Global Milling Advances is a magazine for agriculture professionals worldwide
Mycotoxin management Crop biostimulants Flour fortification Improving pellet quality
Issue 22 / February 2018
Industry Events
Editorial
Issue 22 / February 2018 Mycotoxin management Minimising the damage
Welcome to the latest issue of Global Milling Advances. This month we discover ways to keep the levels of mycotoxins in crops as low as possible and find out how pellet quality can affect nutrient availability. We also learn about the health benefits of flour fortification and the role of crop biostimulants in crop nutritional management. Finally, we get acquainted with a new online portal for streamlining spare and worn parts processing. We strive to provide relevant and useful information to our professional readership. Contributor submissions, press releases and feedback on our publications are always welcome. Keep up to date with events happening in your industry by visiting our website or checking the events section in this issue (p.24).
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Crop biostimulants Controlling nutritional efficiency
Flour fortification Reasons and health benefits
Improving pellet quality Effects on nutrient availability
Events
The world’s top events related to milling from around the world, listed on p.24
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Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2018
Page 1
Flour Fortification Moves Beyond Iron and Folic Acid While preventing anemia and birth defects
Of the 86 countries with wheat flour
usually added to foods other than wheat
are the most commonly noted reasons for
fortification mandates in January 2018, 70
flour.
fortifying wheat flour, in practice most
included nutrients in addition to iron or folic
• Iron helps move oxygen throughout the
countries that fortify include a variety of
acid in their fortification standards (Table 1).
body.
nutrients. The combination of vitamins and
• Vitamin A is important for normal vision,
minerals addresses a variety of health
The health benefits of the nutrients follow:
the immune system, and reproduction. Its
concerns.
• B vitamins help keep cells, nerves, the
deficiency is the leading cause of childhood
heart, and brain healthy. They include:
blindness.
The health impact of good nutrition is
o Thiamin (vitamin B1) prevents the
• Vitamin D helps bodies absorb calcium
multi-faceted. The World Health
nervous system disease called beriberi.
which improves bone health.
Organization (WHO) refers to nutrition as a
o Niacin (vitamin B3) prevents the skin
• Zinc helps children develop, strengthens
“cornerstone of good health. Poor nutrition
disease known as pellagra.
immune systems, and lessens complications
can lead to reduced immunity, increased
o Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps with
from diarrhea.
susceptibility to disease, impaired physical
metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and
and mental development, and reduced
proteins.
Each country decides what nutrients to
productivity.”
o Vitamin B6 is needed for enzyme
include in fortified wheat flour based on the
reactions involved in metabolism.
needs of the population. For example,
No single vitamin or mineral provides all the
o Folic acid (vitamin B9) helps with cell
Australia is the only country with mandatory
nutrition that people need. Flour can be
reproduction and helps prevent birth
wheat flour fortification that does not
fortified with several nutrients, giving
defects of the brain and spine.
include iron in the standard. Country
countries more return on the millers’
o Vitamin B12 maintains functions of the
leaders determined that the population had
investment, said Scott J. Montgomery,
brain and nervous system.
adequate iron intake from eating red meat,
Director of the Food Fortification Initiative
• Calcium builds strong bones, helps
which is a natural source of iron. As a result,
(FFI).
transmit nerve messages and assists with
Australia fortifies wheat flour with folic acid
muscle function and blood clotting. It is
and thiamin.
Page 2
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2018
Table 1 Nutrient Iron Folic acid (vitamin B9) Thiamin (vitamin B1) Niacin (vitamin B3) Riboflavin (vitamin B2) Zinc Vitamin B12 Vitamin A Vitamin B6 Calcium Vitamin D
Number of countries that include nutrient in wheat flour for�fica�on standard 85 80 59 57 57 25 15 15 13 5 4
Source: Food Fortification Initiative January 2018
Premix Two would cost 8,57 Euros per kilogram of premix. It would have an addition rate of 270 parts per million. If fortification is mandatory, millers are under equitable financial expectation for buying premix. If the costs of fortification are passed to consumers, the price increase per consumer is minimal. Another advantage of mandatory fortification programs is that unfortified flour should not be competing with fortified flour for market share. FFI encourages countries that want to fortify with vitamin A to consider adding it to other foods. Vitamin A can be added to wheat
In most countries, fortifying cereal grains is
The levels for folic acid, iron, and zinc are
flour, but the vitamin must be encapsulated.
practical because cereal grains are
based on WHO recommendations for low
This can shorten the flour’s shelf life and
commonly consumed. Availability of at least
extraction flour where 150 to 300 grams of
increase the price of premix. Consequently,
75 grams of the grain is needed per person
wheat are available for human consumption
many countries opt to fortify cooking oil or
per day for fortification to address the
per person per day. The levels for the other
sugar with vitamin A rather than adding
needs of women of childbearing age – one
B vitamins replace the nutrients that are in
vitamin A to wheat flour. Rice can also be
of the most vulnerable populations. At least
wheat naturally but are removed during
fortified with vitamin A.
75 grams of wheat flour, maize flour, or rice
milling. Another consideration for country
is available per person per day in 167 countries, according to data from the Food
Adeline Provent with the GAIN Premix
fortification programs is whether most of
and Agriculture Organization.
