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Issue #905 December 9-15, 2021
The Neatest Little Paper Ever Read. TM
Published and distributed by Alimon Publishing, LLC - www.tidbitswyoming.com - tidbits@tidbitswyoming.com - 307-473-8661
In This Issue: • Wheatland, WY– Pg 6 • Good Health - Pg 7 • Classifieds – Pg 8 • Puzzle Answers – Pg 8
• Marketplace – Pg 2 • Douglas– Pg 3 • Home & Garden – Pg 4 • Glenrock, WY – Pg 6
Special
on i t c e S y Holida
Q: Why did the toe go to the doctor? A: To be heeled! ®
TIDBITS TWIDDLES
TOES
by Janet Spencer
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25% of the 206 bones in the human body are located in the feet, with each foot having 26 bones. Each foot also has 33 joints, 19 muscles, 10 tendons, 107 ligaments, 8,000 nerves, and 250,000 sweat glands. There are more nerve endings and sweat glands per square inch on the sole of the foot than anywhere else on the body. The average adult travels around 1,000 miles (1600 km) a year on foot, taking about 10,000 steps per day. A typical 70-year-old human will have walked a distance equivalent to circling the earth four times. The feet strike the ground 17,000 times in a 20-mile marathon run, but even a mile of gentle walking subjects the feet to about 80 tons of weight. Feet must be sturdy, and toes are key.
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When walking, toes are in touch with the ground around 75% of the time. The nerve endings in the feet feed a constant stream of information to the brain. With each step, the foot rolls forward, shifting body weight onto the ball of the foot preparing for the next step, at which point the big toe bears the load of the body weight as it pushes off. It’s much more difficult to walk and balance without a big toe. The big toe has only two bones, while the rest of the toes have three. The bones in the feet and the hands are called phalanges, after the Greek word “phalanx” referring to a tight formation of soldiers. Although nearly every bone in the body has an official name, one exception is the toe bones. They are known only as “metatarsal digits #1-5.” A fourth-year medical student at Yale decided to undo the injustice by bestowing names on the toes. He called them porcellus fori, porcellus domi, porcellus carnivorus, porcellus nonvoratus, and porcellus plorans domun. In Latin, these names translate as little pig at market, baby pig at home, meat-eating piglet, small pig that has not eaten, and piggy crying all the way home. Some orthopedic surgeons have picked up his names,
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December 9-15, 2021
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Eighty percent of Americans over age 21 have reported having a foot ailment at some point in their lives. • About 5% of people complain of ingrown toenails, that painful condition where the toenail grows into the surrounding skin. • Women are four times more likely to have foot problems compared to men. This is primarily attributed to the fact that women wear heels. • Primates, including humans, are the only animals with nails rather than harder claws. • Archaeologists found a mummy in Egypt with a leather and wood contraption that is believed to be a prosthetic toe. The “Cairo Toe” dates back to between 1069 BC and 664 BC and predates any other known prosthetic by at least 700 years. It belonged to a woman between 50 and 60 years old whose big toe was entirely missing. • Toe wrestling is a sport similar to arm wrestling or thumb wrestling. Opponents seated on the ground lock their bare feet with toes and try to pin the other’s foot down over a line drawn on the playing surface. The Toe Wrestling Championship was established in Staffordshire, England, in 1976 by a group at Ye Olde Royal Oak Inn. The competition became popular in Northern England. It consists of three rounds played with the right foot, then left and right again. There are men’s and women’s Toe Usually the big toe is used. Wrestling Championships. A common myth is that fingernails and toenails • In 1982, Louise can still grow after Hollis of California you’ve died. This is saw a news article false, it just appears And fear not them which about the world’s like your nails are longest fingernails, growing because kill the body, but are not able to kill and decided to grow the skin around the the soul: but rather fear him which the world’s longest nails dehydrates and is able to destroy both soul and body toenails. When shrinks after death. in hell. Matthew 10:28 KJV they reached their That white spot at the longest in 1991, their base of your toenails collective length was Brought to you by Roger Davis (and fingernails) 87 inches (221 cm). shaped like a halfShe usually goes moon is called the barefoot or wears “lunule,” a name that open-toed shoes. The comes from the Latin soles of her shoes word for “moon.” must be 3 inches (7.6 cm) thick to prevent the It is a common myth that white spots on the nails from dragging. Every time a toenail breaks nail are caused by a calcium deficiency but they off, she keeps it. Each of her nails is usually are generally just minor nail damage and are around 6 inches (15 cm) long. nothing to be concerned about. It takes 12-18 months for a toenail to completely • The Loudermilk Boarding House Museum in Georgia contains about 30,000 Elvis Presley regrow. Toenails are twice as thick as fingernails.
