Noeveren: A Nearby Community by gillesdebel

Noeveren: A Nearby Community combining craftsmanship, sharing and social inclusion in a heritage protected townscape

Gilles De Bel Master in Architecture Thesis - Vicinity as Nearness in Space Promotor: Prof. Gisèle Gantois1

@All rights reserved under International Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo-copying, recording or by any information storage retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher or specific copyright owners. Work and publication made in the framework of the individual master dissertation project, within the as ‘Vicinity as Nearness in Space’ of Noeveren proposed by Gisèle Gantois.

Acknowledgements Special thanks to Gisèle Gantois (academic promotor), Kanter Dhaenens (artist and resident of Noeveren), the people of Noeveren, family and friends for their unconditional support to this project.

Author Gilles De Bel

Contribution by Gisèle Gantois

Cover picture @ Gilles De Bel

Figures All images in this thesis are created by the author unless stated otherwise.

Faculty of Architecture, KU Leuven Master of Architecture Campus St.-Lucas Ghent Class of 2021-2022 www.arch.kuleuven.be

Noeveren: A Nearby Community

combining craftsmanship, sharing and social inclusion in a heritage protected townscape

“Noeveren has a soul that must be preserved, I have a wish that the hamlet continues to grow in a positive and cosy atmosphere.” a resident of Noeveren

Abstract

Noeveren, a hamlet in the municipality of Boom, is located along the river Rupel. The area has been marked, both in terms of landscape and socially, by industrial development, more specifically the brick industry. This master’s thesis is a design study into how such a former brickworks site can be redeveloped with respect for the protected buildings and their surroundings while focusing on the inhabitants. There is a strong sense of community in Noeveren, which is immediately noticeable when you walk through it. Yet there is no space in this hamlet that gives these people a common place. Instead, people interact with each other on the street, in their gardens, while walking... This design will create a community place for the existing and new residents of Noeveren. The aim is to transform the factory site into a valuable green space for the community, while respecting its heritage. The emphasis will be on locality, collectivity and sustainability. This will be reflected in a strong relationship between living and working, an aspect that has traditionally been strongly present in Noeveren. Local craftsmen and traders will be given a prominent place on the site, in the large factory buildings. Art will form the backbone of the design, inspired by the existing street art throughout the Rupel region. A combination of my own observations and existing research has shown me that Noeveren is a valuable area that consists of several layers. Because of its rich history and social characteristics, a lot is possible. This design shows a future image of how the Lauwersite can be restored with attention for the social interactions. In addition, this creative redevelopment will also create a new form of tourism. The Rupel region is known for its heritage, as well as for its arts and crafts. According to many, the latter deserve more attention, which they are given in this design, where the emphasis is mainly on creativity. The Lauwers site has the potential to be an enrichment, not only for Noeveren, but also for the Rupel region, from a social, natural and tourist point of view. 7

Table of Contents

METHODOLOGY

EXPLORATION: THE HAMLET NOEVEREN DESIGN RESEARCH CONTEXTUALISATION SITE OF LAUWERS

PROBLEM STATEMENT & RESEARCH QUESTION

STRATEGY CASE STUDIES & REFERENCE PROJECTS

ARCHITECTURAL APPROACH HERITAGE VALUE AVERECHTSE ROOT

ARCHITECTURAL INTERVENTION MASTERPLAN DESIGN SCALE MODEL

PROJECT SUMMARY

121

BIBLIOGRAPHY

125 9

Methodology

The methodology I used in the studio is the Interactive Walking method (Gantois, 2019), starting with personal observations. This methodology combines methods and tools from different academic traditions, including heritage studies, anthropology and architecture. It is a tool for exploring the cultural landscape, not only to discover and understand the multiple meanings of the site for its residents, newcomers and visitors, but also to integrate the knowledge gathered into a design proposal for the former brickworks site, which by extension will be a generator for Noeveren. The first step are the Interactive Journeys. By walking around the site, spontaneous interactions with the residents and drawing what strikes or interests you, you get a different first impression then looking into mere formal research. The second step, Spatial Narratives, involves collecting these experiences and information about the neighbourhood and visualize them. The observations are translated into collages, models and drawings. The third step, the Cartes Parlantes, will combine the individual experiences with existing data, such as archives, documents and maps. In addition to these individual observations, I also searched in books and looked at various reference projects to get inspired.1 The second part of the research was constructed from existing information that could be found. Because the site has been under research for several years, a lot of documents with valuable information have already been made and collected. There is for example the ‘erfgoedtoets’ (ATRAN bv ovv bvba, 2021) that contains a lot of valuable information about the factory site of Lauwers. An other interesting document I used is the management plan (Gantois, 2022), a document researching Noeveren. By combining all this information, I formulated a problem statement together with a research question related to the hamlet of Noeveren. This then resulted in a design proposal for the Lauwers factory site. A design that aims to offer an answer to the problem definition and to complement the needs of the neighbourhood. 1

Giséle Gantois, 2021, KUL MAIG42 2021-2022 Studioopdracht Study-Guide 2021.08.15. p. 9-12

Methodology

Interactive Journeys Spatial Narratives Cartes Parlantes Interaction moments with local stakeholders Literature studies Reference projects

Heritage Plan ‘Erfgoedtoets’ Management Plan Noeveren Bouwmeesterscan Previous studies Articles & Websites Mapping Historical pictures

