 per cent.

“What’s happened over the last 10 years or so, has been the development of cameras, green-on-green detection and spot spraying of green weeds in green crops with boom mounted cameras, computers and artificial intelligence, which is just fast software which can be trained to recognise whether this is wild radish, or this is something else. So, they are high resolution cameras mounted on spray brooms with onboard AI powered computers that can identify weeds and spray turn nozzles on delivering spot spraying,” he said.

“My prediction is that this is a mini revolution. There will be widespread adoption in Australian agriculture of spot spraying of post-emergent herbicides with this technology. Right now, it’s expensive but it is commercially available in the United States.

“I expect that this sort of technology will become widespread and adopted in broadacre Australian Agriculture and it’s in my view, without any doubt, a good thing.

“In the best circumstances, we’re spot spraying only where the weeds are, then we’re using much less chemical, and the drift potential is much lower.”

(Above Left) MC Belinda Cay speaks with farmers. (Right) It was a full house at the GPSA event in Freeling.

Dustin Sparrow, SA “I’m very happy with the seeder and the Liquid Systems equipment can’t be faulted, it just works as it should. The Liquid Systems team knows what works. You just tell them what you are trying to run and they work it out – there is nothing they can’t make.”

ENGAGED: Attendees at the Freeling Spray Forum discuss agri-chemical application.

SOLUTIONS: New technology is assisting with targeted spraying.

NAVIGATING PUBLIC PERCEPTION

The Forum also heard from internationally renowned weed expert, Professor Chris Preston, who delivered a compelling presentation that highlighted the critical intersection between agricultural practices and public perception.

As a distinguished figure in the agricultural community, Prof. Preston’s insights shed light on the challenges faced by farmers, especially in dealing with the misconceptions often held by the broader public.

Prof. Preston highlighted the importance of communication beyond the agricultural sector.

“One of the things I’ve been doing is speaking with urban communities, and they are becoming increasingly sceptical about pesticide use in agriculture,” Prof. Preston remarked.

He highlighted the need for the agricultural sector to engage in dialogue with these communities to address their concerns and misconceptions.

The Professor pointed out the importance of informed dialogue, referenc-

ing his testimony before a Senate committee.

“I fronted the Senate committee over it... and I think I almost convinced the Greens Senator on the committee that farmers in Australia can use glyphosate safely,” he said.

SPRAY RIGHT

Prof. Preston identified spray drift as an emerging area of public concern.

“Spray drift is now starting to be recognised as a concern by the community,” he stated.

Prof Preston stressed that while Australian farmers generally follow best practices, instances of negligence or accidents can significantly impact public trust and regulatory environments.

He also outlined the need for the agricultural community to maintain high standards and transparency.

“We can only keep the community with us by doing the right thing, by demonstrating that as farmers we can do it right,” he concluded.

This sentiment captures the essence of his message: that building and main-

INFORMATIVE: Agbyte’s Leighton Wilksch discusses weather networks during a panel presentation.

taining public trust is crucial for the future of agriculture.

A GROWER EXPERIENCE

The forum also featured a practical focus, with discussions on the importance of understanding and managing hazardous inversions—a key factor in preventing spray drift.

Bute grain producer, James Venning, attended the Forum and shared his experience.

“This is a real issue that affects not just our crops but our neighbours and the environment,” Mr Venning said.

“I think given the issues we are seeing in the community, despite a significant improvement in nozzle technology, it’s important we engage with forums like this to make sure we are up to date and managing our spraying programs with current best practice.

“The main message I took home is that while there are so many things that are not within our control, there are many things within our control.

“We can keep our boom low, slow down (as to not get an updraught behind the sprayer), select the cor-

rect nozzle and make sure there isn’t a hazardous inversion while we are spraying. If we do all these things, we should be keeping our spray in our own paddock.

Bordertown grain producer Craig Pietsch spoke about the advancements in spraying equipment and techniques.

“With the right technology and understanding, we can significantly reduce the risk of spray drift,” Mr Pietsch explained.

“It’s about using the right nozzles, understanding weather patterns, and being vigilant about the conditions in which we spray.”

Mr Gladigau concluded the Forum with a call to action:

“We are still in control of our own destiny. As growers, we can take ownership of the problem before others provide the answers for us.

“Today’s forum is about equipping ourselves with the knowledge and commitment to ensure responsible outcomes, not only for profitable and sustainable farms, but also for safer communities,” he said.

KEYNOTE: Renowned weed expert Professor Chris Preston addresses the audience.

BEHAVIOUR: Professor Saravana Kumar addresses attendees at GPSA’s Spray Forum at Freeling.

800 pieces of global literature, 19 studies from 12 countries, creates…

WORLD FIRST SPRAY STUDY

The University of South Australia and Grain Producers SA (GPSA) have partnered to deliver a global first study exploring agrichemical application. We sat down with lead author Professor Saravana Kumar to hear insights about the study and its findings.

Can you tell us a bit about yourself and your background?

I am currently the Professor in Allied Health and Health Services Research at the Allied Health and Human Performance Unit, University of South Australia. I am a physiotherapist by trade and over the past two decades I have developed expertise in helping stakeholders, in health and other sectors, implement best practice, optimise what we do and achieve positive outcomes for South Australians.

As an educator and researcher, I am passionate about collaborating with industries and engaging end-users to ensure shared success.

How did you get involved in undertaking a Spray Behaviour Study for GPSA?

Great Question! I am privileged to work with a wonderful colleague at the University of South Australia, Associate Professor Kate Gunn. Kate and her team are well-known within the farming community in South Australia due to their flagship initiative, ifarmwell. Growing up in India, my grandparents were farmers, so I have first-hand experience of the importance of mental health and wellbeing for farmers and families in rural communities.

I have always been interested in, and hugely impressed by, the work Kate and her team have been doing in helping farmers cope with life’s challenges. John Gladigau, the GPSA Chair, is also a member of this team and through these connections, I started to learn more about the challenges associated with chemical stewardship and spray drift confronting our farming communities.

This is a huge challenge that cannot be resolved by an individual stakeholder or a single sector. It requires collaboration and partnership. When the opportunity presented to partner with

GPSA to investigate spray behaviour, I jumped at the chance.

Can you tell us how you approached the study and what work was involved in pulling this all together?

To implement best practice in spray behaviour, we first need to understand what current best practice looks like. To do so, we undertook a systematic scoping review of the literature on this issue. This is a fancy way of saying that we looked at the literature from all around the World on factors that influence farmers’ behaviours towards appropriate use of pesticides (including spraying).

My team and I used gold-standard practices in doing this research. Working in partnership with GPSA, we searched several academic databases, as well as websites of agricultural organisations and departments. This identified nearly 800 pieces ofliterature from around the World and through careful and methodical screening and selection, we identified 19 studies from 12 countries to inform this research.

