Primary Care Reports – Managing Menopausal Symptoms and the Role of Hormone Replacement Therapy

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MANAGING MENOPAUSAL SYMPTOMS AND THE ROLE OF HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY

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Differential effects of oral and transdermal estrogen/progesterone regimens on sensitivity to activated protein C among postmenopausal women: a randomized trial. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003;23:1671-6 26 Scarabin PY, Alhenc-Gelas M, Plu-Bureau G, Taisne P, Agher R, Aiach M. Effects of oral and transdermal estrogen/progesterone regimens on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in postmenopausal women. A randomized controlled trial. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997;17:3071-8 27 Canonico M, Plu-Bureau G, Lowe GD, Scarabin PY. Hormone replacement therapy and risk of venous thromboembolism in postmenopausal women: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2008;336:1227-31 28 Mueck AO. Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and cardiovascular disease: the value of transdermal estradiol and micronized progesterone. Climacteric 2012;15 Suppl 1:11-7 29 Canonico M, Oger E, Plu-Bureau G, Conard J, Meyer G, Levesque H, et al. Hormone therapy and venous thromboembolism among postmenopausal women: impact of the route of estrogen administration and progestogens: the ESTHER study. Circulation 2007;115:840-5 30 Straczek C, Oger E, Yon de Jonage-Canonico MB, Plu-Bureau G, Conard J, Meyer G, et al. Prothrombotic mutations, hormone therapy, and venous thromboembolism among postmenopausal women: impact of the route of estrogen administration. Circulation 2005;112:3495-500 31 Mikkola TS, Tuomikoski P, Lyytinen H, Korhonen P, Hoti F, Vattulainen P, et al. Increased Cardiovascular Mortality Risk in Women Discontinuing Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015;100:4588-94 32 Renoux C, Dell’aniello S, Garbe E, Suissa S. Transdermal and oral hormone replacement therapy and the risk of stroke: a nested case-control study. BMJ 2010;340:c2519 33 Davis SR, Castelo-Branco C, Chedraui P, Lumsden MA, Nappi RE, Shah D, et al. Understanding weight gain at menopause. 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Front Horm Res 2014;43:21-32 39 Canonico M, Fournier A, Carcaillon L, Olie V, Plu-Bureau G, Oger E, et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of idiopathic venous thromboembolism: results from the E3N cohort study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010;30:340-5 40 Honisett SY, Pang B, Stojanovska L, Sudhir K, Komesaroff PA. Progesterone does not influence vascular function in postmenopausal women. J Hypertens 2003;21:1145-9 41 Boschitsch E, Mayerhofer S, Magometschnigg D. Hypertension in women: the role of progesterone and aldosterone. Climacteric 2010;13:307-13 42 Fournier A, Berrino F, Riboli E, Avenel V, Clavel-Chapelon F. Breast cancer risk in relation to different types of hormone replacement therapy in the E3N-EPIC cohort. Int J Cancer 2005;114:448-54 43 Lyytinen H, Pukkala E, Ylikorkala O. Breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women using estradiol-progestogen therapy. Obstet Gynecol 2009;113:65-73 44 Bakken K, Fournier A, Lund E, Waaseth M, Dumeaux V, Clavel-Chapelon F, et al. Menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer risk: impact of different treatments. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Int J Cancer 2011;128:144-56 45 The Writing Group for the PEPI Trial. Effects of hormone replacement therapy on endometrial histology in postmenopausal women. The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial. JAMA 1996;275:370-5 46 Eden J. The endometrial and breast safety of menopausal hormone therapy containing micronised progesterone: A short review. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2017;57:12-5 47 Besins Healthcare (UK) Ltd. Summary of Product Characteristics: Oestrogel® (17β-estradiol) 2014 [May 2017]. Available from: http://www.medicines. org.uk/emc/medicine/19898 48 Archer DF, Pickar JH, MacAllister DC, Warren MP. Transdermal estradiol gel for the treatment of symptomatic postmenopausal women. Menopause 2012;19:622-9 49 Besins Healthcare (UK) Ltd. Summary of Product Characteristics: Utrogestan® 100 mg capsules (natural micronised progesterone) 2016 [May 2017]. Available from: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/19895 1

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