Individual Observations

Existing Research

Problem Statement & Research Question

Design Concept Case: Factory site of Lauwers

Methodology

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

[1] Five Booklets

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

DESIGN RESEARCH interactive journeys

The first step of the methodology (Interactive Journeys [Gantois, 2019]) is based on observing and sketching while walking on location. Without any preparation or prior knowledge, I went there to walk around with just a pen and paper to explore the area. In this way, I payed attention to things that I otherwise might not see, starting from my own experiences and own knowledge. For example, I usually started at the train station and followed the river the Rupel and without knowing almost ended up in Schelle. The little booklets are developed by sketching what caught my interest, what appealed to me or what caught my eye. As a foreign traveller in the area, I oriented myself by marking reference places. Linking discoveries to memories of events in other places. In this way I created personal visual and experimental maps of the neighbourhood and the region. These booklets serve as a personal lens, it creates a specific angle that will help create tension between existing and new data. It also helps to identify spatial and programmatical urgencies that form the basis of further research and the architectural proposal.2 At the backside of each infolded booklet I memorised the walk by relive it and map it as how I remembered the surroundings. After this first step of Interactive Journeys, I combined all those maps and created an own interpretation of the region. It shows different aspects that stood out for me during the exploration. The map, that is shown on the next two pages, goes from the centre of Boom until the station of Niel, including the nature reserve Walenhoek. 2

Giséle Gantois, 2021, KUL MAIG42 2021-2022 Studioopdracht Study-Guide 2021.08.15-lr. Vlaanderen. p. 9-12

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

[2] Five Booklets Map collage

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

[3] Conceptual collage 1

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

DESIGN RESEARCH spatial narratives

[4] Conceptual sections

As a second step (Spatial Narratives [Gantois, 2019]) the collected information and experiences about Noeveren and its surroundings are processed and visualized in collages, sketches and models. It shows the site from a clearly personal interest, through a reflection of my one individual discoveries.3 The first thing that struck me was the sense of community. You can feel that people there live with each other, are in contact with each other and that the feeling of togetherness is very important. Another aspect that I found typical for the region was the diversity of buildings. On the one hand there are the remnants of the industrial sites and on the other the new construction projects that are taking over the area without taking the heritage into account. The latter is mainly happening in the municipality of Niel, where the dykes of the Rupel are being built over with apartments. Fortunately, this is not yet the case in Noeveren, which is the last hamlet where the factory sites are still present. The inhabitants want to keep it that way. In the collage, the various signs show how people are protesting against the proposals for high-rise buildings along the Rupel river. The people want to preserve the last piece of heritage of the area as much as possible. 3

Giséle Gantois, 2021, KUL MAIG42 2021-2022 Studioopdracht Study-Guide 2021.08.15-lr. Vlaanderen. p. 9-12

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

[5] Conceptual collage 2

The region is indeed very much characterised by the industry that once existed there. Both the landscape and the social development show the remains of the brick industry. The differences in height are a clear example of this; in various cuts and a model, I have represented these characteristics of the environment as I read and remember it. In Noeveren, you can see that houses have been built on the edges of the old clay pits, while in Niel, you can see that the area with the clay pits has now become a beautiful nature reserve where fauna and flora have claimed their place again. Another typical feature of the area is of course the River Rupel. It is the backbone of the region, which is why it is called the Rupel Region. The tributary of the Scheldt is a tidal river that not only provides a beautiful piece of nature in the area, but also played a major role in the same industry in the past. Clay and bricks were transported on these waters, and this is still reflected in the few remaining shipyards in the area. So, as you can see in the various collages and sketches, the region has many different aspects, and has a very strongly layered character despite the relatively small area it covers. 22

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

[6] Conceptual collage 3

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

[7] Map Rupel region

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

CONTEXTUALISATION rupel region

[8] Map Flemish waterways

The hamlet of Noeveren is part of the municipality of Boom, which is located along the river Rupel, a sub-river of the Scheldt. The municipality lies south of the city of Antwerp and together with the surrounding municipalities it forms the Rupel region: Hemiksem, Schelle, Niel, Boom and Rumst. Geographically, this area is strongly determined by the clay mining for the brick industry. The clay pits and the high density in the cores, among other things, distinguish this area from the rest of the province of Antwerp. The municipality of Boom forms the junction between the A12 and the Rupel region, but actually offers only few centre functions. A first important structural element for this region is therefore the Rupel. It ensures that Boom is part of the Rivierenland Regional Landscape. The other important element is the A12, which forms the connection between Antwerp and Brussels. When looking further into mobility in Boom, we do see a train station that is centrally located. However, it has a limited frequency of trains. There is also a poor connection with the area south of the Rupel, so we see that the car still retains its dominant position. Boom is thus centrally located in the Flemish Diamond - centrally between Antwerp, Brussels, Sint-Niklaas and Mechelen - but this is not reflected when looking at the existing connections.4 4

Team Vlaams Bouwmeester, 2020, Bouwmeesterscan: Boom Eindrapport. Vlaanderen. p. 10-11

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

CONTEXTUALISATION boom

As mentioned earlier, the municipality of Boom is characterised by the junction of the A12 and the Rupel. These two elements can be considered as connecting elements, but at the same time, they also form major local barriers. In fact, the municipality contains several cores that are separated from each other by infrastructure, industrial zones or green corridors. What can be distinguished, however, is the high density of these cores, which offers potential for active modalities. The main core, or the centre, of Boom has a distinctive position. Although we have that junction between the A12 and the Rupel, there are few urban centre functions. In addition, this core is cut off from the surrounding areas by the corridor of the A12 and the railway. Fragmentation not only occurs at the spatial level, but also at the socio-economic level. Boom has an increasing number of nationalities and is also experiencing strong growth. On the other hand, poverty and lack of social control are also a problem. That is why it is important to strive for a coherent structure, at local and regional level.5 5

Team Vlaams Bouwmeester, 2020, Bouwmeesterscan: Boom Eindrapport. Vlaanderen. p. 8-17

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

Boom has a total surface 7,4 km2. Boom is called ‘home’ by 18.526 inhabitants. In Boom there are 6.944 employed.

