The official magazine of the Institute of Municipal Engineering of Southern Africa
Winner of the 2011 PICA Non-professional writer of the year
IMESA
MEDIA
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT • MAINTENANCE • SERVICE DELIVERY
Water storage solutions for Africa
in the
Water
Ekurhuleni
Litter
Looming crisis
Urban infrastructure
Lurking danger
Dirk Meyer, managing director of Corobrik: “Municipal infrastructure
construction has always been an important market for Corobrik.” ISSN 0257 1978 Volume 37 No.5 • May 2012 • R40.00 (incl VAT)
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Global Innovative Solutions • • • • • • • •
Water Wastewater Irrigation Roads & Development Environmental and Solid Waste Electrical and Building Services Project and Construction Management Housing
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CONTENTS
VOLUME 37 NO 5 MAY 2012
9 40
Water's uncertain future
WWTW upgrade
Winner of the 2011 PICA Non-professional writer of the year
The official magazine of the Institute of Municipal Engineering of Southern Africa
49
52
Municipal finance
Housing delivery
IMESA
MEDIA
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT • MAINTENANCE • SERVICE DELIVERY
Water storage solutions for Africa
Insight
Panel discussion
14 The lurking danger
53 Introduction: Efficient water
of litter
and wastewater supply
55 Watson-Marlow Bredel:
Hot seat 18 Products ideally suited to municipal projects
Nico van Schalkwyk
57 Tecroveer: Gar y Brown 59 Group Five Pipe: Gerald Blackburn
in the
Water
Ekurhuleni
Litter
Looming crisis
Urban infrastructure
Lurking danger
Dirk Meyer, managing director of Corobrik: “Municipal infrastructure
construction has always been an important market for Corobrik.”
Groundwater 21 Management framework
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61 Aquatan: Piet Meyer 63 BTW Consulting: Basie Bouwer
for municipalities
ISSN 0257 1978 Volume 37 No.5 • May 2012 • R40.00 (incl VAT)
65 GLS Consulting: SBS Water Systems has been a leader in water storage for 14 years and has serviced a large variety of industries within South Africa’s borders and beyond.
Water and wastewater 29 32 37 40
A water lifeline A new name for pump player Water for platinum mines Paarl WWTW upgrade
Hanré Streicher
67 Victaulic: Barr y van Jaarsveld
IMESA 68 IMESA past presidents visited
Regulars 3 5
Editor’s comment President’s comment
Municipal finance
6
Water storage solutions for Africa
Industry perspective 9
The uncer tain future of water
municipal infrastructure
46 Ekurhuleni banking
Ekurhuleni 48 Holistic housing deliver y 50 Recreational facility upgrade 51 Water capacity increase for East Rand
Government perspective
Industry news
13 Safety lessons from the
52 Increasing engineering
mining industr y
through IMESA
45 Committed to account retained
Cover article
70 Reflections: A journey
student numbers
Project news 72 Sustainable development in Msunduzi
Products and services 75 77 79 81 83 84
Ageless water meters Air valves for pipeline Road reseal project Products used in multimillion pipeline Grease and oil separators Ditch the toolbox IMIESA MAY 2012
1
ANNUAL
IMESA
CONFERENCE
24 - 26 October Book online TODAY! www.imesa.org.za
The Southern Cape/Karoo Branch invites you to attend
the 2012 IMESA CONFERENCE | George hosted at the Transnet Railway Museum, fascinating home of the Outeniqua Choo Choo In addition to informative extracts, delegates will experience: •
a broad selection of Exhibitors
•
an exciting Technical Programme
•
World Class Golf
•
Unique Companions’ Programme
•
Discounted Accommodation
Book online TODAY to enjoy a dollop of Southern Cape Hospitality!
For information on exhibiting, sponsorship opportunities or general queries, contact the conference co-ordinator: Debbie Anderson on 031 266 3263 or via email: conference@imesa.org.za
EDITOR'S COMMENT
Why do we not look after our infrastructure assets?
PUBLISHER Elizabeth Shorten EDITOR Richard Jansen van Vuuren CREATIVE CHIEF EXECUTIVE Frédérick Danton SENIOR DESIGNER Hayley Mendelow SENIOR SUB-EDITOR Claire Nozaic SUB-EDITOR Patience Gumbo CONTRIBUTORS Susan Shabangu, Tony Stone, Candice Landie, Dr Kornelius Riemann, Jessica Brislin, Craig Cowden PRODUCTION MANAGER Antois-Leigh Botma PRODUCTION COORDINATOR Jaqueline Modise FINANCIAL MANAGER Andrew Lobban (ACIS, FCIBM) ADMINISTRATION Tonya Hebenton DISTRIBUTION MANAGER Nomsa Masina DISTRIBUTION COORDINATOR Asha Pursotham PRINTERS United Litho Johannesburg +27 (0)11 402 0571 ___________________________________________________
E
aquifers in North African counDNA MOLEWA, the tries, like Libya, Algeria, Egypt minister of Water and and Sudan. Environmental Affairs, It estimates that reserves recently stated that of groundwater across the about R572 billion will be spent continent are 100 times the in the water value chain over amount found on its surface the next 10 years. As the article or 0.66 million cubic kilomeon the topic (page 9) points out tres. Exercising caution it did it is no secret that infrastrucpoint out that “groundwater ture asset management in South Africa is dire. A total of R96 bil- Richard Jansen Van Vuuren is no panacea for Africa's water shortages”. lion is steered towards repairing On a global scale we are witnessing an existing water infrastructure. increasing population. By 2025 about twoI’m certain that this will be one of the many thirds of the world’s population will experience topics debated at the (Water Institute of some type of water shortage, according to estiSouthern Africa) WISA 2012 Conference. The mates. Water scarcity is now deemed the most concept behind the theme of the conference is immediate environmental risk to the world. best explained by the conference chairperson, All this highlights the levity of the future we Dana Grobler: “The idea behind a “water footface. We need solutions now that will influence print” is to say that humans have an impact where we will be in the next 20 years. through economic and human activity on all In this edition of IMIESA the Insight article aspects relating to water. So in other words, written by Tony Stone on page 14 looks at the water resources are being impacted as a result lurking danger of litter in urban areas, and more of being utilised and therefore discharged into specifically the effect litter has on stormwater the wastewater treatment systems. The condrainage. Tony reminds us that besides clogcept of the water footprint implies that the conging up stormwater drains and causing floodference will look at the issues and challenges ing, litter is also unsightly; it pollutes rivers, in their broadest sense and the associated oceans and groundwater. impact that a human has on water.” In addition, on page 21, we have published In the region of 1 200 delegates will attend a paper on groundwater management. The WISA 2012, representing three crucial sectors author, Dr Kornelius Riemann, points out the of the water value chain: water resources, perception that groundwater is not a sustainwater services and water researchers. WISA able resource for bulk domestic supply and will also host the Blue Drop Awards ceremony cannot be managed properly lingers. Despite during the conference. this, a growing number of municipalities utilise Perhaps the future of water in Africa is not as groundwater on a regular basis, and probleak as we’re made to believe. Well, according vide examples of successful management of to the British Geological Survey and University this resource. College of London at least. In a joint report they Being a water-focused edition of the magazine have stated that huge reserves of underground this month’s effort also contains a significant water in some of the driest parts of Africa could feature on water and wastewater and a panel provide a buffer against the effects of climate discussion, facilitated by Candice Landie, on change for years to come. the issue of “efficient water and wastewater The report continues to state that the largsupply in urban and rural areas.” est groundwater volumes are found in large Enjoy the read. sedimentar y
ADVERTISING SALES Jenny Miller Tel: +27 (0)11 467 6223 ___________________________________________________
PUBLISHER: MEDIA No. 4, 5th Avenue, Rivonia 2056 PO Box 92026, Norwood 2117 Tel: +27 (0)11 233 2600 Fax: +27 (0)11 234 7274/5 E-mail: richard@3smedia.co.za www.3smedia.co.za ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION: R480.00 (INCL VAT) ISSN 0257 1978 IMIESA, Inst.MUNIC. ENG. S. AFR. © Copyright 2012. All rights reserved. ___________________________________________________ IMESA CONTACTS IMESA Administration Officer: Ingrid Botton P O Box 2190, Westville, 3630 Tel: +27 (0)31 266 3263 Fax: +27 (0)31 266 5094 Email: imesa@webstorm.co.za Website: www.imesa.org.za BORDER BRANCH Secretary: Melanie Matroos Tel: +27 (0)43 705 2401 Fax: +27 (0)43 743 5266 E-mail: melaniem@buffalocity.gov.za EAST CAPE BRANCH Elsabé Koen Tel: +27 (0)41 505 8005 Fax: +27 (0)41 581 2300 E-mail: elsabek@africoast.com KWAZULU-NATAL BRANCH Secretary: Rita Zaayman Tel: +27(0)31 311 6382 NORTHERN PROVINCE BRANCH Secretary: Cornel Taljaard Tel: +27 (0)82 899 8341 Fax: +27 (0)11 675 1324 E-mail: cornel@rchc.co.za SOUTHERN CAPE KAROO BRANCH Secretary: Henrietta Oliver Tel: +27(0)79 390 7536 Fax: 086 536 3725 E-mail: imesa.southcape@gmail.com WESTERN CAPE BRANCH Secretary: Erica van Jaarsveld Tel: +27 (0)21 938 8455 Fax: +27 (0)21 938 8457 E-mail: erica.van_jaarsveld@capetown.gov.za FREE STATE AND NORTHERN CAPE BRANCH Secretary: Wilma Van Der Walt Tel: +27(0)83 457 4362 Fax: 086 628 0468 E-mail: imesa.fsnc@gmail.com REST OF SOUTHERN AFRICA Representative: Andre Muller E-mail: imesa@webstorm.co.za
All material herein IMIESA is copyright protected and may not be reproduced either in whole or in part without the prior written permission of the publisher. The views of contributors do not necessarily reflect those of the Institute of Municipal Engineering of Southern Africa or the publishers.
PICA the 2011 of the year in nee of Winner W nal writer No n-pp ofessio Non-pr
The official magazine of the Institute of Municipal Engineering of Southern Africa
Winner of the 2011 PICA Non-professional writer of the year
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Water
Ekurhuleni
Litter
Looming crisis
Urban infrastructure
Lurking danger
Dirk Meyer, managing director of Corobrik: “Municipal infrastructure
construction has always been an important market for Corobrik.”
Cover opportunity In each issue, IMIESA offers advertisers the opportunity to get to the front of the line by placing a company, product or service on the front cover of the journal. Buying this position will afford the advertiser the cover story on pages and maximum exposure. For more information on cover bookings contact Jenny Miller on tel: +27 (0)11 467 6223.
p18
ISSN 0257 1978 Volume 37 No.5 • May 2012 • R40.00 (incl VAT)
IMIESA MAY 2012
3
IMESA
IMESA/CESA Excellence Awards CALL FOR ENTRIES
The Institute of Municipal Engineering of Southern Africa (IMESA) and Consulting Engineers South Africa (CESA) have pleasure in inviting local, provincial and government/semi-government authorities and / or their engineering consultants to submit entries for the 2012 biennial Project Excellence Awards competition. Entry forms can be downloaded at: www.imesa.org.za/2012-excellence-awards/ Completed entries must be sent to Debbie Anderson at conference@imesa.co.za before 31 July 2012 Completed entry forms must be submitted together with the hard copy submission and CD by 31Â July 2012 to: IMESA House, 2 Derby Place, WESTVILLE, 3629 Tel: +27 (0)31Â 266 3263 for more information
PRESIDENT'S COMMENT
IMESA conference 2012 IMESA’s annual conference and exhibition heads to the Southern Cape this year
T
HE SOUTHERN CAPE/Karoo branch has the honour (and the anticipation of hard work) of organising the first conference in the fourth quarter-century of IMESA’s existence and we are confident that in that beautiful corner of our land, in the shadow of the Outeniqua Mountains, they will do the institute proud. The venue is intriguing – the Transnet Railway Museum with its extensive collection of transport from years gone by, something which is bound to appeal to a group of engineers. There is plenty of interest in George itself, but delegates may want to arrive early or to stay on afterwards with family or friends in order to enjoy the delights of the Garden Route: Hartenbos, George, Sedgefield, Wilderness, Knysna and more. If you haven’t visited them before, this is a great opportunity; if you have, you’ll need no encouragement to return. Crossing the passes into the Karoo is also an attractive option. The IMESA annual conferences are more than mere technical workshops. They are important events where policy is made, and the voice of our profession is heard loudest in terms of both practical engineering and influencing policy. The views and plans of national government are presented, and our institute and, in turn, members, can plan and formulate their actions in response. Keynote speakers are yet to be announced, but I have no doubt that their presentations will be topical and influential. The voice of our profession is best articulated in the number of delegates and the quality of presentations at our conferences. Also, among our members, the sharing of ideas, solutions and success stories is an important contributor to the improvement of municipal service delivery. I therefore urge every member to attend and to consider whether they have any knowledge, experience or technical solutions from which other delegates may benefit. The theme of this year’s conference, ‘Municipal Engineering in a Changing Environment', is broad and current, and the organisers are inviting papers under the headings of: • Political and legislation • Ecological/environmental • Financial • Transport and traffic • Water and sanitation • Roads and stormwater. Papers should be submitted by 31 May. Details are available
on the IMESA website and page 10 of this edition. As always, an organising committee can only do so much; after that it is up to the members to make the event a success by supporting it, either by contributing papers, or by simply attending and contributing to the various sessions. The social side is not to be underestimated. The personal pleasure of meeting old friends and colleagues is an important aspect of these gatherings, and I often wonder if more information and technical solutions aren’t shared over a glass of wine and a dinner than in the formal sessions!
I urge every member to attend and to consider whether they have any knowledge, experience or technical solutions from which other delegates may benefit Jannie Pietersen, president of IMESA Online registration is open on the IMESA website: www.imesa.org.za. See you there!
En
IMESA 2012
gin
eerin
g for Cha
nge
76th IMESA Conference SOUTHERN CAPE KAROO
24 to 26 October 2012 G EO RG E, W EST E R N C A PE
Engineering for Change IMIESA MAY 2012
5
COVER STORY
SBS WATER SYSTEMS PROVIDE
Water storage solutions SBS Water Systems has been a leader in water storage for 14 years and has serviced a large variety of industries within South Africa’s borders and beyond.
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STABLISHED IN 1998 and working out of KwaZulu-Natal, SBS Water Systems is a South African-owned, Level 2 BBBEE business specialising in bulk water storage. SBS has been the Southern African distributor of Galaxy® Reservoirs since 1999 and has successfully pioneered prefabricated reservoir technology in Southern Africa. With dedicated and efficient staff, the company is led by three original shareholders and operates from SBS’s company-owned Pinetown head offices and a regional office in Gauteng, ensuring the company is well-positioned to maximise its contribution to the water storage industry both locally and internationally. SBS runs on sound business principals with a high customer focus. With our people, our service and our unmatched dedication to finding a solution for our clients, we are big enough to deliver yet small enough to care. We manufacture reservoir components such as roof trusses, ladders, fittings and accessories, and we also
6
IMIESA MAY 2012
provide expert advice on lining and roofing of existing tanks. Using advanced, computer-aided design facilities – and in collaboration with leading structural engineers within South Africa – SBS is a leader in the design of reservoirs that ensure suitability for the harsh South African conditions and for export. Installations have been completed in Angola, Botswana, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, the Seychelles, Sierra Leone and Zambia, to mention just a few of our across-border installations.
Products Our reservoirs are engineered and manufactured using proven technology and the highest quality materials available, delivering a technically superior and competitively priced product. Not only are they aesthetically pleasing, but their design also complies with the highest international standards to withstand a range
of extreme conditions such as earthquakes, cyclones and deserts. In the interests of corrosion protection, the wall panels and roof sheets of our reservoirs are made from steel that is hot dipped coated with a molten alloy of 55% aluminium, 43.5% zinc and 1.5% silicon – commonly referred to by its trade name Zincalume®. With capacities ranging from 6 kℓ to 3 Mℓ, SBS tanks are versatile, with a range of standard and special fittings available to meet any engineering or industry requirement.
Market sectors and applications SBS Tanks have been used successfully in the following market sectors: • mining industry • fire protection • commercial • food and beverage industry • municipal and community water supply. Applications include: • water treatment plants • bulk water storage • potable water storage • community water supply schemes • fire-sprinkler and hydrant water storage • emergency water supply. Product advantages: • modular design • wide range of reservoir sizes and capacities: from 6 kℓ to 3 Mℓ • components manufactured to the highest international specifications • corrosion protection • dome roof
COVER STORY
for Africa • transportability allows access to remote locations • minimal construction equipment required • enhanced worker safety • local labour • simple commissioning • consistent component quality • ease of relocation and /or extension • cost effective • customer satisfaction assured • manufactured in accordance with an auditable quality control plan.
Going for gold SBS recently completed an exciting project on a mine in Ghana where a total of four tanks were installed. Three of these formed part of a water treatment plant for the mine, while the fourth required a more specialised solution. This tank was used in the actual gold process and SBS developed a highly resistant polyurethane coating for the tank to protect it from cyanide splash – proving our dedication to always finding a solution for all our clients’ projects. Rainwater harvesting SBS is committed to environmental and economic sustainability and make it a priority to ensure the environment works most efficiently for communities. Given the recent stats on the scarcity of water, it makes sense to harvest and store rainwater. SBS tanks allow this association to happen in the most aesthetically pleasing and functional way possible. This water becomes invaluable for drinking water, water for livestock as well as for irrigation. Our tanks are roofed and internally lined with a food-grade liner, which gives the client or community many more options or reusing the water. An outlet from our tank to a small pump allows the water to be pressurised so that it is immediately usable. Potable water Drinking water or potable water is water pure enough to be consumed or used with low risk of immediate or long-term harm. In most developed countries, the water supplied to households,
Our reservoirs are engineered and manufactured using proven technology and the highest quality materials available, delivering a technically superior product commerce and industry is all of drinking water standard, even though only a very small proportion is actually consumed or used in food preparation. Over large parts of the world, humans have inadequate access to potable water and use sources contaminated with disease vectors, pathogens or unacceptable levels of toxins or suspended solids. Drinking or using such water in food preparation leads to widespread acute and chronic illnesses and is a major cause of death and misery in many countries. Reduction of waterborne diseases is a major public health goal in developing countries. SBS manufactures a potable water bladder/ liner which is a high tenacity polyester yarn, coated on both sides with PVC. The product contains no harmful or toxic chemicals and is approved to hold water for human consumption. It is approved by the Australian Water Quality Center, Standard – AS/NZS 4020 – 2005 Testing of Products for use in contact with drinking water.
Municipalities and rural water Proof of SBS’ continuing impact in the area of municipal and rural water storage is the increasing number of South African municipalities making the transition from traditional concrete water storage to SBS reservoirs. One example of this is the uMungundlovu District Municipality which approached SBS for pricing on several tanks for its new water supply scheme at Embuthweni, KwaZulu-Natal. According to SiVest’s Simon Joubert: “Cost-wise they are affordable, coming in at 50% of the cost of a regular reinforced concrete reservoir
and their erection speed is very good.” SBS tanks are appropriate to use in inaccessible places in that they can be transported by hand, reducing the environmental impact of access road construction. Their products require a simple ring beam and sand infill that can be completed by relatively unskilled teams. Their reservoirs are easy to repair, can be moved to a different location later and the life of the bladder generally exceeds the design life of the water scheme.” Other municipalities/districts that have used our products include: iLembe, uMzinyathi, OR Tambo, Alfred Nzo, Chris Hani and Uthungulu.
Contact details:
Delayne Gray, managing director SBS Water Systems +27 (0)31 716 1820 or e-mail: delayne@sbsgroup.co.za www.sbsgroup.co.za Sharecall: +27 (0)86 048 2657
IMIESA offers advertisers an ideal platform to ensure maximum exposure of their brand. Companies are afforded the opportunity of publishing a two-page cover story and a cover picture to promote their products to an appropriate audience. Please call Jenny Miller on +27(0)11 467 6223 to secure your booking.
