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Crocheting Crocheted fabric is an interlooped structure built upon a chain foundation. Crocheting is a simple yet versatile technique requiring only a hook and a yarn. Various stitches are possible and a variety of textures and patterns can be created. The craft has been practiced by both men and women in many countries and adapted to local materials and requirements. The word crochet comes from croche, Middle French for hook. It probably evolved from tambour, an older form of Turkish chain-stitch embroidery made with a fine crochet-like hook. True crochet occurred when the backing was discarded and the stitches became independent. It is possible that crochet developed independently in South America, before 1500 AD. To this day, Peruvian and Mayan men crochet shoulder bags to carry seeds in planting season, coca leaves for energy, and food. An example of such a bag is illustrated here. In 19th-century Europe, crochet became a leisure activity for women. Much of the work was made with fine, white thread as an imitation of more expensive lace forms. In Ireland, crocheting became a cottage industry to supplement family income during the potato famine. In the mid-20th century, thicker yarn was used. This is illustrated in an afghan throw of bright-colored granny squares and three doilies shown on the following pages. Avant-garde designers Vivienne Westwood and Jean Paul Gaultier integrate crochet work into their apparel. One of the most common current uses of crochet can be seen in the kufi caps worn by Muslim men. The production of crochet has not been mechanized. In some Asian countries crocheted garments, belts and bags are made by workers paid minimum wages in factory-like conditions. In Ireland, Greece and the Balkan states, crocheting is a cottage industry. In parts of Pakistan and other countries, cooperatives have been established to help local people produce and market crocheted wares.
Hand-crocheted food or seed bag Cotton or yarn Peru, 20th century Gift of Katherine H. Nunez, GTM 2004.2.7