[9] Aerial Photo - BWMSTR SCAN

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

[10] Key Numbers diagram - BWMSTR SCAN

14% 6% 10% 6% <1% 29% 17% 15% 1%

[11] Surface Use diagram - BWMSTR SCAN

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

Protected nature reserve Agriculture Built area - residential Built area - industrial Built area - other Yard/Estate in built area Water Road Railways

“The larger green-blue networks are mainly located on the territory of Niel and Rumst. For a solid network, cooperation between the Rupel municipalities is essential.”

“The green fingers are of great importance to Antwerp. On the other hand, on a local scale the east-west connections between those green fingers are more important.”

[12] Open green space & waterways - BWMSTR SCAN

Many facilities are thus concentrated in the centre of Boom, located on the east side of the A12. The map on the next page shows what is accessible from the Lauwers site in Noeveren, about a fifteen-minute walk away. In general, there are enough facilities nearby and everything is relatively easy to reach, as is also mentioned in the Bouwmeesterscan. Here they give the mobility and accessibility a score of 8.6 out of 10, but mainly from the point of view of the car.6 When we take a closer look at accessibility, especially focusing on slow mobility, we can see some obstacles. The biggest is the barrier of the A12 motorway and the railway. For example, most schools are located on the east side of this barrier, which means that children have to cross it at least twice a day. It does not seem a safe option to bring the smallest children to school by bicycle or on foot. In order to get the focus more on this slow mobility, a local school could make a difference. On the Lauwers site, there is enough space to provide a kindergarten in combination with a daycare centre for the local community. By combining this with other local facilities like a market, share initiatives and public green, the cyclist and the walker will become the main user and the car will gradually become superfluous in this area. 6

Team Vlaams Bouwmeester, 2020, Bouwmeesterscan: Boom Eindrapport. Vlaanderen. p. 46

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

facility map

average walking speed = 5km/hour facilities within a radius of 1.25km = a walk around 15 minutes (with the site lauwers as its focal point)

[13] Facility Map with a 15 minute radius

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

MUSEUMS 1. Ecomuseum Boomse Baksteen - brick museum 2. Steenbakkerijmuseum ‘t Geleeg - brick factory museum 3. Natuurhuis De Paardenstal Niel - natural history museum 4. De Velodroom - bicycle experience centre

GROCERY STORES LOCAL MARKETS (WEEKLY) CAFÉS & RESTAURANTS 1. Hellegat Hof - beer garden 2. Café De Koophandel - café 3. Sjokelat - chocolate shop 4. Broodjesfabriek - sandwich shop 5. Café Den Druppel - café 6. Het Kombuis - frituur 7. Roma Confiserie Chocolaterie - chocolate shop 8. Kantine visclub “vzw Goudkarper” - cafeteria 9. Kantine visclub “Eskimo” - cafeteria 10. combination of restaurants, cafés, take-aways and 2 bakeries 11. different bars

HEALTH CARE 1. Dr. Lemmens - doctor 2. 2 docters, gynaecology, dentist, ear specialist, 3 pharmacies 3. Dr. Blockx A - doctor 4. AZ Rivierenland campus Rumst - hospital

SCHOOLS & CHILDCARE 1. IBO’s Speelhuisje - childcare centre 2. Kunstacademie Niel K.A.N. vzw - arts academy 3. different schools in this area: Centrum voor Basiseducatie Open School Onze-Lieve-Vrouweninstituut Bovenbouw - Catholic high school (spread over different campusses) Basisschool De Kade - primary school GO! Basisschool De Hoeksteen - primary school Gemeentelijke Academie voor Muziek & Woord - music academy Kinderopvang Kobo - childcare centre Kinderdagverblijf Troetelboom - childcare centre 4. GO! Middenschool Den Brandt - high school 5. GO! Atheneum Boom - high school 6. Provinciale Technische Scholen - high school (different campusses) 7. GO! Basisschool Boom Park - primary school 8. De Reuzenboom - kindergarten and primary school 9. ‘t Beukenootje - childcare centre

OTHER FACILITIES 1. in this area: Town Hall Boom Bpost Boom - post office various banks Openbare Bibliotheek boom - public library CC De Steiger - cultural building + artist ateliers & workshops 2. Town Hall Niel

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

CONTEXTUALISATION noeveren

[14] Café ‘De Koophandel’ in the 80s - book Leon Lauwers Jr. [15] Historic picture of ‘Blauwe Pan’ - Facebook Post Marc Verlinden

Noeveren is a historic industrial zone and working-class residential area, close to the centre of Boom. The former workers’ dwellings are built on the edges of the clay pits. The landscape is therefore characterised by large differences in height between the houses and the surrounding area. The different brickworks have been designated classified as heritage and offer new opportunities for development. The SME zone called ‘Poort van Noeveren’ complicates the relationship between the hamlet and the centre of Boom. It causes the neighbourhood to be isolated from the rest of the municipality. Noeveren is therefore more connected with Hellegat in the municipality Niel. 32

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

[16] Collection of pictures from Noeveren while exploring

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

[17] Historic picture of the Novobric factory site (Lauwers) in the 80s - Facebook Post Anita Van Eyndhoven