IMIESA MAY 2012
7
IMESA AFFILIATE MEMBERS
IMESA
ABS Afri-Infra AJ Broom Road Products Arup SA Aurecon Bigen Group Africa BKS Consulting Engineers BMK Consulting Bosch Stemele Bosch Munitech BVI Consulting Engineers CBI Consulting Engineers Civilconsult Consulting Engineers Civil & Blasting Solutions Concrete Manufacturers CSIR Built Environment Davies Lynn & Partners Development Bank of SA DPI Plastics EFG Engineers Elster Kent Metering EnviroServ Waste Management Geotechnologies GLS Consulting Goba Hidrostal SA Huber Technology Hydro-comp Enterprises I@Consulting Iliso Consulting Infraset Jeffares and Green Johannesburg Water Kgatelopele Consulting Knowledge Base
hennie.basson@absgroup.com afri-infra@mweb.co.za ajbroom@icon.co.za rob.lamb@arup.com Ian.VanWijk@af.aurecongroup.com otto.scharfetter@bigenafrica.com siyandan@bks.co.za brian@bmkconsulting.co.za bsdbn@boschstemele.co.za info@boschmunitech.co.za marketing@bviho.co.za durban@cbisa.co.za mail@civilconsult.co.za jane@drillingandblasting.co.za cma@mweb.co.za LAustin@csir.co.za dlpdbn@dlp.co.za divb@dbsa.org.za mgoodchild@dpiplastics.co.za eric@efgeng.co.za keith.bailey@za.elster.com benoitl@millenniumwaste.co.za garry@geotechnologies.co.za nicky@gls.co.za trumang@goba.co.za hstal@mweb.co.za fstammer@lantic.net dan@edams.co.za louis_icon@mics.co.za monde@iliso.com fmyburgh@infraset.com dennyc@jgi.co.za rtaljaard@jwater.co.za kgatelopele@wol.co.za info@knowbase.co.za
KV3 Engineers Lektratek Water Makhaotse Narasimulu & Associates Maragela Consulting Engineers Much Asphalt Nyeleti Consulting Odour Engineering Systems
cbrandsen@kv3.co.za general@lwt.co.za mmakhaotse@mna-sa.co.za admin@maragelaconsulting.co.za john.onraet@murrob.com ppienaar@nyeleti.co.za mathewc@oes.co.za
PD Naidoo & Associates Consulting Engineers
Johannesburg@pdna.co.za
Power Construction
nbarnard@powergrp.co.za
Pumptron Pragma Africa Rocla SBS Water Systems
info@pumptron.co.za deang@pragma.co.za karen.devos@murrob.co.za irene@sbsgroup.co.za
Sektor Consulting
cradock@sektor.co.za
Sight Lines Pipe Survery Services
sales@sightlines.co.za
SiVEST SA SNA Inc Siza Water Company SRK Consulting SSI
garths@sivest.co.za snapta@icon.co.za tionette.bates@sizawater.co.za jomar@srk.co.za francisg@ssi.co.za
Syntell
julia@syntell.co.za
Thm Engineers East London
thmel@mweb.co.za
TPA Consulting
roger@tpa.co.za
UWP Consulting
zulchl@uwp.co.za
Vela VKE WSP Group Africa WSSA WRP Zebra Surfacing
capetown@velavke.co.za dirk.hattingh@mbs-wsp.co.za nbinase@wssa.co.za ronniem@wrp.co.za andrew@zebrasurfacing.co.za
INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE
The uncertain future of water
Edna Molewa, the minister of Water and Environmental Affairs, recently raised eyebrows when she stated that about R572 billion will be needed in the water value chain over the next decade. By Richard Jansen van Vuuren
M
OLEWA HAS SINCE then explained that this amount of money is required to pay for water resources infrastructure, water services and water conservation, demand management across national, district and municipal levels, as well as South Africa’s 12 water boards. The amount can be broken down as follows: • R162 billion for water resources infrastructure • R394 billion for water services • R16 billion for conservation demand management. Despite presenting this news, Molewa is adamant that South Africa is not faced with a water crisis… yet. It is no secret that infrastructure asset management in South Africa is dire and the R96 billion steered towards repairing existing water infrastructure is testament to this. How on earth could this be allowed to happen in the first place? “There have been terrible
weaknesses, especially at a municipal level, with regards to maintenance,” explains Molewa. A shortage of essential skills, funding and in some cases pure neglect have taken their toll. It is expected that a significant portion of the R572 billion will be raised through the increasing of water tariffs in coming years. The government has identified water as a critical source and several water projects will be elevated for funding through the Presidential Infrastructure Coordinating Committee. By the end of the year, consumers will have a fair idea of exactly where they stand with regards to standardised tariffs across the different sectors that may be affected. The government will also be looking to the private sector for funding. Government also hopes to attract R25 billion from foreign investors for maintenance of ageing water infrastructure. Molewa also reports that government is investigating partial privatisation of some water treatment plants.
ABOVE Projections indicate that South Africa will experience a 17% gap between water supply and demand by 2030
Projections indicate that South Africa will experience a 17% gap between water supply and demand by 2030 – a shortfall of 2.7 billion cubic metres, according to the Carbon Disclosure Project. Worse still is that some of South Africa’s most economically important catchment areas will be badly affected. It has been estimated the Upper Vaal and Olifants catchment areas face supply shortfalls of 31% and 39% respectively, while the Berg water management area will see a supply shortfall of 28%. The South African government has, over the past 17 years, focused on widening access to services to correct apartheid-era inequalities, but the result is an annual water infrastructure maintenance spending backlog of R2.66 billion. With this mind, Molewa is
IMIESA MAY 2012
9
24 - 26 October 2012 GEORGE 031 2663263
www.imesa.org.za conference@imesa.org.za
The Southern Cape/Karoo Branch hereby issues
THE CALL FOR PAPERS 2012 Municipal Engineering in a Changing Environment •
Political and Legislation
•
Ecological / Environmental
•
Financial
•
Transport and Traffic
•
Water and Sanitation
•
Roads and Storm Water
Submissions by 31 May 2012 to Harold Basson Harold@george.org.za
INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE
investigating “the possibility of some of the treatment plants being developed, owned and managed” by the private sector or possible public-private partnerships. Of great concern to government in the longterm vision of water supply and reticulation is the fact that at the time of writing, South Africa’s water boards are owed billions of rand by local municipalities. Molewa has noted that the total municipal debt to the 12 water boards has crept to R2.1 billion. This total is set against annual sales by the water boards totalling approximately R8 billion. Molewa has reported that in some instances interest on the debt to the water boards has had to be written off; however, the principal debt remains. She would not be drawn into disclosing the exact figures of how much debt had been written off against which municipalities. However, if we look at the Sedibeng, Lepelle Northern Water and Bushbuckridge water boards, which all serve rural and urban municipalities, their debt can be broken down as: • Sedibeng – R470 million • Lepelle Northern Water – R302 million • Bushbuckridge – R248 million When combined, the total debt owed to these water boards is just over R1 billion. The Department of Water Affairs has had to intervene in several cases where municipalities have failed to pay their water bills.
Such interventions have also taken place in Limpopo, where the Mopani, Capricorn and Sekhukhune municipalities have been taken to task for non-payment. The department is ‘closely monitoring’ these municipalities’ repayment schedules. To make up the shortfall between what they pay for bulk water and the income made by
become South Africa’s first major city to purify and recycle sewage in quality drinking water by 2015. This follows a study conducted in 2008 that found that water supply needs in the municipality and surrounding areas exceeds the reliable yield of the local water resources. The recycling and purifying plan involves producing about 12% of the city’s tap water supply from
DROPPING A BOMBSHELL: The minister of Water and Environmental Affairs, Edna Molewa, has stated that R570 billion is to be spent in the water value chain over the next 10 years retailing water to residents, many municipalities employ a system of ‘stepped billing’ to recover the cost of ‘free’ water from those with higher levels of consumption. The idea behind this is that the water used to wash a car should be more expensive than water used for hygiene and other basic needs. The good news is that South Africans seem open to new methods of water purification. This is evident in the relaxed manner in which residents of Durban have accepted the fact that it may be drinking water that has been recycled from sewage water. In addition, several towns in the Eastern and Western Cape already source water from desalination plants. eThekwini is likely to implement its plan to
recycled sewage effluent – mainly in the northern suburbs and townships. The water would be disinfected and purified at the KwaMashu and Northern sewerage works, which would be upgraded to incorporate new ultra-filtration and disinfection methods. The capital and operating cost of the project are expected to be in the region of R7.83/m3 of water.
BELOW Consider the new options: A schematic of the Sedgefield Desalination plant showing seawater intake (purple), brine outfall (red) and distribution (blue) networks
IMIESA MAY 2012
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GOVERNMENT PERSPECTIVE
Safety lessons from the mining industry Workers in the mining and construction industries deserve the right to life and should work in conditions where it’s possible to work and return to their families as other people do. By Susan Shabangu, minister of mineral resources of South Africa
I
N SO DOING WE WILL BE honouring the legacy of more than 75 000 people who have lost their lives in mine accidents in more than a century of mining in this country. Against this background I acknowledge the critical role of trade unions, business and the media in raising awareness of health and safety issues as the years have gone by. The health and safety of workers in the mining industry remain an issue of grave importance to the Department of Mineral Resources. As government, we have to use the Mine Health and Safety Act and related legislation to take appropriate action to ensure that workers have a safe and dignified work environment; that their right to sanctity of life is protected. You will recall that in the period before 1994, the mining industry used to report no less than 500 fatalities per annum due to occupational related injuries, however there has been a downward trend since 1994. One death is one too many. For example there were 123 fatalities in 2011 compared to 127 the previous year. This translates to a marginal improvement of about 3% year on year. However, when we compare the fatality frequency rates per million hours worked between 2010 and 2011, there has been an 8% improvement from 0.12 to 0.11. The breakdown of these fatalities per commodity of the 2011 figure is as follows: gold (51), platinum (37), coal (12) and other mines (23). In the category of other mines these include diamonds, chrome, copper and iron ore. However, the latest figures for the period 1 January to 12 March 2012 show that fatalities have improved by 19% - from 27 in 2011 to 22 in 2012. The number of mine injuries
has reduced by 40% from 667 in 2011 to 403 in 2012. We continue as a country to have unacceptably high fatalities in the mining industry.
disaster is a single event that results in the deaths of four or more employees. The number of mine injuries has reduced by 15% from 3 436 in 2010 to 2 918 in 2011.
For the first time in five years, there was no mine disaster accident in 2011 Statistics suggest that major gold and platinum mines are the main contributors of accidents and the subsequent loss of life. This is regrettable, considering the profit margins that these mines are enjoying, which they should be using to improve their safety performance. In fact, these mines should be in the front ranks of those forces with the appropriate systems and expertise to enhance health and safety. For the first time in five years, there was no mine disaster accident in 2011. A mine
Although there has been some improvement on the number of fatalities and injuries, the Department of Mineral Resources is still concerned about the continued loss of lives at our mines and mainly as a result of repeat accidents.
BELOW Health and safety legislation in the construction industry is catching up to the stringent measures in place within the mining sector
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INSIGHT
Lurking danger Litter, which clutters most South African city streets, besides being unsightly, poses a real and unseen danger to public health, threatening even life. by Tony Stone
T
HIS IS BY NO MEANS AN EXAGGERATION. The problem needs to be understood and addressed with urgency. However, the solution is not a simple one. The quick fix of street sweeping, which in many South African towns and cities, particularly in Gauteng, seems to be ignored, will not suffice. The problem requires a deep seated solution of which leadership, knowledge and custom are three essential components. In the South African context it is customary to just throw away litter in the streets because it ‘creates jobs for people’. Typically, fast food containers, tissues, cigarette butts, plastic bags and bits of paper are thrown to the ground without a second thought. Street vendors selling fresh fruit and vegetables discard any overripe or rotting products in the gutters. Some pedestrians, fortunately very few, but typically those from rural areas, blow their noses by pressing a finger against one nostril and blowing nasal mucus out of the other nostril – onto the pavement or into the road. Other pedestrians spit nasal mucus, chewing gum and anything else onto the ground as they walk. Others urinate when and wherever the need arises, against a street pole, highway support column, building or convenient truck wheel – openly, in front of women.
So, what has civil engineering got to do with this dreadful situation? Two things – water purification and stormwater management! But, first let us understand the extent and significance of these poor customs and practices in order to understand the importance of these civil engineering disciplines.
Disease and bacteria Besides clogging up stormwater drains and causing flooding, litter is not only unsightly, it pollutes rivers, oceans and groundwater – and is a breeding ground for bacteria, disease and rat infestations, which bring with it the dangers of plague. The four main requirements for bacterial growth are food, moisture, warmth and time, of which this country has all the ingredients. South Africa has a generalised epidemic of HIV, driven largely by sexual transmission. In 2009 an estimated 17.9% of the adult population was living with HIV. This is estimated to be 5.63 million people—including 3.3 million women and 334 000 children. HIV prevalence in pregnant women has stabilised, albeit at a very high level of around 30%. Furthermore, South Africa has the third highest level of TB in the world, after India and China. New infections increased by 400% over the past 15 years, reaching 970 new infections
TABLE 1: Population statistics by province 2012 PROVINCE
LAND POPULATION1 URBANISATION POPULATION AREA (%) (%) LEVEL (%) DENSITY (km2)
KwaZulu-Natal
7.7
21.4
45
112.8
0.5
Mpumalanga
6.3
7.2
39
47.3
1.37
Free State
10.6
5.6
75
21.8
0.64
Gauteng
1.4
22.4
96
615.7
2.44
North West
8.7
6.4
41
30.5
0.48
Eastern Cape
13.9
13.6
38
39.9
0.36
Limpopo
10.3
10.8
10
43.3
0.3
Northern Cape
30.5
2.2
80
3.0
0.87
Western Cape National
10.6
10.4
90
40.4
2.16
100.0
100.0
56.0
40.9
0.7
(1) SA’s estimated population taken at 50 million, (2) 2011
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PER CAPITA WASTE (m3)
IMIESA MAY 2012
per 100 000 people in 2009. The HIV epidemic is driving the TB epidemic with more than 70% of patients infected with both diseases. Dr David Mametja, chief director for TB Control and Management in the department of health since March 2008, describes TB in South Africa as a ‘major, major problem’. “Our incidence rate, which is the number of people who contract TB on an annual basis (the new cases), was actually 1% of the South African population. One percent of the South African population is almost 500 000 people contracting TB every year. It’s a massive number of people,” Mametja says. What is BLUE DROP2 more is that South Africa does not SCORE (%) have adequate facilities to screen, 80.5 test and treat all the TB cases. This 56.5 means that many people with infec64.1 tious TB are walking the streets of 95.1 towns, villages and other neighbour62.3 hoods not knowing they are sick. 77.3 64.0 So, doing a little maths, based on 62.1 one person in a thousand people 94.1 spitting onto the ground once a 72.9 day – not that HIV/Aids can spread through saliva, but TB can, – we have
INSIGHT
approximately 1 400 people spitting contagious germs onto the ground every day, in Gauteng alone. Across South Africa the number is 6 300. Then of course there is our common flu! And, not to forget the animals and birds that feed off our discarded waste and which urinate and defecate wherever. South Africa has a subtropical climate with an average annual temperature in Cape Town of 17°C, and in Pretoria of 17.5°C, even though these cities are separated by almost 10 degrees of latitude. Maximum temperatures often exceed 32°C in summer and reach 38°C in some areas in the far north. The country’s highest recorded temperatures, close to 48°C, have occurred in both the Northern Cape and Mpumalanga. Our body temperatures average a normal 36°C. Bacteria multiply rapidly in the range 4°C to 60°C. Listed below are the nine most prominent bacteria that cause severe illness or death: • Campylobacter jejuni is found in the intestinal tracts of animals and birds, raw milk, untreated water and sewage sludge. It is transmitted through contaminated water, raw milk, and raw or under-cooked meat, poultry, or shellfish.
• Clostridium botulinum is widely distributed in nature, in soil and water, on plants and in intestinal tracts of animals and fish. It grows in little or no oxygen. The bacteria produce a toxin that causes illness and death. It is transmitted through improperly canned foods, garlic in oil, and vacuum-packaged and tightly wrapped food. • Clostridium perfringens is found in soil, dust, sewage and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. It grows in little or no oxygen. It is commonly called “the cafeteria germ” because many outbreaks result from food left for long periods in steam tables or at room temperature. • Escherichia coli O157:H7 is found in the intestinal tracts of some mammals, raw milk and unchlorinated water. It is one of several strains of E. coli that can cause human illness. It is transmitted through contaminated water, raw milk, raw or rare ground beef, unpasteurised apple juice or cider, uncooked fruits and vegetables, and from person-toperson contact. • Listeria monocytogenes is found in the intestinal tracts of humans and animals, milk,
MAIN Blocked stormwater drains FROM TOP A stormwater drain in Andersen Street, Johannesburg, stuffed with litter; a blocked stormwater drain in Marshall Street, Jeppe, Johannesburg; flooded stormwater drains are a danger to traffic
soil, leaf vegetables and processed foods. It can grow slowly at refrigerator temperatures. It is transmitted through soft cheese, raw milk, improperly processed ice cream, raw leafy vegetables, meat and poultry. • Salmonella (over 1 600 types) is found in the intestinal tract and faeces of animals. Salmonella enteritidis is also found in raw eggs. It is transmitted in raw or undercooked eggs, poultry, meat, raw milk and dairy products, as well as seafood. • Streptococcus A is found in the noses, throats, pus, sputum, blood and stools of humans. It is transmitted by people-to-food from poor hygiene, improper food handling, outbreaks from raw milk, ice cream, eggs, lobster, salads, custard and pudding that is allowed to stand at room temperature for several hours between preparation and eating.
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15
INSIGHT
LEFT Overflowing sewerage pipe into stormwater drain MIDDLE Rubbish dump on a parapet at 257 Main Street, Johannesburg RIGHT A stormwater drain, one of many similar stormwater drains, on Johannesburg’s M2 west
• Shigella (over 30 types), is found in the human intestinal tract. It is rarely found in other animals. It is transmitted from person-to-person by the faecal-oral route and faecal contamination of food and water. Most outbreaks result from food, especially salads, prepared and handled using poor personal hygiene. • Staphylococcus aureus is found in and on human skin, infected cuts, pimples and in noses and throats. It is transmitted through improper people-to-food handling. It multiplies rapidly at room temperature to produce a toxin that causes illness. Following the natural law of cause and effect, the mix of diseased saliva, urine, faecal matter and discarded street litter, bacteria no doubt find themselves in paradise. All of this ends up
in stormwater drains, rivers and dams. At least the water we drink in the formal urban setting is purified – sort of, given the Blue Drop statistics (see Table 1). But, in the informal urban and rural setting, this is not always the case. Last but not least, as far as disease and bacteria goes, over the last decade we have seen the advent of the ‘super bug’, drug resistant bacteria that are found in hospitals, in our supermarkets and our on streets. If we don’t clean up our act we will find ourselves in trouble. As John Bland of the International Red Cross, said: “A catastrophic convergence of many factors – all too many of them stemming from man’s inhumanity to man – has spawned a crop of malign new diseases and fostered the reappearance of older ones in regions thought to have seen the last of them. What can and is being done?”
How big is the problem? An analysis of refuse generated by the national populace shows that rural areas generate less refuse than their urban counterparts. Nonetheless, with urbanisation increasing at an
accelerated rate and South Africa’s population ever-increasing, more waste will be generated than before. In analysing Table 2 below, we can see that more than a million cubic meters of refuse with no formal or informal means of disposal is simply discarded by the public. According to Neil Armitage and Albert Rooseboom, from the Universities of Cape Town and Stellenbosch’s departments of civil engineering respectively, in their trilogy dealing with the issue of litter, large quantities of urban litter finds its way into the environment, particularly streams, rivers, dams and lakes, estuaries and the oceans with an annual cost of delittering the waterways, assuming current practices, conservatively estimated to be in the order of R4.5 billion at current prices, if not more. Litter is categorised as follows: • Plastics: shopping bags, wrapping, containers, bottles, crates, straws, polystyrene blocks, straps, ropes, nets, music cassettes, syringes and eating utensils. • Paper: wrappers, newspapers, advertising flyers, ATM dockets, bus tickets, food and drink containers, and cardboard.
TABLE 2: Refuse removal by province (m3)* EASTERN CAPE Removed by local authority at least once a week
450 645
Removed by local authority less often
22 654
25 688
Communal refuse dump
23 020
Own refuse dump No rubbish disposal Unspecified/Other Total
IMIESA MAY 2012
109 689 247 305
WESTERN CAPE
SOUTH AFRICA
227 415
126 031
73 249
20 148
11 381
4 012
8 043
10 922
24 380
200 477
26 745
64 448
47 852
19 847
9 669
29 353
28 991
37 274
287 199
525 339
153 419
142 313
672 398
282 228
36 254
288 730
35 121
49 866
186 567
53 415
8 096
169 393
51 100
20 438
862 726
21 960
6 661
36 193
37 574
9 724
2 923
18 983
10 948
17 503
162 469
625 011 1 964 168 1 660 934
604 010
186 984
1 332 348
377 378 1 598 100
NORTH WEST
696 395
* Excluding institutions and hostels
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NORTHERN FREE STATE GAUTENG KWAZULUMPUMALANGA NORTHERN NATAL CAPE PROVINCE
646 995 371 378
982 457 720 643
808 157 4 641 115
75 263 2 905 586
983 015 9 059 571
INSIGHT
• Metals: foil, cans, bottle tops and number plates. • Glass: bottles and broken pieces of glass. • Vegetation: branches, leaves, rotten fruit and vegetables. • Animals: dead dogs and cats, sundry skeletons. • Construction material: shutters, planks, timber props, broken bricks, and lumps of concrete. • Miscellaneous: old clothing, shoes, rags, sponges, balls, pens and pencils, balloons, oil filters, cigarette butts and tyres. Given that it takes an apple core between one and six weeks to decompose, paper two to four weeks, a cigarette filter around 13 years, an aluminium can between 200 and 500 years, a plastic bottle about 500 years and a car tyre an infinite amount of time as it has no known disintegration period, we have a serious biological problem. But, a more immediate problem is South Africa’s high unemployment rate. As a tourist destination and with tourism a means of creating employment, litter has a serious and negative economic impact – because it is both an environmental and social issue. Some of the negatives effects of litter are: • it is unsightly and reduces the aesthetic appeal of public places, including streets, parks and waterways • it costs the community huge sums of money and time to clean up every year, if it gets cleaned up • it causes blockages of the drainage system and flooding, which costs municipalities millions of rand to repair • when it gets into waterways – rivers, dams and the sea – it can kill aquatic life directly (e.g. through choking) and indirectly through its impacts on water quality • it decreases oxygen levels when it decays in water • it kills rivers • it can be dangerous to people, particularly when it involves items such as broken glass, rust, needles and syringes • it can be a fire hazard if polluted with oil, fuel or other hazardous chemicals • it harms birds • it breeds rats, with concomitant diseases • it encourages illness, and death in some instances, contagion in
people simply do not understand or care what impact their littering has on the environment in which they live.
