EU 27: energy [r]evolution scenario table 10.9: EU 27: electricity generation
table 10.12: EU 27: installed capacity
2009
2015
2020
2030
2040
2050
GW
2009
2015
2020
2030
2040
2050
Power plants Coal Lignite Gas Oil Diesel Nuclear Biomass Hydro Wind of which wind offshore PV Geothermal Solar thermal power plants Ocean energy
2,530 348 248 436 50 9 894 65 328 133 0 14 6 0 0
2,599 272 211 439 21 7 756 69 343 348 49 115 8 7 1
2,584 226 163 429 11 5 461 74 352 549 122 238 22 45 10
2,709 117 22 408 4 3 78 78 362 939 459 414 80 141 63
3,207 49 0 280 0 1 0 77 375 1,255 637 637 110 297 125
3,310 0 0 30 0 0 0 59 386 1,411 707 729 136 406 153
Power plants Coal Lignite Gas Oil Diesel Nuclear Biomass Hydro Wind of which wind offshore PV Geothermal Solar thermal power plants Ocean energy
689 99 34 121 41 4 143 11 146 75 0 14 1 0 0
817 78 29 122 26 3 115 11 150 171 15 109 1 2 0
926 65 22 116 13 2 68 11 151 246 38 213 4 11 3
1,119 34 3 124 5 1 11 12 155 368 139 345 13 31 18
1,343 14 0 85 0 0 0 12 161 458 177 498 17 62 36
1,418 0 0 33 0 0 0 12 165 492 186 570 21 81 44
646 141 93 315 37 59 0 0
709 150 61 358 29 106 5 0
760 146 21 411 15 151 16 0
815 97 3 413 0 228 73 0
800 26 0 310 0 297 162 6
730 0 0 106 0 394 204 26
165 39 13 78 26 10 0 0
187 41 8 94 27 17 1 0
193 36 3 114 15 23 3 0
185 23 0 114 0 35 12 0
157 6 0 77 0 46 27 1
131 0 0 31 0 60 34 5
458 188
505 204
530 230
560 255
525 275
480 250
Combined heat & power production Coal Lignite Gas Oil Biomass Geothermal Hydrogen CHP by producer Main activity producers Autoproducers
112 53
125 62
129 65
125 60
105 51
86 45
Total generation Fossil Coal Lignite Gas Oil Diesel Nuclear Hydrogen Renewables Hydro Wind of which wind offshore PV Biomass Geothermal Solar thermal Ocean energy
3,175 1,677 488 341 751 87 9 894 0 605 328 133 0 14 124 6 0 0
3,308 1,548 422 272 797 50 7 756 0 1,003 343 348 49 115 176 13 7 1
3,344 1,427 372 184 840 26 5 461 0 1,457 352 549 122 238 225 38 45 10
3,524 1,068 215 25 821 4 3 78 0 2,378 362 939 459 414 306 153 141 63
4,007 667 76 0 590 0 1 0 6 3,335 375 1,255 637 637 374 272 297 125
4,040 136 0 0 136 0 0 0 26 3,878 386 1,411 707 729 453 340 406 153
Total generation Fossil Coal Lignite Gas Oil Diesel Nuclear Hydrogen Renewables Hydro Wind of which wind offshore PV Biomass Geothermal Solar thermal Ocean energy
854 456 138 48 199 66 4 143 0 256 146 75 0 14 20 1 0 0
1,004 428 118 37 216 53 3 115 0 461 150 171 15 109 28 2 2 0
1,119 385 100 25 230 28 2 68 0 666 151 246 38 213 35 6 11 3
1,304 303 57 3 237 5 1 11 0 989 155 368 139 345 47 25 31 18
1,499 182 20 0 162 0 0 0 1 1,316 161 458 177 498 57 45 62 36
1,549 64 0 0 64 0 0 0 5 1,480 165 492 186 570 72 56 81 44
Distribution losses Own consumption electricity Electricity for hydrogen production Final energy consumption (electricity)
188 284 0 2,719
204 259 0 2,891
205 250 14 2,930
208 217 154 3,076
203 173 613 3,314
201 139 897 3,296
Fluctuating RES (PV, Wind, Ocean) Share of fluctuating RES RES share (domestic generation)
89 10.4% 30.0%
280 27.8% 45.9%
463 41.3% 59.5%
731 56.0% 75.9%
991 66.1% 87.8%
1105 71.4% 95.5%
147 Fluctuating RES (PV, Wind, Ocean) 4.6% Share of fluctuating RES 19.0% RES share (domestic generation) 0 ‘Efficiency’ savings (compared to Ref.)