In your mind, what are the key outcomes from the study?

There are several key outcomes from this research. First, evidence suggests that factors that influence farmers’ intention and behaviour, when it comes to the use of pesticides (including spraying), occurs at the individual, community and societal levels. In other words, best practice in spray application needs to take a holistic approach.

Second, at each level there are different factors at play. For example, at the farmer level, it might be their habits, attitudes and expectations. At the community level, it might be the farmer’s social circle, networks and peer groups. At the societal level, it might be about their reputation, social status and regulatory measures.

Third, promoting and implementing best practice in spray behaviour requires a multifaceted approach which can influence the above-mentioned factors. Such a multifaceted approach could include education and training, enhanced advisory services, community engagement and evidence-informed policies.

Whilst our findings are derived from global literature, transferring these findings to the South Australian context is achievable. We have the expertise and the know-how to do this and through partnership and collaboration, we can tackle this challenge and achieve positive outcomes.

You say that we need a multifaceted approach, through partnership and collaboration, in tackling this challenge. What does your research tell you that would look like?

That’s the million-dollar question! Based on my firsthand experience in implementing best practice, and what increasingly the literature is telling us, is that a “copy-paste” approach won’t work. What has worked elsewhere, may not achieve the same impact in another setting. Context differs from setting to setting.

Any approach that we implement in tackling the challenge of spray drift should be customised to the South Australian context and built on the lessons learned from other jurisdictions. This may include engaging with key stakeholders, understanding drivers of behaviours, as well as barriers to behaviour change, developing targeted enabling strategies to address those barriers and regular evaluation to understand what works (and what doesn’t) for whom, and why. A comprehensive approach allows us to be judicious in investing time and resources to ensure optimal outcomes.

What are the next steps for the study and is this research something that has been done before in Australia or is it unique?

To our knowledge, for the first time in the World, we have been able to systematically search, select and synthesise the evidence on factors that influence farmers’ behaviours towards appropriate use of pesticides (including spraying). As part of our research, we also identified several knowledge gaps on the topic. It is important we contribute to the evidence base and address these knowledge gaps.

We will be working closely with our colleagues from GPSA to share our findings through diverse means (workshops and seminar events, handout and newsletters, social media etc). Internationally, with approval from GPSA, we are keen to share these findings through scientific publication (e.g. journal article).

As someone who specialises in the health sector, what similarities do you

see between the health and grain industries?

I think there are lots of similarities between the health sector and grain industry. The very topic we have been talking about is a good starting point as both sectors have opportunities and challenges in implementing and sustaining best practice.

At the core of both sectors are people, how best to achieve positive behaviour change amongst stakeholders is a shared interest. To the benefit of both sectors in tackling the challenge of implementing best practice, we can learn from the fields of psychology, implementation science, quality improvement etc.

Integration of emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, robotics, precision delivery systems to improve efficiency and outcomes is another similarity. Sustainability and environmental impact is another area of shared interest. Both sectors are focusing on sustainable systems and practices.

If there’s one take home message from the studythat you would give to grain producers in South Australia, what is it?

I am reminded of the following saying – “for every complex problem, there is a solution that is plain, simple and wrong”. Positively influencing farmers’ behaviours towards appropriate use of pesticides (including spraying) is a complex issue that requires a collaborative and partnership approach that brings together stakeholders, sectors and communities. This is a shared challenge which requires a shared solution.

Is there anything else you’d like to add?

I would like to thank GPSA, (CEO) Brad Perry and (Chair) John Gladigau, for the opportunity to partner with them and the grain industry on this important initiative. We were thrilled to have found industry partners who recognise the value and impact of research and are keen to help us with knowledge translation to inform future policy and practice.

Caroline Falkiner

Kaydee Rogers

Gambier

Thank you for another successful harvest

In the 2023/24 season, our grower customers delivered 5.6+ million tonnes of grain to our sites

We have so far outturned 5.4+ million tonnes, and to move this grain to end users we:

transported 3.1+ million tonnes from upcountry sites to port by train and truck

loaded 150 vessels with 5+ million tonnes of grain destined for 30 countries

continued domestic outturns and container exports to 45 customers across 44 locations

2.3+ million tonnes from our Adelaide ports

1.7+ million tonnes from our Eyre Peninsula ports

1+ million tonnes from our Yorke peninsula ports this includes

Strong demand continues with 45+ buyers accessing our network, ready to buy your grain

15 exporters have booked 5.8+ million tonnes shipping capacity with us for the 2024/25 season

9+ million tonnes shipping capacity booked with us across the 2025/26 and 2026/27 seasons

Sustainability Stakes Rise:

What SA Grain Producers are Saying

The latest findings from Grain Producers SA’s (GPSA) second annual Grain Industry Environmental Sustainability survey reveal a significant shift in attitudes toward sustainable farming practices. With participation from nearly 160 South Australian grain producers, the survey provides valuable insights into the evolving landscape of environmental sustainability and its important role in market access.

In 2023, grain producers in South Australia were again surveyed on their environmental sustainability credentials and attitudes, providing unique insights into the changes in actions and attitudes over the preceding 12 months.

This follow-up to the inaugural 2022 survey reveals a growing recognition of the importance of sustainable farming practices.

Environmental sustainability in grain production is increasingly important for market access, influenced by international regulatory changes, customer demands, and scrutiny from financiers and policymakers.

This reality is mirrored in the responses from the 2023 survey, where nearly 80 per cent of participants acknowledged the value of implementing sustainable farming practices.

The survey results highlight a significant shift in attitudes compared to 2022, with more South Australian grain producers now viewing sustainability as a critical issue.

Key findings include:

• An increased belief in the importance of sustainability for market access

• Growing sentiment that the South Australian grains sector should take a leadership role in sustainability

• A rising need for sustainability accreditation as a requirement for market access

While concern about extreme weather events remains high, there has been an uptick in the number of farmers reporting that variable weather is impacting their operations.

To better understand these challenges, the 2023 survey expanded its scope to include questions on the management of wind and water erosion, energy use, biodiversity, and greenhouse gas emissions.

Notably, a new question on biodiversity was introduced, underscoring the seemingly growing focus on this issue.

Despite this progress, the understanding of carbon farming opportunities remains unclear among producers.

The survey also continued to address key issues such as pest and weed management, nutrition, soil and water conservation, waste management, and market certifications.

The data collected from this survey reinforces the efforts South Australian grain producers are making to improve their environmental performance.

These efforts are driven by a combination of education, adoption of best practices, and a growing recognition of the need to showcase South Australia’s sustainability credentials to the World.

National soil project has South Australian grain producers looking…

UNDERNEATH THE SURFACE

In 2023, Grain Producers SA (GPSA) was named as a partner in a project as part of the Federal Government’s National Soil Carbon Innovation Challenge. More than 30 grain producers across the state signed up to undertake soil sampling to measure carbon. The South Australian grain industry’s demand to be involved in the $1.8 million project shows that growers really do want to know what’s going on under their feet.

