2021 STATE of the
Undergraduate
CLASS
2021 State of the Undergraduate Class - Introduction “We must know as much as we can about the actual context within which teaching and learning take place. As (educators) therefore, we need to understand the world of the student… What are the forces at work in them? How do they experience those forces influencing their attitudes, values and beliefs, and shaping their perceptions, judgments, and choices?” -Fr. Vincent J. Duminuco, S.J. Excerpt from Pedagogy: A Practical Approach ('93)
This document captures some of the forces that are real and significant in how our students show up in the classroom and at GU in general. It will provide you with a snapshot of the types of behaviors to expect from an average class of 23 undergraduates. In particular, we want to highlight the notable influence of racism, heterosexism, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which continue to disproportionally affect our marginalized students and community members. The statistics used for are for illustration purposes. Data from GU's implementation of various surveys alongside other national collegiate datasets will animate a selection of topics and some corresponding health inequities; for example, differences among our BIPOC (Black/Indigenous/People of Color) or LGBTQ+ (Lesbian/Gay/Bisexual/Transgender/Queer/Other) students. The information is not meant to indicate or predict exactly what you are going to encounter this semester. What we hope you get out of this report is an enhanced awareness of the types of things our students experience, and often look to you for acknowledgement and guidance around. We invite you to spend some time reviewing the notes and additional resources. Thank you for playing a vital role in supporting student well-being and success.
Table of Contents Undergraduate Class Demographics...........................................p1 Mental Health & Well-Being...........................................................p2 Substance Use....................................................................................p14 Sexual Health, Relationships, & Violence Prevention....................................................................p24 References...........................................................................................p36
Fall 2020 GU Undergrad Demographics Racial and Ethnic Makeup: American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Black or African American Hispanics of any race International Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Two or more races White 0%
25%
50%
75%
Religious/Faith Traditions Represented: Roman Catholic
Other Faith Tradition
No Preference/Faith Tradition 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
First Generation Students: 14% American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Black or African American
As a Percentage of their Racial/Ethnic Population:
Hispanics of any race International Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Two or more races White 0%
10%
20%
Source: Office of Institutional Research; select undergraduate data from GU Trends report
30%
40%
50%
p1
10
STUDENTS DO NOT KNOW AT LEAST ONE FACULTY/STAFF PERSON THEY CAN TALK TO WHEN FACED WITH STRESSFUL EVENTS Source: Fall 2020 Wellbeing Assessment Survey
p2
This 44% compares to...
46%
LGBTQ+ identifying students at Gonzaga
of students
felt isolated 83% at least a few days
each week, nationally
60%
1
BIPOC identifying students at Gonzaga
IMPORTANT NOTES:
2
STUDENTS WHO HAVE AT LEAST ONE ON-CAMPUS MENTOR have significantly better outcomes than peers without, and
1 in 4
STUDENTS OF COLOR ARE LESS LIKELY TO HAVE A FACULTY MENTOR THAN THEIR WHITE PEERS.
75%
OF STUDENTS SEEK MENTORSHIP WITH A FACULTY MEMBER FIRST
MORE RESOURCES: Academic Advising and Assistance (x4072) and the Center for Teaching and Advising (x6742) are available for all staff and faculty to grow as advisors and mentors to students. If a student is seeking an affinity space, connect them to DICE (x5836) or CCP (x2227) for resources. Promote open conversations about mental health with slide decks from OHP (x5923).
p3
11 STUDENTS HAVE TROUBLE KNOWING HOW TO CHALLENGE RACIAL DISCRIMINATION WHEN WITNESSED Source: Fall 2020 Wellbeing Assessment Survey
p4
% OF WITNESSED DISCRIMINATION Race/Ethnicity
ALCOHOL WAS INVOLVED IN ONE-THIRD OF WITNESSED CASES
Sexual Orientation Religion Disability National Origin Other 0
10
20
30
40
50
IMPORTANT NOTES:
40%
of BIPOC and LGBTQ+ students at Gonzaga feel that campus culture discourages standing up to discrimination
56%
of students at Gonzaga would NOT intervene because they do not know what to do
MORE RESOURCES: The DICE office in Hemmingson can facilitate workshops on bias and microaggressions in the classroom. Requests can be submitted at www.tinyurl.com/DICEworkshops. Consider attending Microaggressions: You Do It, Too - HEMM Auditorium, Sept 21, 5:30-7pm. Remind and encourage students to report any instances of discrimination to the BIAS team at www.gonzaga.edu/ReportBias.
p5
4.5 STUDENTS DO NOT KNOW WHERE TO OBTAIN MENTAL HEALTH CARE IF NEEDED Source: Fall 2020 Wellbeing Assessment Survey
p6
STUDENTS WHO SEEK TREATMENT
23%
26%
33%
Asian-American
Black
Latino/a/x
1
46% OF LGBTQ+ STUDENTS White AT GONZAGA do not know where to obtain mental health care if needed
25%
IMPORTANT NOTES: 1 in 3 students self-refer when they work with a case
manager, but not all students know how to self-refer.