Facility, said Premix Two would cost nearly
the population consumes the food. In China
twice as much as Premix One. Marvin Jaeger
and India for example, rice is highly
“Many countries that are not yet fortifying
of Mühlenchemie GmbH & Co. KG
consumed in some regions and foods made
have high consumption of wheat flour. They
confirmed this. The Mühlenchemie cost
with wheat flour are more popular in other
are missing an opportunity to address
estimate in February 2018 was 4,50 Euros
regions. In these countries, both wheat flour
several public health problems with one
per kilogram of Premix One. It would have
and rice need to be fortified to reach most
intervention,” Montgomery noted. “Wheat
an addition rate of 200 parts per million.
of the population.
flour consumption in Central Asia is particularly high. There, fortifying wheat flour alone could make a tremendous difference.” Of course, adding more nutrients will increase the price of premix, which is the blend of vitamins and minerals that millers use to fortify wheat flour. In February 2018, FFI asked two of its partners for a cost comparison of two premix combinations as follows: • Premix One – folic acid at 1.3 parts per million (ppm) and iron as ferrous fumarate at 30 ppm • Premix Two - folic acid at 1.3 ppm, iron as ferrous fumarate at 30 ppm, thiamin at 6.4 ppm, niacin at 53 ppm, riboflavin at 4 ppm, and zinc oxide at 40 ppm
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2018
Page 3
The historical focus on grain fortification to
debilitating fatigue which limits physical
Yet everyone needs folic acid for cell
prevent anemia is due to anemia being
activity and work productivity. Anemia is
reproduction. In addition, a growing
widespread. The WHO estimates that 496
very serious in pregnancy as it increases the
number of studies associate folic acid with
million non-pregnant women and 32.4
risk of sickness and death for the mother
decreased risk of some types of heart
million pregnant women are anemic. Iron
and the baby.
disease and stroke. In the United States, fortifying grains with folic acid has nearly
deficiency is estimated to cause half of Other than iron deficiency, anemia can be
eliminated folate deficiency anemia (folate
caused by infections and genetic conditions
is another term for vitamin B9). As a result,
Anemia occurs when the number and size of
as well as deficiencies of folic acid, vitamin
fortifying with folic acid addresses multiple
red blood cells are too low. This leads to
B12, vitamin A, riboflavin, and zinc. Anemia
health concerns.
those cases of anemia.
caused by nutritional deficiencies is called nutritional anemia. Countries that fortify
Countries that have been fortifying flour for
wheat flour with only one or two of these
years would likely benefit from reviewing
nutrients are missing an opportunity to
their standards and the population’s
address several causes of nutritional anemia
nutritional needs to see if additional
with one strategy.
nutrients should be included in wheat flour. Such a review could also compare the levels
Likewise, birth defects of the brain and
in the standard with WHO
spine caused by insufficient folic acid can be
recommendations. Countries that are not
critical and costly. Spina bifida is one of the
yet fortifying wheat flour would benefit
most common examples of these birth
from considering multiple nutrients in the
defects. Spina bifida can be mild to severe;
standard so that fortification maximizes its
people with severe cases require a life-time
potential health benefits.
of medical care and experience some paralysis. Where health care is lacking,
For more information visit:
severe cases of spina bifida likely lead to the
www.FFInetwork.org
child’s death. Consequently, the reason most countries add folic acid to wheat flour is to reduce the risk of these devastating birth defects.
Page 4
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2018
Depart Grew By 60 Percent in 2017 Depart, which is taking rapid and firm steps forward becoming a "One Stop Shop" for customers in the mill spare parts industry, increased its turnover by 60% and the number of customers by 48% in 2017. Depart Sales Manager Cengiz Tiryakioğlu
economical and fastest mannerin Turkey
in the supply chain, including production,
said, “2017 was a year in which our targets
and all over the world. After Zambia, we
Depart provides global spare parts supply
were achieved with our sales strategies and
opened our second overseas warehouse in
for all mills without discriminating any
our growth performance continuedat full
Mongolia in order to achieve this goal.”
brand.
steam. We continued to increase our market share, and as a result, we became the
Drawing attention to the targets of the year
distributor of fivedifferent companies. In
2018, Mr. Tiryakioğlu predicts 40% increase
addition, we increased the number of
in both of sales target and number of
countries we export to 70 in 2017. We are
customers, while planning to open new
able to respond quickly to orders thanks to
warehouses in strategic regions.
our large spare parts stock. As Depart with our strong distribution network, we aim to
By holding the distributorships of the
meet customers' needs in the most
brands as CPM, Filip, Rossi, Satake and Verdi
Global Milling Year Planner
2018 A milling industry resource. Global Milling Year Planner is a useful listing of all major industry events for the year ahead, perfect for planning your shows and travels, available for free from Nisa Media.
Download for free from
www.globalmilling.com
Page 8
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2018
Bühler Seminar “Flour Quality” at the African Milling School in Nairobi / Kenya
Consistent Flour Quality How can a miller ensure consistent quality of different flours for multiple applications despite varying grain quality? About 75 representatives of the milling industry came together recently at the African Milling School in Nairobi to hear from Bühler experts of the Flour Service business unit about innovative and cost-efficient possibilities to improve the flour quality. The one-day seminar offered by Bühler addressed trends and developments in the milling and backing industry. A strong focus was on specific flour characteristics and flour qualities and on innovative milling technologies for the production of premium flours for industrial bakers and private homes. Further emphasis was put on the exact analysis of flour properties and the effect of particular flour components on baking properties. Finally, the participants learned more about the various flour ingredients and their positive impact on end products, such as bread, cakes, chapatti and pasta. With its Flour Service Business Bühler not only holds seminars for knowledge transfer but also offers its customers specific solutions with customized ingredient mixes with the aim improve the quality of end products. More information:
Walter von Reding, Head of Milling Solutions Flour Service at Bühler.