FROM TOP A dead rat in Main Street downtown Jeppe, Johannesburg; The once pretty Bruma Lake in Johannesburg is a cesspool from all the litter and polution BELOW A common site in Berea, Yeoville and Bellvue in Johannesburg
others • it encourages crime as areas not taken care of are seen to be unprotected and therefore easier crime targets.
Why do people litter? First and foremost, it’s a lack of self-respect, respect for others and the environment. Thinking that it’s someone else’s job or that they are creating work is simply a poor excuse for laziness. It’s easier to throw rubbish on the ground than to find a rubbish bin. And, sadly, due to poor levels of education in this country,
A failure of leadership In business, the most precarious position in a company is that of the CEO, because the success or failure of the business is in his or her hands. If the business performs badly or fails, there is no one else to blame. In these circumstances, the board of directors will remove that person from office, sooner rather than later and not wait until the end of the financial year to do so. This is a consequence of leadership. The same principle applies to public office, or should apply, especially when people’s health and even lives are at risk. The problem with South Africa’s democratic form of government is that officials, appointed by the party, are responsible to the party and not to the people. Nonetheless, it is time that people speak out. If you walk along any street in downtown Johannesburg or Pretoria and look around, you will see four things: buildings, cars, people and litter – and lots of it. By comparison, travel to Port Elizabeth and Cape Town and you will see how pleasant it is to have a clean city. If some leaders can do it, others can do it too. Those municipal managers who don’t are failures as leaders. If they cannot keep their own house in order, how will they keep anything in order? A final thought As stated in Water SA vol.35 no.2 by SCP De Carvalho, KJ Carden and NP Armitage, poor service provision in developing countries, particularly the provision of water-related services, present serious challenges to urban development. It is estimated that 300 million people in Africa do not have access to safe drinking water and 313 million have limited access to adequate sanitation. The critical situation in the water sector continues to undermine strategies for poverty eradication and retards development. It is possible that the failure in service provision can in part be attributed to an inability by policy makers to address urban water management in a holistic manner. Litter is a major contributing factor to this situation, but most of all, it is a failure of leadership.
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17
HOT SEAT
HOUSING AND INFRASTRUCTURE
Corobrik products ideally suited to municipal projects Corobrik’s range of bricks and pavers has always been a popular choice for its relevant applications in the municipal environment. Richard Jansen van Vuuren speaks to Dirk Meyer, Corobrik’s managing director, about these products as well as a new brick developed for government housing projects. Which Corobrik pavers are suited for infrastructure projects such as the recent Umhlanga Promenade and other urban regeneration projects? All clay pavers in the Corobrik range are well suited for infrastructure projects and have been widely used for such projects throughout South Africa. Typically any one colour paver in our range is manufactured in two formats: the thicker pavers with their greater flexural strength being more suited to the heavier commercial vehicular trafficked surfaces, and their thinner counterparts that are used for light vehicle and pedestrian areas. This affords continuity in the context of the overall landscape design with the combination of different colours and textures being used to emphasise different areas and transition points. What makes Corobrik a popular choice in these applications? Maybe this is a question better answered by those who specify our pavers. Feedback we have received from specifiers, however, includes the enduring and timeless qualities of fired clay, the rich colour fast natural hues and textures that successfully lift and bring life to urban landscapes and the quality consistency of our pavers to defined standards. Corobrik’s ability to plan and meet delivery commitments on the bigger projects subjected to tight completion schedules has also been a factor. Then there are the more generic functional benefits clay pavers provide – skid resistance being a good example. What landmark projects have seen Corobrik pavers used? We have been most fortunate to be part of virtually all the urban renewal programmes
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IMIESA MAY 2012
and have enjoyed specification in the major new development nodes as well. Some of the more high-profile projects where our pavers have been used include the V&A Waterfront in Cape Town, Green Point Stadium, pavement surrounds and pedestrian areas linking into the city centre, Hillbrow in Johannesburg, the roads and pavements of George in the
The CoroJem was developed and the colours extended to offer a maintenance-free alternative to the concrete block at a very competitive built cost and lower life cycle cost. Dirk Meyer, managing director of Corobrik Southern Cape, Thesen Island, the Nelson Mandela Bay stadium, Govan Mbeki Avenue as well as the Port Elizabeth city centre and beach front promenade. In Durban the paving around the Moses Mabida stadium, along the entire beach front promenade from Blue Lagoon to the Point, the sea front promenade along Umhlanga Rocks and Florida Road are some that come to mind. This excludes the many new urban developments such as Melrose Arch and Century City, and one cannot overlook the compelling landscape of the One and Only Hotel and Resort complex.
Which Corobrik bricks are suited for housing projects in the middle to lower end of the housing market? Within our comprehensive range we have face bricks of different prices, the more economically priced of which find the greatest application in the middle to lower price ends of the residential market. During the past two years
we set ourselves the objective to grow our market share and have introduced a variety of new face bricks that include new colours in the standard brick format – these are now very popular in the mid priced and affordable segments. Then we have the maxi 90 range which competes aggressively in the affordable segment down into the government subsidy/ RDP arena and lastly the CoroJem, a through the wall face brick that competes head on with concrete block in the government subsidy/ RDP segments.
Why was the CoroJem brick developed? With our traditional markets in the residential sector feeling the pinch of these tough economic times and the government’s move from the provision of houses to the creation of human settlements, scope opened up for Corobrik to take a fresh look at the opportunity of the low-cost segment that had long been
HOT SEAT
ABOVE The Durban beach front promenade's wave pattern theme incorporating burgundy pavers stretches through to the iconic Moses Mabhida Stadium LEFT One of thousands of CoroJem brick houses built in the Free State
the preserve of the concrete block industry. The CoroJem was developed and the colours extended to offer a maintenance-free alternative to the concrete block at a very competitive built cost and lower life cycle cost. Aspirations of the poor are to live in quality face brick houses and the CoroJem has made that possible.
What presence did Corobrik have in the middle to lower end of the housing market prior to the development and sale of the CoroJem brick? Corobrik has always had a presence in all the residential segments, the competitive realities setting the ceiling on sales volumes in the different segments. The middle-income segment has long been significant in Corobrik’s life, the affordable segment now steadily gaining in prominence with the Department of Human Settlement’s new approach, opening a door of opportunity for us to enter the RDP segment with the CoroJem, and we have not been disappointed.
Will Corobrik be looking to increase its market share in the lower end of the housing market in the near future? Prospects are expected to remain thin in our more traditional markets through 2012, hence the importance that we are placing on the lower price end of the housing market. We are just thankful to the wonderful response our bricks have had from the authorities and to be able to contribute to the objectives of the Human Settlements programme. Are there any other areas of municipal infrastructure that Corobrik supplies products to? Municipal infrastructure has always been an important market for Corobrik with our products being used not only in projects as described above, but in community centres, sports facilities and more. Would you like to discuss new products and technologies Corobrik will be introducing to the market in the short to medium term? We have some new products in development. A notable development at our inland operations
is that we have designed our equipment to make clay cobbles and are also in the final stages of perfecting a dark chocolate-black Piazza paver to compliment our Piazza paver in the burgundy red colour. On the brick side, we want to optimise the opportunity the CoroJem offers in the lower cost segments and are investigating the merits of producing the CoroJem with an alternate height option.
What measures does Corobrik take to reduce its carbon footprint from manufacture to supply delivery? With the current focus on building sustainability into built and natural environments, there has been emphasis on reducing the embodied energy of different building materials. Corobrik is in good space in this department, largely because of our cumulative action that started some five years ago, to ensure that our products have lowest carbon footprints in line with best international practice for the technologies and firing fuels we employ. Moving to cleaner burning fuels is a key aspect of this, as has been our dematerialisation programme that has allowed us to bring to the market products that offer ‘more performance from less’ and enhanced transport efficiencies.
For more information, contact Corobrik on Tel: +27 (0)31 560 3111 or Web: www.corobrik.co.za
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19
GROUNDWATER
Groundwater management framework for municipalities Groundwater has not been perceived as an important water resource and therefore has been given limited attention in South Africa. This is reflected in statistics showing that only 13% of the nation’s total water supply originates from groundwater. By Dr Kornelius Riemann, principal hydrogeologist at Umvoto Africa
I
N CONTRAST MOST TOWNS in arid areas depend on groundwater either as a sole supply or essential to drought management. The perception that groundwater is not a sustainable resource for bulk domestic supply and cannot be managed properly lingers. Despite this, a growing number of municipalities utilise groundwater on a regular basis, and provide examples of successful management of this resource. The different guidelines for groundwater management developed for South Africa are valuable sources of information in terms of what needs to be done to protect and manage aquifers. However, a detailed and overarching groundwater management framework was still lacking. Hence, the Water Research Commission (WRC) initiated a project to develop a Groundwater Management Framework (GMF) that incorporates all aspects of groundwater management at municipal level. The GMF aims to improve on the management of groundwater resources by equipping the responsible authorities with the required tools and capacity. This goes beyond data collection and monitoring, and requires human and capital resources. The different aspects of groundwater management relate to two main categories: • Aquifer protection, that is, Source Directed Controls (SDC) • Aquifer utilisation, that is, Resource Directed Measures (RDM). In addition, the overarching aspects of monitoring and economics are addressed and linked to the aspects of the above categories. The framework includes a detailed description of the different functions and the relevant responsibilities, the required skills, the optimal position within the municipal structure and required communication lines. Hence, the
assigned responsibilities and available tools to achieve sustainable groundwater management reflect the local level of water institutions, that is, WSA (Water Services Authority), WSP (Water Services Providers) and WUA (Water Users Association). However, the principles of the framework can be applied at all levels and scales.
Context of the Groundwater Management Framework The GMF is the result of a WRC-funded project on Groundwater Management Functions. It forms part of the Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) framework and must be seen in the context of other relevant guidelines and activities, such as: • catchment management • water conservation and demand management • waste management • waste water management • water resource management
• water resource planning • water service delivery.
Legal framework The National Water Act (NWA), Act 36 of 1998, provides the legal framework for water resource management. It prescribes the use of the IWRM approach to ensure that all aspects of water resource management are considered. The NWA deals with the water resource, that is, rivers, streams, dams and groundwater. It contains rules about the way the water resource (surface- and groundwater) is protected, used, developed, conserved, managed and controlled in an integrated manner. This Act states that water is an indivisible national resource for which national government is the custodian. It further outlines the principles of using and managing this resource. With the promulgation of the NWA in 1998, groundwater lost its previous status of private water and became public water. This has
FIGURE 1: Water Resource Management functions between CMA and municipality (WIN-SA, 2009)
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21
GROUNDWATER
enormous implications for all users and most important benefits for municipalities as public users. It is now possible for municipalities to exploit groundwater resources even where they can only or best be accessed on private land. The NWA provides for the establishment of Catchment Management Agencies (CMAs) to manage and regulate all water resources in Water Management Areas (WMAs) as set out in the National Water Resource Strategy. Municipalities also have key responsibilities that impact upon Water Resource Management (WRM), as shown in Figure 1. The Water Services Act, Act 108 of 1997, deals mainly with water services or potable (drinkable) water and sanitation services supplied by municipalities to households and other municipal water users. It contains rules about how municipalities should provide water supply and sanitation services. The Act defines the municipal functions of ensuring water services provision and sets out guidelines for WSA as well as WSP. Paragraph 4 of the Water Services
the principles of groundwater management in the context of IWRM. The main authorities involved in groundwater management include: • Department of Water Affairs – the DWA is responsible for national legislation and planning; the development of national groundwater resource policy, regulation and monitoring, and provision of support to other water resource institutions. • Catchment Management Agencies – CMAs are responsible for water resource management within their water management area. • Water User Associations – WUAs are responsible for function at a local level, representing individual water users and providing vehicles for public participation. The guideline for the assessment, planning and management of groundwater resources in South Africa (DWAF, 2008) intends to assist in the sustainable development, protection and management of the groundwater resources, and achieving the overall goal of IWRM within the department. Management of groundwater
INNOVATIVE SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
Management of water resources is enabled through water allocation and water use authorisation Act sets out the conditions under which a WSP can operate, while paragraph 11 describes the duties of the WSA. The roles and responsibilities of the WSA and WSP in terms of water resource management are not explicitly stated but can be inferred from their different roles in the provision of water services.
DWA guidelines – IWRM A number of guidelines for groundwater management have been developed internationally and for the South African context. The most relevant for the purpose of this study are the NORAD toolkit (DWAF, 2004), the WRC “guidelines for the monitoring and management of ground water resources in rural water supply schemes” (Meyer, 2002) and the DWA “guideline for the assessment, planning and management of groundwater resources in South Africa” (DWAF, 2008). Other documents include water quality management protocols, minimum standards, the framework for a national groundwater strategy (DWAF, 2007), the national water resources strategy (DWAF 2004), the “guidelines for catchment management strategies towards equity, sustainability and efficiency” (DWAF, 2007) and regional groundwater plans, as well as selected national and international articles and publications on groundwater management aspects. The DANIDA guideline (DWAF, 2004) outlines
resources relates to the sustainable use and development of these resources. It focuses on the sustainable development of the groundwater resources without compromising resource integrity (quantity and quality). Management thus involves monitoring quantity and quality over a long-term period and the use of information to determine compliance with set goals and to assess whether the strategic goals of the department are being met. The guideline describes the management principles at national, CMA and site-specific levels. Management of water resources is enabled through water allocation and water use authorisation. Management at site-specific level entails, among others, maintenance and control, monitoring and measurement, data management and reporting, auditing and management of impacts. Review of compliance with water use authorisation conditions is undertaken at the catchment level, as well as managing the cumulative impacts of the various water user groups on the system. The auditing of compliance with strategic goals and strategic reviews is undertaken at national level. A detailed review of the national and international guidelines and publications with respect to the legal framework, completeness of all relevant aspects, feasibility of implementation and functionality concluded with a gap analysis,
IMIESA MAY 2012
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Civil Engineering Facilities management Environmental & Energy M&E Services Structural Engineering Industrial Engineering
www.wspgroup.co.za
GROUNDWATER
indicating aspects and management functions that require particular attention, such as: • comprehensive definition of “groundwater management” and all its relevant aspects • comprehensive definition of the relevant management functions with respect to groundwater management, as defined above • mapping of roles and responsibilities of water institutions for the different groundwater management activities, as per comprehensive definition • outlining required skills for the different groundwater management activities • integrating the different groundwater management guidelines into one document. These IWRM and groundwater specific strategies, guidelines and frameworks fit into the overarching proposed GMF, describing specific aspects of the groundwater management. The following guidelines are considered most relevant and become an integral part of the GMF: • NORAD Toolkit (DWAF, 2004) • guideline on assessment, planning and management (DWAF, 2008) • WIN-SA Guidelines • DANIDA IWRM framework • South African water quality guidelines • minimum requirements for waste sites • IWRM Plan guideline The current definitions of ‘water resource management’ and more so ‘groundwater management’ vary significantly and are not consistent throughout the legal framework and guidelines. For the development of the GMF, a comprehensive definition of groundwater management has been applied that includes all of the following aspects: • aquifer protection • groundwater quality management • groundwater remediation
TABLE 1: Responsible water institutions for aspects of groundwater management DWA/ DEA CMA LM / DM WSA WSP WUA Water user/ Polluter Aquifer protection Landuse planning X X X Waste management Reg X Effluent quality management Reg X Groundwater remediation Reg X Groundwater monitoring X (X) X X Aquifer utilisation Groundwater assessment X Licensing X (X) Wellfield planning and design X (X) Wellfield operation and maintenance X X Groundwater monitoring X X X Reg = Regulator X = Main responsibility (X) = Input, partial responsibility
• groundwater assessment • groundwater monitoring • wellfield planning and design • wellfield operation and maintenance. These different aspects of groundwater management relate to two main categories, namely aquifer protection and aquifer utilisation.
Management Management “is the process of leading and directing all or part of an organisation through the deployment and application of resources (human, financial, material, intellectual or intangible).” Hence, management in all business and human organisation activity is simply the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives. Management comprises planning, organising, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organisation or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal. The principles of management have been expanded and applied to other forms of organisations, specific areas within a business. Management operates through various functions. Business management schools normally distinguish between four and seven basic management functions, of which the four most important are planning, organisPlanning ing, leading/motivating and controlling: • Planning: deciding what needs to happen in the future and generating Organising plans for action. Changing Plan • Organising: (implementation) makChanging Tasks ing optimum use of the resources Next Phase, or Staff Directing Implementation, required to enable the successful Incremental Development carrying out of plans. Change Performance • Staffing: job analysing, recruitment, Controlling and hiring individuals for appropriate jobs. • Leading/directing: Determining what needs to be done in a situaTask Com plete tion and getting people to do it. • Motivating: The process of stimuFIGURE 2: Review and revise cycle of management lating an individual to take action functions that will accomplish a desired goal.
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• Controlling/monitoring: checking progress against plans, which may need modification based on feedback. Planning is the ongoing process of developing the mission and objectives of a business and determining how they will be accomplished. The management function of ‘planning’ comprises the overarching strategic planning for the organisation, such as: • mission statement • defining the objectives • setting the goals • plan of action. The detailed planning of how to achieve objectives and the implementation thereof fall under the management function of ‘organising’. Organising usually follows after planning, and involves the assignment of tasks, the grouping of tasks into departments and the assignment of authority and allocation of resources across the organisation. To reach the objectives outlined in the planning process, structuring the work of the organisation is a vital concern. Part of the ‘organising’ function is staffing, which involves hiring staff with the required skills and qualification, setting up training for the employees where required, acquiring technical resources, and organising the work group into a productive team. Directing is influencing people’s behaviour through motivation, communication, group dynamics, leadership and discipline. The purpose of directing is to channel the behaviour of all personnel to accomplish the organisation’s mission and objectives while simultaneously helping them accomplish their own career objectives. Those in the leadership role must be able to influence/motivate workers to understand and achieve the overarching goal and follow the duties or responsibilities assigned during the planning process. These four management functions are the building blocks for all types of management. They form an ongoing cycle of management, as the results of ‘controlling’ might require
GROUNDWATER Groundwater Management Framework
changes of the objectives (‘planning’), changes in organisational structure (‘organising’), changes in personnel (‘staffing’) or changes in interpersonal relationships (‘directing’), as indicated in Figure 2. The main elements of the management functions and the responsibilities within the municipal structure are shown.
Structure of the framework The groundwater management framework provides a guideline for optimal incorporation and integration of the management functions in the municipal structure. The framework is designed to be applicable at local level of responsibilities, that is, WSA, WSP and WUA. Hence, the assigned responsibilities and available tools to achieve sustainable groundwater management reflect the local level of water institutions. However, the principles of the framework can be applied at all levels and all scales. The different aspects of groundwater management, as defined above, relate to two main categories, namely: • aquifer protection • aquifer utilisation.
In addition, there Groundwater Resource Groundwater Resource Valuation Valuation are two overarch[CMA / WSA] [CMA / WSA] ing and supporting categories that are Aquifer Protection Aquifer Utilisation [CMA / WUA / WSA] [WSA / WSP] Catchment Management relevant for successStrategy [CMA] ful groundwater manGroundwater Pollution Prevention Assessment [CMA / WSA] agement, namely: [WSA] IDP / SDF WSDP • monitoring, data EIA / RoD Licensing management IWRMP IWWMP Remediation Wellfield O&M [Polluter] [WSP] and evaluation Tools • valuation of the Monitoring and Evaluation groundwater source. FIGURE 3: Groundwater Management Framework with categories, subcategories and main tools The overall structure of the GMF is shown in Figure 3. The framework describes the different aspects, the relevant sub-categories are: landuse planassociated tasks and assigned responsibilities ning and remediation. of the relevant institutions for each category. The category of ‘aquifer utilisation’ includes all The category of ‘aquifer protection’ includes activities to ensure that the groundwater use is all activities to protect the aquifer from deteriosustainable and impacts from the groundwater ration in water quality and reduction in aquifer use are avoided or mitigated. The activities can recharge, and to rehabilitate an aquifer with be grouped into: respect to its water quality, irrespective of • groundwater assessment whether the aquifer is utilised or not. herefore, • wellfield operation and maintenance.