40%
of Gonzaga Students want information about mental health resources.
MORE RESOURCES: Ensure that students are aware of the Center for Cura Personalis (x2227) and Health & Counseling Services (x4052) for on-campus support of their mental and emotional well-being. Contact the Office of Health Promotion at ohp@gonzaga.edu for presentation requests or consultation around proactive approaches to mental and emotional well-being.
p7
17 STUDENTS' INTEREST IN ACADEMICS HAS BEEN NEGATIVELY IMPACTED BY THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC Source: Fall 2020 Wellbeing Assessment Survey
p8
THERE IS A DIRECT CORRELATION BETWEEN
STRESS
AND
ACADEMIC OUTCOMES
&
COLLEGE STUDENTS OF COLOR REPORT HIGHER LEVELS OF STRESS FROM WORRIES ABOUT COVID-19 1 AND NATIONAL RACIAL MOVEMENTS
IMPORTANT NOTES: ONE-THIRD of GU students said anxiety impacted academics & ONE-FIFTH of GU students said depression impacted academics PRE-PANDEMIC, OVER HALF of students found academics traumatic or difficult to handle
REMOTE LEARNING DIRECTLY IMPACTED STUDENT OUTCOMES & MENTAL WELL-BEING
MORE RESOURCES:
Apps like The Skimm can keep you up-to-date with recent news that might affect student stress. Academic Advising and Assistance is available to help students transition back to in-person learning, and they can be reached at advise@gonzaga.edu or x4072. Stress management tips for students can be accessed on the Wellness Toolbox or through a consultation with CCP at x2227.
p9
6.5 STUDENTS HAVE EVER SERIOUSLY CONSIDERED SUICIDE Source: 2019 National College Health Assessment
p10
OF GONZAGA STUDENTS HAVE EVER ATTEMPTED SUICIDE & MORE THAN
1 in
5
students have considered self-harm
OF GU STUDENTS HAVE WITNESSED PEERS TALK OR THINK ABOUT SUICIDE
IMPORTANT NOTES: SUICIDE IS THE SECOND LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH for young adults. 3 Self-harm does not always indicate that a student is having suicidal thoughts. If you notice a change in behavior, the best thing that you can do is to ask directly. The most witnessed forms of self-harm at Gonzaga are: Unhealthy alcohol/drug use Eating too much/too little Intentional unhealthy relationships
MORE RESOURCES:
Attending Mental Health First Aid can help you and your students develop appropriate bystander intervention strategies. If you are concerned about a student, please go to gonzaga.edu/refer or call CSPS at x2222.
p11
6 STUDENTS HAVE EVER BEEN DIAGNOSED OR TREATED FOR ANXIETY Source: 2019 National College Health Assessment
p12
75%
OF MENTAL HEALTH CONDITIONS BEGIN BY THE AGE OF 24
ONE IN FIVE GU STUDENTS HAS EVER BEEN DIAGNOSED OR TREATED FOR DEPRESSION
IMPORTANT NOTES:
80%
of Gonzaga students felt nervous, anxious, or "on edge" in 2020
2 OUT OF 3
Gonzaga students could not control or stop their worrying
18-24 year olds 67% of will not seek help for anxiety or depression
3
MORE RESOURCES: Referencing the Faculty Guidebook can give you tips on setting up your classroom to support the holistic health of students and proactively reduce anxiety. Referring students to the Wellness Toolbox can help connect them to online and community tools/resources to promote their agency in managing anxiety or depression.
p13
14 STUDENTS HAVE USED CANNABIS IN THE PAST YEAR Source: Fall 2020 Cannabis on Campus Survey
p14
71%
of students who use cannabis report doing so to relax or feel less stressed. 1 in 4 students use cannabis to relieve depression.
1 in 5 Gonzaga students who use cannabis report doing so daily.
IMPORTANT NOTES: 38%
of students notice cannabis impacting their ability to concentrate.