465 14.0% 30.3% 81
797 23.8% 43.6% 235
1,416 40.2% 67.5% 617
2,017 50.3% 83.2% 1,002
2,293 56.8% 96.0% 1,374
Combined heat & power plants Coal Lignite Gas Oil Biomass Geothermal Hydrogen CHP by producer Main activity producers Autoproducers
table 10.10: EU 27: heat supply 2015
2020
2030
2040
2050
615 473 139 0 2
659 467 158 20 13
1,235 692 321 148 74
1,822 592 465 483 282
2,242 282 471 1,054 435
2,624 105 446 1,522 551
Heat from CHP Fossil fuels Biomass Geothermal Hydrogen
1,793 1,517 276 0 0
2,061 1,598 422 41 0
2,322 1,622 557 143 0
2,856 1,476 721 658 2
3,382 985 925 1,454 18
3,353 296 1,149 1,829 79
Direct heating1) Fossil fuels Biomass Solar collectors Geothermal2) Hydrogen
17,126 14,801 2,214 52 59 0
17,689 14,830 2,417 176 266 0
16,945 13,075 2,423 685 762 0
14,826 8,978 2,012 2,122 1,714 0
12,474 4,984 1,639 3,193 2,596 62
9,933 1,063 1,303 3,867 3,289 411
Total heat supply1) Fossil fuels Biomass Solar collectors Geothermal1) Hydrogen
19,535 16,791 2,630 52 61 0
20,408 16,895 2,996 196 320 0
20,502 15,389 3,301 833 979 0
19,504 11,046 3,197 2,605 2,654 2
18,097 6,251 3,034 4,246 4,486 80
15,910 1,465 2,898 5,389 5,669 490
14.0% RES share (including RES electricity) 0 ‘Efficiency’ savings (compared to Ref.)
17.2%
24.9%
43.4%
65.4%
90.7%
786
1,678
3,844
6,091
8,709
District heating Fossil fuels Biomass Solar collectors Geothermal
1) heat from electricity (direct) not included; geothermal includes heat pumps
table 10.11: EU 27: co2 emissions 2009
2015
2020
2030
2040
2050
Condensation power plants Coal Lignite Gas Oil Diesel
793 299 277 172 39 7
662 235 236 170 16 5
553 196 182 163 9 3
280 101 22 152 3 2
144 39 0 105 0 1
11 0 0 11 0 0
Combined heat & power production Coal Lignite Gas Oil
451 148 118 152 34
366 150 55 142 20
307 119 16 162 10
239 75 2 161 0
137 22 0 115 0
37 0 0 37 0
CO2 emissions power generation (incl. CHP public) Coal Lignite Gas Oil & diesel
1,244 446 395 323 79
1,029 384 292 312 41
861 315 198 326 22
519 176 24 314 5
281 61 0 220 1
48 0 0 48 0
CO2 emissions by sector % of 1990 emissions Industry1) Other sectors1) Transport Power generation2) District heating & other conversion
3,529 87% 452 696 913 1,160 308
3,316 82% 437 674 918 977 309
2,826 70% 374 579 793 810 270
1,807 45% 255 377 517 475 183
879 22% 147 210 187 245 90
197 5% 27 64 51 33 21
Population (Mill.) CO2 emissions per capita (t/capita) ‘Efficiency’ savings (compared to Ref.)