Walter von Reding Head of Milling Solutions Flour Service Bühler AG in Uzwil / Switzerland Tel: +41 71 955 12 55 Mob: +41 79 524 86 27 Email: walter.vonreding@buhlergroup.com
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2018
Page 9
Pellet Quality Affecting Nutrient Availability Global population and therefore meat
production stands to benefit from the
Additionally, research by Dr Moritz,
consumption is set to increase dramatically
inclusion of proprietary milling aids.
Professor of Poultry Science at West Virginia
to 2050. To meet this demand, producers will have to use everything at their disposal to squeeze as much productivity from
University, looked into the distribution of
Fines and their effect on productivity
existing resource intake as possible.
fines and pellets between pans in different areas of broiler houses, as well as at the mill post production before transportation
Improving pellet quality can result in
Fines - the particles that separate from
(figure 2) (4). Results indicated that fines
improved productivity from the same
pellets during manufacture, transport, and
and pellets are distributed differently by
volume of resources. Improving PDI
in on-farm feeder systems - are a primary
on-farm feeder systems, with significantly
(thereby reducing fines) results in a more
indicator of low pellet quality and signal
different ratios of fines and pellets found in
complete and consistent nutrient package
nutrient segregation.
middle and end feeder pans.
than previously, leading to better FCR,
Kenny and Rollins (2) conducted research
Fines have been shown to contain
increased growth, and improved livestock
into the performance of flocks supplied with
disproportionately high amounts of vital
uniformity. Inclusion of a milling aid, such
feed containing different ratios of fines and
nutrients compared with intact pellets. In
as Maxi-MilÂŽ, can improve the pellet
intact pellets. Results showed that flocks fed
the same research, Dr Moritz found that
conditioning process, resulting in greater
feed consisting mostly of complete pellets
levels of phytase (liquid phytase applied
pellet quality. The lubrication brought to the
outperformed flocks fed rations with high
post-production) varied significantly
process by inclusion of Maxi-MilÂŽ also
amounts of fines (figure 1), showing
between the mill and different feeder pans
reduces friction through the pellet press,
significant improvements in both FCR and
(figure 2). (4)
resulting in reduced nutrient degradation
body weight over the 31-day trial period.
from the sudden increase in temperature
These findings are backed by previous
Large differences in the distribution of
(Delta T) during extrusion.
research carried out by Quentin et al (3) into
nutrients throughout broilers houses can
the impact of feed fine consumption on
lead to significant issues with flock
body weight gain, feed intake, and feed
uniformity. Non-uniform flocks can be
conversion rates, which found that large
harder to medicate, and cause issues when
amounts of fines led to poorer performance.
it comes to slaughter and processing due to
that is closer to the formulated specification
Physical Pellet Quality and its Effect on Nutrient Availability With the global population set to increase to 10 billion by 2050, and demand for meat products including poultry projected to double in that time (1), there is increasing pressure to make existing meat production more efficient. Producers of livestock feed are under pressure to produce more feed more efficiently, and for that feed to be of optimum quality for livestock performance. In pelleted livestock feeds, there has long been an emphasis on producing correctly and accurately formulated feeds to maximise livestock productivity, but close attention must also be paid to the physical quality - or feed form - of pelleted feed. Optimum pellet durability (PDI), pellet hardness and moisture varies by species, geography and ingredients, but all
Page 10
Figure 1
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2018
Commercial Maxi-Mil® trials in mills in Italy and Hungary achieved 3.7% (swine pellets) and 5.1% (broiler pellets) increases in pellet quality respectively, and also gave producers the opportunity to increase throughput by up to 25%. Maxi-Mil® gives mill managers the control to balance productivity through improving pellet quality, reducing energy costs associated with pelleting, increasing throughput, or reducing process loss. Anitox has developed a range of Feed Tech Advice Bulletins on topics including achieving optimum pellet quality. Please contact your local Anitox Feed Technologist for more
Figure 2
information. equipment being set up to process birds
intended, carefully-formulated nutrient
within a certain weight range that birds
package, therefore improving productivity
*FTU refers to one unit of phytase. This is a
from non-uniform flocks may fall outside.
and uniformity. Achieving optimum pellet
Danish derived acronym that originally
Additionally, it takes longer to consume the
quality can reduce the need for costly
referred to a “fytase unit”.
same volume of feed in fine form than it
over-formulation.
does in pellet form, and McKinney et al (5) demonstrated that birds consuming fines
References:
Inclusion of a Milling Aid
expend more energy in doing so and have reduced productive energy.
1) Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, ESA Working Paper
Addition a milling aid, such as Maxi-Mil®
No 12-03, p.131
from Anitox, can improve pellet quality and
2) Feed Physical Quality - Marcus Kenny,
Furthermore, livestock, particularly poultry,
reduce the presence of fines in finished
Nutrition Services, Aviagen - Dan Rollins,
selectively consume intact pellets rather
feed. By helping meal retain moisture
Director of Feed Production, Aviagen
than fines, meaning that nutrients in fines
during production, Maxi-Mil® improves the
3) Quentin, M., Bouvarel, I. and Picard, M.
are often wasted which goes against all
gelatinisation of starch during conditioning
2004. Short- and long-term effects of feed
principles of sustainable agriculture.
to better bind pellets together. This results
form on fast- and slow-growing broilers.
Nutritionists monitor nutrient segregation
in fewer fines and less opportunity for
Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 13:
and degradation and over-formulate to
nutrient segregation, furthermore, by
540-548
compensate, adding significant costs into
lubricating the meal through the pellet
4) Dr. Boney/Moritz presentation IPPE 2018
feed production. Producing feed of optimal
press, Maxi-Mil® results in a lowered Delta
5) McKinney et al 2004. Poultry Sci.
PDI with minimal fines helps ensure that
T, and less nutrient degradation from
83:1165-1174
livestock are more likely to consume the
sudden increases in temperature.
MILLING NEWS / INDUSTRY EVENTS / COMPANIES DIRECTORY
Your industry resource www.globalmilling.com
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2018
Page 11
Biostimulants in conventional crop production: Rethinking crop nutrition Modern agriculture is currently facing two
of action to biostimulants in
major challenges: doubling production rates
general. Instead, ongoing
to feed a longer-living population, which is
research is working to better
set to reach 9.3billion people by 2050, and
define how wider groups of
ensuring that crop nutritional status does
biostimulants work, better
not suffer. The first half of the 20th century
clarifying the mechanisms
heralded a shift in the way crop production
behind the results observed
was managed, focusing specifically on
in-field.
feeding a booming population by employing high-yielding cultivars, adopting better irrigation systems and relying on synthetic fertilisers and pesticides. While this approach was fit for the purpose at the
At the most basic level, Figure 1: Barley yield responses to biostimulant application time
time, there was little regard for sustainable
knowing the optimum time to apply biostimulants is critical to maximising the response achieved in-field. As
production, and the effects of these
their management practices, motivated not
illustrated in Figure 1, the yield response of
practices are being felt today in diminished
only by increasing regulatory restrictions on
one particular biostimulant, marketed as a
soil quality and nutritionally compromised
agrochemicals and pesticides, but an
proprietary blend of micronutrients and
foodstuffs. Crop nutritional management
evolving consumer demand for more
growth factors derived from microbial
will be a key aspect of the next Green
sustainable and responsible production
fermentation, was reliant on the timing of
Revolution, adopting technology and more
practices. This relatively recent shift in
application in winter barley. Single
sustainable practices to help make crop
thinking has seen the European Union
applications at key growth stage intervals,
production more efficient — getting more
organic sector grow rapidly over the last
such as stem extension and flowering,
out of less.
decade, with nearly 6 percent of total
helped improve yield, but a dual application
available farmable land dedicated to organic
at both intervals appeared to have a
production today. While organic farming is a
synergistic effect, equating to an additional
specific niche, there has been a
0.8 tonnes per hectare grain yield.
A new approach Crop biostimulants are a relatively new
considerable uptake of biostimulants into
concept, gaining significant prominence at
conventional management programmes,
the turn of the century. Subsequently, their
particularly as a finishing tool to reduce the
exact definition tends to be vague and
legacy of pesticides and agrochemicals prior
While yield will always be an important
far-reaching at best. Largely accepted as a
to harvest.
metric when evaluating the efficacy of a
fairly versatile term, “biostimulant� typically describes a natural substance that aims to
Crop responses
crop management system, nutritional
Understanding biostimulants
improve plant nutritional efficacy and stress
quality is an important agronomic trait when it comes to crop productivity and
tolerance. Biostimulants are often added at
When it comes to crop nutritional
value. The nutritional aspect of crop quality
relatively low levels and encompass
management, knowing how and why
has perhaps not always received the
everything from seaweed extract to
biostimulants work is key to their
attention that it deserves but is an area that
beneficial microorganisms to products
acceptance and adoption within the
has been highlighted over the last number
containing amino acids.
industry. Given the variety of products
of years in reports admonishing the decline
currently on the market, many of which
in foodstuff nutritional quality, particularly
Regardless of definition, more commercial
have relatively complex formulations, it is
in regards to mineral and vitamin
producers are adopting biostimulants into
nearly impossible to ascribe a specific mode
concentrations.
Page 12
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2018
Figure 2: Effect of a biostimulant programme on oat grain yield and phenolic content
Figure 3: Effect of manganese source on grain mineral concentration
In reality, accurately quantifying nutritional
control), but also increased the phenolic
quality over an extended period is a
status of the crop by 14.7 percent.
challenging task, with reports often ignoring variables such as variety, geography and
Nutritional efficiency
analytical accuracy. However, the growing
Relevance for the crop industry Inconsistencies in crop production have traditionally been resolved by resorting to synthetic fertilisers and agrochemicals.
adoption of biostimulants into conventional
Similarly, crop nutritional efficiency can also
However, stricter regulations, cultivar
crop management programmes has
be improved by simply considering nutrient
genetics, less efficient soils and a greater
demonstrated that both yield and
form during application. Manganese is
market demand for more sustainably grown
nutritional quality can be improved through
involved in numerous photosynthetic
produce is driving the industry to adapt.
simple foliar amendments.
processes and is essential for maximum
From a consumer perspective, the idea of
crop productivity. Its deficiency in crops is a
nutritionally enhanced functional foods is
Employing high-yield cultivars has played a
widespread issue, largely mediated by soil
becoming more and more desirable. The
role in what is referred to as the “dilution
type and pH. Cereals are particularly
perception that certain foodstuffs play a
effect,” which is an inverse relationship
susceptible, with significant losses in yield
functional role in general health and
between crop yield and nutrient value.
reported for cases of both moderate and
well-being has elevated the status of certain
When assessing crop nutritional status,
severe deficiencies.