Over the past 12 months, renowned soil analyst Farmlab has been working with more than 30 grain producers across South Australia, taking hundreds of soil samples from the lower South East, Mallee, Kangaroo Island, Mid North, Upper North, Yorke Peninsula and the Eyre Peninsula.

“We’ve had really good support from producers who’ve been keen to use the project’s funding to help them get an initial understanding of what their current soil carbon levels are,” Farmlab’s Oli Madgett said.

The National Soil Carbon Innovation Challenge was established to encourage industry and researchers to develop lower-cost, accurate technological solutions for soil organic carbon measurement.

Farmlab’s projects through this funding, have sampled over 500 farms across Australia, taking 20,000 soil cores. The physical soil samples are taken between zero and 30 centimetres in depth and a sub-soil sample is taken

from 30 to 60 centimetres or 30 to100 centimetre depths.

As Oli highlights, the project is a direct link between agriculture and space.

“The data from the sampling is shared with researchers working on creating models of soil carbon distribution across paddocks, that combine lab results and remotely sensed data from space,” he says.

“Hand-held field measurement promises in-expensive, accurate, real-time measurements of a host of important agricultural parameters. Thus empowering landowners and agronomists to confidently make important decisions in less time, at lower cost.”

Oli said the project objective is to develop technology that will enable soil carbon stocks to be quantified with high levels of confidence, at a cost that’s

“The objective is to get to a point where we can confidently predict the soil carbon stocks of a farm which will require only a handful of samples to localise the model, and also identify whether soil carbon levels are increasing, decreasing or remaining stable.”

Oli Madgett, Farmlab

“Sub-samples of the soil have also been shared with Adelaide based company Ziltek, which has developed a handheld Mid-Infrared (MIR) soil measurement and suite of predictive models for analysing the properties of agricultural soils.

affordable within the grain supply chain.

“At this point, it’s still likely that physical soil samples will need to be taken on each farm to help localise soil carbon models, but over time and with

SAMPLES: Farmlab has been collecting thousands of soil samples across South Australia as part of a new project to get an understanding of the the current soil carbon levels.

enough data in place, it is likely that this will ultimately be done using data from space.

“This will require a series of regional reference sites to be in place, and we are starting to collaborate with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ‘Sustainable and Regenerative Agriculture’ (SARA) team to work towards making this a reality,” he said.

What are some of the early results from the soil sampling on South Australian grain farms?

“Sampling in South Australia has definitely highlighted some areas, such as on parts of Kangaroo Island, where the soil profile is less than the 30 centimetres currently required under the methodology,” Oli said.

“There has been much more calcareous materials detected in the sampling

from South Australia compared to other states. That finding needs to be rigorously managed as a part of the lab testing process, to ensure we have accurate results.”

Results so far show that in the lower rainfall cropping regions, such as the Mallee and Upper North (less than 400 millimetres of rainfall per year), the percentage of soil carbon in the zero to 30 centimetre topsoil would typically be:

• Sandy: 0.2 - 0.6%

• Loam: 0.4 - 0.8%

• Clay: 0.5 - 0.9%

In the higher rainfall cropping areas such as the Lower South East, Fleurieu and Lower Eyre Peninsula (400 to 600 millimetre annual rainfall range), the results so far show typical soil carbon percentage is:

• Sandy: 0.6 - 1%

• Loam: 0.8 - 1.2%

• Clay: 0.8 - 1.4%

Oli said there are several emerging market forces where soil carbon data is going to be increasingly important for the South Australian grain industry.

“Whether that’s being able to report on current soil carbon stocks as a part of sustainability programs or being able to demonstrate increases in soil carbon storage to help lower the farms overall emissions. Either way, it is likely to unlock opportunities to supply certain brands that have made emissions reduction commitments,” he said.

GPSA Chief Executive Officer Brad Perry said with international markets and key stakeholders in the supply chain demanding more and more accurate farm level data, this project can play an important role in quantifying that soil data.

PULLING THE WOOL OVER OUR EYES

The Federal Government has passed laws to phase out live sheep exports by sea from Australia by 2028. While much of the commentary has focused on the impact on Western Australia, many South Australian grain producers are mixed farmers and are concerned about the broader implications of this controversial decision. But will this ill-conceived ban have much wider ramifications?

The phasing out of live exports by sea in Australia was an election commitment of the current Federal Labor Government and it has stuck to its word, with laws to ban the almost $100 million trade passing the nation’s Parliament in July 2024.

The animal rights activists are overjoyed but farming communities, particularly in Western Australia, have vowed to make this an election issue, while also marching in the streets.

POLITICAL BACKLASH

Nationals Leader and Shadow Agriculture Minister David Littleproud moved

swiftly to condemn the move, while reiterating a future Coalition Government would reinstate the live sheep export trade.

Debating the Export Control Amendment (Ending Live Sheep Exports by Sea) Bill 2024, Mr. Littleproud told Parliament the industry has seen major reforms since 2019 and is now a world leader.

“It is senseless to remove ourselves from the market because the Middle East will simply find other markets which don’t have our animal welfare standards,” Mr. Littleproud said.

Mr. Littleproud highlighted that live sheep exports from Australia increased from 380,000 in 2022 to more than 654,000 in 2023.

“Labor’s transition package of $107 million only includes $64.6 million for sheep producers and the supply chain –it isn’t good enough,” he said.

Announcing the ban, then Federal Agriculture Minister Murray Watt said he believed there is community support for the 2028 phase out.

“Live sheep exports by sea from Australia have been plummeting over the last 20 years,” he said.

“It’s an industry that’s been in longterm decline with the evolution of global food supply chains, and it now represents less than one per cent of Western Australia’s agriculture sector.

“At the same time, demand for our lamb and mutton is going through the roof, both here and overseas – and just as other states have moved from live exports of sheep to more onshore processing, that’s the high-value future for Western Australia.

“I remain optimistic for the future of Australia’s sheep industry, and WA’s sheep industry for that matter.”

WILL GRAIN BE IMPACTED?

It has been reported that grain exports to Kuwait in the Middle East could be at risk due to the Federal Government’s decision to ban live sheep exports from Australia.

Kuwait buys about one million tonnes of grain annually (wheat, feed and malt barley) and is the largest import buyer of live sheep from Australia.

Online grain publication, Grain Central, confirmed the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade identified that “a linkage” had been made by an unnamed Kuwaiti company, between Australia’s grain exports and the phasing out of the live sheep trade.

In a recent Senate Estimates, Nationals Senator for New South Wales Ross Cadell said he had conversations with the same concerned importer.