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

Noeveren includes three former brickfactories that structure the hamlet into regular waffle-like grid. The long plots of land that ran perpendicular to the river belonged to different landlords, who each owned a factory. They each provided their workmen with small houses built on the slopes of the clay pit which formed a closed factory-dependent community. This shows that Noeveren was born from activity and industry. There was a very strong link between living and working. On the one hand, this is visible in the historic road patterns that were organized on the industrial terrain. It provided a smooth connection between the houses and the inner areas that contained the clay pits and the industrial buildings. A network of easements grew spontaneously over time and guaranteed an efficient production process. On the other hand, a whole community was developed on this small area. You could find a baker, local shops, a café or restaurant and even a local school. To this day, there is still a strong sense of community in Noeveren, yet many local facilities have disappeared and been centralised in Boom or Niel. Because of this growth out of industry, the village fabric is not like an other in Flanders. Most of the grounds here are private property, but are collectively used. A good example is the ‘Averechtse Root’, which literally means ‘Reverse Row’. It’s a street that formed out of multiple private properties. Each owner uses the space differently, placed benches or chairs, flowerpots, garden gnomes… What used to be an inner passage, has become a place of social interaction, a collectively used interspace.7 7

Gisèle Gantois, 2021, L’Usage collectif du sol privé: Négocier le quotidien à Boom. Faces 80. p. 46

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

[18] ‘Never Say Never’ artwork by Mr. Leenknecht - picture by Tim Marschang [19] artwork by Kanter Dhaenens - Street Art Cities [20] ‘There are people who’d like to have your problems’ artwork - picture by Tim Marschang [21] News article - GVA (Gazet van Antwerpen) [22] ‘Eat This’ - artwork by Kanter Dhaenens - picture by Tim Marschang [23] ‘Brickcollage’ event - Facebook page Yellow Brick Road [24] ‘Fox in a henhouse’ artwork by Dzia Street Art Cities [25] ‘Yellow Brick Road’ walk event Facebook page Yellow Brick Road

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

CONTEXTUALISATION the arts as a local initiative

[26] Map of the ‘Yellow Brick Road’ walking route

The municipalities of Boom and Niel are characterised by the many graffiti artworks. In the past few years, this has been done to bring the neighbourhood together, as well as to increase the attractiveness of the area. An example of such an initiative is the project called ‘Yellow Brick Road’, which is a street art project along the Rupel in which a section of the cycling and walking route is literally painted. Since 2014, various artists have been working to tackle the empty walls, mostly for free to launch the project to where it is now. One of the artists, Dzia, who worked on the murals, has begun to break through internationally. In order to involve the neighbourhood and draw attention to the works of art, various events are organised throughout the year in the form of walks and concerts, such as ‘Brickcollage’. Currently this project has evolved a lot, it already reaches a lot further than just Boom and Niel, it is spread around the whole Rupel region. Also the artworks in the project are increasing, not only in the form of graffiti but also ceramics or wood sculptures.8 8

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

Yellow Brick Road Facebook Page, @yellowbrickroadrupel

The initiator of the project of YBR is Kanter Dhaenens, a well-known artist in the area. Originally he worked in the film industry, where he experimented with video. Only later he got into the graffiti and painting sector, when he moved from Antwerp to the little hamlet Noeveren. Together with his wife, who is also an artist but in ceramics, he lives in the Averechtse Root in a typical workers house. They are also very engaged in the process of keeping the townscape preserved and are involved in a lot of initiatives. In an interview with him, he told me that it was a good idea to give the arts in the region a bigger platform, to use it to attract new kinds of tourists and to blow a new wind through the hamlet. As he told me, not only graffiti art is present in the area, also other forms of craftsmanship are practiced in Noeveren and its surroundings. Francis Michielsen, Belgian champion in chainsaw art, is a resident of Noeveren practicing the art of carving. He makes beautiful sculptures made out of wood, that are exposed in the streets. An other craft that was very present in the area, more specific Hemiksem, was ceramics. The factory of Gilliot, the biggest tile factory of Europe, made exceptionally special tiles with lots of figures and drawings on it. Still to this day, the name is well-known in the region.9 9

Kanter Dhaenens, interview taken by the author.

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

[27] Steendraagster Noeveren - Francis Michielsen [28] Advertising panel Gilliot Factory - Gilliot & Roelants Tegelmuseum

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

[29] Sign at Lauwers (Noeveren) - Andre Joosse, Urbex.nl [30] Church tiles at Lauwers (Noeveren) - Andre Joosse, Urbex.nl [31] Clay pressing machine at Lauwers (Noeveren) Andre Joosse, Urbex.nl

The theme of arts and crafts can also be extended to the brickworks in Noeveren itself. The manual labour and skills used in these factories cannot be underestimated. It is a craft that is characteristic of the region and has defined it. Although the workers mainly made bricks, the typical “Boomse Pannen” were also manufactured here. These roof tiles were made by hand and as the name says only in this region, which is why this type is no longer produced. Also, tiles, more specifically church tiles, were manufactured in the Lauwers factory. It was a small but unique section in the factory and it shows once again the creativity of labour. Unfortunately, these skills have disappeared from Noeveren, but thanks to the works of artist Camiel Van Breedam, history is coming back to life. He makes exceptional works of art with remnants and finds from the various brickyards. The work is a kind of manifesto, through which he wants to show that the protected Noeveren is in danger of disappearing. The aim of his work is to make people aware that the region has a unique history, and that this authenticity must be preserved. A lot of inhabitants share this opinion and have been trying to protect their heritage for decades. There are already a few initiatives that have transformed old industrial buildings into original residential accommodation with a focus on art and culture. This shows that there is indeed a solution to give heritage in Noeveren a future.10 It proves that the inhabitants take lots of initiatives and form a strong community, where arts and crafts are still to this day an outstanding aspect that deserves a more prominent place in the area. 10

Camiel Van Breedam, 2018, De Jachtvelden langsheen de Rupel. Noeveren Manifest.