“superfoods” and made targeted production
thefocus has been predominantly on
practices even more relevant. While the
macronutrients and micronutrients;
Alleviating or pre-empting a deficiency is
industry itself is moving toward a greater
however, more recently, phytochemical,
routinely done throughout the growing
reliance on automation and technology to
antioxidant and phenolic status have
season with foliar mineral sprays. Like most
improve efficiencies, the use of proven
become important considerations.
mineral micronutrients, manganese is
biostimulants will play a significant role in
Phytochemical, antioxidant, macronutrient
poorly mobile in plants, particularly when
the crop management programmes
and micronutrient contents are directly
presented as an inorganic source, with
designed to meet the demands of a growing,
reflected in crop growing conditions and can
excessive levels added during spraying to
longer-living population.
be readily analysed to ensure that the
compensate for poor uptake. Research into
nutritional value of the crop is not sacrificed
the contributing factors for mineral uptake
Mark Gaffney, Ph.D.
by efforts to improve yield.
has indicated that by complexing that
Research Project Manager
mineral to an amino acid, thereby making it
Alltech European Bioscience Centre, Ireland
Figure 2 illustrates the potential of such an
an organic mineral source, uptake efficiency
mgaffney@alltech.com
approach, whereby a biostimulant
andmineral mobility can be influenced and,
programme was incorporated into a
ultimately, greater mineral status within the
standard crop management plan (untreated
grain can be achieved at equivalent
control) for a randomised spring oat field
concentrations (Figure 3).
trial. The subsequent findings not only showed improved grain yields (more than 8.5 percent compared to the untreated
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2018
Page 13
Ergot Alkaloids Produced by the fungi group known as
Symptoms of Ergot Alkaloid contamination
and reliable screening methods for the
Claviceps, Ergot Alkaloids develop during
in animals vary with each species and can
detection of ergotamine in seed and flour
extended periods of moisture and cold
be quite severe, for example, nausea,
at excellent limits of detection.
temperatures when fungi infect the seed
vomiting, muscle pain, gangrene and
heads of plants during the flowering period
convulsions. In most recorded cases,the
Using Biochip Array Technology enables the
and then fungi replace the grain with the
effected grain is disposed of and animals
user to not only screen for Ergot Alkaloids
alkaloid wintering body referred to as ergot.
are put down to minimise the impact of the
but to simultaneously test for up to 10 of
While ergot prevalence is largely dependent
contamination.
the world’s most prevalent mycotoxins and
on geographical location, increased unpredictable climates have resulted in
with the customisable MycoFlex Biochip
Screening for Ergot Alkaloids
contaminated feed and affected animals
available the most specific mycotoxin testing requirements can be met.
being reported globally. Other influencing
Randox Food Diagnostics offer the market
factors include harvest year, cereal species
two screening kits for the detection of Ergot
For more information on Ergot Alkaloid
and variety. Despite this it is generally
Alkaloids in feed. Available to suit sample
testing with Randox Food contact
thought that the number of unknown
throughput requirements on either a single
info@randoxfooddiagnostics.com
contributing factors outnumber the known
sample ELISA or the multiplexing Biochip
as new cases are being reported across
Array Technology (BAT) platform. Randox
the globe.
Food supply the market with fast, accurate
Page 14
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2018
NEW TASCC Codes of Practice The Agricultural Industries Association (AIC)
sectors of the grain trade both nationally
any changes to the status of a participant
has issued the new Codes of Practice for its
and internationally.
i.e. certified or suspended.
Crops (TASCC) and these can be viewed on
AIC Feed schemes also have Earned
“This has been a major undertaking for the
the AIC Website. The scheme is effective
Recognition with the Food Standards
TASCC Working Group but the review is vital
from the 1st February 2018 and will remain
Authority (FSA) for businesses certified to
to ensure feed and food safety within the
in place for two years. This action is being
UFAS, FEMAS and TASCC which helps reduce
UK and beyond” commented John Kelley,
taken to allow TASCC participants plenty of
the number of inspections from local
Managing Director, AIC Services.
time to implement the codes before the
authorities.
Trade Assurance Scheme for Combinable
start this year’s harvest period. As well as
Anyone wishing to find out more about
the codes on the web site, there is a
The TASCC Working Group have worked
TASCC should contact Garry Rudd at AIC on
summary of changes document and several
tirelessly over the last 18 months in liaison
01733 385230 or
template documents for hauliers,
with stakeholders to ensure that the codes
garry.rudd@agindustries.org.uk.
storekeepers and trailer hire companies.
reflect the latest legislative, industry and
AIC will also be holding seminars around
customer practice to ensure that TASCC
the country in May and June to discuss the
business meets these requirements. The
changes to the codes.
codes are also instrumental in helping businesses manage a food/feed safety
TASCC is the leading trade assurance
incident.
scheme for combinable crops in the UK and covers the supply chain from farm gate to
Another benefit to TASCC participants is the
primary processor encompassing grain
“Assurance Alert” email system which helps
storage, haulage, merchanting and testing.