HOCUS-FOCUS
TOES— (continued)
but doctors have not yet gone hog wild over the idea. The difference between the big toe in humans versus primates is that in primates, the toe acts more like a thumb, used to grasp things such as tree branches when climbing. In humans, it’s adapted for walking, running, and standing upright, but it cannot grasp. The average American’s foot is two sizes bigger than it was 40 years ago, as the population grows in size, requiring larger feet to support the extra weight. In the U.S, the best-selling shoe size is 8.5 for women and 10.5 for men. A survey showed that about 35% of people underestimated their shoe size by at least half a size. Babies are born flat-footed. Their foot bones keep developing until they become teenagers. From birth to age 12 months, a child’s foot will go up five sizes. From age 12 months to 24 months, the feet increase two sizes. From 24 to 36 months, they increase another two sizes. That means that kids’ feet go up nine sizes in their first three years. Once they hit 4 years old, their shoe size goes up one size once every 8 to 12 months. A woman in India named Kumari Nayak has 19 toes and 12 fingers, earning a spot in Guinness World Records for most toes. • It’s much easier to live without a big toe than it is a thumb. That’s why surgeons sometimes replace injured or severed thumbs with toes transplanted from the patient’s own foot.
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DOUGLAS, WYOMING
Tidbits of Glenrock, Douglas and Wheatland
I-25 Exit 135 & 140
becoming the first gorilla born in captivity. Colo went on to become a mother, grandmother and a greatgrandmother to Timu, the first • On Dec. 25, 1776, Gen. George Washington surviving infant crosses the Delaware River with 5,400 gorilla conceived Patriot troops, hoping to surprise a Hessian by artificial force celebrating Christmas at their insemination. winter quarters in Trenton, New Jersey. Colo died in 2017 Washington’s men quickly overwhelmed at the age of 60. the German defenders, who were • On Dec. 26, 1966, Jimi Hendrix writes groggy from the lyrics to “Purple Haze,” the song the previous that would give him his breakthrough e v e n i n g’s hit. Rolling Stone magazine would later festivities, and name “Purple Haze” one of the 100 by morning Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time. the town was • On Dec. 23, 1982, the Missouri Department surrounded. of Health informs residents of Times • On Dec. 21, Beach that their town was contaminated 1891, James when the chemical dioxin was sprayed Nais m it h on its unpaved roads. The entire town introduces was evacuated and demolished. the game of • On Dec. 20, 1995, the United Nations basketball as peacekeeping force formally transfers an activity for bored and unruly students military authority in Bosnia to the North during difficult New England winters. Atlantic Treaty Organization, clearing the Based on rules he created, the game was way for deployment of some 60,000 NATO tested by 18 students at the International troops. Young Men’s Christian Association • On Dec. 24, 1979, the Soviet Union Training School in Massachusetts. invades Afghanistan under the pretext of • On Dec. 22, 1956, a baby gorilla enters upholding the Soviet-Afghan Friendship the world at the Columbus Zoo in Ohio, Treaty of 1978. Despite fierce resistance from the Afghan army, it took the Soviets only a few days This Weeks to secure the capital of Super Crossword Kabul.