“[I]t has been pointed out to us that Kuwait not only takes live sheep, but they take a million tonnes of grain,” Mr Cadell told Senate Estimates.

For the 12 months to September 2023, Kuwait imported about 420,000 tonnes

of Australian wheat and 280,000 tonnes of feed barley.

In another Senate Estimates session, then Minister Watt said it wasn’t “any secret” that Kuwait and other live sheep importers would “prefer us to keep sending live exports to them”.

“I’ve explained to them why we’re doing this — that this is a domestic issue; it’s no disrespect to them, and we remain very keen to work with them on their food-security challenges,” he told Estimates.

SA MARKETS TO BE FLOODED?

Livestock SA President, Joe Keynes, labelled the ill-conceived policy and the process that has taken place to ram it through Federal Parliament, as one of the most profoundly deaf acts from government towards the livestock industry and agriculture.

“Shutting down an important sheep market, one that leads the world in animal welfare and provides much-needed flexibility during challenging times, such as drought and industry adjustment is nonsensical,” Mr Keynes said.

“There has been no recognition of the wide-ranging impacts this legislation will have on farmers and regional communities in other jurisdictions.

“For example, more than 670,000 head of sheep have been trucked across the South Australian border in the first five months of this year. This 460 per cent increase on last year is the start of things to come, and the real impacts of this must be recognised and addressed.

“1 July 2024 has set a very alarming precedent for every agricultural industry, and other non-agricultural industries that may be unpopular to an unquantified element of society.

“It demonstrates that science, performance, economics, international relationships, and impacts to industry and regional communities, will be overlooked in favour of ideological agendas.”

GPSA VOICES CONCERNS

GPSA Chair John Gladigau slammed the live sheep exports decision.

ban by the Federal Government quite bizarre.

“I don’t know a farmer who would willingly allow their stock to be loaded

“It can be argued it is not a grains issue, but many grain farmers also have livestock. And grains extensively are used to feed livestock. More importantly - there are times when we as an agricultural industry need to stand together as one.”

John Gladigau, GPSA Chair

“I have met very few livestock producers who do not have an incredible love for their animals. In fact, on many occasions farmers could be criticised for putting their animals before their own families, such is their desire to see them well fed, content and in good health. To see a sheep, a cow or a farm dog in pain is to be in pain yourself. I have seen many tough farmers shed tears over the death of their livestock. Which to me makes the whole live sheep export

onto an export ship if they thought their sheep would be treated inhumanely.

“In fact, the livestock industry has spent many years at the insistence of farmers, ensuring that the standard on the foreign-bound ships is the best in the World. And not just for Australian livestock – but to raise the bar for all livestock which are transported to and from other countries.”

FIGHTING BACK: The “Keep the Sheep” campaign against the live sheep export ban has already collected over 80,000 signatures across Australia.

Embracing AgTech: The Success of Cropify and Trust Provenance in cropping

Artificial intelligence and machine learning are set to revolutionise the grains industry, thanks to innovative South Australian companies like Cropify and Trust Provenance, both recipients of the Department of Primary Industries and Regions (PIRSA) AgTech Growth Fund. These companies are pioneering technologies that promise to enhance grain classification accuracy and traceability, offering significant benefits to grain producers.

Cropify, co-founded by Anna Falkiner and Andrew Hannon in 2019, is developing AI-driven hardware and software to classify grains, like small red lentils, with over 98 percent accuracy. This technology addresses the prevalent issue of misclassification, which costs the Australian grain industry an estimated $54 million annually.

By eliminating subjective testing, Cropify ensures consistent quality, reduces value leakage, and speeds up the classification process, resulting in shorter wait times and lower carbon emissions.

York Peninsula grower Ben Wundersitz praises Cropify’s potential,

highlighting its ability to provide fairer compensation for growers and improve overall supply chain efficiency.

“One of the major issues with human classification is counterparty risk where growers aren’t getting paid for the quality they have produced or traders are paying too much for grain of a lesser quality. The adoption of Cropify’s objective classification solution makes sure both buyers and sellers are fully aware of the quality being transacted,” says Mr Wundersitz.

Trust Provenance, in collaboration with iconic South Australian brewery Coopers, offers a platform for seamless grain traceability. This system enables growers to document and share detailed information about their crops, from planting to delivery. Such transparency enhances food safety standards, builds trust between growers and buyers, and opens new premium market opportunities.

Co-founder and CEO Andrew Grant emphasises that traceability is becoming essential, not only for meeting consumer demands but also for navigating biosecurity threats and maintaining market access.

“If you can wrap traceability around products that attract premium buyers seeking brands, integrity and quality assurance, then we can grow premium and niche market opportunities,” says Mr Grant.

“We will continue to listen to industry, our farming and supply chain partners, and refine and add data points to the platform, including adding more data around sustainability.”

Cropify and Trust Provenance not only safeguard the quality and value of grains but also streamline operations, ensuring South Australia’s grains industry remains competitive and sustainable in the global market.

By adopting these advanced AgTech solutions, grain producers can look forward to increased efficiency, reduced losses, and a stronger, more reliable supply chain.

These innovations will enable growers to meet the evolving demands of both domestic and international markets, driving growth and sustainability in the industry.

For more information visit www.pir.sa.gov.au/agtech

GPSA PIONEER LEAVES LASTING LEGACY

The South Australian grain industry lost an incredibly important contributor last year - Yorke Peninsula grower, the late Jamie Smith.

Mr Smith was a founding Director of Grain Producers SA (GPSA) for almost three years from 2010, and Chair of the Australian Grain Council for over a year in 2009.

Mr Smith grew up on his family’s dryland cropping, meat and wool production farm on the Yorke Peninsula and was involved in many different roles across the grain industry, leaving a lasting legacy.

GPSA Chair John Gladigau said Mr Smith’s contribution in helping establish GPSA will always be remembered, as will his support to improve outcomes for farmers in areas such as land use conflicts.

“Those who knew Jamie talk very highly of his passion and contribution to the South Australian grain industry,” he said.

“Jamie was an inaugural Director of GPSA, and he has helped create an outstanding legacy for South Australian grain producers.

“We remember a life lost too early and a champion of our sector.”

John Gladigau, GPSA Chair

Grain Producers Australia (GPA) has expressed its deep sadness for the loss of Mr Smith.

Mr Smith was Chair of the Grains Council Australia and made an integral contribution to the successful roundtable process which transitioned the peak national grain group’s representative responsibilities to GPA, creating a stronger and more unified national grain producer voice.

“Jamie will always be remembered as an honest, fearless and determined leader who understood the basic po-

litical principle and importance of strength in numbers,” GPA Chair Barry Large said.

GPA Southern Grower Director Andrew Weidemann AM said Mr Smith helped create a strong legacy in the Australian grains industry, with his leadership and contributions for growers in South Australia and across the nation.