IMIESA MAY 2012
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(QJLQHHULQJ VXFFHVV IRU sustainable water management
Services: Aurecon provides engineering, management and specialist technical and Wastewater services for government and private sector clients globally. The group has Water Treatment been involved in projects that span multiple markets across Africa, :DWHU 5HVRXUFHV 0DQDJHPHQW Dams and Bulk Pipelines $VLD 3DFLoF DQG WKH 0LGGOH (DVW Water Sciences
Aurecon’s team of leading water specialists works with clients across every facet of the water cycle to design and deliver the most cost effective and sustainable infrastructure solutions, ranging from network modelling and bulk pipelines to treatment plant design and total operations management. 2XU WHDP RIIHUV ZRUOG FODVV WHFKQLFDO VNLOOV DV ZHOO DV VLJQLoFDQW H[SHUWLVH in the legal, environmental, planning and community consultation issues around water projects. For more information contact us at tel: +27 12 427 2000 or email: water@aurecongroup.com
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GROUNDWATER
All categories and sub-categories require data collection and ongoing monitoring. These activities must be structured and coordinated such that the monitoring data can be utilised for their intended purposes. The monitoring related activities are described under the following sub-categories: • monitoring requirements • data collection • data analysis • data management. The economic aspect of sustainable groundwater management is of importance for the local authority. A framework for the valuation of the groundwater resource is provided, which feeds into both categories and their sub-categories.
Conclusions The GMF, proposed in this document, is an overarching guideline that brings the different guidelines for groundwater management together and fills the gaps of these guidelines. The case studies emphasise the main factors of success, which are:
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• appropriate technology for groundwater monitoring and management • scientific support from external consultants on request • efficient management structure • committed staff • adequate funding mechanism. The main elements of the framework are: • Definition and grouping of all aspects of groundwater management, including aquifer protection, wellfield development, operations and maintenance and monitoring. • Linking the aspects of groundwater management to the legal framework of the National Water Act and the Water Services Act. • Definition of management functions with respect to groundwater management. • Roles and responsibilities of local government officials for the different aspects of groundwater management. • Detailing of the complete monitoring cycle and feedback cycle for sustainable groundwater management. • Outline and example of a Groundwater Management Plan.
• Development of a framework and methodology to establish the value of the groundwater resource. The trial implementation of the framework in the Overstrand Municipality for the case studies of Hermanus and Stanford showed that the split between WSA and WSP function within the municipality supports the responsibilities for groundwater management, especially if both functions are involved in the well field planning.
Recommendations The framework has proven to be of high significance for local government to understand their responsibilities and required actions in groundwater management. Hence, it is of utmost importance to introduce municipalities to this framework and train the relevant officials in using the guidelines to achieve sustainable groundwater management. Furthermore, it is strongly suggested that the DWA adopt this framework as an overarching guideline and incorporates the suite of existing guidelines into this framework.
ADVERTORIAL
BOSCH MUNITECH
Leading the way in leak detection and utilities mapping At a time in history when water security is an increasing concern, leak detection and utilities mapping are vital aspects of water responsibility.
B
ASED ON A MAP published by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), Southern Africa is one of the world’s regions experiencing water stress. In South Africa, unnecessary water loss through leakages is high, making efficient mapping and detection an imperative to conserve this precious resource. And the place to start with is the local authorities. Bosch Munitech, part of the Bosch Holdings group, provides specialist operations and maintenance services to the municipal engineering sector. Pipe bursts cost municipalities dearly every year and even the trickles of water seeping from verges are worth millions. Bosch Munitech managing director, Steve McCarley, says: “Looking for a non-visible leak is like looking for a needle in a haystack and it takes a team of people with highly specialised skills and the appropriate technology to get it right.” Bosch Munitech specialises in the development and implementation of sustainable water and solid waste management solutions and has invested significantly in training, equipment and employing specialists in this field. Since leak
problems and ageing water infrastructure first appeared on municipal radar screens in 2008, Bosch Munitech has been at the forefront of water and wastewater management. The company’s state-of-the-art acoustic technology and innovative GIS-based management system are instrumental for leak detection and repairs. Some of its equipment are electromagnetic pipe locators to detect conductive services, flex rod and sonde combination for the detection of sewer and stormwater pipes and ground penetrating radar for non-metallic utilities. McCarley adds, “Our technicians have 17 years’ experience in utilities detection and we only use professional surveyors and qualified draughtsmen for mapping purposes.” Bosch Munitech has an impeccable track record and has completed a multitude of successful projects. One of its most recent was the detection and mapping of buried utilities along 11 proposed pipe routes for Rand Water. The scope of works included detection of existing pipes within servitudes, detection of other buried utilities crossing the servitudes, accurate mapping of located utilities and production of AutoCAD drawings. It also provided data sheets of the survey results including information such
MAIN Bosch Munitech employee, Siyabonga Sithole, takes a reading ABOVE Bosch Munitech employees, Ndumiso Kubeka and George Iliev, check the results of correlation
as XYZ values, depth, type and diameter of services, description and invert levels. Bosch Munitech has worked in various other municipal areas including eThekwini, Ilembe, Ugu and Pietermaritzburg. In the past three years the company has rooted out more than 14 000 leaks and mapped thousands of pipelines. McCarley explains: “We are committed to contributing to the presidential directive of halving water losses by 2014 and will do so one pipe and leak at a time."
Tel: +27 (0)31 535 6000 Website: www.boschmunitech.co.za
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Small
Improvement by us Big Benefits for you By redesigning the counter mechanism of the PSM/KSM range of water meters, Elster Kent engineers have created a near frictionless counter. The benefits for you are: • superior performance and low-flow measurement accuracy • less water goes unaccounted for, thus more revenue is generated • longer legal service life – at least 15 years
The large diameter grooved piston facilitates the passing of undissolved solids through the meter.
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WATER AND WASTEWATER
A water lifeline for the north A lack of water could scupper residential, commercial and industrial developments to the north of Durban that are expected to not only house but also employ tens of thousands of people.
N
EIL MACLEOD, HEAD of the eThekwini Water and Sanitation (EWS), says although the first phase of the Northern Aqueduct Augmentation (NAA) project would not inject much needed additional capacity, it would provide some relief and enable major developments such as the multi billion rand Cornubia mixed use development and the Dube Trade Port to go ahead. Macleod explains that without additional infrastructure, the extra load placed on the
existing system by these projects could see the already over extended infrastructure reach breaking point. “Although the whole of Durban is at risk of water shortages in the near future, the northern parts of eThekwini are already negatively impacted by a lack of capacity to supply potable water. The bulk supply has reached capacity and urgent measures need to be taken,” he continues. The NAA, which has been on the cards since 2009, forms part of the city’s strategic master
plan to address the increasing demand for water in the northern regions. It was originally envisaged as a three-phase mega project that will put in place a 55 km pipeline to supply water to the north east of Durban covering the regions north of the Umgeni River, south of the Tongaat River and east of Ntuzuma. It is expected to link into the Western Aqueduct that supplies water to the outer west, injecting approximately 150 million litres of additional water per day. In 2009, EWS appointed a joint venture between Knight Piésold Consulting and Naidu Consulting to investigate the engineering feasibility of a project to improve the capacity of the existing northern aqueducts. Initial investigations indicated that injecting water from the proposed Western Aqueduct project into the Nor thern Aqueduct system was the most technically appropriate
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WATER AND WASTEWATER
RIGHT Highlighted sections of the Northern Aqueduct Augmentation
solution and EWS accepted this as the most viable solution. Ultimately, the NAA will have to rely on either the Western Aqueduct or another major source
“The northern parts of eThekwini are already negatively impacted by a lack of capacity to supply potable water” to supply additional bulk water to the northern regions of eThekwini,” explains Macleod. This first phase of the NAA will provide a pipeline between Phoenix 2, Umhlanga and Waterloo reservoirs as well as additional infrastructure at Phoenix 1 reservoir and around the Nyaninga reservoir which suppor ts the strategically impor tant King Shaka International Airport. A second phase
could connect this to the Western Aqueduct at Ntuzuma. The first phase of the NAA is expected to take 24 months to complete while the second phase is likely to take 36 months. A tender
for the construction of phase one is expected to be advertised around July this year once all requirements of the Environmental Impact Assessment have been met and a record of decision received.
VVKE / INFRASTR08
IMIESA MAY 2012
Creating infrastructure for over 60 years Vela VKE is a truly South African, multi-disciplinary, consulting engineering company committed to transformation.
Vela VKE Board: left to right: Viwe Qegu, Arthur Taute, Mathews Phosa, Dave Gertzen, Tom Marshall, George Munyai, Job Mokgoro, Mothupi Malaka
As we continue to build on over sixty years of experience, our expertise and innovation remain globally recognised. Group Head Office +27 12 481 3800 Email: info@velavke.co.za Website: www.velavke.co.za
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WATER AND WASTEWATER
Name change for ITT Water and Wastewater ITT South Africa is poised for a name change that reflects its core focus and market position in the efficient transport and treatment of water and wastewater.
T
HE COMPANY WILL BE known as Xylem, with the tagline, “Let’s Solve Water”. Paul Tring, managing director at ITT, says Xylem is a botanical term that refers to the tissue in plants that brings water upward from the roots. “We believe this aptly captures our company’s ability to navigate from the root of a water-related challenge to achieve a positive outcome,” he says. “The tagline ‘Let’s Solve Water’ sums up our ongoing commitment to identifying solutions for our customers, over and above supplying leading products and services. “The company will continue to build on its existing strengths in the water technology arena, with an intensified emphasis on water solutions, residential and commercial water, analytics and flow control. Our marketleading product brands, applications, expertise and technological strength are channelled through a simple marketing strategy — to provide water, infrastructure and
application solutions delivered by a business that is fully focused on water issues, such as the increasing need to reuse water and the growing demand for water to support urbanisation and population growth. “With decades of experience in the water business and an arsenal of strong, reputable product brands, Xylem will uphold the commitment to provide a local service that meets our local customers’ specific needs, while leveraging our global network, technological innovation and applications expertise.”
Extensive product offering The company’s extensive product offering includes well known and field-proven brands such as Flygt premier submersible pumps, mixers and mechanical The Flygt 2660 ST dewatering aeration equipment for use in markets ranging from pump offers high efficiencies water and wastewater treatment, raw water supply, with unmatched wear resistance abrasive or contaminated industrial processes, mining and irrigation. Godwin fully automatic self-priming pumps are used in temporary and permanent applications. Xylem rents and sells a full range of diesel and electric Godwin pumps used for dewatering and liquids transfer in mining, construction, municipal and industrial markets. The line-up includes Goulds centrifugal and turbine pumps, controllers, variable frequency drives and accessories for the agricultural sector, building trades, commercial and light industrial water and wastewater applications and Leopold systems for gravity filtration, clarification, denitrification, sludge collection and backwash water recovery on water and wastewater plants. Lowara stainless steel pumps offer solutions for water, wastewater, HVAC and fire protection in agriculture, building trades, commercial and light industrial applications, while Sanitaire complete biological wastewater treatment solutions include diffused aeration, sequencing batch reactor systems and membrane bioreactor systems for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment facilities. Wedeco ultraviolet disinfection and ozone oxidation systems and related monitoring and control systems have been designed for the disinfection of municipal and industrial water and wastewater and Vogel pumps transport clear, contaminated, aggressive, abrasive, hazardous or high-temperature liquids, as well as wastewater and sewage, for the building trades and industrial and municipal applications. Xylem has the largest submersible rental fleet on the continent, comprising more than 600 units. It also has the most diverse rental pump range, encompassing potable, sewage and slurry pumps across four voltage ranges, together with dredging, mixing and turnkey solutions.
Paul Tring, managing director of Xylem South Africa
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IMIESA MAY 2012
From ITT comes Xylem. Xylem is a world leader in the design, manufacturing and application of highly engineered technologies for the water industry. We are 12,000 people unified in a common purpose: creating innovative solutions to global water challenges. We know this is only achieved when partnering closely with our customers. We are committed to continuing the product innovation and forward thinking you’ve come to expect from the collection of market-leading brands in the Xylem portfolio. For more information on what this transformative shift can mean to your business, go to xyleminc.com.
Xylem Water Solutions South Africa (Pty) Ltd
Tel: +27 11 966 9300
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ADVERTORIAL
Bulk water supply project completed Bosch Stemele, a leading multidisciplinary infrastructure engineering company, was appointed by Umgeni Water to undertake the North Coast Bulk Water Supply Project.
T
HE MVOTI RIVER Pipe Bridge Crossing is an important component of the Umgeni Water North Coast Bulk Water Supply Project. The bulk conveyance system comprising large diameter steel pipelines is necessary to ensure security of supply by meeting the present and projected future water demand requirements in the north coast area of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). Bosch Stemele initially completed detailed feasibility studies for bulk water supplies from Hazelmere Dam via Ballito to Stanger on the KZN north coast for Umgeni Water. This planning progressed to detailed design and construction of the conveyance system from Ballito to KwaDukuza incorporating some 24 km of large diameter steel pipelines, including the Mvoti River Pipe Bridge Crossing. BKS was appointed as subconsultants for the design of the river crossings. The Mvoti River Pipe Bridge Crossing makes provision for the initial new 800 mm diameter steel pipeline and for a second similar sized future pipeline. In the initial years of operation the pipeline will convey water northwards from Hazelmere Dam. The planning and design allows for the direction of the pipeline to be reversed at some stage in the future when water supply to the area will be supplemented by water abstracted from the Mvoti and Tugela Rivers in the north. One of the key decisions during the preliminary design stage was to consider the various options for the piped river crossing, which included a sub-surface river bed installation, installing on
the existing R103 road bridge and on a steel pipe bridge supported on the old abandoned road bridge pier and abutments. The latter was determined to be the most feasible option taking into consideration various criteria such as costs, operations and maintenance, future demands and environmental impacts. The project comprising the 280 m-long steel pipe supported on the 220 m-long steel lattice type bridge was completed in March 2012 at a construction cost of R22.3 million. Besides the challenges associated with planning and optimising the design of the pipe bridge crossing, which entailed investigating various options, for the river crossing, additional objectives met included meeting environmental and social requirements which meant managing the impact of fluctuating river levels and weather patterns, as well as interfacing with land owners and the local community to accommodate construction of the pipe bridge river crossing. The scope of the project comprised the following: • Supply, fabrication and erection of the double arched steel bridge structure spanning 220 m across the Mvoti River, supported on the existing old road bridge central pier and abutments. • Extension of the existing central concrete pier and end abutments by 13.5 m vertically. • Construction of temporary works including access roads and working platforms, river diversion and a temporary support for erection of first bridge span.
TOP View of Mvoti River Pipe Bridge Crossing from north bank INSET 800mm steel pipe with bellows and supports to allow for longitudinal movement
• Installation of 220 m of above ground and 60 m of buried steel pipeline (800 mm nominal diameter). • Supply and installation of expansion and contraction pipe bellows. • Construction of concrete in-situ plinths, anchor walls and thrust blocks on the north and south banks. • Supply and installation of the bridge bearings, pipe support bearings • Sheet piling, dowelling and anchor bolts. • Air valve installations. • Cathodic protection requirements. • Environmental management and rehabilitation. Icon Construction was awarded the main river crossing contract by Umgeni Water and Impact Engineering was the main subcontractor involved with the supply and erection of the steel bridge structure. The contract was completed within budget.
Tel: +27 (0)31 535 6000 Website: www.boschstemele.co.za
IMIESA MAY 2012
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WATER AND WASTEWATER
THE PILANESBERG BULK WATER SUPPLY SCHEME
Providing bulk water to platinum mines New developments prompted the implementation of the Pilanesberg North and South water schemes, which will benefit the local mining industry and aid in potable water supply for domestic use.
M
AGALIES WATER provides bulk potable water for industrial and domestic use from its Vaalkop Water Treatment Works to the towns of Rustenburg, Mogwase, Thabazimbi, Northam and a number of large platinum mines in the Boshoek, Rustenburg and Northam areas. A number of rural and peri-urban villages, situated in the areas of jurisdiction of the Moses Kotane, Thabazimbi and Rustenburg local municipalities are also supplied with potable water from the Vaalkop Water Treatment Works. Increased mining activity in the supply area of the Vaalkop Water Treatment Works of Magalies Water, between Brits and Vaalkop (to the north,
south and west of Pilanesberg and between Vaalkop and Thabazimbi), as well as the associated growth of the population to support these developments, resulted in an increased demand on bulk potable water supply for industrial and domestic use. A collaboration agreement was reached between Magalies Water and the mines for the implementation of the Pilanesberg Bulk Water Supply Scheme. The original Pilanesberg scheme included the addition of 60 Mℓ/d treatment plant capacity, 70 Mℓ/d distribution capacity, additional 80 Mℓ reservoir capacity and 105 km pipelines. Due to further growth in demand for industrial and domestic use, the delayed implementation of
the Pilanesberg scheme associated with the global economic downturn and other pending statutory approvals resulted in a larger regional Pilanesberg Bulk Water Supply Scheme with economic benefits of scale to all industrial and domestic consumers.
Industrial and domestic Ringing in at a total cost of R975 million, the Pilanesberg North scheme will benefit the bulk consumers from two new platinum mines north of the Pilanesberg, Moses Kotane Local
FIGURE 1: Lay-out of the proposed infrastructure of the scheme
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WATER AND WASTEWATER
Municipality and Thabazimbi Local Municipality. Economic influx To enable Boynton and Platmin (Barrick) to start The world market for platinum group metals their mining activities, water should have been comprising platinum, palladium and rhodium is made available by 9 February 2009 and July increasing steadily every year. South Africa as 2009 respectively. Therefore, the 31 km pipeline the world’s major producer of these metals needs from ‘Padda’ to Tuschenkomst and the 35 Mℓ to maintain and, wherever possible, expand its terminal reservoir at Tuschenkomst (Section B of market share. Not only will the new mines secure the Pilanesberg North Section) have already been South Africa’s position in the world market, but completed and paid for by the said mines, as well it will result in considerable foreign exchange 35 Mℓ Tuschenkomst reservoir as payment for all professional services fees for inflow. Much of this income will find its way into the complete design and tender stage of the scheme the local and national economy by way of significant to the value of some R190 million. employment opportunities, the creation of new support business and the Similar arrangements were negotiated with Wesizwe and Maseve general influx of wealth into the community. Capital investment by mines (Western Bushveld JV) for the Pilanesberg South Scheme from Evergreen in the area of the Pilanesberg water scheme over a period of two years is to the Boskoppie area to enable its mining activities to start by the middle expected to be in excess of R2.8 billion. New demands to the Pilanesberg of 2012 (now scheduled for early 2014). The Pilanesberg South scheme, scheme for the development of other mines will be a stimulus for further which costs approximately R300 million, will benefit bulk consumers from capital growth to more than R6 billion in the region. two new platinum mines to the south of the Pilanesberg, Moses Kotane Local Municipality and Rustenburg Local Municipality. New water supply development The domestic water demands identified in the three municipal areas that Of the additional 25 550 million m³/year, (70.0 Mℓ/d), 36.2 Mℓ/d will be have been included in the Pilanesberg water scheme are mainly attributed allocated to the mining fraternity and the balance of 33.8 Mℓ/d will serve to backlogs in basic water supply to areas that are currently characterised the municipal areas and will ensure a more sustainable supply of water for by intermittent groundwater supply resources. The need has thus been domestic use thus reducing the dependence of villages on unreliable supidentified to also address a more sustainable bulk water supply to these plies from boreholes. The new development will have a positive influence areas, with the economic benefits of a larger bulk water supply to both the both socially and economically. Two large platinum mines and two relative domestic sector and the mining industry, jointly through the Pilanesberg smaller ones will be developed which will: water scheme. • increase job opportunities for people in the area • contribute towards the economic growth of the area • contribute towards meeting the economic targets set by government. If the mines were not involved in the bulk water supply scheme, water for urban and domestic use will be very expensive; but due to their involvement, the incremental cost for users other than the mining fraternity will be more affordable. Should the development not materialise, it would deepen the crisis already experienced in Moses Kotane, Rustenburg, Thabazimbi and Northam, and would curtail the developments in other areas. This should be compared to increased importation of expensive Lesotho Highlands’ water via a Rand Water system to supply in these demands.