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

SITE OF LAUWERS former brick factory

The former brickyard Novobric or Gebroeders Lauwers, now called the Lauwers site, is located in the hamlet of Noeveren, making it part of the protected village landscape “wijk Noeveren”. On the site, the ring furnace, chimney and the paapovens of the brickyard are also protected as monuments. Site Lauwers is one of three brickyard sites that form Noeveren, and is the last of those that has not yet received a new purpose. The most northern site, Peeters & Van Mechelen, has been sold off in several parts and converted into housing. ‘t Geleeg or site Frateur, the middle brickworks, is a museum site of which most of the buildings and drying sheds have been completely restored. The third is Lauwers, the project site for which a future vision is given later in this thesis. In the nineteenth century, unlike today, the site was not a coherent group but rather fragmented into successive longitudinal properties, perpendicular to the Rupel. Nevertheless, the general structure has been reasonably well preserved. A striking feature at the time was the large number of drying sheds that were present on the site. Workers’ dwellings can also be seen growing through time along the edge, at Noeversestraat, Lepelstraat and Noeverseweg. In addition, the master’s house can already be seen on the primitive land register, to which the extensions were later added. At the end of the twentieth century, more specifically 1981, the site became one property, coming from five properties in the year 1869. Around this period, the production process of bricks was mechanised, so most of the dry sheds were demolished. Mechanical preparation and drying plants were built in its stead. At the beginning of the 2000s, the Lauwers site was eventually the only working brickworks in Noeveren. Unfortunately, the activities had to be stopped in 2006 due to the combination of preserving the heritage character and the increasingly strict legislation. In the years that followed, the buildings gradually fell into ruin, the landscape and time took over the site.11 11

ATRAN bv ovv bvba, 2021, Site Lauwers - Noeveren. Erfgoedtoets.

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

[32] Isometric drawing showing the main building cluster of Lauwers

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

krekelenberg

railway

[33] Context plan (base map : GRB)

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

A12

railway

A12

centre boom

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

[34] Diagram showing how the factory used to work

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

operation of the factory

P1 : “clay square” (het Kleiplein) A1 : traditional drying sheds A2 : modern drying shed with steel trusses A3 : most recent drying sheds A4 : company building “Klein Machien” A5 : joinery A6 : mechanical preparation-, moulding- and drying installation A7 : paapovens A8 : remains paapoven A9 : chimney ring oven

A6.a : clay pressing A6.b : clay barn/shed A6.c : shaping & moulding A6.d : drying tunnel installation A6.e : storage (factory hall Novobric) A6.f : storage (compartments Novobric)

B1 : garage B2 : “Kleine Klamp” and remains paapovens B3 : remains of the master’s house B4 : large klamp oven

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

existing situation Site of Lauwers - aerial image

[35] Aerial photo from the site of Lauwers - Apple Maps

P1 : “clay square” (het Kleiplein)

[36] Southern part of Clay Square - erfgoedtoets site Lauwers

[37] Dredger on the Northern part of Clay Square erfgoedtoets site Lauwers

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

A1 : traditional drying sheds

A2 : modern drying shed with steel trusses

[38] Drying Shed A1, towards east (colapsed in 2021) erfgoedtoets site Lauwers

[39] Modern shed, towards south - erfgoedtoets site Lauwers

A3 : most recent drying sheds

A4 : company building “Klein Machien”

[40] Recent drying shed - erfgoedtoets site Lauwers

[41] General interior view of ‘Klein Machien’ with the conveyor belt - erfgoedtoets site Lauwers

A5 : joinery

A6.a : clay pressing

[42] Exterior of building A5 - erfgoedtoets site Lauwers

[43] Interior of building A6.a

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

A6.b : clay barn / shed

A6.c : shaping & moulding

[44] Interior of building A6.b

[45] Interior of building A6.c

A6.d : drying tunnel installation

A6.e : storage hall

[46] Interior of building A6.d

[47] Interior of building A6.e

A6.f : storage (compartments Novobric)

A7 : paapovens

[48] Interior of building A6.f

[49] Interior of building A7 - erfgoedtoets site Lauwers

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

A8 : remains paapoven

A9 : chimney ring oven

[50] Detailed image from the remains of paapoven erfgoedtoets site Lauwers

[51] View on the chimney

B1 : garage

B2 : “Kleine Klamp” and remains paapovens

[52] Interior view of garages

[53] Exterior of building B2

B3 : remains of the master’s house

B4 : large klamp oven

[54] Exterior of building B3 - erfgoedtoets site Lauwers

[55] Exterior view of building B4

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

[56] Section topography Rupel (Noeveren) - Cuesta of the Rupel region (volume 2)

[57] Topography Model of the site Lauwers

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

One of the most important features of Noeveren are the large differences in height. They show the result of centuries of clay excavation and the impact it clearly had on the road network and buildings. The area has a strong linearity, as the cuesta of the Rupel was excavated progressively, perpendicular to the direction of the slope. This can be seen in the dykes, roads and houses that have been built parallel or crosswise to the Rupel. The various roads that run parallel to the slope, and thus along which the workers’ dwellings were built, represent the original ground level of the cuesta. A good example of this is the street on the Averechtse Root. By keeping the street system, like the Nielsestraat, this led to tunnelling of the streets so that the extraction of clay could continue. However, this resulted in a difference in height of almost eleven metres between the lower-lying mined areas and banks and the higher-lying roads and dykes. Site Lauwers was built in such an old clay pit. This can clearly be seen in the various workers’ houses on the edges, on Noeversestraat and Nielsestraat. Because these houses were often higher than the brickworks themselves, their gardens are also situated on slopes. What is also typical of this landscape is the orientation of the various buildings. The large industrial buildings are typically oriented north-south, actually at right angles to the Rupel. The workers’ dwellings, on the other hand, are mainly located along the roads that descend perpendicular to the Rupel, giving them an east-west orientation.12 12

ATRAN bv ovv bvba, 2021, Site Lauwers - Noeveren. Erfgoedtoets.