46%
of students who use cannabis report using it to help them sleep. This is particularly true for first-year students.
59%
LGB* 18-25 year olds are more likely than their heterosexual 15 counterparts to have used cannabis in the past 30 days.
MORE RESOURCES:
Gonzaga's Collegiate Recovery Community, OUR House, welcomes students looking to reduce or stop their use of substances, including cannabis. Learn more at www.gonzaga.edu/crc
*LGB - Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual students. Refers to sexual orientation only, not gender identities.
p15
17.5 STUDENTS HAVE CONSUMED ALCOHOL IN THE PAST 30 DAYS Source: 2019 National College Health Assessment
p16
of students report having done something they later regret when drinking alcohol. 45%
41%
of students report binge drinking in the past 2 weeks.
IMPORTANT NOTES: 17%
of college students reporting having driven after consuming alcohol.
7%
BIPOC students are less likely than their white counterparts to have used alcohol in the past 30 days.
18%
LGB* 18-25 year olds are more likely than their heterosexual counterparts to have used alcohol in the past 30 days.15
98%
Students perceive that of their peers use alcohol. Every member of the Gonzaga community plays a role in not over-normalizing alcohol use.
MORE RESOURCES:
If you are concerned about a student, please go to gonzaga.edu/refer
*LGB - Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual students. Refers to sexual orientation only, not gender identities.
p17
3.5 STUDENTS REPORT HAVING USED E-CIGARETTES IN THE PAST 30 DAYS Source: 2019 National College Health Assessment
p18
23%
of male identifying students, report having used e-cigarettes in the past 30 days.
12%
of female identifying students, report having used e-cigarettes in the past 30 days.
IMPORTANT NOTES: E-cigarettes are now significantly more common among college students than traditional cigarettes.
7%
of GU students report using traditional cigarettes in the past 30 days.
In 2020, the state of WA raised the minimum legal purchase age for tobacco and vapor products to 21 years of age.
MORE RESOURCES: Referring students to the Wellness Toolbox or OUR House (www.gonzaga.edu/crc) can help connect them to online and community tools/resources to help them reduce or quit their use of tobacco.
p19
4.5 STUDENTS MEET THE CRITERIA FOR A SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER Source: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 2015
p20
21% of people aged 18-21 fit the criteria for a Substance Use Disorder 4
IMPORTANT NOTES: A Substance Use Disorder is defined as the recurrent use of alcohol or other drugs that causes clinically and functionally significant impairment, such as health problems, disability, and failure to meet major responsibilities at work, school, or home. This can look like consistently binge drinking on the weekends or not being able to stop drinking. In college this may be perceived as normal, but outside this meets the criteria for a clinical diagnosis.
11%
Of the people who would benefit from treatment, only actually receive treatment. Race, socioeconomic factors, and various other social determinants 14 of health influence who has access to treatment.
MORE RESOURCES:
Completing Gonzaga's recovery ally training offered by the Office of Health Promotion is a great way to learn more about SUDs and how you can be an ally to community members who many be experiencing a SUD.
p21
2.5 STUDENTS HAVE USED PRESCRIPTION MEDICATION THAT IS NOT PRESCRIBED TO THEM Source: 2019 National College Health Assessment
p22
7%
of students used stimulants not prescribed to them
Almost 2/3 of college students were offered prescription stimulants for non-medical use by Senior year 7
IMPORTANT NOTES: 1
in
3
users of prescription stimulants 6 misused them.