Design capacity The current design capacity of the Pilanesberg water scheme is 70 Mℓ/d for which an abstraction license for the additional 70 Mℓ/d of water required has already been approved and issued by the Department of Water Affairs. The scheme will be supplied from the Vaalkop Water Treatment Works. The Project Steering Committee – Magalies Water, Platmin (Barrick) and Boynton, Maseve (WBJV) and Wesizwe – approved the feasibility study for the Pilanesberg North Scheme. Subsequently, the feasibility study details of the project were included in a Water Service Supply Agreement or the implementation of the scheme, which covered the following issues: • the EIA process • project management • designing of the infrastructure • procurement of the infrastructure • appointment and supervising of the contractors • constructing the infrastructure works • commissioning and handover of the infrastructure to Magalies Water, which will own, operate and maintain the completed upgraded infrastructure and works necessary to supply the increased water demand. Consequently the following consultants were, without any risks on their side, appointed by the mining companies to facilitate the feasibility,
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WATER AND WASTEWATER INCREASED WATER DEMANDS FOR MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL USE design, tender and construction phases of the Pilanesberg North part of the scheme: • Ossie Rossouw Management Services (Pty) Ltd for project management and other specialist consulting engineers for the complete design of all elements of the scheme • S&W Limpopo Consulting Engineers for the Pipeline Section A from the present Vaalkop Purification Plant to PADDA Junction, south of Northam, the highlift pumpstation at Vaalkop and the new 20 Mℓ La Patrie Reservoir • Thutuka Group Limited for Pipeline Section B from PADDA to the terminal reservoir at the farm Tuschenkomst and for the 35 Mℓ terminal reservoir • CSV Water Consulting Engineers (Pty) Ltd for the extensions to the Vaalkop Water Treatment Works The design of the scheme is complete and construction of Pipeline Section B mentioned is complete. The contractors appointed by Boynton to complete Section B of the scheme to enable Boynton to start their mining activities by 9 February 2009 were: • Cycad for the 31 km, 750 mm diameter pipeline • Level Construction for the 35 Mℓ terminal reservoir Due to the worldwide economic downturn in
FIGURE 2: Aerial photograph showing the existing purification and appurtenant works at Vaalkop Dam and the proposed extension for 60 or 90 Mℓ/d
Magalies Water received several requests since August 2006 to provide additional potable water from the Vaalkop Water Treatment Works to local communities and new mining ventures in Magalies Water’s area of supply. The additional demand amounts to 25.55 million m3/year (70 Ml/d) and the main users will be: Moses Kotane Local Municipality
5 037 million m3/year
13.8 Mℓ/day
Thabazimbi Local Municipality
4 745 million m3/year
13.0 Mℓ/day
Rustenburg Local Municipality
2 555 million m3/year
7.0 Mℓ/day
Boynton Investment SA (Pty) Ltd
3 285 million m3/year
9.0 Mℓ/day
Platmin (Barrick Platinum SA (Pty) Ltd) 5 548 million m3/year
15.2 Mℓ/day
Wesizwe Platinum Mine
2 190 million m3/year
6.0 Mℓ/day
Maseve (Western Bushveld JV)
2 190 million m3/year
6.0 Mℓ/day
October 2008 one of the mining companies, Barrick, postponed its initial funding commitment for the design and implementation of the project phases indicated below: • bulk power supply upgrade from Eskom • 60 Mℓ extensions to the Vaalkop Water Treatment Works • 6 km, 900 mm diameter pipeline from Vaalkop to Evergreen, off-take point for supply of water to the south of Pilanesberg • 40 km, 750 mm diameter pipeline from Evergreen to PADDA including a 20 Mℓ reservoir at La Patrie. The above components of the scheme have not been constructed as yet. New tenders will be considered for these outstanding contracts due to the time lapse. It is believed that more competitive tenders could be achieved. If some of the components must be re-evaluated to accommodate additional demands identified since the original scheme demands were confirmed, the existing designs can be adjusted with limited cost implications. At this stage there is no need for a completely new design of all the components and accompanying new design costs.
With similar arrangements, the mining companies to the south (Wesizwe and Maseve) appointed Moedi Consulting Engineers to facilitate the feasibility, design, tender and construction of the Pilanesberg South part of the scheme. The implementation of the Pilanesberg South Section from Evergreen is in the final design stage and must be operational by end 2013. This part of the scheme will enable the two mining companies, Wesizwe Platinum Mine and Maseve (previously Western Bushveld JV), to commence with their mining operations.
Conclusion In the economic development of the country, the national government has identified and agreed on 12 key focus areas that should steer the social and economic improvement of individuals and communities, including “an efficient, competitive and responsive infrastructure network”. Implementation of the Pilanesberg Bulk Water Supply Scheme will give effect to some of these outcomes directly and most others indirectly in the affected region north and south of the Pilanesberg area.
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WATER AND WASTEWATER
Paarl WWTW upgrade The upgrading of the Paarl WWTW lead to a first for Sika South Africa when its new, state-of-the-art waterproofing product was used.
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RAKENSTEIN MUNICIPALITY awarded the contract for this largescale project to engineering company Aurecon, in association with Lyners Engineering. Sika was the preferred supplier for a number of high-quality construction products, including its new waterproofing product, Sika-Waterbars. After successful completion of the Paarl Waste Water Treatment Works (WWTW) Phase 1, civil engineering company, Exeo Khokela was awarded the contract for Phase 2 – an upgrading project to further increase the capacity of the treatment works. Construction
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included a new clarifier, a bioreactor erected in an area previously used as a maturation pond, associated concrete chambers, the installation of new water and irrigation pipes, and a new office building. A unique feature of this project was the construction of a bird viewing station for the client, as the treatment works is situated in an area that is rich in bird life. Sika’s top-of-the-range waterproofing product, Sika-Waterbars were used for the first time in South Africa; over 2 900 m were applied under all construction joints to prevent contamination of sub-soils in the area. These flexible waterstops, based on plasticised PVC,
are ideally suited to seal construction and expansion joints in all water-retaining structures, as well as basements, underground car parks and tunnels. Sika-Waterbars provide excellent durability even under high water pressure and are supplied in various sizes and types, depending on their usage. The second phase of the project included concrete repairs, achieved by first applying Sikatop Armatec 110 EpoCem, a high-quality cement-based, epoxy-modified bonding agent. This was followed by Sika MonoTop-615 HB, a high-build, cementitious, polymer-modified, one component repair and reprofiling mortar containing silica fume. Designed for thick-layer concrete repairs, this excellent, thixotropic product with adjustable consistency provides good mechanical strength as well as resistance to water and chloride penetration and may be applied using the wet spray method. A similar product, Sika MonoTop-620, which is
WATER AND WASTEWATER
RIGHT A view of the Paarl Wastewater Treatment Works construction site BELOW An application of Sika Waterbar highlighting easy welding on site
a pore sealer and levelling mortar, was used for fine concrete repairs and for skimming up of blowholes. For casting new concrete onto old, Sika AnchorFix-2 – a solvent- and styrene-free, epoxy acrylate based, two-part anchoring adhesive – was used to bond steel dowelling rods into old concrete. This fast-curing, non-sag product provides high load capacity and is suitable for use in all grades of rebars, threaded rods, bolts, concrete, solid masonry and steel. For bonding of steel into old concrete, Sikadur-31 CF Normal – a moisture-tolerant, thixotropic, structural, two-part adhesive and repair mortar – was the product of choice. High-traffic areas were grouted with Sikadur-42 ZA, a self-levelling, solvent-free, three-component fluid grout. These products are based on a combination of epoxy resins and special fillers, and provide high initial and ultimate
mechanical strength. They are easy to use, suitable for dry and damp concrete surfaces, harden without shrinkage and offer excellent abrasion and chemical resistance. Sika Grout 212, a cement-based, fluid, expanding grout, was applied under all machine base plates.
Providing rapid strength development and high final strengths, this non-corrosive grout expands by gas generation while still in the plastic state of curing. Used for repairs and filling was Sikadur-43 ZA, a solvent-free, threecomponent, repair and filling mortar, based on
IMIESA MAY 2012
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Waterproofing
Sika Solutions from Basement to Roof
Sikalastic-800 Sikalastic- 800 series is a versatile range of polyurea coatings used for waterproofing, abrasion resistance, and protective coatings. Areas of application: Airports, Railways & Infrastructure Bridges, Tunnels, Dams Commercial Construction Projects Power Generation plants Petrochemical Refineries Properties and Characteristics: Highly Impermeable Elastomeric Abrasion & Erosion resistant Tough & Seamless No Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Strong Adhesion to substrate Sika Customer Service KZN: Tel 031 792 6500, Fax 031 700 1760 E-mail headoffice@za.sika.com Website www.sika.co.za
Tel: 011 608 6100
Tel: 021 555 0755
Tel: 035 797 3814
Tel: 031 792 6500
Tel: 041 453 2813
Tel: 031 792 6564
WATER AND WASTEWATER
a combination of epoxy resins and selected high strength aggregates. After mixing, it forms a trowelable mortar with good adhesion to dry or damp cementitious substrates and provides rapid, shrinkage-free hardening and high mechanical strength. Subcontractor, AMAC Sealants, was responsible for all sealing aspects of the project. Joint sealing of the water retaining structures necessitated the use of 2 400 m of Sika’s high-performance SikadurCombiflex System, which consists of a flexible polyoelifin bandage and a suitable epoxy adhesive, in this case SikaFlex-11 FC+, which is a one-part, moisturecuring, elastic joint sealant and multipurpose adhesive based on polyurethane. This easyto-install, extremely flexible system, suitable for dry and damp concrete surfaces, provides excellent adhesion to many materials. It is fast curing, weather- and water-resistant, offers good chemical resistance and, due to its versatility, is suitable for many difficult situations.
Flooring joints were primed using SikaPrimer-3 N, which is based on an epoxypolyurethane solvent. This was followed by an application of SikaFlex PRO-3 WF, a moisturecuring, one-part, elastic sealant, based on polyurethane. It is ideally suited for wastewater
ABOVE The project was initially scheduled for completion in March 2012
and sewage treatment works, as well as for joints in contact with potable water or surfaces in the food industry. It provides bubblefree curing and very good mechanical and chemical resistance. The clarifier’s launder was coated with SikaGard-720 EpoCem ZA – a three-part, epoxy-modified, cementitious, fine-textured mortar that provide excellent protection of concrete in aggressive environments. This was followed by the application of Sikagard-63 N, a solvent-free, twopart, epoxy resin coating providing excellent chemical and mechanical resistance. These high-quality Sika coatings will provide long-lasting protection of the clarifier. Having commenced in January 2011, this large-scale project was scheduled for completion in March 2012. Due to the huge amount of mass concrete required, however, contractors were running behind schedule, necessitating overtime in order to catch up.
IMIESA MAY 2012
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SECTORS THAT FORM THE DEVELOPMENT BANK OF SOUTHERN AFRICA’S DEVELOPMENT AGENDA INCLUDE: WATER AND SANITATION | HEALTH | EDUCATION | ENERGY | AGRICULTURE | ICT | TOURISM | MINING | TRANSPORT | ENVIRONMENT | HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
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MUNICIPAL FINANCE
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH
Committed to municipal infrastructure Since 2010, the DBSA has refined its mandate towards accelerated economic growth to meet the growing development challenges within its operational scope.
T
HE DEVELOPMENT BANK of Southern Africa (DBSA) is a development finance institution (DFI) wholly owned by the South African government. Over the years, DBSA’s business trajectory has evolved and has been adapted to ensure that this growing DFI remains relevant to the economic development thrust of the South African government and the region as a whole. DBSA is being positioned to become a proactive leader in hands-on development responsiveness, and provide sustainable solutions for infrastructure development in South Africa, the region and the rest of Africa.
Engagements with municipalities The municipal sector is a complex environment. It faces huge challenges in delivering services and enabling infrastructure to communities. Concomitant to that, this sector is also faced with various institutional and financial constraints. These are exacerbated by socioeconomic conditions in South Africa which place pressure on the municipal income streams. In its support to this sector, the South Africa operations of the DBSA engages with municipalities across the full value chain ranging from planning and project identification to operations and maintenance. Funding support is provided in the following ways: • On request/application for specific infrastructure needs. • Joint project development arrangement and mandate agreement: This approach is normally followed to utilise development needs and opportunities which otherwise may go unfunded. • Municipal requests for funding proposed through public tender: this approach is followed where municipalities solicit other
DBSA at a glance
ABOVE Municipalities face huge challenges in delivering services and enabling infrastructure to communities
funding through different funders for specific needs and can be in the form of a bond issue or a long-term loan. • The DBSA can, where it sees a market gap, also from time to time approach a municipality with an unsolicited funding offer for a specific project. • Support in the acceleration of development through bridging conditional grant transfers from government. Support includes advice, facilitation and funding.
Examples of projects supported by South Africa operations Thulamela electrification programme • Financial Year: 2011/12 • Total cost: R130 million • DBSA contribution: R90 million • Description: The Thulamela Local Municipality entered into a partnership with the Department of Energy for fast-tracking, upgrading and expanding access to electricity in the municipal area. The DBSA supported this project through provision of bridging finance to the value of R90 million. It is envisaged that upon completion this project will expand the existing network in 40 villages and provide 13 000 households with electricity. Tlokwe capex financing facility • Financial Year: 2010/11
• Vision: A prosperous and integrated region, progressively free of poverty and dependency. • Mission: To advance development impact in the region by expanding access to development finance and effectively integrating and implementing sustainable development. • Strategic objectives: - catalyse, expand and enable the delivery of basic social services - provide and build human and institutional capacity - promote broad-based economic growth - engender sustainability externally and internally
DBSA’s five major roles: 1. Financier: To contribute to the delivery of basic services and promote economic growth through infrastructure funding. 2. Advisor: To build institutional, financial, technical and knowledge capacity for development. 3. Partner: To leverage private, public and community players in the development process. 4. Implementer: To originate, facilitate and participate in key initiatives for building capacity and providing development solutions. 5. Integrator: To mobilise and link stakeholders, initiatives and resources for sustainable development solutions.
• Total cost: R291 million • DBSA contribution: R75 million • Description: This facility helped to finance some of the capital projects identified in the Tlokwe Local Municipality’s integrated development plan. The identified projects were in the sectors of water, sanitation roads and electricity, which form part of the municipality’s infrastructure master plan.
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MUNICIPAL FINANCE
Absa retains Ekurhuleni account Absa has been reappointed as the banker for the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality.
T Kerbs Dry-casting means no exposed aggregate or blowholes on the surface of our kerbs.
The only SABS-approved dry-cast kerb in SA. At Bosun, our approach to resolving engineering challenges has always been to simplify and innovate. That’s why we’ve taken the manufacturing of kerbs further with our revolutionary dry-casting process. This allows us to compact the kerb, making a stronger, more durable end product. And, making kerbs the Bosun way is kinder to the environment. No acids and chemicals are needed as mould release agents. Another great reason to specify Bosun kerbs on your next civil engineering project. Visit www.bosun.co.za for even more ideas.
Gauteng Tel (011) 310-1176 bosunmidrand@bosun.co.za
HIS CAN BE SEEN as an indication of the continued confidence the municipality has in the bank’s good banking practices and other financial services rendered to the municipality. As a significant banker across the three spheres of government in the country, Absa received confirmation that the existing contract with the municipality had been renewed for a further three years, covering the period 1 July 2012 to 30 June 2015. As part of the multi-million rand contract, Absa will provide the municipality with banking services, including the full management of bank accounts, cash management, financial management and handling of other related services. “Absa’s primary banking relationships with municipal clients has continued to increase over the last three years, and our strategy and intention is to grow our relationships with existing clients
Absa received confirmation that the existing contract with the municipality had been renewed for a further three years while acquiring new ones,” says Shiva Makotoko, head of Absa’s Public Sector. She adds that apart from providing banking services to municipal clients, Absa has been at the forefront of facilitating infrastructure funding needs in support of developmental initiatives taken by local government. This support spans across the entire spectrum of local government, encompassing small and medium municipalities and the larger metropolitans. Alternative sources of funding have been strongly promoted, wherein Absa’s corporate and investment banking division, Absa Capital, has facilitated a number of metropolitan municipalities in sourcing long-term funding in the municipal bond market. Absa is primar y banker to other key public sector clients, which include the City of Cape Town, Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality, Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality, as well as KwaZulu-Natal, the Nor thern Cape, the Eastern Cape and North West provincial governments.
E+I 17008
Eastern Cape Tel (041) 405-0100 bosunpe@bosun.co.za North West Province Tel (012) 250-1711 bosunbrits@bosun.co.za
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IMIESA MAY 2012
Murray & Roberts Construction, newly created by merging Murray & Roberts Construction and Concor, is one of the largest players in the African, Middle East and South East Asian construction sectors. The company of fers a range of engineering and contracting services that include civil, building and marine construction, roadworks, earthworks, engineering and opencast mining.
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EKURHULENI
DELIVERING ON ESSENTIAL SERVICES
Housing project receives water and sanitation Recent plans to deliver water and sanitation services to thousands of township residents have required expert coordination and engineering from a dedicated team of professionals. IMIESA takes a look at the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality’s Palm Ridge Extension 9 project.
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APID GLOBAL urbanisation means governments are reassessing how to meet increased urban densities while creating vibrant, healthy and sustainable environments. The provision of basic services to South Africa’s citizens is a key focus of our government. One such area in dire need of service delivery is the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality’s (EMM) Palm Ridge Extension 9. Located to the south of Palm Ridge extensions 1 to 8 and to the north of Kliprivier Drive (R550), many of Palm Ridge Extension 9’s citizens were
without bulk and internal water, sanitation, roads and stormwater. Global engineering, management and specialist technical services group Aurecon was appointed by EMM to undertake the preliminary, detail design, contract documentation and site supervision.
Scope of works Following the compilation of a master plan for the area by GLS, master plan consultants to the EMM, planning for three connections to the development from the proposed bulk water supply pipelines commenced, including:
• Connection from a new 600 mm diameter pipeline to be located to the northwest of the development, connecting Palm Ridge Extension 9 to the existing Eden Park Reservoir. • Connection from a proposed new 35 Mℓ Palm Ridge reservoir via a new 600 mm diameter pipeline, which traverses through the existing Palm Ridge township extensions and will feed the south-eastern portion of the development. • A 250 mm diameter pipeline from the existing Palm Ridge Township reticulation lines to feed the central portion of the development interlinking with the later 600 mm diameter pipeline. In addition to the bulk infrastructure listed above, a new pump station and pipeline from the existing Rand Water pipelines to the existing Palm Ridge Reservoir will also be required. Furthermore, the project included the design of all internal water and sewerage, which ultimately will service approximately 6 500 stands, and a bulk outfall sewer.
Overcoming project challenges “Although this sounds relatively straight-forward, it is everything but,” comments Aurecon technical director Chester Kan. He goes on to say: “In order to ensure that the roll-out of the infrastructure proceeded smoothly and can be closely monitored over such a vast area, Aurecon’s construction design followed a phased approach, to service these different phases.” LEFT Work in progress at Palm Ridge Extension 9
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EKURHULENI
“A further project complication is that Palm Ridge Extension 9 is adjacent to a wetland. Working together with town planners Urban Dynamics, Aurecon managed detailed geotechnical and environmental studies, and following the outcomes of these, had to amend its engineering and construction designs to ensure absolute sustainability and minimise any impact on the wetland. This also meant that water use licences had to be obtained” he adds.
Forward thinking Because populations are always expanding, placing even further strain on infrastructure, the proposed bulk water infrastructure has made provisions for the supply of the proposed Reitspruit and Waterval developments, as part of Palm Ridge Extension 9. In addition, the GLS master plan proposal has made provisions for the shortfall of the existing bulk infrastructure in the Palm Ridge Township as a whole. “Toilet tops have also been included in our planning to ensure that when the time comes for formal houses to be constructed in the
area, the current informal dwellings can be removed, with the infrastructure for toilets already in place,” reveals Kan.
Ensuring the strictest standards are met “The design of the bulk and sewer reticulation has been done according to the Guidelines for Human Settlement Planning and Design issued by the CSIR and the design standards and specifications approved by the EMM’s infrastructure services department,” says Kan. Coupled to this, the internal water and sewer reticulation was designed by a computer assisted civil designer programme to ensure the acute accuracy of all design details. Reservoir construction In addition to preliminary and detail design of the infrastructure referenced, Aurecon was also requested to provide a proposal for the construction of a new 35 Mℓ reservoir for the infrastructural upgrade and extension of Palm Ridge. “The proposed reservoir is a circular post-tensioned concrete reservoir of 60 m
diameter with a water depth of 12.5 m. The reservoir walls will be constructed of posttensioned concrete varying in thickness from 600 mm at the base to 400 mm thick at the top of the wall, while the reservoir floor will be constructed on a 175 mm-thick slab with under floor drainage for leak detection. Water tightness of the reservoir will be ensured by the use of water bars in all construction joints,” explains Aurecon engineer Geoff Green. To ensure that the geotechnical conditions are favourable for the construction of the reservoir, a detailed geotechnical investigation was undertaken. “Although completion of the project will take several months, the project has already served to unite the community in terms of a common goal of adequate service delivery. It is being funded by EMM and all representatives of the community, including ward councilors, are being extensively consulted to ensure thatt its implementation meets the consent of the community while complying with sound and innovative engineering principles,” concludes Kan.