Exploration: The hamlet Noeveren

Problem Statement & Research Question

problem statement Noeveren, situated in the municipality of Boom, is part of an industrial heritage marked by brick production. Over the years, the industry has moved away from the region, leaving the factory sites as they were. The emphasis has shifted to housing, with the result that part of the banks, more specifically in Hellegat, are built up like a dyke. The local residents of Noeveren want to preserve the heritage and its history. In addition, the various facilities that had evolved around the working-class families, such as a school or shop, have disappeared over time. Noeveren is losing its quality and the remaining buildings, mainly the Lauwers site, are languishing and time is slowly taking over. The longer we leave the buildings in this state, the less useful they become. The big problem is that Noeveren has a lot of qualities, but they are not being used. By highlighting the history and heritage together with introducing some (old) new facilities, the hamlet will be given a new boost of life. The Lauwers factory site can play a major role in this and can be used as a determining factor. It will not only provide a place for new opportunities, but also an attractive spot for the inhabitants. A green site where people can feel and see the connection with the Rupel. 56

Problem Statement & Research Question

research question In a hamlet where heritage has had such an impact, the question is exactly how we are going to use that aspect to give this site a future and use that as a feature to create a place for various target groups. How can we repurpose this unique site, thinking of densifying it and giving something back to the community and the surroundings, while respecting the heritage buildings?

Problem Statement & Research Question

Strategy

CASE STUDIES & REFERENCE PROJECTS adaptive reuse on a post-industrial factory

Using various references and case studies, I explored the possibilities that can be applied in Noeveren and on the Lauwers factory site. Art is the focus and will also be an important part of the site. As in the example of Bijgaardehof, the intention is that both experienced and new artists can appropriate a place on site. The old brick walls have their charms and will therefore remain exposed for a large part. In this way, they will become a canvas for numerous works of art, which the neighbourhood will also be able to enjoy. The intention is that these works combined with nature and green spots will make the site more welcoming. On the inside, too, the spaces are ideal for accommodating work studios. The large industrial halls give the possibility and space to inspire and accommodate different kinds of artists. Another important aspect are the inhabitants of Noeveren who will be included in the design. By focusing on local and shared facilities for both the existing and the new residents of Noeveren, the community will be enhanced. My ambition is to create a place that will serve as a centre, a village square, of Noeveren. The functions that will be added are largely the vanished facilities and what the region needs. For example, a local school and restaurant were once there, but have now disappeared. Yet the research has shown that there is a need for both of these. So my aim on the site is to focus on the community through creativity, locality and collectivity. 60

Strategy

[58] Illustration Bijgaardehof - Bouwkroniek

[59] Cohousing Bijgaardehof - Bogdan & Van Broeck

Strategy

[60] Vhills Studio Artist Workshop and Office - FURO + Pedrita

[61] Jardin du Tiers-Paysage, Saint Nazaire - Gilles Clément

Strategy

[62] Deelfabriek Kortrijk - Facebook Group @deelfabriekkortrijk

[63] Lokaalmarkt Bar - Lokaalmarkt

[64] Lokaalmarkt Gent - Stad Gent

Strategy

Architectural Approach

HERITAGE VALUE protected townscape

Since the Lauwers factory buildings are part of the protected village townscape Noeveren, the buildings on the street side will mainly keep their closed character. The back, the side facing north, will be open and will form a connection with the park that can be found there. The intention is to involve the surrounding houses in the design, by providing a pleasant green space around the factory buildings. This park will form the connection between the existing houses on the edges and the new houses that will be designed on site, and along ‘het Kleiplein’ it will also form a connection with the Rupel. Because the green area in the northern part of the site is more likely to be used collectively by the residential units, the southern part of the site seemed more suitable for public purposes. This part of the site already includes the EMABB museum and café ‘De Koophandel’, which means that a cluster of public buildings can be created. These functions will be positioned around a central village square, which will also become a place where social events can be organised. It will be a meeting point for the neighbourhood and they will be able to appropriate it for their needs. Currently, the northern and southern parts are clearly separated by an asphalt road. This has not always been the case; when the factory was still operational, this was simply a dirt path used for transport and later became a road. The intention is to partly go back to the old days and to use the road as a connection on the site, rather than a separation. The road will be low on car traffic and give priority to pedestrians and cyclists. In addition, the paving will continue into the adjacent squares and paths, so that there literally will no longer be a barrier. 66

Architectural Approach

seu

fé

bike route

site lauwers

bike route

public

collective

existing housing [65] Analysing design scheme

Architectural Approach

collective use focus on green and collective areas seating areas rain water collection playing areas creating light shafts for housing units

[66] Averechtse Root - Ellen Tielemans

e Root”

Lauwers [67] Interior of buildingFactory A6.f

[68] Impression ispiredReinterpretation on Noeveren

“Averechtse Root”