“Many grain producers may have never heard of Jamie Smith, but we all benefit from his selfless contributions and determined leadership over a long period of time,” he said.

“Jamie’s held in high regard by GPA and those who saw first-hand, the strength and determination of his character and forthright leadership when representing growers during challenging times.”

Mr Large said Mr Smith was a loyal friend to many people involved in the industry, leaving lasting memories of his determined character, big heart and quick wit.

LEGACY: Jamie Smith’s contribution to GPSA and the agriculture industry more broadly will be long remembered and celebrated. Image: TheAdvertiser.

Inaugural

SA Grain Industry Awards to celebrate the industry…

LIKE NEVER BEFORE G

In February 2025, the South Australian grain industry will come together to celebrate the successes of the sector and tell our story through the first ever South Australian Grain Industry Awards.

rain Producers SA (GPSA) will hold the South Australian Grain Industry Awards for the very first time in early 2025, to recognise and celebrate the multi-billion-dollar sector.

The inaugural South Australian Grain Industry Awards are set to take place on February 4, 2025, at the iconic Adelaide Oval, with six award categories and Hall of Fame inductions.

Australian agribusiness leader, Elders, is the event’s Platinum sponsor, with the Department for Primary Industries and Regional Development being Gold sponsors.

GPSA Chief Executive Officer Brad Perry said the Industry Awards are designed to showcase and celebrate the South Australian grain sector.

“We are excited to announce the inaugural South Australian Grain Industry Awards, which will highlight the outstanding achievements and contributions of those within our industry,” he said.

“This event is a significant opportunity to showcase the dedication, innovation, and excellence that define the grain sector in our state.

“We are eager to celebrate the successes of our industry and to provide a platform for recognising the incredible

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efforts and individuals, that drive the grain sector forward.”

The Awards will feature a range of categories, including:

• Grain Producer of the Year

• Young Grain Producer of the Year

• Innovation Award

• Sustainability Award

• Women in Grain Award

• Industry Impact Award

Elders Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer Mark Allison said the South Australian Grain Awards are an excellent fit in celebrating the strength and prosperity of the sector.

“Elders is proud to support the inaugural South Australian Grain Industry Awards,” he said.

“For 185 years, Elders has been deeply committed to the agricultural sector in South Australia and these awards provide a unique opportunity to recognise and celebrate the outstanding achievements within the grain industry, an integral part of our state’s agricultural heritage.

“Being involved in these awards aligns perfectly with Elders’ legacy of supporting innovation, sustainability, and excellence in agriculture. As a company with deep roots in South Australia, we understand the significance of honouring those who drive our industry forward and contribute to its ongoing success.

“We encourage all stakeholders to get involved in these awards, whether as participants, sponsors, or attendees.

Together, we can shine a light on the exceptional work being done in the grains industry and ensure its prosperous future for generations to come.”

The Gala Dinner will be held in between the Grains Research and Development Corporation’s (GRDC) two-day update and bring together grain producers, industry leaders, researchers, supply chain representatives, government officials and many more, to celebrate the South Australian grain industry.

Nominations for the Award categories will open in the coming months with each category winner to receive a financial or scholarship prize.

Campaign pays off as Upper Yorke Road gets multi-million dollar upgrades

GRAIN CAMPAIGN MAKES BIG INROADS

Two years ago, Grain Producers SA (GPSA) started a campaign aimed at focusing efforts on roads advocacy in the industry. The Worst Grain Road campaign resulted in multi-million-dollar upgrades to a notorious stretch on the Yorke Peninsula where heavy vehicles were avoiding it due to safety concerns.

In 2022, GPSA undertook a survey of South Australian grain producers via the Worst Grain Road campaign, with Upper Yorke Road – Arthurton to Kulpara – voted SA’s Worst Grain Road.

Two years of advocacy, including a trip in a grain truck for the Minister for Regional Roads and Minister for Primary Industries, on Upper Yorke

Road, resulted in the delivery of much needed road funding.

The notorious Upper Yorke Road – between Arthurton and Kulpara, a 35-kilometre stretch – had been put forward repeatedly over the past decade or so as a road in need of a desperate upgrade.

When GPSA started the Worst Grain Road campaign and lobbied for this

road to receive an upgrade, local farmers didn’t think they’d see it funded in their lifetime.

But, in March 2024, a $168 million investment was announced by the State and Federal Government, under the Road Safety Program, which included upgrades to 35 kilometres of road between Kulpara and Arthurton.

HIT THE ROAD: Minister for Primary Industries Clare Scriven MLC and former Minister for Regional Roads Geoff Brock MP visit Upper Yorke Road to inspect its condition and drive on the notorious road.

The works are to include lane widening, shoulder sealing, shape correction (smoother surface/pavement works), audio tactile line markings, delineation and barriers/hazard removal.

CHRIS’ DRIVE HELPS SEAL ROAD FUNDING

When two key State Government Ministers and a Department of Transport executive took a trip with local grain producers along the Upper Yorke Road, one of those at the wheel was local grain producer Chris Moloney.

“It was great to have the opportunity to present the safety risks associated with travelling along Upper Yorke Road to the Ministers in context and certainly a more effective approach when aiming to get everyone on the same page,” he said.

“As anyone familiar with the road can empathize, once you travel it, especially in a cab-over truck, the issues become clear.”

After previous advocacy efforts had fallen on deaf ears, Chris said the Worst Grain Road campaign hit the mark.

“Prior to the GPSA ‘Worst Grain Road’ campaign, advocacy efforts to improve the state of Upper Yorke Road were unstructured, reactive and lacking drive,” he said.

“The stretch of road, especially between Kulpara and Arthurton, was well known as high risk. To an extent it was considered irreparable and any efforts to see it improved were largely dismissed, and the road was avoided where possible.

“The GPSA campaign was well run from start to finish. It felt like the support generated, both in the community and on North Terrace, meant it was not a matter of ‘if’ but ‘when’ adequate funding would be made available.”

So how did Chris feel when he heard funding had been allocated for Upper Yorke Road?

“Firstly relief, but then again, I wasn’t overly surprised considering the value agriculture along the Upper Yorke Road provides the State’s economy. A road used to transfer that value should be safe and efficient. The catalyst however to securing funding was the case

put forward by the GPSA team. GPSA gathered the right people around the table (or in this case, truck cabin), presented the obvious safety hazards and the level of community support to the decision makers, who then had all the information required to move the proposal forward,” he said.

“The upgrades to Upper Yorke Road will make a significant impact on local farming. This will be the first time in over a generation the stretch between Kulpara and Arthurton will be used safely and efficiently for machinery and heavy vehicles, as well as local and tourist traffic.”

HUGE SIGH OF RELIEF

Local grain producer Sam Correll didn’t expect to get such a big result from the Worst Grain Road campaign.