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AREAS OF EXPERTISE • Roads and Stormwater. • Bulk water and sewage installations. • Water and Sewage reticulation networks. • EPWP Projects. • Structures and Buildings (Facilities) • Sport and Recreational Facilities. • Solid Waste Projects. • Community Centres. • Multi-Disciplinary Project Management. • Labour Intensive Projects. • Township Establishments and Housing Projects. • Railway Engineering Services. • Mining Infrastructure Projects. LEVEL 2 BBBEE PROCUREMENT CONTRIBUTER OFFICES: ALBERTON-Gauteng 118 Hennie Alberts Street Brackenhurst: PO Box 145851 Bracken Gardens 1452 Tel: 011 868 2494 Fax: 011 868 1348 E-mail: lekwainfo@civilnet.co.za
ERMELO-Mpumalanga 67 Fourie Street PO Box 1903 Ermelo 2350 Tel: 017 819 1985 Fax: 017 819 4017 E-mail: lekwa@civilnet.co.za
NEWCASTLE-Kwa-Zulu Natal 34 Paterson Street Newcastle PO Box 27 Newcastle 2940 Tel: 034 315 3232 Fax: 086 669 7533 E-mail: lekwa@civilnet.co.za
www.lekwaconsulting.co.za
EKURHULENI
IMPROVING PUBLIC SPACES
Bokkie Park upgrade Bokkie Park, a fun recreational facility in Ekurhuleni, is currently undergoing an approximately R2.5 million upgrade.
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HE INITIAL PLAN was for Bokkie Park in Boksburg to undergo a revamp of the braai facilities, animal pens and parking facilities over a five-phase upgrade period. But the upgrade of Bokkie Park will be carried out in three phases, and the new and improved recreational facility is expected to be ready in 2013/14. The construction phase of the project was implemented by Marina Landscaping, while Red Landscape Architects handled the various planning phases for the upgrade. Turf-Ag, importers and distributors of the industry’s most comprehensive range of products for the landscape, sports field, golf course and domestic markets, wase the main supplier on the project.
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Phase 1 of the project will include the replacement of all animal shelters, rehabilitation of the dam wall and new paved walkways. Phase 2, which rings in at a cost of R1 million, involves the upgrade and addition of lapas and ablution facilities. Phase 3 will be implemented during the 2013/14 financial year and will involve the upgrade of the kiosk, tea garden and irrigation system. Turf-Ag was also involved in the following projects for Ekurhuleni: • Bunny Park • Tsakane Park • Dries Niemand Park • Germiston Lake • President Dam.
EKURHULENI
CAPACITY INCREASE FOR THE EAST RAND
Upgrading Ekurhuleni’s water care works The SSI Engineers and Environmental Consultants/Palace Technologies JV has been involved in a few water and wastewater projects within the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality. IMIESA takes a look at two such projects: the Welgedacht and Hartbeestfontein water care works.
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OMMISSIONED BY ERWAT and undertaken by the SSI/Palace JV, the Welgedacht Water Care Works project: Drainage District 5 involves the design of a new 50 Mℓ/day capacity extension. Divided into three separate contracts, the project consists of: • a bulk earthworks/stone columns contract • a mechanical, electrical and instrumentation contract • a civils/building contract. “This project is unique in that, at some point, all three contracts will run simultaneously on site,” explains Ryan Botha, engineer and project manager at SSI. “For example, while a portion of Contract 1 is completed, the next contract will roll out. Contracts 2 and 3 will not be delayed due to work from the bulk earthworks. This process forms part of an integrated programme, which is being managed by SSI.” Estimated time for the bulk earthworks is around nine months and is expected to be awarded shortly. The tender for Contract 2 closes at the end of April with Contract 3 due to be advertised shortly thereafter. Welgedacht is currently operating at a design capacity of 35 Mℓ/d and the area not only has a high water table, but is also situated in an extreme dolomite area. The overall scope of works on the project for the JV team is as follows: • process design for the new extension in cooperation with ERWAT • concept design including positioning on the site and interlinking with the existing infrastructure • Environmental Impact Assessment in order to obtain a Record of Decision from the Gauteng Department of Agriculture Conservation and Environment in terms of the National Environmental Management Act • licence application to the Department of Water Affairs in terms of the National Water Act
• preliminary engineering design, including foundation investigations, process and hydraulic analysis and design • detailed engineering design • contract documentation, that is, procurement of the engineering works in accordance with ERWAT’s procurement policy as well as the involvement of ERWAT’s technical department • adjudication of construction tenders • supervision of construction work • preparation of operation and maintenance manuals • assisting with the commissioning and initial operation of the plant.
PROJECT TEAM – WELGEDACHT JV lead consultant: civil engineering and project management
SSI Engineers and Environmental Consultants
Mechanical, electrical and structural engineering
Palace Technologies
SUB-CONSULTANTS Process engineering
Sikhulile-Infratec Engineering Consultants (Sintec)
Instrumentation and control
Turgis Consulting
Geotechnical investigations
Jones & Wagener
Specialist geotechnical support
ARQ Consulting Engineers
Legal/contractual advice and support
Binnington Copeland and Associates
Independent EIA
Savannah Environmental
The Hartbeestfontein project Also situated in a highly dolomitic area, the Hartbeestfontein Drainage District 3 is similarly undergoing a 50 Mℓ/d capacity extension. A number of sites are been thoroughly investigated to determine where the full capacity
extension will best be built. Due to the fact that the existing Hartebeestfontein water care works is already under stress from high incoming flows, a short-term solution to extend the capacity of the plant was recommended to allow time for the site investigation to be completed. This project involves a 13 Mℓ/d capacity extension by way of the construction of two new final settling tanks. “For the long-term project, due diligence is being done by identifying three sites and carrying out the required environmental impact assessments. Dolomite stability risk assessments are also being undertaken at all three sites,” says Botha. As with the Welgedacht project, the SSI/ Palace JV services to be provided to the client (ERWAT) on the Hartbeestfontein plant include: process, concept, preliminary and detailed engineering design (including positioning of the site and interlinking with existing infrastructure), undergoing an EIA, acquiring the necessary licence, adjudication of construction tenders, supervision of construction work, and assisting with the commissioning and initial operation of the plant.
PROJECT TEAM – HARTBEESTFONTEIN JV lead consultant: civil engineering and project management
SSI Engineers and Environmental Consultants
Mechanical, electrical and structural engineering
Palace Technologies
SUB-CONSULTANTS Process engineering
Alexander Process Consulting
Instrumentation and control
Turgis Consulting
Geotechnical investigations
ARQ Consulting Engineers
Legal/contractual advice and support
Binnington Copeland and Associates
Independent EIA
Savannah Environmental
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INDUSTRY NEWS
ECSA to focus on increasing engineering student numbers The Engineering Council of South Africa (ECSA) has embarked on a research campaign, the results of which will aid in understanding the challenges preventing tertiary institutions from achieving higher pass rates in engineering bachelor’s degrees.
A
CCORDING TO RESEARCH conducted by the University of Cape Town’s Centre for Higher Education Development in 2007, roughly 54% of students completed a four-year Bachelor of Science Engineering (BSc Eng) degree after five years. This means that after five years there is a potential attrition of 46% of students who enrol for BSc Eng degrees. The percentage of students graduating from higher education institutions remains a cause
52
for major concern – more so because the Department of Higher Education and Training has set an aggressive target of 15 000 engineering graduates from the South African Higher Education system by 2014. Dr Oswald Franks, CEO of ECSA, says this research is significant as currently there are substantial costs incurred and resources wasted as the majority of students enrolling do not complete their degrees. Furthermore, he says that the universities that offer
engineering programmes are operating at maximum capacity but increased graduated
“We simply cannot afford to be losing these students,” says Dr Oswald Franks, CEO of ECSA output from the national university system will not be affected through increased intake of students.
IMIESA MAY 2012
EROSION PROTECTION SOLUTIONS
erosion protection paving
precast products concrete masonry drainage
kerbs
retaining walls
An engineered erosion solution that can withstand even the most severe climatic conditions. • Armorflex offers environmental protection • Labour intensive and cost effective • Complete erosion protection (even when placed under water) Tel: 0861266267 www.technicrete.co.za
PANEL INTRO
URBAN AND RURAL SERVICES
Efficient water and wastewater supply
S
EVERAL CRITICAL water catchments are recognised in South Africa as the country’s ‘water factories’, yet we still lack efficient water supply and proper sanitation services in both urban and rural areas. The provision of water services is essential, whether it involves water supply and sanitation schemes in remote rural areas or large regional schemes supplying water and wastewater services to people and industries in larger urban areas. While many of South Africa’s urban areas enjoy Blue Drop water supply,
the rural areas still present a major problem, making the implementation of sustainable rural water supply schemes essential. The costs of installing, operating and maintaining effective metering systems at rural water supply and sanitation schemes are widely regarded by municipalities as prohibitive, as the returns from marginal collections of funds at these schemes would not cover the running costs of the systems. Despite the issues surrounding water supply to rural areas, adequate sanitation services should be considered a basic human right regardless of how much it costs
By Candice Landie
municipalities to facilitate these services to the people. Urban areas, on the other hand, present thier own set of issues – in particular the ongoing inefficient metering and billing issues, as well as ageing infrastructure and catchment run-offs. Candice Landie facilitates this panel discussion, which focuses on efficient urban and rural water and wastewater supply. Read on to find out about the latest water storage facilities on offer, sewage management processes such as small package plants, efficient sanitation services in rural areas and ageing infrastructure.
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Since its inception at the beginning of July, the new IMIESA weekly e-newsletter is proving to be hugely popular, with a total of 5 640 subscribers already receiving their copy directly every week.
Su ubsscribe now to the weekly IMIESA e-new wsleƩer or the most up-to-daate news in the indu ustry! fo To subscribe e-mail unity@3smedia.co.za | Send your press releases & event information to richard@3smedia.co.za
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PANEL DISCUSSION
URBAN AND RURAL SERVICES NICO VAN SCHALKWŸK – General manager – WATSON-MARLOW BREDEL SA Q. What is WatsonMarlow Bredel (WMB) Pump’s core business function? NvS Watson-Marlow Bredel SA (W-MBSA) imports Bredel Peristaltic Hose pumps from the Netherlands and Watson-Marlow tube pumps from the UK and distributes in South Africa and the rest of Africa.
Rand Water is a valued customer of W-MBSA and it rates Bredel SPX pumps as “the most efficient for lime dosing applications”. Can you provide a brief overview of these SPX pumps, and what other products do
water utilities such as Rand Water frequently purchase from the company? Can you provide an overview of a Rand Water project where W-MBSA products were used? Bredel SPX pumps are accurate for dosing applications, are low maintenance and can run dry. Replace the hose or tube and you have a brand new pump. Other pumps are the WatsonMarlow 520 and 620 case drive pumps for dosing Polyelectrolyte, Ferric etc. with linear accuracy of 0.05% for the entire life of the pump. They offer easy maintenance and shor t downtime. Life cycle costs are very low compared to similar positive displacement pumps. We also offer excellent after-sales service.
What products are locally available from the company, and what guarantee do you offer? SPX40
Products available
Ease of maintenance is very important as you only have one part to change which is the element are the whole Bredel Industrial peristaltic range and the WatsonMarlow 500, 600 and 700 series of pumps. The Bredel SPX pumps carry a two-year warranty on the pump head and the standard manufacturer’s warranty for motor and gearbox. The Watson-Marlow 520, 620 and 720 series carry a five-year factory warranty on the drive and electronics.
What makes peristaltic pumps so popular – why are they hailed as the fastest-growing pump type? Watson-Marlow Bredel peristaltic pumps are popular due to the fact that they dose accurately, can run dry, can self-prime, can pump high specific gravity and high viscosity products and the product does not come into contact with the working parts of the pump – it stays inside the element. Ease of maintenance is very important as you only have one part to change which is the element (hose).
What is your global market share? Do you have any distributors? Watson-Marlow's global market share is more than 75%. We operate in all the major countries and distribute worldwide. In South Africa we have branches in Rustenburg, Durban and one is opening soon in Cape Town. We also have distributors in Barberton, Port Elizabeth, Welkom and Klerksdorp. We have official distributors in Botswana, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Zambia, DRC and Ghana.
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PANEL DISCUSSION
URBAN AND RURAL SERVICES GARY BROWN – TECROVEER Q. What are the challenges associated with providing water and wastewater services to rural communities? GB Providing sustainable and appropriate solutions to rural projects is arguably the biggest challenge and access to sites and ensuring that installed equipment is safeguarded against potential vandalism and theft also contributes to the success of a project. Achieving community buy-in to the project will go a long way in establishing successful execution, while knowledge transfer and empowerment is key in ensuring that the community is equipped to understand, manage and apply routine operation and maintenance of the installed equipment.
What projects that provide water and/or wastewater services to communities in rural areas has Tecroveer been involved in? Our array of technologies has been installed over a large portion of the rural areas in Southern Africa as well as the rest of Africa and the Indian Ocean Islands. Projects include installations for schools, clinics and hospitals, military bases and police stations, mining villages, hotels and resorts, and small communities and villages in rural and isolated areas. The scope of executed projects includes new installations, refurbishment of older installations and extensions to existing installations. Recent rural area projects include the refurbishment of Tecroveer Orbal basin installations and new Becon Bio-Filter units for small communities nestled in the Kou-Kamma and Mossel Bay Municipal areas respectively and new Becon Bio-Filter units
at various police stations and hospitals in the Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces. In addition, we are busy with a relatively big refurbishment project (360 m3/d) near Moeding in Botswana and a large extension for a mining village community area (180 m3/d) in Guinea, West Africa, for Rio Tinto.
What specific technology does Tecroveer use in such projects? Both the Tecroveer Orbal basin configured and Becon Bio-Filter RBC (rotating biological contactor) systems have been applied successfully, with the two technologies dove-tailing the required vol-
harvesting can be utilised to support the functioning of the system in producing a safe effluent that can be reused or discharged. The Volute® Dehydrator is proving to be popular with sludge dewatering in smaller applications as it has proven to be simple to manage and maintain, uses little power and can operate uninterrupted for long periods of time. This unit can be combined with sludge composting initiatives coupled with crop growing programmes in rural areas to ensure the effective execution of the composting programmes. Drinking water treatment comprises conventional flocculation, sedimentation and filtration or
We aim to keep the rural area technologies as simple as possible and steer away from sensitive automatic electronic controls
ABOVE A typical Becon BioTainer installation
ume of wastewater to be treated nicely. The RBC units are well proven to be adept to the changes associated with lower inflow volumes and varying organic load, with the smallest practical design being 15 m3/d. The activated sludge configured Orbal basin is very effective from around 300 m3/d upwards. Due to the low power requirement for a RBC unit, energy recovery from biogas
ultra-filtration utilising membranes and electrolysis methods. We have realised over the 35-odd years of servicing rural Africa that technology needs to be simple, robust and reliable in operation. We pride ourselves on the fact that we have working examples of our technologies still in place 25 years after being installed. This also bears testimony to our ‘lessons learnt’ philosophy where we commit our knowledge gained in the field to the ongoing development of our technologies.
How does the technology used in rural projects compare with that in urban areas? There is very little difference in the technologies we apply. We aim to keep the rural area technologies as simple as possible and steer away from sensitive automatic electronic controls and expensive componentry to ensure that theft and vandalism is not encouraged while presenting simple operating and maintenance routines for process controllers located in rural areas where support may be limited.
Overall, what are the services provided by Tecroveer for water and wastewater provision? Since we are an Own Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) company, we have multi-disciplinary capabilities in civil, electrical, mechanical and process design and engineering with in-house buying, estimating and administrative structures in support to ensure a full turnkey project implementation. We also offer the following services as individual activities: • water treatment plant audits and assessments aligned with Blue and Green Drop Certification requirements • planning and design of new plants • process performance-related troubleshooting • infrastructure audits for refurbishment, upgrading or extensions to existing plants • training, through accredited material and learnership programmes • monitoring and sampling through a SANAS-accredited laboratory, including interpretation and reporting for submission to the Department of Water Affairs.
IMIESA MAY 2012
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PANEL DISCUSSION
URBAN AND RURAL SERVICES GERALD BLACKBURN – General manager – GROUP FIVE PIPE Q. How did Group Five Pipe come to be? GB Group Five Pipe (G5P), which is a joint venture between Group Five Construction and Marine Civil, opened its first factory in Cape Town in 1991 for the manufacture of the Faure Water Pipeline, which was a 36 km pipeline from Stellenbosch to the Faure Water treatment plant and then onto Philippi. We then set up a factory in Gauteng in 1993 to supply pipes for Rand Water, and now we supply pipes for most of the water boards in South Africa. G5P not only makes pipes, but set up factories on a turnkey basis. We have a full in-house design team and, with the exception of the mill itself, we design and build most of the down-line handling and coating and lining equipment. Apart from our own plants, of which we have built a factory with one mill in Cape Town and another with two mills in Meyerton, we have also built a factory for Rand Water and another mill in Dammam, Saudi Arabia – for Group Five Pipe Saudi.
pipeline was a thin walled pipe – the body of the pipe was only 10 mm as it is a low pressure gravity pipeline. It was fitted with trapezoidal stiffeners at 3.2 m centres to strengthen the pipe against inward buckling if there is ever a vacuum in the pipeline. Pipes of this size are typically used by water authorities such as DWA (Department of Water Affairs), TCTA (Trans Caledon Tunnel Authority), or many of the water boards in South Africa, the largest being Rand Water. These pipelines are the main feeder pipelines which bring water from water catchment areas into the economic hub where it is then purified and distributed to end users via a maze of smaller pipes.
What quality testing does G5P conduct on its products? Pipes are tested in the factory to ensure compliance with client specifications. Apart from the obvious dimensional checks, steel thickness and steel strength are checked and pipes are physically pressure tested,
to between 75% that you can make and 90% of the any diameter yield strength of pipe, within of the steel, depending on the reason. Once you get larger clients specification. The welds than 3.5 m in diameter then are X-rayed to ensure they are transport becomes a limiting ‘defect free’. G5P is ISO 9001 factor. Smaller diameter pipes 2008 listed. are made Our pipes are by the ERW G5P manufactures also coated (Electric large bore spirally and lined for Resistance welded steel pipe that Welded) corrosion protection. is typically used for method but Different with these bulk water supply, systems are pipes, the but can be used in available but largest these days diameter construction the favoured pipe you coatings are either Bituguard, can make is a function of the which is a polymer modified width of plate you can purchase. bitumen, or polyurethane; and Where the ERW pipe range the favoured linings are either peaks, which is at a maximum solvent-free epoxy, polyurethane 600 mm diameter, the spiral or, in smaller diameter pipes, pipe starts. cement mortar lining is sometimes specified.
What are the advantages of G5P’s spirally welded pipe? The advantage of spirally welded pipe is
What types of pipes does G5P manufacture and in what projects have they been used? G5P manufactures large bore spirally welded steel pipe that is typically used for bulk water supply, but can be used in construction, for example as large diameter piles, with wall thickness up to 23mm, in marine and coastal structures. The smallest diameter pipe that we can economically supply is 650 mm and the largest we have ever produced was a 3 500 mm diameter pipe. We have in fact just completed manufacture of 8.6 km of 3 500 mm diameter pipe for Rand Water. That particular
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Secure containment of hazardous and toxic waste, raw water, potable water, effluent and sewage
AQUATAN – an SABS ISO 9001 company
For more than 40 years Aquatan has been providing innovative, cost-effective and turnkey solutions for liquid containment, based on state-of-the-art geomembrane lining technology. Single linings and multiple composite lining systems for hazardous liquid storage, solid waste containment, effluent ponds, floating cover and potable drinking-water reservoirs, sewage ponds, linings to tunnels and canals for infrastructural development, bund areas, raw and return water dams, tank linings for industry, dams for agriculture and aquaculture, ornamental lake and water features. Clean water dams, slimes dams and clear water dams.
For your geomembrane lining requirements please contact : Tel: +27 11 974 5271 • Fax: +27 11 974 4111 • aqua@aquatan.com • www.aquatan.com
PANEL DISCUSSION
URBAN AND RURAL SERVICES PIET MEYER – Managing director – AQUATAN Q. What is Aquatan’s core business function? PM Aquatan is a contracting company that has, for the past 46 years, supplied and installed geosynthetic products in a variety of applications in South Africa, Africa and abroad. Geosynthetics include: • geomembranes (HDPE, LLDPE, RFPP, Hyperliner, and so on.) • geotextiles (woven and nonwoven geotextiles) • geodrains (Hidrain and Geonets) • geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) • geocells • other variations within the broad definition of geosynthetics. Considering World water shortages already sighted by the USA and China beyond the next ten years the above materials are applied by Aquatan strictly in accordance with industry practice, installation methods and quality standards to meet Statutory Regulations and engineer’s design requirements to form a barrier. The barrier prevents liquids and solid wastes, ranging from potable water to the most hazardous liquids and waste produced by all sectors of the economy, from entering the groundwater. To provide our clients with peace of mind, Aquatan’s Internationally Certified Master Seamer crews are not only supported by civil engineering qualified contract managers with a combined service record of 44 years in the industry, but also with a project management software package enabling 100% traceability of all activities on site, a Quality
Control department, and advanced equipment. Aquatan is also the only company in South Africa that provides a geomembrane electric leak detection service to its clients.