Architectural Approach

AVERECHTSE ROOT identity of noeveren

The identity of Noeveren is characterised not only by the industrial buildings, but also by the workers’ houses that have evolved on the edges of the clay pits. A certain layering has developed between the houses, which also results in different types of relations. The placement of the buildings creates inner streets and alleyways or ‘sloepkes’. One particular street, the ‘Averechtse Root’, is a perfect example of how the community uses and shares their grounds collectively. Therefore, this formed a large part of the inspiration to extend this identity to the Lauwers site. During the exploration of the site, the link between the two was immediately made. The intention is to create inner streets on site and in the buildings, only accessible to cyclists and pedestrians. It is an efficient way of breaking into the large cluster of existing buildings. It must become a neighbourhood with shared open and private spaces, where everything is within walking distance and where attention is paid to diversity in target groups. The buildings will be partly removed, with respect for the heritage features, whereas the open space will only enhance the design, providing breathing space and light in the houses, making them livable. Because there is a looser transition between private and public, there is a larger possibility to share the outdoor spaces with each other. It creates the possibility of an extra program. In addition, the residents are given the opportunity to appropriate their facade, together with the interspace, and to decorate or use it however they wish.13 In order to give more shape to the village character, other functions will be interwoven on the site in addition to the residential units. Local initiatives, shared initiatives and, of course, art will be used to attract people to the site. Art should breathe new life into the buildings and add a new aspect to the villagescape of Noeveren, thereby also attracting a larger and different kind of tourism to the region. 13

Architectural Approach

AR-TUR, 2021, Toolbox Dorpse Architectuur. Public Space.

Architectural Intervention

MASTERPLAN site of lauwers

The masterplan of the design shows the site Lauwers and how the different buildings relate to each other. In the plan, various functions are included, each with a focus on the neighbourhood and the community. With respect for the heritage and the existing buildings, a design was created in which new residential units are introduced, as well as a creative hub where artists can create and exhibit their work. The project also focuses on the community, with two important elements of locality and sharing. In the end, it is the green space and the public park that makes the site into a coherent whole and thereby also establishes the relationship with the edges and the further context of Noeveren. 72

Architectural Intervention

[69] Masterplan Architectural design

Architectural Intervention

[70] Masterplan present situation next to future proposal

Architectural Intervention

If we compare the current situation with the design plan, we can identify the main features of the masterplan. First of all, the park has been made more accessible by adding resting places and paths, which also literally strengthen the connection to the Rupel, allowing the dyke to be integrated into the design. The landmark of the park is the dredging crane, which is currently hidden in a part of the park that is overgrown and wild. It is meant to become the central place where people can meet, sit down and enjoy nature for a while. On the west side of the current ‘kleiplein’, where the workers’ houses are, there is decided to remove the garages in order to restore the protected village landscape and also to improve the connection with the houses towards the park. An alternative for the cars is provided under the largest drying shed, which will be used as a parking lot and a covered event area. In addition, the street going in east-west direction on the site will become a low-traffic area, which is safer and more pleasant for the residents, there will be no need for car traffic as the parking facilities are located along the edge of the site. The buildings that have already been restored and that belong to the EMABB museum will also be included in the design and become part of the creative area inside. It should become a vibrant place of crafstmenship and history. Café ‘De Koophandel’ will also be part of the design and becomes part of the village square that also houses the local market and restaurant, an ideal place for the fair or a music event. The main building will be largely opened up, creating a walk-through on the site. The building cluster literally becomes part of the circulation through the area, and is also enhanced by the addition of a building that houses residential units. In the public buildings, the choice was made to preserve the characteristic interior as much as possible, together with some machinery and structural elements, which form a feature throughout the buildings. Architectural Intervention

[71] Masterplan with program coloring

Architectural Intervention

green area arts & crafts housing units sharing community local community

As it were, the design can be divided into a couple of different zones, all of which are connected by the green outdoor areas, both the public park and the collective gardens. The first part of the design is the arts and crafts. The choice was made to place these functions in the buildings facing the street. This is because of the connection that is being made with the museum that already exists on the site, and on the other hand, it also forms a fourth boundary for the residential units. In this part, there are ateliers, workshop spaces and exhibition spaces for artists and craftsmen. A second element in the design are the housing units. These are located behind the art section and consist of different types of housing, thus attracting different people. The idea is that you can live there all your life, something that also happens in the rest of Noeveren as most people have been living there all their lives. There are row houses, apartements and studios connected by the shared gardens. A conscious decision was made to add a building so that the gardens for the houses are partly sheltered without having to work with fences. A final area contains the buildings that are primarily designed for the community. Divided into two parts; sharing and locality. The cluster where the sharing initiatives are situated is centrally located on the site, as it must be accessible to both existing residents and new residents. That is why cars also have access there; the facilities are available to people coming from further in the region. Then there is the village square, where the local functions are located. Together with the café, the local market and the local restaurant, it will form a place where people can come and meet. The square is easy to reach and clearly visible since it is located along the street. A local school was also integrated into the design, as there was a shortage of pre-school facilities in the close neighbourhood. Architectural Intervention

Arts & Crafts 78

Architectural Intervention

[72] Plan of Arts & Crafts program

Architectural Intervention

DESIGN ateliers

Arts and crafts make up the largest part of the design. The arched hall forms the entrance to the site and the link to the pedestrian street between the houses. It is also the place where artists can exhibit their work in the two units or on the brick walls of the hall, an ideal canvas for graffiti artists. The idea of this space is that it should be accessible to everyone, it is an open-air museum that is part of the park. Further inside the building there are eight closed studio spaces for artists. These can be rented out for short or longer periods to both experienced and starting artists. In this way, interactions can take place and people can learn from each other. Diversity has been taken into account; there are both small and large studios available, as well as storage spaces, a spray booth and ceramics ovens. In addition, the light in the atelier spaces was also taken into account. Natural light is an important aspect in order to be able to work comfortably, which is why it was decided to allow mainly northern and zenithal light into the studios. On the first floor of the building where the kitchen is located, there is also a workshop space that can be used to involve the neighbourhood in the creation of art. The paapovens and the chimney are both monuments and will therefore be the landmarks in this area. Further, a part of the paapovens can also be used to host more intimate exhibitions. 80