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Tidbits of Glenrock, Douglas and Wheatland
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TOES— (continued)
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artifacts. Here you’ll find a wart, a vial of sweat, and a toenail, all said to have come from Elvis himself. Some experts debate the authenticity of the toenail, however, so it’s just called the “Maybe Elvis Toenail.” Animals can be divided into “plantigrades,” creatures that walk on the entire foot (humans, bears, baboons, alligators, frogs) and “digitigrade,” creatures that walk on their toes (dogs, cats, birds, dinosaurs). A normal cat has five toes on the front feet and four toes on the back feet. Polydactyl
cats are common, though the extra toes are usually found on the front paws only. It’s rare for a cat to have polydactyl hind paws only, and polydactyly of all four paws is even less common. Wonderful Words RANDOM WORD ORIGINS • The English words traitor, tradition, and trade have the same root word “trado” because they all involve handing something over. • “Peach” comes from the Latin “malum persicum” meaning “Persian apple.” • The Latin “semen” means “seed” denoting plant nurseries, breeding grounds, or seed plots, and gives us seminar and seminary. • The Sanskrit word “vāṇiyo” meant “a man of the trading caste” denoting a Hindu merchant. Europeans applied the word to the large trees where traders set up shop in the shade, and “vāṇiyo” morphed into “banyan.” • The Latin word “genu” means “knee” and became the root of words including “genus” and “genuine” due to the custom where a father would acknowledge paternity of a newborn child by placing the baby on his knee. • Diabetes sprang from the Greek word meaning “a siphon” because people suffering from the illness urinate like a siphon. • In Arabic, “al-zahr” referred to the dice used in various gambling games. Playing dice games with strangers was risky because the dice were usually loaded and the players were usually crooks. The peril of playing with “al-zahr” was a “hazard.”
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The Irish word “fainne” meant “ring” and came into English as “fawney.” In the 1800s, con artists would secretly drop a brass ring on the ground in front of an innocent bystander, then make a great show of finding it. Showing the golden ring to the mark, they would offer to sell it for a cheap price. “Fawney” became “phony” in English, meaning false or fake. Golf is thought to come from the Scottish word for a cudgel or a blow to the head, “gouf.” The Gaelic words “uisge” meaning water and “beatha” meaning life became “whiskey” literally meaning “water of life.” The Greek verb “sarkazein” meaning “to tear flesh like a dog” became “sarcasm” and “sarcastic.” When you “eavesdrop” you’re standing under the eaves of a house where the rain drops fall, listening to conversations happening inside. “Clew” was Greek meaning a ball of yarn. In Greek mythology, Ariadne gives Theseus a ball of yarn which he unravels as he travels through the Minotaur’s labyrinth so he can find his way out of the maze again. “Clew” turned into “clue” meaning something that points the way, such as a detective unravelling the clues at the scene of a crime. • “Alarm” comes from the Italian battle cry “all’arme!” meaning “to arms” or “to your weapons” and transitioned to describing the warning itself and any object used to sound it. • The Greek “pamphilos” means “loved by all,” from “pan” (all) plus “philos” (loving). In the Middle Ages, a booklet called “Pamphilus, seu de Amore” (“Pamphilus, or about Love”) was very popular and was widely copied and passed around. From this the word “pamphlet” came to mean a small booklet. • The Roman “plasticus” and the Greek “plastikos” both signified something that can be molded into shape, usually referring to unhardened clay, which became our plastic. • The Latin word “salmo” means leap or jump and gives us salmon, which leap and jump. • If you want to swear but aren’t allowed to, you tend to turn curses like “eternal damnation” into “tarnal darnation” or shorten it simply to “tarnation.” • Sirloin steak comes from the French “sur” meaning “above” and “loin,” literally the cut of meat found “above the loin” of a cow.