With regard to water and wastewater, what services and technologies are available from Aquatan? Aquatan supplies and installs various geosynthetics to: • ordinary dams, slimes dams, landfills, leachate collection ponds, sewerage dams and others • cap waste facilities • construct floating cover reservoirs for storage of potable water, molasses, organic material and other compatible liquids • line leaking concrete reservoirs • line tunnels, shafts and pipes. A very exciting development is the patented Enhanced Barrier System (EBS) which involves the passing of a fluid under negative pressure through a permeable zone adjacent to the barriers (HDPE and/or GCL) to: • control the temperature resulting from exothermic reactions in the waste, to extend the barrier life • control the moisture to maintain the clay component hydrated and at the same time minimising cation exchange and avoiding desiccation • remove volatile organic compounds to avoid contamination of soil and groundwater. Aquatan also owns the unique leak detection equipment and operates a unique project management software package developed for the control of every
facet of large dam lining projects.
Can you outline the thickener tanks concept? Thickener tanks, normally, are large and circular concrete structures used to separate liquid and solids. Due to the size of these tanks they often are subject to vertical settlement along the perimeter of the vertical walls and the floors are subject to substantial differential settlement while the perimeter walls are often designed for various movements both inwards and outwards. These settlements affect the water-tightness of a concrete floor. Customary dam liner material would not be suitable. Hyperliner, due to its composition, accommodates differential and multi-axial movement and has extensive elongation characteristics prior to yield and break. An additional benefit of Hyperliner is that it can be adhered to a substrate using specific chemical components. It can also be joined to concrete through an extruded water bar that is manufactured of the same raw material. Its unique properties also make Hyperliner ideal to restore the water-tightness of aged concrete reservoirs. Aquatan has been lining thickeners for more than 30 years. An example of the technology, owned by Aquatan, is demonstrated in the following application of Hyperliner in a combination aerator and thickener facility for the secondary effluent treatment plant at Mondi in Richards Bay.
Can you briefly outline Aquatan’s involvement at the secondary effluent treatment plant at Mondi, Richards Bay? This is one of the largest plants
of its kind in the world – the 123.3 m diameter, 10.5 m high outer Aerator tank and 72 m diameter, 6.5 m high Thickener inner tank, with support infrastructure directing flow in and out of the secondary treatment tank for the treatment of pulp and paper wastewater. A conventional concrete floor would not have been feasible due to the substantial vertical and circular differential movement expected. Considering all of the above complications, it was evident that the normal dam lining materials would not be suitable. It was decided to use a specially formulated Hyperliner as a geomembrane liner. The 2.0 mm-thick liner rested on a 4 m-thick compacted sand backfill, 80 mm no fines and 20 mm-thick mortar topping, which was covered with an 80 mm reinforced concrete slab and was extrusion welded to the toe of the walls with a specially manufactured continuous Hyperliner rearguard waterbar strip with four protrusions. Jockey slabs were used to accommodate vertical movement and penetrating pipe supports were fully clad with Hyperliner. This single layer liner is responsible for the water-tightness of the structure. No leaks are experienced.
What projects/prospects are in store for Aquatan going forward? Aquatan is continuously involved in many projects involving the application of our liners to various facilities.We will be publishing technical bulletins on these projects as we go along. Please refer to our website www.aquatan.com for up-to-date information on projects.
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BTW Consulting (Pty) Limited PROFESSIONAL CONSULTING CIVIL ENGINEERING COMPANY civil engineering structural engineering geotechnical engineering process engineering water and wastewater management environmental management project management
EXPERTISE water treatment wastewater treatment solid waste disposal bulk services license and registration of water and wastewater plants permit applications for solid waste disposal sites water services development plans and water safety plans housing development township and the associated civil services development structural design of general steel and concrete structures water retaining structures flood line analysis environmental impact assessments networking with various specialists networking with various government departments
HEAD OFFICE IN MPUMALANGA eMahlahleni
Pretoria
Johannesburg
Velddrif
P.O. Box 13614 Leraatsfontein 1038 Tel: 013 697 6050 Fax: 013 697 6060 E-mail: basieb@btw.co.za
PostNet Suite 337 Private Bag X20009 Garsfontein, 0042 Tel: 087 150 5006 Fax: 012 991 6662 E-mail: basieb@btw.co.za
PostNet Suite 150 Private Bag X10030 Randburg 2125 Tel/Fax: 011 792 0862 E-mail: ilonkah@btw.co.za
PO Box 640 Velddrif 7365 Tel: 022 783 1663 Fax: 086 758 0517 E-mail: westcoast@btw.co.za
PANEL DISCUSSION
URBAN AND RURAL SERVICES JL (BASIE) BOUWER – Director – BTW CONSULTING Q. What is BTW’s core business function? JLB BTW Consulting is a professional consulting civil engineering company, providing services to the public and private sectors in South Africa. The company is registered with CESA (Consulting Engineers South Africa) and a member of various professional organisations. Its core business includes civil engineering, structural engineering, geotechnical engineering, process engineering, water and wastewater management, environmental management and project management. The emphasis is on water treatment, wastewater treatment, solid waste disposal, bulk services, licence and permit applications, water services development plans and water safety plans, housing development, township and the associated civil services development and inspections, structural design of general steel and concrete structures, water retaining structures, flood line analysis, environmental impact assessments, and networking with various specialists and government departments.
With regard to water and wastewater, what services and technologies are on offer? BTW is able to assist the client from the planning to the execution phase as well as the ongoing assessment, maintenance and operation of water and wastewater treatment plants. Ongoing training of staff ensures up-to-date knowledge of software, business principles and the technical aspects relating to projects. BTW as a consultant in these challenging environments always aims to merge the needs of people and the communities as identified by local government with the requirements of the
competent (relevant) authority which has the mandate to both deliver services and to protect the environment. Alignment of the strategic policies and legislation with projects • National and provincial government strategic documents and guidelines: For all projects and initiatives the guidance of the national and provincial government strategic documents and policies is seen as pivotal in ensuring that the principles of sustainable development are incorporated in the proposal, planning and implementing phases. • Local government documents and guidelines: On a local government level (district and local municipality) the development plans and policies are seen as important sources of information and identification of key areas and concerns of the community and all planning is done considering this background information. • Legislation is important to planning and excellence in service delivery: An understanding of the legislation and policies and its relation to sustainable development is considered to contribute to a principled approach in service delivery to the people in both rural and urban areas while maintaining and sustaining the ecosystems and natural resources for future generations. Expertise in water, sewage and solid waste: The following expertise is available in terms of the provision, evaluation, assessment, monitoring and implementing of water and sanitation services, including but not limited to: • knowledge of design, operation and management of treatment processes • situational assessment and
proposals for new infrastructure and/or distribution systems • status quo assessment of existing infrastructure and identification of upgrading requirements • trouble shooting and identification/evaluation of problem areas accompanied by functional solutions • process design/civil design reports • tender submission, evaluation and adjudication processes • geotechnical and geo-hydrological investigations • water use licenses in support of sewage treatment plants in terms of the Aide de Memoir • reticulation and distribution • flood lines and stormwater plans • water quality management reports • sludge management plans • monitoring plans and interpretation of water quality information • water services development and water safety plans • EIA reports.
Provide an overview of the type of water storage facilities on offer. The need for a water storage
facility depends on the need of the community and the context of the surrounding environment. Elevated or ground steel and concrete reservoirs are designed according to the availability of water and the specific needs of the community.
How does rural infrastructure development differ from urban, and what engineering services do BTW offer? Comprehensive engineering solutions for various infrastructure developments are available to address the different needs of both the urban and rural communities. Before the technology selection process takes place, the specific socio economic studies and associated guidelines relevant to the specific provinces are taken into account. The guidelines typically address the educational status, willingness to pay, impact of human activity on the water quality, community participation and, importantly, water demand and management. Ongoing storage and distribution network maintenance programmes and solutions can be provided.
ABOVE Waterval Boven wastewater treatment plant – eMakhazeni Local Municipality, Mpumalanga
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“Leaders in providing solutions related to the optimal planning and management of water and sewer reticulation systems�
OUR CLIENTS Johannesburg Water City of Tshwane City of Cape Town Ekurhuleni
Metropolitan Municipality Buffalo City Emfuleni Municipality All the municipalities in the Western Cape Province Randfontein LM Midvaal LM Lesedi LM Renosterberg LM Ubuntu LM Emthanjeni LM Siya Themba LM
Phone +27 21 880 0388 Fax +27 21 880 0389 Email info@gls.co.za
www.gls.co.za
PANEL DISCUSSION
URBAN AND RURAL SERVICES HANRÉ STREICHER – Director – GLS CONSULTING Q. What is GLS’s core business function? HS Performing master planning of existing water distribution and sewer reticulation systems is GLS’s core business function. GLS operates in a niche market while providing a specialist service related to the optimal analysis, planning and management of these water-related systems. GLS also applies high-level technology in related areas of engineering, such as the development of water demand management strategies, performing of analyses for the purposes of pipeline replacement prioritisation and quantifying pertinent parameters required for the purposes of asset management.
With regard to water and wastewater, what services and technologies are available from GLS? GLS has an in-house software development team which continuously maintains and customises its unique software used in compiling these management information systems (MIS). The services include the following: Water and sewer system modelling and master planning: data capturing and system modelling, evaluation of system hydraulic performance, optimised master planning based on anticipated future growth, evaluation of proposed development impact, quantification of parameters required for asset registers and applied in asset management. Water demand management (WDM) strategy development: water demand statistics analysis, water balance and nonrevenue water (NRW) studies, water and sewer tariff analysis, identification of water loss
reduction and demand management strategies. Water and sewer pipe replacement prioritisation (PRP) analysis: identification of parameters related to probability and consequence of failure, allocation of weights to parameters per component, performing of risk calculation per individual and groups of pipes, ranking each pipe in the system for replacement purposes.
information to cadastre, water demand and sewer flow analysis, calculation of NRW, compilation of strategy and master plans, and reporting.
Can you give me a brief overview of the scope of work involved in GLS’s master planning for the public sector, that is, what steps go into putting together plans for municipalities?
GLS has mainly been involved in urban master planning to date, although a number of smaller rural water and sewer systems have been incorporated. The design criteria and principles for urban systems compared to rural systems are similar for water and waterborne sewer systems.
The scope of the projects includes
How does rural infrastructure development differ from urban, and what services does GLS offer?
GLS has an in-house software development team which continuously maintains and customises its unique software used in compiling these MIS the following: data capturing and verification, system calibration and hydraulic modelling, establishing an interface between the hydraulic model and treasury database, linking of consumer
Rural sewer reticulation systems could, however, include alternative solutions of a lower level of service, that is, conservancy tanks, ventilated pit latrines and so on.
What projects/ prospects are in store for GLS going forward? The largest projects undertaken by GLS are the master planning performed for the four South African metros we are presently involved with: the City of Tshwane, Johannesburg Water, Ekurhuleni and City of Cape Town. Also worth a mention is the fact that GLS’s master plans are in place in the entire Western Cape Province, that is, all 24 municipalities which entail 144 towns. Master planning is a dynamic process that requires regular updating as the network parameters and planning scenarios change. In going forward, GLS would ‘stick to its game plan’, which includes the following: • pursuing new business (water and sewer master plans) • updating existing master plans • training clients to operate and prepare inputs towards the MIS • performing capacity analysis for ad hoc development proposals • adding value by performing master planning related services, namely WDM, PRP, water quality modelling, asset management and other solutions.
RIGHT Computer analysis software indicating water distribution zones
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C O M P L E T E P I P E J O I N I N G S O L U T I O N S F O R WAT E R T R A N S P O RTAT I O N
PANEL DISCUSSION
URBAN AND RURAL SERVICES BARRY VAN JAARSVELD – Regional sales manager South Africa – VICTAULIC Q. What is Victaulic’s core business function? BvJ Victaulic innovation began in 1925 with the first grooved-end mechanical pipe joining technology. Since then, we have been striving to give a single source solution to the rigorous demands of the piping industry. Active on different markets, such as commercial buildings, power and municipal, we work closely with facility owners, engineers and contractors to make pipe joining faster, easier and more economical. To achieve this, we focus on research, development and product innovation, and help our customers compress project schedules, reduce on-site risk, improve productivity and facilitate system maintenance and expansion.
With regard to water and wastewater, what products and services are available from Victaulic? The Victaulic patented Advanced Groove System (AGS) range for larger diameter pipe-joining – AGS offers a full range of couplings, fittings, valves and accessories from 350 to 1 525 mm (14 to 60 inches) and installs without the need for hot works. The robust two-piece housing of the rigid and flexible couplings offers exceptional assembly speed and installs metal-to-metal for visual inspection of a proper joint. The deeper wedge-shaped groove enhances strength and increases coupling to pipe engagement. Additional benefits of the AGS range are the ease of system retrofit and reduced downtime during system maintenance. The Victaulic installation-ready range of flexible and rigid couplings are up to 10 times faster to install than other joining methods and offer major time savings. Victaulic patented installationready couplings provide fast, easy
pipe connections, without the need to disassemble the coupling prior to installation and no loose parts to lose or drop. The single unit design allows an installer to join pipes by simply inserting the coupling onto the grooved end of a pipe, fitting, valve or accessory and tightening the nuts.
Can you tell me more about your large diameter water piping systems? Some of the key benefits of employing Victaulic products include: • Faster project completion: since grooved couplings install five times faster than welded joints and three times faster than flanged
• Installation in confined spaces: Victaulic products have a much smaller footprint than flanges and are ideally suited to be employed in piping systems in confined spaces in both urban and rural regions. Unlike welding, where field mate-up issues can mean extensive and expensive rework, Victaulic grooved couplings allow for a full 360 degree rotation of the pipe and system components before tightening, so that proper alignment can be achieved in the field. Since Victaulic grooved systems also feature a lower profile when compared to flanged systems,
BELOW Victaulic products are ideally suited for water transportation piping systems
• Fewer man-hours = reduced total installation cost: Victaulic estimates that jobs requiring welding applications demand up to 45% more man-hours on average over Victaulic no-flame piping solutions. Average construction costs can be as much as one-third higher than when using Victaulic products, since welding requires high-skilled labour, is more time demanding and often requires digging foxholes. Victaulic products can be installed easily and do not require special skills or site preparation.
grooved piping systems can be installed in closer proximity to one another. Victaulic grooved systems are installed without the use of flame or fume, which is of critical importance when installing piping systems in confined spaces or dry climates. Victaulic products are designed to last the life-time of the system.
What projects are in store for Victaulic? One of the many projects relying on Victaulic large diameter products is a 4 km, 900 mm
diameter penstock pipe line. With terrain up to 84% grade, and the project situated in the Pacific Rim Rainforest, the traditional method of welding the penstock would have been very challenging and staying on schedule would have been next to impossible. Since Victaulic couplings could be installed with no special requirements, crews were able to proceed without costly delays. The tents required when welding were eliminated and the amount of excavation, bell holing and dewatering was reduced. In addition, the two-piece housing design of the Victaulic AGS couplings ensured fast and easy installation that could be visually inspected. By installing Victaulic products, specialised personnel required to weld and x-ray the joints were not needed. Another project, taking advantage of the benefits of installing Victaulic products, is the Sedibeng 300 mm diameter water pipeline in Springbok. Victaulic couplings were installed for their ease and speed of installation. The contractor was able to join two pipe spools in only 10 to 12 minutes and with an average of 25 joints a day.
What is the company’s market share and how long has it been in existence? Victaulic was founded in 1925 and is the world’s leading producer of mechanical pipe joining systems. Headquartered in Pennsylvania, USA, we have manufacturing and distribution facilities worldwide and has a further growing sales force in South Africa.
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IMESA
Past presidents of IMESA President of IMESA, Jannie Pietersen, and his wife Penny recently visited four past presidents: Eric Hall, Donald Macleod, John Marshall and Maurice Pollet.
Past president Eric Hall unstructured training by senior staff in areas such as surveying, levelling and the preparation of profiles for the design of sewers, suburban roads, stormwater and similar services. Essentially, these individuals were the forerunners of the technicians and technologists who appeared later in the 60s.
Past president Donald Macleod
A H
ALL WAS BORN in Durban in 1920 and studied civil engineering at the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits). During the Second World War, he served in the South African Engineers’ Corps from 1940 and was discharged with the rank of Captain in 1945. His achievements have been recognised on several occasions throughout his distinguished career, including the Gold Medal of the SAICE (South African Institution of Civil Engineering) in 1992. He served as president of IMESA in 1981. Hall had many interesting reminiscences to share about the early years of engineering training in Johannesburg. In the 30s, the focus was on training new engineering graduates, who were employed as trainees and required to follow a two-year training course in all engineering fields, as practised in the civil engineering branches of roads and stormwater, sewerage and sewage disposal, water supply and structures such as bridges, buildings, reservoirs, water towers, etc. There was a bursary scheme to Wits for selected school leavers, combined with practical training experience. After six years, the successful bursary holders graduated and entered two years of practical training. They were then eligible for associate membership of the Institution of Civil Engineers or, later, of the UK Institution of Municipal Engineers. At the time, the bachelor’s degree offered by Wits was aimed at general education, with only a few specialised courses on structures and hydraulics. There was no title or class of technicians and no structured training programme for anyone other than graduates and undergraduates. The design branch was made up of engineers and an approximately equal number of engineering assistants (comprising an important group of draughtsmen or, occasionally, experienced artisans) who were given
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T THE TIME OF the centenary of the Durban City Engineers’ Department in 1982, Donald Macleod was city engineer and director of Forward Planning. In the foreword to a commemorative publication of 1982, he provided fascinating insights into what it is like to serve in the role of city engineer of Durban and paid tribute to his predecessors who had served since the first borough engineer took office in 1882. He noted: “Unless one has been closely involved in the planning and development of a large city and in the operation and maintenance of a vast array of essential services, one cannot fully appreciate either the scope of what is involved or the immense demands made on the person charged with the ultimate responsibility for these aspects of city life.” By 1982, the rapid technological advances that had taken place in all fields of municipal engineering had given the Durban City Engineers’ Department the means by which to keep pace with the city’s ever-growing requirements. However, Macleod also highlighted a major challenge of the time, namely the department’s difficulty in maintaining the requisite workforce in the face of stiff competition for trained staff. It is interesting to note how this challenge has not changed – engineering is still regarded as a scarce skill in South Africa. Macleod also spoke of what an honour it had been to serve IMESA as its president. His year in office had given him a better understanding of how the institution was able to apply the knowledge and expertise of its members in order to improve the condition of residents living in towns and cities throughout the country.
IMESA
The reason for the visits was to present the four past presidents with complimentary copies of the book Reflections 2011, which was compiled by Professor Johannes Haarhoff and launched at the Jubilee Conference in October 2011. They were delighted to receive the gift, which stimulated some interesting and entertaining reflections of their own.
Past president John Marshall
O
N LOOKING AT THE photograph of the first Executive Committee of IMESA (1958/1959), Marshall commented that he must have been amongst the first group of people that was canvassed to join the fledgling institute. Marshall was approached by JJ van Tonder, for whom he was working in Brakpan at the time. He got to know many
of the original committee members during the 50s when he worked as assistant to the secretary of TACTE (Transvaal Association of City and Town Engineers). The association met monthly in Johannesburg. After lunch there was often a film show on a topical subject. During the heat of summer (there was no air conditioning), it was difficult to stay awake at times – some members snored loudly, while others nodded politely! The main topics of discussion at the time were the lack of progress with the drafting of the National Building Regulations, together with the endless clashes between town clerks and town engineers. On one occasion, while the association was discussing the Building Regulations, someone remarked that no progress would ever be made because a retired engineer had been appointed “and a retired engineer is a tired engineer”! On another occasion, sewage disposal was on the agenda. Someone remarked that they should use the Egyptian method: “You kick it around until you lose it!” Marshall thanked Jannie and Penny for the trouble they took to visit him at home in order to present the book and the photograph, both of which are greatly appreciated.
Past president Maurice Pollet
P
OLLET COMMENTED THAT there had been many high points during his term on the executive council, but singled out two for particular mention. The first was the establishment of the Western Cape branch of IMESA, which he went on to chair for 10 years until retirement. The second highlight of his term was the consolidation of ties between IMESA and the IFME, which he notes with pleasure have strengthened even further over time. Although Pollet has been retired for 11 years, he has stayed abreast of developments in IMESA. He congratulated all members who have helped to take IMESA to ever greater heights, paying particular tribute to Jannie Pietersen for setting a new and very high standard for future presidents: “Not only has he surely been a driving force in the production of a book detailing IMESA’s progress through the ages, but he has also taken the trouble to call on every past president who was unable to attend the 2011 Annual Meeting of IMESA, in order to chat with them and to hand them copies of the magnificent book Reflections 2011. Jannie and his charming wife called on me at my home in remote Durbanville. I was delighted and greatly impressed by them both and
by the trouble they had taken. IMESA, under Jannie, is in good hands.” Finally, Maurice wishes IMESA every success, particularly with regard to the boosting of job creation in South Africa: “To all members of IMESA: South Africa needs you!”