TASCC participants, as well as their
TASCC has mutual recognition status with all
customers and suppliers, keep up to date of
Be seen by thousands of industry professionals Tel: +44 117 2306493 Email: smajor@globalmilling.com
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2018
Page 15
Picture: Maize harvested in Europe, 2017
Feed: the most important source of mycotoxins, can we change that? Author: Radka Borutova, Business development manager, NutriAd Belgium Mycotoxins, toxins produced by fungi that colonize food crops, can pose a heavy economic burden to the United States corn industry. In terms of economic burden, aflatoxins are the most problematic mycotoxins in US agriculture. Climate change may cause increases in aflatoxin contamination in corn, greatly affecting the economy of the US Midwest and all sectors in the US and worldwide that rely upon its corn production. It is estimated that aflatoxin contamination could cause losses to the corn industry ranging from $52.1 million to $1.68 billion annually in the United States, if climate change causes more regular aflatoxin contamination in the Corn Belt as was experienced in years such as 2012. The wide range represents the
Page 16
natural variability in aflatoxin contamination
Mould can also grow during the processing
from year to year in US corn, with higher
of feed, especially when the process
losses representative of warmer years
increases temperature and humidity in the
(Mitchell et al., 2017).
feed. There are several conditions which influence mould growth as well as the
Currently, there are more than 400 known
formation of mycotoxins.
mycotoxins. Those of most concern can be divided into six major categories: aflatoxins,
The most important are:
trichothecenes, fumonisins, zearalenone,
• Adequate moisture content (free or active
ochratoxins, and ergot alkaloids. The fungi
water)
can also be divided into two groups; Field
• Suitable temperature
fungi which produce mycotoxins in crops
• Sufficient oxygen
before harvest (pre-harvest) and storage
• Physical damage of the crop
fungi which produce mycotoxins mainly
• Presence of fungal spores
after harvest (post-harvest). Fusarium moulds are considered to be field fungi while Aspergillus and Penicillium moulds
Factors influencing mycotoxin production
are considered to be storage fungi. It is well known that 95% of all mycotoxins are
Stress factors such as drought, poor
produced in the fields. Therefore a high
fertilisation, high crop densities, weed
number of mycotoxins may already be
competition, insect or mechanical damage
present in the raw feed ingredients before
(in the field or during harvest, storage and
they are received in feed mills or farms.
distribution) can weaken the natural
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2018
defence of the plant. This promotes
Test the finished feed
colonisation by mycotoxin-producing fungi
cannot be guaranteed use of mould inhibitors is highly recommended.
as well as mycotoxin-formation. Mycotoxins
Another strategy of mycotoxin risk
can be found in all grain and forage varieties
management is to test mycotoxins presence
that are used to produce food or feed. They
in finished feeds. This method has some
accumulate in the food and feed crops
advantages and disadvantages. The most
whilst in the field or during transportation
important advantage is that by testing the
The initial question was if the fact that feed
or improper storage. Although analytical
final mixture, the mycotoxins from the
is the most important source of mycotoxins
test results maybe negative for mycotoxins
individual raw ingredients are more likely to
could be changed. The answer is no, this
in feed, it is known that they may still be
be identified unlike the rapid test kits where
cannot change. However, assurance can be
present. It is well known that mycotoxins
some important raw ingredients whose
given that the feed provided to the animals
are not homogenously dispersed in
inclusion is not high (5-10%) can be missed.
despite the mycotoxin contamination will be
feedstuff but usually occur as “hot spots”
These missed mycotoxins can still cause
safe and will not affect the health and
within the feed. This makes sampling
significant contamination of finished feed.
performance of livestock.
analytically undetected, even with perfect
Since the 1960’s, many analytical methods
The final possible step in mycotoxin
sampling procedures. Therefore, a negative
have been developed for the testing of
management is the application of a
mycotoxin result should not be too
mycotoxins in human food and animal feeds
mycotoxin deactivator. These products work
comforting in many situations. Mycotoxins
due to the concern of toxicity in human
strictly in vivo and will not counteract or
may also be masked from analytical
health. Among them, the methods of
mask mycotoxin in stored feed or raw
detection by small molecules (glycosides)
thin-layer-chromatography (TLC), enzyme-
ingredients. These products deactivate the
attached to the toxin thus giving a false
linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and
toxins directly in the gastrointestinal tract of
negative result. Consequently, these masked
immunosensor-based methods have been
animals, based either on adsorption of
mycotoxins are not detectable with
widely used for rapid screening, while
those mycotoxins with suitably located polar
conventional analytical methods. However,
high-performance liquid chromatography
functional groups, or biological degradation
these attached molecules may be removed
(HPLC) with fluorescence detection (FD) and
(bio-inactivation). Unike® and Toxynil®
during digestion, thereby releasing the
mass spectrometry detection (MS) have
product lines from NUTRIAD represent
mycotoxin and affecting the animal.