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TOES— (continued)
WILLIAM MULHOLLAND • William Mulholland was born in Ireland in 1855, immigrating to the U.S. and settling in Los Angeles in 1877. At the time, L.A.’s population was 9,000. He landed a job with L.A.’s recently formed water department, rising to become superintendent and chief engineer, despite having no formal training. • Mulholland knew the limiting factor to L.A.’s growth would be lack of water. The city’s population rose from 50,000 in 1890 to 100,000 in 1900 to 320,000 in 1910. Mulholland and the city’s mayor Frederick Eaton realized that the runoff from the Sierra Nevada mountains in Owens Valley could be delivered to L.A. through a gravity-fed aqueduct. Together they engaged in under-handed methods of rooking the residents of Owens Valley out of their water rights. Then it was time to ship the water to L.A. • In 1906, Mulholland was appointed the Chief Engineer of the Bureau of the Los Angeles Aqueduct. From 1907 to 1913, he directed the construction of the 233-mile (375 km) aqueduct, an effort that required 3,900 workers digging 164 tunnels in a project that’s been equated with constructing the Panama Canal. It was the longest aqueduct in the world and used only gravity to deliver the water. Water from the Owens River reached a reservoir in the San
Tidbits of Glenrock, Douglas and Wheatland
December 9-15, 2021
Fernando Valley on November 5, 1913. At the dedication ceremony, Mulholland famously said: “There it is. Take it.” The aqueduct remains operational today. • By 1926 the land area of Los Angeles had doubled, making it the largest city in the U.S. by area. The water coming in from Owens Valley was primarily used to irrigate crops. 1. Is the book of Luke in the Old Testament or New Testament or neither? Lake Owens went dry in 1924. Angry farmers 2. From Matthew 1:18, when Mary became sabotaged the aqueduct often, once shutting pregnant, she and Joseph were ...? down the entire water supply to L.A. for four Married, Engaged, Just friends, Strangers days in what was called the California Water 3. How many times is “nativity” mentioned Wars. (cont) • Mulholland said he “half-regretted the demise in the Bible (KJV)? Zero, 1, 2, 7 of so many of the valley’s orchard trees, because 4. At the birth of Jesus, who was king now there were no longer enough trees to hang of Judaea? Solomon, Herod, Balak, all the troublemakers who live there.” City Belshazzar administrators negotiated settlements with 5. What was the home city of Mary and farmers who had been cheated out of their Joseph? Capernaum, Nazareth, Aphek, water rights. Shechem • In 1924, 6. Which of these wasn’t a gift from the Mulholland oversaw wise men (Magi)? Silver, Myrrh, Gold, the construction of Frankincense the St. Francis dam to store water against drought, earthquake, ANSWERS: 1) New; 2) Engaged; 3) 7 (4 and sabotage. times in Ezekiel); 4) Herod; 5) Nazareth; 6) Located about Silver 40 miles (64 km) northwest of L.A., Looking for a great holiday gift? Wilson it was completed in Casey’s Golf Trivia 2022 daily calendar will 1926. • By the time the challenge and entertain golfers of all skill reservoir was full, levels. Available in stores and online. seepage had already (c) 2021 King Features Synd., Inc. begun under the dam. Mulholland ordered pipes be installed to carry the water away from the people died, though many went uncounted. foundation to avoid erosion. • Mulholland accepted full responsibility and • On March 12, 1928, the dam keeper summoned stoically appeared at inquests. The reports Mulholland to witness a new leak that was concluded that water percolating through a spurting muddy water indicating that the fault line undermined the foundation of the foundation was being eaten away. Mulholland dam, which collapsed under its own weight. pronounced everything fine, and went home. A • Mulholland retired in disgrace and was a few hours later, just at midnight, the St. Francis recluse until his death of a stroke in 1935. dam burst. It took 70 minutes for 12.4 billion Mulholland Drive is named for him. gallons to empty the reservoir, flowing down • In 1929 the California legislature passed laws the San Francisquito Canyon in a wave 120 feet regulating civil engineering and creating the (36 m) high travelling at 18 mph (29 km/hr). state Board of Registration for Civil Engineers • The water travelled 54 miles (87 km) to the to protect against similar events. Pacific. It wiped out five towns. Around 400
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Tidbits of Glenrock, Douglas and Wheatland
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GLENROCK, WYOMING
I-25, Exit 160 & 165
premium in 2022 while they work things out and determine whether Medicare will pay for Aduhelm.
Pricy New Drug Means Higher Part B Premiums The Medicare Part B monthly premium is going up in 2022 by $21.60, one of the biggest increases ever. The reason for it, they say, is the massive cost of a new Alzheimer’s drug, Aduhelm. Our new premium will be $170 per month. That’s going to be a big bite out of our new Social Security increase, $92 for the average recipient with a benefit of $1,657 per month. Aduhelm will cost $56,000 per year per patient. And that’s only the beginning of the questions and concerns. Whether Medicare is going to pay for the drug is still up in the air because it originally thought the price would be much less, closer to $3,000. Certain other insurers have already stated they won’t cover it unless the cost comes down. As recently as a
December 9-15, 2021
(c) 2021 King Features Synd., Inc.