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IMESA
A journey through IMESA’s coffee table book, Reflections 2011, was launched at last year’s conference to coincide with the institute’s Golden Jubilee celebrations. Last month IMIESA featured Part 1 of a series overview of the book. Here is the second instalment.
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HE BOOK PROVIDES a comprehensive history of IMESA from its founding through to its standing today. The author, Prof Johannes Haarhoff, has combined his 35 years of experience in engineering and his passion as a historian to outline, in great detail, various insights into the history of municipal engineering. This article is the second of a series outlining the content of the book.
Formation of an African District The majority of municipal engineers in South Africa at the turn of the 20th century came from England. Mining activities at the time drew large numbers of engineers to the country during the 1880s and 1890s, and many more arrived during and after the South African War of 1899 to 1902. By 1904 there were enough engineers resident in the country to consider the formation of an African District of the Association of Municipal and Sanitary Engineers. This marked the official beginning of institutional arrangement that led to the IMESA that is known today. The revolutionary changes in municipal government and public health in England created a demand for municipal engineers – an engineering professional who had to deal with the new, complex and multi-disciplinary problems of large urban concentrations. The radical reforms required raised controversy and resistance from the public, to the extent that early municipal engineers had to be legally protected from unfair dismissal. When legal protection fell away, the long-protracted
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IMESA
IMESA: Reflections efforts towards its restoration eventually led to the formation of a professional organisation for municipal engineers.
The first conference (1921) The First World War disrupted all activities as the Union of South Africa has to deal with a rebellion, military campaigns in the then South West Africa and Tanganyika, as well as contribute to the theatre of war in Europe. It stood to reason that TW Stainthorpe, secretary of the district association, did not see fit to arrange a conference during this period. The African District had to wait more than 15 years before conditions allowed an inaugural conference. The first conference held by the African District in June 1921 heralded a new era for the fledgling daughter of the parent institution. This established a forum for the exchange of ideas that was eagerly grasped by the municipal
engineers in South Africa who had been dealing with the technical consequences of rapid urbanisation amid similar prejudices as their British counterparts 50 years previously. The need and usefulness of the conferences are underscored by the immediate decision to have annual conferences from that point on, a resolution that was diligently kept throughout the difficult years of the Great Depression, only to be interrupted for a single year in the midst of the Second World War. During the 1921 Johannesburg meeting, two important decisions were made. The first was that the affairs of the African District should be managed by an elected executive committee to take over the management of the African District after almost 15 years of almost solitary
ABOVE Prof Johannes Haarhoff, author of Reflections, signs a copy of the book for Debbie Anderson of IMESA head office at the 75th IMESA Conference and Exhibition
effort by TW Stainthorpe. The second decision was that the African District should convene regular conferences. This immediately became the flagship event of South African municipal engineering. From 1921 to 2011, an annual meeting was held every year with the single exception of 1942, when the war effort prohibited the hosting of a conference.
IMIESA MAY 2012
Refelections
An
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journey through time
We take this opportunity to invite you to purchase this collectors item: Contact IMESA at 0312 66-3263f or more info.
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PROJECT NEWS
Sustainable development in
The concept of developing a shopping mall in the Greater Edendale area of Msunduzi began in 2006. It was met with eager support, but there was one fatal flaw – there was a wetland system on site. Jessica Brislin: Msunduzi Municipality Craig Cowden: GroundTruth
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HIS BASICALLY rendered the site unsuitable for development and therefore commercial use. With very few other alternatives, the development team had to go back to the drawing board and consider their options. They decided to purchase the adjacent property (formerly housing the Qokololo Soccer Stadium) and have their team of planners and specialists rework the layout for the second time. The environmental process was approved, inter alia, on the basis that the wetland adjacent to the site be rehabilitated to an appropriate functional state. While this came with serious time and cost implications, the wetland consultants and developers have seen the process through very effectively. The revised layout plan, which accommodated the wetland and the rehabilitation thereof, was put to Msunduzi Council, the Department of Agriculture, Environmental Affairs and Rural Development, Duzi-uMgeni Conservation Trust (DUCT) and various other NGOs and stakeholders. It was finely tweaked and in 2010 was eventually approved in terms of Environmental Impact Assessment regulations and the Development Facilitation Act. Construction commenced shortly afterwards and today it stands tall in what is becoming a bustling development node. As a result, all
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involved in this flagship development have learnt many lessons.
Sustainability The definition of sustainable development is that which is socially, environmentally and economically balanced and ultimately does not take from the needs of future generations. The Greater Edendale Mall (GEM) development is one such example. The points below highlight the various ways in which sustainability principles have been met. Importantly, the authors wish to highlight the innovation adopted when it came to ‘accommodating’ environmental imperatives and legal requirements: • Socially: Edendale is a historically disadvantaged area with a lack of commercial enterprises and job opportunities. The community members have, until recently, had to travel tens of kilometres just to get to an ATM (automated teller machine) or to betterpriced stores located in the city centre. In terms of local job creation, the procurement of local labour has been extremely successful – there were 1 000 jobs available – with about 1 400 CVs having been received. In addition, the Ashdown stadium is being revamped as a means of compensating for the loss of the Qokololo Stadium.
• Economically: This development has not only resulted in job creation and local economic development, but is (and will be) welcoming more development into the area as a future development node. Several local entrepreneurs have their stores located in the mall, coupled with a suite of large and very popular anchor tenants. • Environmentally: The nature of the site, within the middle of dense housing and infrastructure, was faced with a number of limitations and challenges, thus in terms of wetland rehabilitation efforts, a local consulting company specialising in wetland rehabilitation was appointed. GroundTruth, comprising ecologists, water specialists and environmental engineers, worked tirelessly to secure a healthy and functional wetland habitat of 2.4 ha in size. The challenges on site were overcome using innovative environmental engineering. Infield planning was undertaken to gain an understanding of the site and insights into the requirements of the system. The appropriate measures/interventions were then determined, aligning with the aims and objectives of the rehabilitation plan and the proposed desired state for the wetland. The historical problems of the wetland/site had to be
PROJECT NEWS
Msunduzi Municipality
addressed as part of the rehabilitation process. The initial steps included the deactivation of the drainage network and the diversion berms, and removing the fill material. Stone masonry interventions and drop-inlet structures were used in various portions of the wetland to assist in the controlled flow of water entering and exiting the system. The main access point to the GEM was also used as an artificial control point allowing the wetland to comprise of separate portions with different longitudinal slopes. A mosaic of habitats was therefore encouraged across the wetland, using different engineering approaches and an open body of water. The open body of water serves a dual purpose in that it not only provides habitat for different faunal species, but also assists in addressing E. coli by using ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Even though the construction of the wetland has been completed, work on the wetland will be ongoing (primarily with reference to monitoring) for the next couple of years. The monitoring and observations are in line with the environmental authorisation and water use licensing, and include: • water quality parameters • water depth with the soil profile • vegetation composition • fixed point photography. Further funds were also given to DUCT for rehabilitation efforts in the Msunduzi catchment (primarily for erosion and alien plant control). Several other conditions were put in place in the Record of Decision, including the implementation of green building design and this is evident in various elements of the building such as: • the natural light on the interior of the building by means of skylights
• the reuse of rubble from the Qokololo stadium • natural ventilation (not all of it is air conditioned) • thermal insulation in the roofs to minimise heat gain • 100% indigenous landscaping
Developing in a sustainable manner, particularly using the environment to provide beneficial services, is a difficult aspect to incorporate in any development. What made the GEM such a successful development is
The open body of water not only provides habitat for different faunal species, but also assists in addressing E. coli by using ultraviolet radiation • no hazardous materials such as lead, asbestos or PCBs used • volatile organic compounds in the finishes such as paints, adhesives, sealants and flooring was avoided • energy efficiency in terms of the artificial lighting (use of sub-metering, motion sensors) • inclusion of recycling bays • comprehensive public transport facilities • water efficiency (the taps used in the public toilets are demand taps, thus reducing usage).
mostly the collaboration of the various sectors throughout the development phase. This development has been important from an advocacy and best practice perspective, and it shows that private developers nowadays are having to (and notably in this case, the McCormick’s were willing to) come to the party and do their bit for the environment – even at a cost. The services that the environment is able to render are not easily quantified; however, the benefits will be reaped by the surrounding community.
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PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
Age of ‘ageless’ meter heads The international launch of a domestic water meter that has no moving parts – and which the manufacturer, the global Sensus group, claims does not age – has brought watermetering technology to high levels of performance and energy-conservation.
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HE REVOLUTIONARY iPERL electronic meter replaces conventional water meter technology with a sensor network that delivers a continuous, real-time stream of information and data on consumption and system per formance, while at the same time identifying water loss through leakage and tampering. The London unveiling of the meter to the
acclaim of an audience of metering experts from around the world heralded “a new age of water meters designed to meet the opposing demands of increasing water consumption and the need for more disciplined water conser vation,” according to Basil Bold, managing director of Sensus South Africa. The iPerl has been called a revolutionary tool to reduce non-revenue water loss
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PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
Air valves for Jordanian pipeline DFC Water has completed the supply of nearly 900 Vent-O-Mat air release and vacuum valves to the Disi-Mudawarra water scheme in Jordan.
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HE VALVES WILL BE installed along the project’s 325 km pipeline to protect it against potentially damaging water surge, air build-up or vacuum as it carries water to the capital, Amman, which is currently suffering water shortages and an intermittent supply. The water will be extracted from Jordan’s ancient Disi aquifer in the southern region of Mudawarra, providing Amman with 100 million cubic metres a year – one third of the city’s requirements by 2013. Forecasters estimate the non-renewable resource will viably generate water for at least 50 years. The Vent-O-Mat valves supplied to this project come from a range that is generally recognised as the leader in terms of useful life and pipeline protection. Vent-O-Mat valves for the Disi-Mudawarra scheme range in diameter from 50 to 300 mm, and were manufactured by DFC Water over a period of four months.
ABOVE Vent-O-Mat production manager, Lucas Venter, with valves prior to shipment to Jordan
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PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
Alice to Fort Beaufort road reseal
Socioeconomic growth is at the heart of a new provincial roads initiative that aims to create opportunities for emerging contractors in the civils sector.
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HE THREE-YEAR PROGRAMME commenced in the second half of 2011 and is being managed jointly by the Eastern Cape Department of Public Works and the Coega Industrial Development Corporation, which has awarded a series of work packages to successful bidders. One such contractor is Kubela-Meladi Civil Construction, which has completed an Eastern Cape road upgrade along Route 63 (R63) between the towns of Fort Beaufort and Alice. Kubela-Meladi’s newly acquired Cat paving fleet, which included the first Cat AP300 model asphalt paver to see service in South Africa, were employed on site. The balance of the new Cat units comprise a PM102 cold planer (with a maximum cutting depth of 305 mm), a CB434 double drum roller and a Cat PF300C pneumatic tyre compactor, which all worked together to restore the R63 to world-class pavement standard. Along the R63, Kubela-Meladi’s PM102 performed the lion’s share of the milling work, with a Cat skid steer fitted with a cold planer attachment used for small patch repairs,
precisely removing the existing asphalt prior to resurfacing. “Along the route we milled to a maximum depth of 150 mm and then replaced with a 110 mm BTB (Bitumen Treated Base), followed by a 40 mm asphalt wearing course topped with a single seal,” explains John Aphane, head of Kubela-Meladi. Bitumen was sourced from a supplier in East London, some 150 km away, requiring careful logistical planning to keep up with the Cat AP300’s high work rates. Equally adept at new construction, resurfacing and maintenance tasks, Kubela-Meladi’s AP300 (a tripleaxle wheel-type asphalt paver)
ABOVE The Cat AP300 incorporates dual operator stations that can be positioned either side beyond the machine frame for greater visibility when precise paving control is required BELOW Precise mix delivery and productivity through an advanced material handling system promotes hands-free operation, maintaining an uninterrupted flow of material from the 3.8 m³ hopper to the screed
was fitted with the Cat AS3173 screed. Standard paving widths ranged from 1.7 to 3.2 m, extending up to a maximum of 4 m with mechanical extensions added to both sides, the option chosen for Kubela’s unit. Screed camber adjustment percentages can be preset from -2.5 to +4.5. Commenting on the machine set-up, Barloworld Equipment, Cat sales professional Robert Welcome says the AP300 was the optimal choice for Kubela-Meladi’s current contracts. “Typical road widths are 7 m, enabling Kubela’s AP300 to comfortably work in 3.5 m widths,” Welcome explains.
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PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
Products used for multi-billion rand fuel pipeline Products supplied by Chryso South Africa are playing important roles in the concrete mix for the foundation anchors of fuel storage tanks, as well as the slabs surrounding the tanks on Transnet’s New Multi-product Pipeline (NMPP) project.
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HE MULTI-BILLION rand NMPP project is the largest single capital investment project undertaken in the histor y of Transnet. It encompasses the construction of a new pipeline from Durban to Jameson Park (in Heidelberg) that transports refined petroleum products from refineries in Durban, as well as imports of refined petroleum products from the new storage facilities at Island View in the Port of Durban where Terminal 1 of the NMPP project is currently under construction. The new 24-inch (609 mm) diameter pipeline covers 550 km from Island View to an inland fuel terminal (Terminal 2) now under construction at Jameson Park, near Heidelberg, Gauteng. From the Jameson Park terminal, fuel will be further distributed along a new 16-inch (406 mm) pipeline infrastructure that runs via distribution depots at Alrode to Langlaagte in Johannesburg, a distance of about 160 km. A joint venture between Arup and Worley Parsons was awarded the engineering, procurement and construction management (EPCM) contract for the NMPP. The coated line pipes were supplied by South Africa’s Impumelelo Pipeline JV. Another joint venture between South Africa’s Group Five Construction and France’s Spiecapag handled the construction of the pipeline, while Group 5 Construction has the contract for construction of the pipeline pump stations and two terminals under the management of the EPCM partner, Arup Worley Parsons. Mirek Paczynski, site agent for Group Five Civil Engineering, says about 50% of the R700 million civil engineering requirements of the
BELOW An aerial view of the inland fuel terminal now under construction near Heidelberg
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Terminal 2 contract has been completed. Civils work, involving 800 site workers, began in 2010 and is scheduled for completion in 2013. Transnet’s new pipeline, buried 2.5 m underground, will replace the 12 inch-diameter Durban-Johannesburg Pipeline (DJP) a 45-year-old pipeline nearing the end of its design life and capacity. On commissioning, the new pipeline will have more than double the capacity of the DJP and can move approximately 8 billion litres of fuel per year to supply the interior’s growing demand. It will cross over 100 water ways and traverse steep terrain, including up and over the Van Reenen area. On completion, the NMPP will be the largest multi-product pipeline in the world, with a design lifespan in excess of 50 years.
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Grease and oil separators for water purification In a bid to minimise contamination of water and encourage retention and purification of clean water supply, Rocla Southern Africa and Alltrap Engineering have introduced an array of separators, filters and purifiers for grease, oil and petrochemical applications.
R
OCLA HAS DESIGNED a full range of concrete tanks to suit the specifications of the ecoTechnic® products on offer. The product range includes ecoLine_b, ecoSep, ecoStop and ecoSorp for a diverse range of oil spill and purification applications. ecoLine_b is a cost-effective unit designed to separate non-emulsified light liquids or low-water soluble fluids with a specific gravity below 0.95, which includes gasoline, diesel, heating oils and other mineral oils from effluent discharge. The filter works on a two-step separation process, including gravity separation and coalescing media elements. The ecoLine_b unit separates the oil/petrochemical waste which accumulates on top of and in direct contact with the water awaiting removal by an oil recycler.
ecoSep is a top-line separator that exceeds the strict European standards for per formance. Combined with long maintenance intervals and low waste-disposal costs, this separator is a very good investment providing clean water that surpasses today’s environmental standards. ecoSorp is a hydrocarbon adsorbing system designed to remove small amounts of light liquids from the effluent. This is the last element of a purification chain consisting of a grit chamber and an ecoSep oil and water separator. ecoStop is a petroleum spill control system designed for any facility or site where the potential for a petroleum spill exists. This system is installed in-line and downstream from any segregated petroleum containment drainage area. The ecoSep system comes standard with an ecoStop unit included.
The product range is suitable for a diverse range of oil spill and purification applications
Culverts & Wingwalls that last for more than a lifetime The world is changing around us - everyday. Technological advances demand ongoing upgrades and solutions, upkeep and maintenance, but not ROCLA Culverts and Wingwalls. Superb design and leading-edge manufacturing processes ensure that ROCLA provides truly permanent Culvert and Wingwall solutions. ROCLA Culverts and Wingwalls are maintenance-free and never require upgrading – if it’s not broken, why fix it? ROCLA is ISO 9001/2008 certified and has the SABS mark of approval on all applicable products.
ROCLA
OUR DIFFERENCE IS CONCRETE Murray &Roberts A Murray & Roberts Company
IMIESA MAY 2012
83
Contact ROCLA now on Tel: (011) 670-7600 or Fax: (011) 472-2141 Web: www.roclaproducts.co.za
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
Ditch the toolbox With Marley Equator’s intelligent push-fit system, all you need to fit Marley Equator is a pipe cutter.
I
N FACT, WITH this state-of-the-art PE-X plumbing system, no pipe benders, flux, solder or naked flames are required at all. Even cutting Marley Equator pipe only takes a few seconds. “The workability of the Marley Equator system is great,” says qualified plumber and business owner Patrick Sylvester. Sylvester explains that he has saved significant time by being able to plumb the Marley Equator pipe from one point to the next without the need for couplers or any special adaptors. “In addition, the Marley Equator system is easy to work with and it brings great value to the
plumbing industr y through its exceptional durability,” adds Sylvester. The Marley Equator range is SABS tested and approved, is less labour intensive, requires less maintenance and needs no special tools for installation, making it an obvious choice for specifiers and plumbers.
LEFT TO RIGHT The ease of installation and time-saving features of Marley’s PE-X Equator system make it a modern, affordable alternative to traditional copper systems
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS Aquatan
60
GLS Consulting
64
Sensus
75
Aurecon
25
Goba
22
SIKA
41
Bagshaw Footwear
80
Group Five Pipe
58
SSI
26
Barloworld Equipment
78
Hydrodifusion Fittings
43
Tecroveer
56
Bosch Munitech
27
Incledon
34
Turf Ag
50
Bosch Stemele
35
Krohne South Africa
70
UWP
29
Bosch Stemele/Munitech
IFC
Lekwa Consulting Engineers
49
Vela Vke
31
Bosun
46
Lepelle Northern Water
42
Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies
20
BTW Consulting
62
Magalies Water
36
Victaulic
66
Murray & Roberts Building Products
52
Wastecon 2012 Conference
Corobrick
84
18 & 19
CSV Water Consulting Engineers
38
Murray & Roberts Construction
47
& Exhibition
Development Bank South Africa
44
National Asphalt
77
Water & Sanitation Services
Dynamic Fluid Control
76
Rainbow Reservoirs
32
Watson Marlow
54
Elster Kent Metering
28
Robor
74
WRP Consulting Engineers
IBC
ERWAT
30
Rocla
83
WSP Group
23
Fiberpipe
81
SBS Water Systems
Xylem (ITT Water & Wastewater)
33
IMIESA MAY 2012
OFC
12 OBC
Water Demand Management T Training & Technical Support
A Miya Group Company
WRP Consulting Engineers offers a wide variety of accredited water demand management training modules can be tailored developed to client’s requirements. Course modules focus not only on technical aspects, but also provide hands-on experience through practical examples, case studies and exercises. Available courses include: • The Importance of Water Demand Management • Data Logging of Pressure and Flow (3 day Practical) • Interpretation and Analysis of Logging Results • Leak Detection (2 day Practical) • Operation and Maintenance of Control Valves (3 day Practical) • Industrial & Commercial Meter Audits • Public Participation and Social Awareness • Pipe and Service Locating • Use of Ground Penetrating Radar
WRP W offers highly experienced course presenters who ha a been involved in training and technical support to have many client bodies throughout South Africa as well as in m ma more than 20 countries worldwide.
WRP wishes to congratulate the winners of the 2012 National Water Conservation Awards presented by DWA in the Local Government Category, namely: Ekurhuleni, Tshwane & Drakenstein.
Registered Agents for:
WEB BASED DATA ACQUISITION DISPLAY SOFTWARE
For further details contact Tel:+27(12) 346 3496, Fax: +27(12) 346 9956, Email: wrp@wrp.co.za Internet: www.wrp.co.za