Prescription stimulants are commonly used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Adderall and Ritalin are the two most commonly prescribed stimulants among college students. 5 One of the most commonly reported reasons for non-prescription stimulants use is to improve concentration and to improve academic performance, but research indicates it doesn't. 5
MORE RESOURCES:
If you are concerned about a student, please go to gonzaga.edu/refer. Gonzaga's Collegiate Recovery Community, OUR House, welcomes students looking to reduce or stop their use of substances, including stimulants. Learn more at www.gonzaga.edu/crc
p23
14.5 STUDENTS HAVE HAD SEX WITHIN THE PAST YEAR Source: 2019 National College Health Assessment
p24
67%
OF STUDENTS HAVE HAD ORAL SEX
61%
OF STUDENTS HAVE HAD VAGINAL SEX
19%
OF STUDENTS HAVE HAD ANAL SEX
IMPORTANT NOTES: PREGANCY PREVENTION AND STI PREVENTION were identified as severe information gaps across all student demographic groups, including those who are not sexually active. While 85% of sexually active students say they used some form of birth control to prevent pregnancy last time they had vaginal intercourse, only 66% of students say they used a condom in the past 30 days. Method(s) Used to Prevent Pregnancy During Last Sexual Encounter
Y ONL
students having 6% of oral sex report
Ferility Awareness
using a condom sometimes, mostly, or always
Implants IUD Withdrawal Birth Control Pills External Condom 0%
25%
50%
75%
p25
12.5
NEW INCOMING STUDENTS SAY THAT FINDING A ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIP WHILE IN COLLEGE IS IMPORTANT TO THEM Source: Fall 2020 Zag Into Action Course data
p26
80%
Of incoming GU students know someone who has been in an unhealthy relationship
27%
Of incoming GU students have either never talked or only talked once with their parents about healthy relationships
IMPORTANT NOTES: 1/3
About (or 32%) of college students during their college career will have experienced sexual assault, dating violence, and or stalking. 8 Nationally, LGBTQ+ students are more likely to experience harassing behavior, intimate partner violence (IPV), and stalking than heterosexual students. 9
2X
Women of color experience IPV about more than White women, and Black women experience IPV more than any other group of women.10
OTHER RESOURCES:
Schedule a workshop or presentation with OHP by clicking here or going to the OHP website. YWCA Spokane 24 Hour Helpline: Call: 509-326-2255 | Email: help@ywcaspokane.org | Text: 509-220-3725 Complete self-guided training modules and find other resources related to healthy relationships at https://www.joinonelove.org.
p27
3 STUDENTS HAVE EXPERIENCED NON-CONSENSUAL SEXUAL CONTACT WITHIN THE PAST YEAR Source: 2019 National College Health Assessment
p28
81%
of unwanted sexual contact incidents took place within the first two years of college
88% of GU students who experienced unwanted sexual contact did not report it
79%
of unwanted sexual contact incidents involved alcohol or other drugs
IMPORTANT NOTES: College age students who are victims of sexual violence are less likely to report compared to non-student college age victims (80% of students do not report vs 67% 11 of non-students) National studies show that women and TGQN* students are significantly more 9 likely to experience nonconsensual sexual contact than men (women - 26%; TGQN - 23%; men - 7%)
OTHER RESOURCES: Schedule a workshop or presentation with OHP by clicking here or going to the OHP website. Report an incident of sexual misconduct here or by visiting the Gonzaga Title IX website.
*TGQN - Transgender, Gender Queer, and Non-Binary. Refers to gender identity only, not sexual orientation.
p29
5 STUDENTS HAVE WITNESSED A POTENTIAL SEXUAL HARRASSMENT INCIDENT AND 3 OF THEM INTERVENED Source: Spring 2021 Bystander Intervention Survey
p30
99% of the incoming class believes they are likely to encounter many situations in college where they will have the opportunity to intervene. 85% feel confident they could effectively intervene with their peers in problem situations. of students who report witnessing a potential incident actually do intervene
Y ONL
67%
IMPORTANT NOTES: When compared to national findings, Gonzaga students are more likely to intervene when witnessing a potential sexual assault. Top reasons students report as to why they DID NOT intervene: Did not know what to do Felt unsafe in the situation It was none of my business Relationship with them made it complicated Did not know what to do
MORE RESOURCES: Schedule a Zags Help Zags workshop or presentation with OHP by clicking here or going to the OHP website. Report an incident of sexual misconduct here or by visiting the Gonzaga Title IX website.
p31
5.5 STUDENTS HAVE HAD SEX WHILE DRINKING ALCOHOL IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS Source: 2019 National College Health Assessment
p32
GU Students are more likely to have unprotected sex while drinking than the national average.
23%
16%
Gonzaga
National
IMPORTANT NOTES: 12% of new, incoming students have had sex while drunk or high.
Male GU students are more likely to have unprotected sex while drinking than female students.
26%
of male students
VS
17%
of female students
MORE RESOURCES: Schedule a workshop or presentation on sexual health, consent, or other topics with OHP by clicking here or by going to the OHP website. If you are interested in learning more about recovery from substances and other behaviors, please visit www.gonzaga.edu/CRC. You can also email someone directly at Recovery@gonzaga.edu. Students can get tested for Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) at Health and Counseling Services by calling 509-313-4052 to schedule an appointment.
p33
4.5
STUDENTS IDENTIFY AS LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, ASEXUAL, OR 2 OR MORE Source: Spring 2020 Wellbeing Assessment Survey
p34
Two in three LGBTQ+ college students 9 have experienced sexual harassment LGBTQ+ women are less likely to complete a bachelors degree than heterosexual women 13
25%
34%
Women
Women
LGBTQ+ VS Straight
13.5%
of GU students who identify as gay, lesbian, bisexual, asexual or two or more have experienced discrimination during the academic year based on their sexual orientation.