been used as confirmatory and reference
specially developed feed additives that
tests. Accredited laboratory service is
protect animals from mycotoxicoses by
required for this step. The key disadvantage
adsorption, bio-inactivation, organ, immune
of analysing finished feed is that it usually
and antioxidant system support and
The most important role of feed mills is to
quite a long time and by the time the results
represent an optimal solution for mycotoxin
keep the levels of mycotoxins as low as
are known, the feed will have been
management for farm animals. It is highly
possible while avoiding multi-mycotoxin
consumed already.
recommended to apply effective mycotoxin
Apply effective mycotoxin deactivator
difficult and the mycotoxins may remain
Test the raw ingredients
deactivator which offers an opportunity to
contamination. Most of the mycotoxins co-exist resulting in anyone commodity
Use mould inhibitors
significantly improve animal health, performance, productivity and profit that
containing numerous mycotoxins at the same time. The best practical way to test
The quality of feed and feed material is
can be impaired by mycotoxins. Depending
and control mycotoxin levels in raw
determined by its composition and its
on the target performance, different
materials that are not yet stored in silos is to
microbiological load. The number of mould
mycotoxins will have different effects on the
use rapid test kit systems. A number of tests
spores is especially an important factor.
productivity. Therefore, using different
are carried out using different rapid test kit
Little can be done about mould
products for different animal groups
systems which are validated for different
contamination and subsequent toxin
become a rational trend.
mycotoxins and commodities. These rapid
production in the field pre-harvest.
test kit systems offer a very quick and
However, a mould inhibition program in line
References
effective way of screening raw material
with the storage conditions and the nutrient
Mitchell N.J., Bowers, Hurburgh and F. Wua.
before it enters the feed mill. Once the
availability is key to minimising post-harvest
Potential economic losses to the USA corn
mycotoxin levels are known, every feed mill
mould growth and mycotoxin production.
industry from aflatoxin contamination. Food
can estimate the quality of its raw ingredients
Storage mycotoxin contamination
Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control
in terms of mycotoxin contamination and
(ochratoxins, aflatoxins) can be prevented
Expo Risk Assess. 2016; 33(3): 540–550.
can effectively and more precisely (dosage
by keeping temperature and moisture
adjustment) apply mycotoxin deactivator
content in silos low while grain is regularly
during production of feeds.
aerated. In case optimal storage conditions
Page 18
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2018
Easy to do business with Bühler Streamlining the spare and wear
information becomes the new standard, we
between, it’s end-to-end, everything is right
parts processing has just been
at Bühler also strive to provide our
there. The system lists your machines and
customers with up-to-date information and
tells you immediately the spare parts that
services at anytime and from anywhere.
are available for this specific machine,
made easier: The myBühler portal provides on-demand access to
The new myBühler portal offers customers
including 360º images of parts, as well as
details of Bühler machines and
easy access to all details of their machines
terms of delivery and price. Also, it is really
their relevant parts, together with
and parts, including documents such as user
accurate and reliable – there was not one
manuals and spare parts catalogs. myBühler
wrong delivery so far.”
a fast and simple process for ordering online – anywhere and anytime.
provides its users with an overview of their Bühler equipment and makes it easy to find the parts they are looking for. In addition,
Additional tool, not a replacement
the purchasing process is streamlined thanks to direct access to pricing and
Mark Lind notes that he would miss the
Allied Mills has flour mills in Tilbury,
material information and the ability to
personal contact if he were only ordering
Manchester and Belfast (UK), supplying
directly generate quotations and orders
online. However, with myBühler customers
group bakeries throughout the country and
online.
have both options: quick online ordering
supporting household bread brands such as Kingsmill, Sunblest, Burgen and Allinson. Bühler and Allied Mills have enjoyed a long
anytime and anywhere, or picking up the
Spare parts order process made easy
partnership, which began half a century ago.
phone and chatting to someone at Bühler. “Initially, I was concerned that we would lose touch with our contacts at Bühler, but
The collaboration has always been forward-
In Tilbury, Allied Mills has about 900
discovered soon that this was meant as an
looking, so it came as no surprise that
machines installed, containing approx.
additional communication tool – giving us
AlliedMills was willing to be one of the initial
45,000 parts. In 2017, over 95% of the wear
the choice to use either, or a combination of
customers worldwide to agree to implement
and spare parts orders were placed through
both.” Nowadays, about 1000 customers
and test the new myBühler portal, which
myBühler, and 70% were a direct order,
already use myBühler. Understandably, it is
was launched at the beginning of 2016, after
without a previous quotation, which speeds
still a work in progress, but it is a work that
one year of intensive development.
up business significantly. Mark Lind, Senior
goes hand in hand with the users,
Engineer at Allied Mills, explains:
supporting each other on this learning path.
“Before myBühler, our ordering process
Working closely with its customers is very
could be quite time-consuming, especially
important for Bühler, since valuable
As the impact of the internet on everyday
when we had to search for the part number.
customer feedback can make this portal
life increases constantly and 24/7 access to
myBühler is very useful: there is nothing in
better.
myBühler simplifies workload
myBühler is an intuitive tool for easy online spare and wear parts ordering, providing customers on-demand access to details of their Bühler equipment and relevant parts.
Page 20
By using myBühler on a smartphone, a lot of time can be saved – no more running back and forth between the mill an the workshop; ordering can be done location- and time-independent.