499 7.1 0
506 6.5 181
511 5.5 688
516 3.5 1,662
515 1.7 2,461
512 0.4 2,994
MILL t/a
1) including CHP autoproducers. 2) including CHP public
PJ/a Total Fossil Hard coal Lignite Natural gas Crude oil Nuclear Renewables Hydro Wind Solar Biomass Geothermal/ambient heat Ocean energy RES share ‘Efficiency’ savings (compared to Ref.)
2009
2015
2020
2030
2040
2050
69,247 52,657 7,418 3,759 17,430 24,050
67,881 50,377 6,649 2,772 17,791 23,164
63,042 44,645 5,588 1,872 18,154 19,032
55,803 31,358 3,030 226 15,694 12,407
49,975 17,693 1,554 0 10,381 5,759
43,664 6,754 760 0 3,063 2,931
9,761 6,829 1,179 478 103 4,823 244 2 9.6% 0
8,254 9,250 1,235 1,253 675 5,411 671 4 13.2% 2,863
5,033 13,364 1,269 1,977 2,095 5,952 2,036 36 21.4% 9,313
852 23,593 1,304 3,381 5,364 6,446 6,871 227 42.6% 17,571
0 32,282 1,349 4,519 9,212 6,272 10,479 450 65.1% 22,871
0 36,911 1,389 5,081 11,667 6,013 12,210 551 84.9% 27,856
table 10.14: EU 27: final energy demand 2009
2015
2020
2030
2040
2050
Total (incl. non-energy use) Total (energy use) Transport Oil products Natural gas Biofuels Electricity RES electricity Hydrogen RES share Transport
48,349 44,116 13,493 12,647 91 502 252 48 0 4.1%
50,122 45,824 13,707 12,708 117 561 320 97 0 4.8%
48,002 43,773 12,084 10,961 123 565 401 175 33 6.2%
42,885 38,966 9,316 7,109 131 550 1,134 765 392 17.0%
38,041 34,331 7,237 2,503 158 532 2,522 2,099 1,522 53.9%
33,504 30,053 6,189 620 131 472 3,074 2,951 1,893 84.7%
Industry Electricity RES electricity District heat RES district heat Coal Oil products Gas Solar Biomass and waste Geothermal/ambient heat Hydrogen RES share Industry
10,675 3,538 674 624 54 733 1,525 3,334 0 920 0 0 15.4%
11,765 3,953 1,199 771 185 763 1,463 3,713 34 1,044 23 0 21.1%
11,637 3,957 1,724 1,134 396 602 863 3,703 169 1,082 128 0 30.1%
10,847 3,849 2,597 1,517 847 108 389 3,172 525 911 376 0 48.5%
10,005 3,653 3,040 1,975 1,532 40 130 1,823 950 774 595 65 69.4%
8,824 3,415 3,279 2,235 2,088 14 22 218 1,128 570 794 428 93.7%
Other Sectors Electricity RES electricity District heat RES district heat Coal Oil products Gas Solar Biomass and waste Geothermal/ambient heat RES share Other Sectors
19,948 5,998 1,142 1,418 122 521 3,275 7,104 52 1,541 40 14.5%
20,353 6,133 1,860 1,639 394 409 3,061 7,168 142 1,642 160 20.6%
20,052 6,189 2,696 2,024 715 343 2,103 6,853 516 1,611 413 29.7%
18,803 6,087 4,107 2,694 1,524 72 1,123 5,025 1,597 1,324 880 50.2%
17,089 5,726 4,766 3,188 2,507 0 377 3,159 2,242 1,048 1,349 69.7%
15,040 5,277 5,066 3,318 3,121 0 39 1,047 2,738 878 1,743 90.1%
Total RES RES share
5,095 11.5%
7,342 16.0%
10,203 23.3%
16,269 41.8%
22,755 66.3%
27,055 90.0%
4,233 3,684 503 47
4,298 3,659 574 64
4,229 3,453 582 194
3,919 2,957 590 372
3,710 2,513 603 594
3,451 2,206 623 621
PJ/a
Non energy use Oil Gas Coal
125
10
APPENDIX - EU 27
2009
PJ/a
table 10.13: EU 27: primary energy demand
glossary & appendix |
TWh/a