“Honestly, I didn’t expect much more than a bit of publicity, as we know there are plenty of bad roads out there which are also in dire need of upgrades To see an outcome like this is wonderful for our region and we have a huge amount of gratitude for the work GPSA has

ADVOCACY: The original GPSA Worst Grain Road report and the coverage in the Stock Journal in December 2022 highlighting with growers the terrible condition of Upper Yorke Road.

done along with all the other work they are involved in,” he said.

“Without these bodies at the forefront, I believe many important issues would get swept under the rug and not resolved as they should.”

Sam said upon hearing the announcement that millions of dollars in funding would be invested into the road for upgrading, he was almost in disbelief.

“I was completely overwhelmed and honestly didn’t believe it at first, but it is a huge relief for farmers, families and tourists to see this road getting a full fix,” he said.

“The priority is safety and with the road the way it was, safety in large machinery and trucks just wasn’t there. The road edges have heavy drop offs and the undulation was substantial for most of the stretch of road. Our trucks especially will breathe a sigh of relief and not having to flick stones at

oncoming vehicles because you have to ‘drop off’ the road to pass with care, will be very welcome.

“I believe this is the last piece of the puzzle towards a decent road right down the centre of the Yorke Peninsula.

“I am extremely excited about taking out the serious danger element of what the road has been, especially for my family and the surrounding community who use the road regularly.”

GPSA HAILS ADVOCACY EFFORTS A WIN FOR ALL

GPSA Chief Executive Officer Brad Perry said the aim of the Worst Grain Road campaign was to further highlight to governments that economic activity, as well as safety, are key factors to road funding allocations.

“Upper Yorke Road – Arthurton to Kulpara – will no longer be the worst

grain road in South Australia. This is a huge win for grain producers and the communities who use this important road,” he said.

“GPSA worked with the RAA, which surveyed the Upper Yorke Road – Arthurton to Kulpara – and found that 90 per cent of the route received a one-star safety rating. The funding will bring the safety rating on the 35-kilometre stretch of road to at least three stars.

“Once this road upgrade has been completed in 2025, grain producers will no longer have to avoid Upper Yorke Road – Arthurton to Kulpara – as they will have a safe and cost-effective path to market.”

GPSA also welcomed significant funding for the Mallee Highway, another key freight route for grain producers, that was ranked fourth in the Worst Grain Roads in South Australia.

REVOLUTIONIZING GRAIN STORAGE FOR SOUTH AUSTRALIAN FARMERS

In the ever-evolving landscape of agriculture, innovation is the lifeblood that sustains and propels the industry forward. Grain Storage Technology™ (GST), since its establishment in 2016, has epitomized this drive for progress. By collaborating with HE Silos Forbes and Charles Sturt University, GST has pioneered advancements in grain storage, fumigation, and preservation, offering solutions that blend safety with effectiveness.

The Thermal Insect Control System™ (TICS™) is a testament to the company’s commitment to innovation. This cutting-edge technology employs thermal air and ultraviolet light to activate phosphine tablets within sealed silos, exterminating all stages of insect life without compromising grain quality. This breakthrough ensures that stored grains remain untainted and market-ready, addressing a critical challenge faced by grain producers.

Grain Storage Technology’s™ (GST) recent expansion to Bute, South Australia, marks a significant milestone. By bringing its groundbreaking knowledge an technologies to the Yorke Peninsula, GST not only strengthens its foothold in the region but also empowers local farmers with state-of-the-art storage solutions. This move, complemented by the steadfast presence of its sister brand HE Silos, established in 1969, underscores a long-term commitment to supporting and enhancing local agricultural practices.

HE Silos is well-known for constructing robust and economically viable silos for grains, fertilizers, stock feed, mobile field bins, and livestock feeders. Their emphasis on grain maintenance, augmented by the TICS™ design and Agridry’s Aeration System, further enhances the value they offer to the farming community.

Executive Director of Grain Storage Technology; Stevie-Leigh Morrison said “The inclusion of Agridry into GST’s product portfolio is another feather in their cap.” Agridry, a leader in grain drying technology since 1976, brings a suite of Australian-made drying products tailored for the diverse and challenging conditions of Australian

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farming. From the Mobile Predator and Kinetic dryers to the Tundra and Goliath ranges, and the indirect silo drying Tanami units, Agridry’s products ensure optimal drying of grains, legumes, nuts, and non-edible items.

This strategic partnership allows GST™ to offer a comprehensive range of drying solutions from its Bute distribution centre. The upcoming showcase at the Eyre Peninsula Field Days from August 13-15 presents an excellent opportunity for farmers to witness firsthand the capabilities of these advanced systems.

GST™ and its affiliates are not merely providing products; they are fostering a future where agricultural practices are more efficient, sustainable, and profitable. The dedication to bringing top-tier technology to South Australian farmers is evident in their relentless pursuit of excellence and innovation.

As GST™ continues to innovate and expand, it reinforces the importance of technology in agriculture, ensuring that the backbone of our economy remains strong and resilient.

For local farmers seeking reliable and advanced grain storage and drying solutions, GST™ stands out as a beacon of progress and support. Regional Sales Manager Tony is readily available at 0499 213 991 to assist with inquiries, or you can visit the facility at 10 High Street, Bute, SA.

Highway in desperate need of repair...

IT’S THE END OF THE WORLD AS WE KNOW IT

For many people when they think of Worlds End, they think of the historic Scottish pub. In South Australia, the Worlds End Highway located near the famous Goyder’s Line, is a key freight route in often marginal cropping country. The Federal Highway was named as the third Worst Grain Road in South Australia and continues to deteriorate.

The Worlds End Highway is a busy B-Double route in the Mid North beginning at Eudunda, travelling through Point Pass and Robertstown, terminating at the intersection with the Goyder Highway. The 22 kilometre stretch between Eudunda and Robertstown has long been known as a poorly surfaced, but important route to freight grain.

Respondents to Grain Producers SA’s Worst Grain Road survey highlighted the very narrow nature of the road, resulting in the sides crumbling away and potholes and corrugations forming. Safety concerns with school buses and light vehicles on the road were also raised.

Local grain producer Gavin submitted to the survey that he found the Worlds End Highway to be “very dangerous”.

“This road is quite narrow and very uneven and draws the truck to the edge of the road, which is breaking away in places, making it very dangerous and uncomfortable to drive a truck on,” he said.

“There are crumbling edges, and it is too narrow for the large volume of trucks utilising this road for the delivery of infrastructure for the solar and wind farms being constructed in the

area,” another local grain producer David added.

“The road is so narrow and with broken shoulders it is hard to avoid clipping mirrors with ongoing trucks,” local farmer John added.

Member for Frome Penny Pratt, whose electorate covers the Worlds End Highway, said safety remains a big concern

for this important stretch of road.