IMPORTANT NOTES:
1.7%
of graduate and undergraduate students nationwide identify as transgender, nonbinary, or questioning.13
35%
of Gen Z students know someone who uses gender neutral pronouns.12
Gen Z students say forms or online forms should include gender options. 58% ofadditional 12
MORE RESOURCES: Schedule a workshop or presentation with OHP by clicking here or going to the OHP website. Check out resources and programming through the Gonzaga Lincoln LGBTQ+ Resource Center by clicking here or visiting their website. Report an incident of discrimination or hate here or by visiting the Gonzaga BIAS Team website.
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References MAIN GONZAGA SOURCES: please contact ohp@gonzaga.edu for data inquiries Wellbeing Assessment Survey, Spring and Fall 2020 Cannabis on Campus Qualtrics survey, Fall 2020 National College Health Assessment (NCHA), Spring 2019 Zag Into Action Course Survey, annual Zags Help Zags Bystander Intervention Survey, Spring 2021 SUPPORTING NATIONAL SOURCES 1. The Steve Fund. (2020) Adapting and Innovating to Promote Mental Health and Emotional Well-Being of Young People of Color: COVID-19 and Beyond. https://www.stevefund.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CRISIS-RESPONSE-TASK-FORCE-STEVE-FUND-REPORT.pdf 2. Gallup, Inc. and Strada Education Network. (2018). 2018 Strada-Gallup Alumni Survey: Mentoring College Students to Success. 3. Active Minds. (2020). Changing the Culture Around Mental Health: 2020 Impact Report. https://www.activeminds.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/ActiveMinds_ImpactReportFY20.pdf 4. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2016). Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. SMA 16-4984, NSDUH Series H-51). Retrieved from http://www.samhsa.gov/data/ 5. Robert T. Fairman, Milkie Vu, Regine Haardörfer, Michael Windle & Carla J. Berg (2020): Prescription stimulant use among young adult college students: Who uses, why, and what are the consequences?, Journal of American College Health. 6. Arria, A. M., & DuPont, R. L. (2018). Prescription Stimulant Use and Misuse: Implications for Responsible Prescribing Practices. The American journal of psychiatry, 175(8), 707–708. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18050596 7. Garnier-Dykstra, L. M., Caldeira, K. M., Vincent, K. B., O'Grady, K. E., & Arria, A. M. (2012). Nonmedical use of prescription stimulants during college: four-year trends in exposure opportunity, use, motives, and sources. Journal of American college health : J of ACH, 60(3), 226–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2011.589876 8. Intimate Partner Violence on College Campuses: An Appraisal of Emerging Perspectives. Journal of Education and Human Development June 2016, Vol. 5, No. 2 9. AAU Climate Survey on Sexual Assault and Sexual Misconduct. January 2020. 10. An, S. and Choi, Y.J. (2018, January 11). "IPV Victimization and Perpetuation Among Black College Students." Society for Social Work and Research 22nd Annual Conference. 11. Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network (RAINN). Campus Sexual Violence: Statistics. https://www.rainn.org/statistics/campus-sexual-violence 12. Parker, K. and Igielnik, R. (2020, May 14). "On the Cusp of Adulthood and Facing an Uncertain Future: What We Know About Gen Z So Far. Pew Research Center. "https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/essay/on-the-cusp-of-adulthood-and-facing-an-uncertain-future-what-we-know-about-gen-z-so-far/ 13. Postsecondary National Policy Institute. (2020, June 12). Factsheets: LGBTQ Students in Higher Education. https://pnpi.org/lgbtq-students-in-higher-education/ 14. Lipari, R.N., Park-Lee, E., and Van Horn, S. (2016, September 29). America's Need for and Receipt of Substance Use Treatment in 2015. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/report_2716/ShortReport-2716.html 15. The Trevor Project. (2020, March 26). "Research Brief: Substance Use Disparities by Sexual Identity." https://www.thetrevorproject.org/2020/03/26/research-brief-substance-use-disparities-by-sexual-identity/
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2021 State of the Undergraduate Class