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2018
With myBühler, ordering is quick and easy: customers just scan the QR code instead of searching for and filling in the part’s number manually.
Mark Lind would wholeheartedly recommend myBühler – because it works.
Short and sweet – from installation to operation
for example. Furthermore, Bühler also plans
Brian needs two screens, Daniel lacks 50
to add a separate page, with the parts
filter socks, and Steven wants to order ten
ordered most recently, or with the total
bearings. So, at the end of the week, this
Mark Lind is quick to state that only very
figure showing how much was spent in a
shopping list goes into the cart. If the order
little training was needed for the new portal.
month or year, amongst other things.
isn’t urgent, several different people or
Navigation is straightforward and intuitive.
departments can combine their orders,
The start page shows different menus, from
which will reduce the delivery costs.
where you can navigate to your machines and parts, your previous quotations and orders, your templates, or your calendar. The myBühler portal is completely individual: from past quotations and deliveries to agreements, everything is specific to each customer. Customers can just order right away, as they need it – and ordering only takes about five minutes. The tool provides insight into pricing and procedures upfront, e.g. showing information about various possible shipping methods, which allows the customer to choose the right shipment, based on his timeframe and cost range. Also, the installation time for this tool is
myBühler – benefits at a glance: • Online overview of all Bühler equipment • Fast identification of parts and part numbers • Simple and time-saving ordering process • High accuracy: getting the right part on time, with zero error rate • On-demand access at any time, on any device, and from anywhere Conclusion: myBühler streamlines your purchasing process and reduces downtime in the end
Would Mark Lind recommend myBühler? “Yes, I would totally recommend myBühler to anyone. It definitely makes doing business with Bühler easier and speeds up the process of placing orders. It not only saves time, but also money. And there is less room for error: we get the right part, right on time, every time. The portal benefits us 100%, both short-term and long-term.”
The world of myBühler is waiting for you If you are interested in learning more about myBühler or setting up the helpful tool at
quite short: it will vary depending on the age
your plant, please get in touch with the
of the plant, the number of machines and the location, but typically it takes around 2-3
All spare parts have a QR code, so you can
nearest Bühler office, or contact
days. And yes, it is free of charge.
simply scan instead of having to type it in.
customer.care@mybuhler.com
Brad Hurr, Mechanical Maintenance
Newest addition: QR codes
Engineer at Allied Mills, is impressed with myBühler: “I am not the type of person who
Bühler is constantly working on improving
always wants to talk to people on the
the myBühler portal. A large number of
phone. So having the option to process my
images have been uploaded already, and
order using the portal suits me perfectly.
more will be added continually. Allied Mill
Also, the QR codes are really useful - they
confirms that pictures help tremendously
make everything much easier and faster.”
during the ordering process. Also, the
Another recently added feature is the
system is comprehensive; Allied Mills never
storing of customized templates, or the
missed the listing of any of their machines,
possibility of using a shopping list: Let’s say
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2018
Page 21
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INDUSTRY: MILLING & AGRICULTURE, FEED
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Events in detail February
Click this link to download our events planner today and keep up to date with the latest industry meetings 2018 Year Planner
World MillTech 2018
IGC Grains Conference 2018
29 March – 1 April
19 June
13th International Agriculture and Livestock
Turkey
UK
Exhibition, AGROEXPO 2018
www.tuyap.com.tr
www.igc.int
1–4 February Turkey
April
July
www.agroexpo.com.tr International Sorghum Conference,
Institute of Food Technologists Annual
BakingTech 2018
"Sorghum in the 21st Century"
Meeting and Food Expo
25–27 February
9–12 April
15–18 July
USA
South Africa
USA
www.asbe.org/bakingtech2018/
https://21centurysorghum.com
www.ift.org
March
122st Annual IAOM, Conference & Expo
September
9–13 April AgraME
USA
IBA 2018
6–8 March
www.iaom.info
15–20 September
Dubai www.agramiddleeast.com
Germany May
www.iba.de October
4th Latin America Cereals Conference,
6. Food Safety Congress
LACC4
3–4 May
11–14 March
Turkey
North American Millers' Association, NAMA
Mexico
www.ggd.org.tr
2018 Annual Meeting
www.icc.or.at/events/lacc4
18–21 October 4th International Bakery Technology
USA
CIMMYT - International Gluten Workshop
Conference
www.namamillers.org
14–17 March
23–24 May
Mexico
UK
AACC International Annual Meeting
www.icc.or.at/node/2871
www.campdenbri.co.uk
21–23 October
GEAPS Exchange 2018
Ipackima 2018
24–27 March
29 May – 1 June
USA
Milan
www.geaps.com
www.ipackima.it
UK www.aaccnet.org November 3. International Congress on Food North American Millers' Association, NAMA
June
2018 Spring Conference
Technology 7–9 November
24–27 March
Poultry Information Exchange and
Turkey
USA
Australasian Milling Conference 2018
www.intfoodtechno2018.org
www.namamillers.org
3–5 June
FIAAP/VICTAM/GRAPAS Asia 2018
Australia
Eurotier
www.pixamc.com.au
13–16 November
27–29 March
Germany
Thailand
Cereals 2018
www.victam.com
13–14 June
www.eurotier.com
UK www.cerealsevent.co.uk/
Page 24
Global Milling Advances / February Issue 2018
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