“Local farmers in my area run tight margins and are really concerned about the rising costs they face when it comes to paying for repairs caused by poorly maintained roads,” she said.

“I welcome the Grain Producers SA’s report on The Worst Grain Roads in South Australia as an important mech-

anism to highlight to Government what ongoing investment is needed to maintain our regional freight routes.

“I’m disappointed that my region continues to feature prominently in this top 10 list.

“When it comes to the Worlds End Highway, I share the views of people who live in the communities of Rob-

CRUMBLING: Worlds End Highway is literally falling apart.

POOR CONDITION: A fuel truck navigates the narrow Worlds End Highway as examples show the road edges falling away and the route cracking under pressure.

ertstown, Point Pass and Eudunda, who fear for their lives and say a prayer when they see oncoming traffic like school buses and trucks.

“We shouldn’t have to complain about increased usage on a freight route like this but instead celebrate the presence of new industries like the renewable sector, which bring significant financial benefits to the region.

“The name of this highway, Worlds End, should not signal any less importance as a major freight route for primary industry, which continues to punch above its weight in its contribution to the state revenue.”

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A Unique Journey into Grain

When Julie Bird applied for the Independent Director position at Grain Producers SA, national print media was already knocking on her door trying to suggest she’d taken on too much. But as you’re about to find out, Julie is no ordinary Director, her experience is what the grain sector in South Australia and Australian agriculture needs. Suggesting her efforts are spread too thin couldn’t be further from the truth.

You started your working life in a completely different career to agriculture. Can you tell us a bit about your background?

I spent my early school years living in Freeling and then Renmark. I moved to Adelaide and started a business degree but later switched to junior primary teaching. After a few years working as a teacher in the Riverland, I took on a role with Quality Fruit Marketing, working with growers to market stone fruit and spent time working on a family horticulture property. This led to 10 years with the Almond Board of Australia and eight years on the board of Plant Health Australia. I now own a retail florist business and hold several board roles, including Chair of Horticulture Innovation Australia and Australian Seafood Industries and a director of CRDC - Cotton Research and Development Corporation.

Q. What sparked your interest in agriculture and eventually led you to the Grain Producers SA Board?

Finishing high school in Renmark meant that agriculture/horticulture was a significant part of my early working life during high school and university. Most of my career has been spent working in a variety of agricultural roles. I find the diversity of the sector interesting and enjoy the pas-

sion and commitment that is often associated with living and working on the land.

Q: Transitioning your skills from representing other agriculture sectors to the grain sector will be beneficial. What unique perspectives do you think you will bring to the Board?

Much of my career has been spent working with growers and other industry stakeholders. While this has been in other sectors of agriculture, there is a lot of similarity in underlying issues and needs. Through this experience, I’ve learned the importance of maintaining good relationships with government and working proactively behind the scenes to address issues. Ensuring that GPSA provides value and benefit to growers is critical, so staying focused on the big issues is important to avoid spreading resources too thin.

Q: The grain industry is full of innovation and new technology. What trends are you most excited about, and how do you think they’ll shape the future of grain farming?

Increasing costs of production and regulatory requirements are significantly impacting the grain industry. I’m excited by technology and innovation that will help empower growers to

address these challenges. It will be interesting to see what impact potential applications of Artificial Intelligence will have on-farm and through the supply chain.

Q: Every sector has its challenges and opportunities. From your perspective, what are the biggest ones facing thegrain industry in South Australia today?

• Access to chemicals

• Spray drift

• Input cost pressures

• Labour

• Regulatory requirements

• Climate change and climatic variability

• Succession planning

Q: Over the years, you’ve represented various facets of agriculture, particularly horticulture. What are some of the most valuable lessons you’ve learned along the way?

The importance of transparency and developing respectful working relationships. Listening is often more important than speaking. Not being afraid to ask questions – particularly the dumb questions!

Q: Joining the grain industry is a new chapter for you. What excites you most

about this new challenge, and how do you plan to leverage your vast experience in this role?

I would hope that I can complement the extensive grain industry experience with my broader agricultural experience. It’s always great to come into a role with fresh eyes and a different perspective.

Q: Agriculture is a broad industry with many different aspects. What drew you to it initially, and what keeps you passionate about it today?

I enjoy learning about different sectors of agriculture. Having spent most of my career in horticulture, it has been great to have the opportunity to become involved in grains and cotton. I’ve recently taken on a role in the seafood industry too. I am passionate about making a positive difference to growers on the ground, on farms in South Australia.

Q: The media has been quite critical of Board Directors “spreading themselves too thin” when juggling various agricultural Board positions. What do you say to that and how do you balance the demands of several Board roles with your personal life?

My kids have both recently left home, so I have a lot more time on my hands these days!

I own a retail florist based in Malvern, Victoria. This is a fun business, which has evolved into a family business which my brother and sister now manage. Keeping busy with board work means I stay out of their hair (most of the time!). I hold several agricultural board roles, which is beneficial given the synergy between many ag industries. Collaboration across agriculture is a passion of mine, so working on multiple boards helps to build opportunities for this to occur. One of the biggest downfalls of our sector is fragmented representation. Lacking a single voice when representing to government provides a great disincentive for action, or worse detrimental action.

EXPERIENCED: Respected agribusiness Director Julie Bird has joined the GPSA Board as an Independent Director.

Q: When you’re not working, what do you enjoy doing in your free time? Do you have any hobbies or interests that might surprise us?

Nothing very surprising I’m afraid. I like to cook, enjoy travelling and I’m trying to learn to be a better gardener! I enjoy catching up with friends. We’re lucky to have many great wineries in South Australia, so we often sneak in a weekend winery visit.

Preparation: key to a healthy on-farm financial relationship

Your financier is an investor in your farm business, so a solid relationship is vital.

Providing timely, accurate and relevant information to financiers is crucial for accessing competitive and appropriate finance.

Preparation is Key: Preparation is essential when applying for a bank review or new loan. It demonstrates to the financier that you know your business, can plan, manage risk and maintain financial discipline.

1. Information Gathering:

• Identify and present the information needed by the financier in a report format.

• Include asset and liability information, historical management reports, cash flow budgets and a farm plan with assumptions for income and expenses.

• Consider using a professional advisor who understands banking requirements for report preparation.

2. Understanding Lending Margins

• Financiers determine lending margins by quoting a base rate and adding a customer margin based on perceived risk.

• Factors influencing this margin include:

- Cash flow: Ability to generate cash and meet costs.

- Character: Honesty, previous conduct and management abilities.

- Outside factors: Events such as the death of a partner, marriage breakdown, health issues or drought.

- Capital: Higher equity reduces risk.

- Risk profile: Preparedness to manage external risks (industry downturns, climate variations and interest rates).

- Security: Would the sale of your security cover the loan? A lower ‘loan to value ratio’, means lower risk.