year ago, U.S. Food and Drug Administration advisers voted against approving the drug as they wondered whether it really works. Clinical trials were inconclusive. Initially the FDA said it was for people with Alzheimer’s, but they’ve already changed their prescribing information and narrowed the criteria for receiving it. Now Aduhelm is for people with very early Alzheimer’s, mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia. It’s no cure, they say, but it slows progression of the disease. Part of its cost is that it has to be given in an IV in a doctor’s office or hospital. Many hospitals, not knowing if they’ll be paid for administering it (that $56,000 is for the drug only) and who should have it, are holding back. Some are even insisting on doing their own in-house research to see if it works. Doctors, not knowing if their patients can get the drug, are often hesitant to prescribe it and raise hopes in patients. Still, we’ll be paying that increased Part B
WHEATLAND, WYOMING I-25 Exit 78 & 80 THE ILLUSTRATED BIBLE
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Tidbits of Glenrock, Douglas and Wheatland
GOOD HEALTH. GOOD LIFE. LIFE. Paw’s Corner
by Sam Mazzotta Beware Holiday Ornaments, Plants
Foods,
DEAR PAW’S CORNER: Please remind your readers of how important it is to keep their pets away from holiday foods. Some foods, like chocolate, can be deadly poisonous to dogs, while rich foods and ingredients like onions or raisins can be dangerous for cats and dogs. -- Jessica in New Jersey DEAR JESSICA: You told them, and thank you! The holiday season, with plenty of parties, family and food, can be hectic for everyone, but it’s important to monitor pets and make sure they’re kept away from potentially harmful items. Many foods, not just chocolate but onions, grapes and raisins, nuts, avocados and other holiday foods can cause house pets great harm. Store them well out of reach, and keep pets out of the kitchen when cooking and away from serving
tables. A more extensive list of common foods that can be poisonous to pets is available from the Humane Society of the United States (www.humanesociety.org). Christmas tree ornaments also can potentially be harmful. Cats love knocking down glass ornaments and may accidentally ingest tinsel or other shiny strands. Dogs may gnaw on interesting packages or break into gift boxes of candy or fruit. Even plants need to be kept out of reach: poinsettias, for example, are toxic to cats. To minimize risk, place breakable ornaments higher on the tree and put plants well out of reach. During parties or dinners, place your pets in a separate area of the house with bedding, food and water, and check on them occasionally. (This also is helpful in keeping pets’ stress levels down.)
December 9-15, 2021
(c) 2021 King Features Synd., Inc.
Send your tips, comments and questions to ask@pawscorner.com.
hold different hardware in the shop or in your toolbox.
Send your tips to Now Here’s a Tip, 628 Virginia Drive, Orlando, FL 32803. • Candles will burn more evenly if you refrigerate them for a few hours before lighting. • “My great-nephew and his family came to visit, and his toddler son is quite into opening doors. I had baby-proofed my home, but I did not think about his being able to turn a doorknob. His very smart mother pulled out a sock and slipped it over the doorknob, then secured it with a wide rubber band. Even I was unable to get a good grip on the doorknob after that!” -- V.R. in North Carolina • Surprise guests? Here’s how to quickly clean your living areas: First, clean the toilet, mirror and vanity in the guest bathroom and leave a fresh towel; grab a laundry basket and remove any clutter from the living room and kitchen; put away or clean dirty dishes and wipe down counters in the kitchen; finally, give
(c) 2021 King Features Synd., Inc.
carpets a quick vacuum. Then maybe light a great-smelling candle and greet your guests! • “Fireplaces are wonderful for heat and ambience, but the ashes! When cleaning up, I spritz the ashes with a rosemary water solution. This keeps them from dusting up and flying all over, and it smells great. My neighbor puts her damp loose-leaf tea in the fireplace for scent.” -- C.W. in Iowa • “In cold winter months, keep your robe (and slippers or whatever else) under the covers with you when you sleep. Pull it next to or over you a few minutes before you get up. It’ll be toasty and will help make the transition into the cold a little less harsh.” -- Giselle in New York • * Empty spice containers can be used to
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Tidbits of Glenrock, Douglas and Wheatland
December 9-15, 2021
PUZZLE ANSWERS