By Deb Purvis

3. Strategies to Reduce Customer Margin

• Provide requested information and maintain honesty with the financier.

• Have confidence in your business plan and know the content of cash flow projections.

• Understand your financial statements and seasonal anomalies.

• Identify and develop strategies to manage external risks.

• Stay informed about current policies and trade conditions affecting your industry.

• Discuss your customer margin with your financier and ask how to improve it.

• Be prepared to shop around – the finance market is competitive.

Financiers need to lend to generate business. They’re looking for a sound proposal, but you have power when borrowing money. Preparing and confidently delivering a well-structured proposal will help you secure competitive rates and an effective loan structure.

ON-FARM: Silo bags are being used across South Australia without an affordable recycling option.

100,000 TONNES OF GRAIN SILO BAGS NEED RECYCLING PER YEAR

AGrain Producers SA (GPSA) funded project has found that on average 100,000 tonnes of used grain silo bags are sitting on properties each year with recycling and reuse options lacking.

The first stage of a project aiming to find a viable solution to silo bag waste has been completed thanks to funding from Green Industries SA.

GPSA commissioned Colby Phillips Advisory, which looked at sustainable practices for handling used silo bags in South Australia.

The consultant found that more than 60 per cent of the used silo bags were located on the Eyre Peninsula, with just over 10 per cent on the Yorke Peninsula and similar amounts in the Mid North and South East.

GPSA Chief Executive Officer Brad Perry said the challenge of an affordable and viable pathway to recycle or reuse silo bags had been consistently raised by grain producers.

“Anecdotally we know that currently grain silo bags are being rolled up and stockpiled on farms, ending up in landfill or disposed of poorly due to the difficulties to reuse or recycle them,” he said.

“The consultant has undertaken an initial piece of work for GPSA which looks at potential options to support a sustainable way to get these silo bags off farm.

“While the consultant noted that many grain producers were keen to recycle, the solution needs to be affordable, with most indicating a maximum contribution they’d be willing to pay in

the five to 10 per cent range of the cost of a silo bag.”

The consultant also found that:

• Currently, no grain farmers in South Australia are recycling grain silo bags, facing logistical and cost challenges.

• Recycling Pathways could include an industry-wide drop-off and collection scheme, producer led on-farm pickup and recycler delivery scheme or bag supplier-led used silo bag return scheme.

To read the Report visit

SUPERANNUATION CHANGES WILL BE “LIKE A SLEDGEHAMMER TO SUCCESSION PLANNING” ON FARMS

The National Farmers’ Federation (NFF) is urging the Federal Parliament’s Senate cross benchers to consider the impact of proposed taxation changes for superannuation on thousands of family farms across Australia.

It has been reported that Senate crossbenchers David Pocock and Jacqui Lambie have raised concerns about the proposed legislation.

The NFF is calling on Parliament to make critical amendments to the Federal Government’s proposed tax changes on superannuation, emphasising the detrimental impact these changes will have on thousands of family farms across the country.

National Farmers’ Federation CEO Tony Mahar has criticised the Federal Government’s superannuation changes.

The NFF highlighted the unique financial structure of many family farms, where older farmers often hold their farm in a self-managed super fund (SMSF) and lease it to their children, providing retirement income while giving the next generation an opportunity to start farming.

“These reforms could be like a sledgehammer to succession planning for family farms,” NFF Chief Executive Officer Tony Mahar said.

“The nature of farming means the businesses are structured differently, so rather than making regular superannuation contributions, many farmers hold their homes and businesses in Self-Managed Superannuation Funds (SMSFs).

“We are extremely worried the proposed taxation of ‘unrealised gains’ on holdings will increase the tax obligation so much, farmers will be forced to sell land assets to pay the tax bill.

“Given high land values and modest cash income generated from farming, this new tax will represent a significant proportion of a farmers’ annual retirement income, or even exceed it.

“This may see the farmers left with a terrible choice. Sell the farm to meet these new tax obligations or increase their lease rates so much that their own children and grandchildren can’t afford it and leave the industry.”

BIOSECURITY TAX PROPOSAL LEFT TO ROT?

The Federal Government’s proposed Biosecurity Tax was blocked in the Senate and is likely to be left to languish in Parliament.

Grain Producers SA provided a submission to the Federal Government’s

Agriculture Department opposing the Biosecurity Tax.

National grain advocacy body Grain Producers Australia (GPA) said there had been a lack of proper consultation on the proposal and failure to provide a credible and inclusive policy design process involving genuine and meaningful conversations.

“Every move by the government to continue pushing this flawed policy onto farmers is only exacerbating the dysfunction and mistrust in the process,” GPA Chair Barry Large said.

ADVOCACY: National ag bodies ran a sustained campaign agains the proposed Biosecurity Tax.

The Federal Government’s response to the retrospective consultations in February was to announce a Sustainable Biosecurity Funding Advisory Panel. The tax rate also changed from a flat 10 per cent tax on all Australian agricultural producers, to one that’s now based on a Gross Value of Production formulae.

Mr Large said: “This $50 million to fund the Agriculture Department is straight out of the pockets of farmers who are price takers and can’t pass costs on, after they’ve taken all of the production risks,” he said.

“Producers are opposed based on basic policy and economic principles, not the dollars or cents. The principles don’t add up and nor do the numbers.”

THE GREAT GRAIN QUIZ: GLOBAL EDITION

How well do you know the World’s grain industry? The Great Grain Quiz is here to test you out. Have a go!

1. Question: Which grain was used as a currency in ancient Egypt?

2. Question: Which country introduced the cultivation of quinoa to North America in the 1980s?

3. Question: Which grain is used in the traditional Russian drink ‘kvass’?

4. Question: What grain was used by the Aztecs to make “tamales” and is now a staple in many Latin American diets?

5. Question: What is the primary grain used to make couscous?

6. Question: Which ancient grain was a staple food in the Inca Empire?

7. Question: What is the primary grain used in the produc-

tion of Scotch whisky?

8. Question: Which country leads the world in barley production?

9. Question: Ancient Roman soldiers were often paid in a grain known as what?

10. Question: which grain has been found in ancient Egyptian tombs, still viable for planting thousands of years later?

11. Question: Chemical tests of ancient pottery jars have shown that beer was produced from barley as far back as 7,000 years ago in what country?

12. Question: The starch from wheat is used in the production of the adhesive you find on the back of what?

13. Question: True or False: In Ancient Egypt, women would urinate in a crop field. If wheat began to grow, they believed they would have a girl. If barley started to sprout, their baby would be a boy. And if no crops came at all, this was an indication they weren’t pregnant in the first place.

14. Question: Where does 75% of all the grain produced in the World go?

15. Question: In 1900, 8 out of 10 loaves of bread eaten in the U.S. were made at home. By 1924, that figure dropped to how many out of 10?

investments for grain producers since 2006.