Architectural Intervention

[73] Isometric interior drawing of the Arts & Crafts area

Architectural Intervention

exhibition space

existing buildings

new additional buildings

Architectural Intervention

kitchen area

permanent storage room

material storage

ceramic kiln

spraying booth

[74] Plan of the Artist Ateliers

Architectural Intervention

+0 0

existing buildings [75] First floor plan of the ateliers

workshop room

[76] Protected South Facade view of the ateliers

Architectural Intervention

new additional buildings

expo room

[77] Plan of the Expo / Graffiti hall

Architectural Intervention

Housing 86

Architectural Intervention

[78] Plan of Housing units

Architectural Intervention

DESIGN houses The choice was made to integrate various forms of housing in order to appeal to a larger target group. The row houses together with the walking street are mainly based on the identity of Noeveren. The existing infrastructure and the green spaces are intended to turn this into an attractive place where people can retreat. By partly bringing the façade inwards, an intermediate space is created that is both part of the walking street and can be used as a front garden for the house. The residents can fill in and appropriate the space in their own way, an important aspect that recurs in the rest of the residential units. On the outside, the houses look similar, but the houses on the left differ from those on the right. The houses right have two bedrooms and the living area is on the ground floor, giving them easy access to their private terrace and then further to the collective garden, separated by a water channel inspired by the former water basin at that location. The house on the left is divided differently, with the living space on the first floor connecting to the roof terrace. The ground floor gives the resident the opportunity to use the extra space as an office, workshop or shop. This because of its position in relation to the atelier spaces.

[79] Section of the housing with collective gardens

Architectural Intervention

[80] Drawing of the pedestrian street between the houses

Architectural Intervention

existing buildings new additional buildings

[81] Plans one bedroom house

Architectural Intervention

[82] Plans two bedroom house

Architectural Intervention

DESIGN studios The studios are situated in the new building, which encloses the collective gardens and thus provides a sheltered feeling for the residents. The north side contains the entrance to the studios, so the terraces face south and are oriented towards the shared garden. There are eight studios in the building, and they are mainly aimed at single people or young couples. Each unit has its own front door that connects it to the pedestrian street that runs along it. The facade is designed in a way so that each unit has a different exterior look. Benches, alcoves and large windows allow residents to reclaim their own space, which creates a more sociable feeling also allowing interactions.

[83] North Facade view of the studio apartments

Architectural Intervention

[84] Ground floor plan of the studio apartments 0

Architectural Intervention

[85] Isometric exterior drawing of the studio apartments

Architectural Intervention

DESIGN apartments

Then there are the six apartments, each with two bedrooms. Just like the row houses, they are built using the box-in-box principle. This means that the existing structure is used as the façade and a new volume is built within that is thermally insulated. The apartments, too, are attached to the ground and have a central stairwell where the residents each have their own front door. On the south-west side, each unit has its own terrace that overlooks the shared garden. In the collective garden, the decision was made to leave some of the former drying tunnels in place. By shortening them at different lengths, various spaces are created in a playful way where people can relax. This formation also provides some privacy for the units and by allowing vegetation to grow on and between the walls, shaded areas are created. 96

Architectural Intervention

[86] Ground floor plan of the apartments 0

m 280

184

60 12

plasterboard insulation panel cavity for pipes and electricity OSB panel insulation between wooden frame construction windproof wooden fibreboard insulation panel air cavity original brick wall as facade

[87] Wall construction detail: box-in-box principle

Architectural Intervention

[88] Isometric drawing of the collective garden

Architectural Intervention

Local Community 100

Architectural Intervention

[89] Plan of Local community facilities

Architectural Intervention

101

DESIGN local school As mentioned earlier in the paper, in the dense region of Noeveren and Hellegat there is no kindergarten that is easily accessible anymore. Therefore, I propose a local school for the smaller children on site so that can safely, on foot or by bike, go there. It also adds a certain extra value to the quality of Noeveren in terms of local facilities. The school is designed as a residential school, and for such the outdoor space is a very important aspect. That is why the choice was made to place the school building where there used to be an external canopy, therefore the former ovens now serve as an inner garden. They have a direct connection with the four classrooms and are fully enclosed, allowing children to play in peace. Another typical feature of this type of school is the homely feeling that predominates; the classrooms do not open up into a corridor, but each have their own front door. The intention is that the children should feel at home. A cosy atmosphere in the interior should help with this. A final aspect why the choice was made for this school in Noeveren, is the fact that they work with levels instead of with ages. Children are divided into groups according to their abilities, allowing them to learn in a better and more efficient way.14 14

Leefschool De Sterappel, n.d., Wat is een leefschool?.

existing buildings new additional buildings

[90] Plan of Local School

102

Architectural Intervention

sports room

teacher’s room

kitchen

Architectural Intervention

103

[91] Drawing of a classroom at the local school

[92] Drawing of the local restaurant

104

Architectural Intervention

DESIGN local town square

Going further into the local community is the introduction of a local market together with a local restaurant. By adding these functions and implanting them on the square where café ‘De Koophandel’ is also located, a town square for Noeveren is created. It has to become a sociable place where the residents feel welcome and can meet each other, as wel as a space local events can be organised. The restaurant, which is located in the former master’s house, has been placed next to the local market, which is the former garage, because both can benefit from one another. On the market, goods from local traders are sold and in the restaurant, people can enjoy the cuisine made from these products. Further, the market hall can serve other purposes, such as a flea market or an auction. Extension of the market is also possible towards the park side, as the large gate of the garages will still be there. Architectural Intervention

105

existing buildings new additional buildings

noeveren town square

local restauran

106

Architectural Intervention

local market hall

storage hall

market extension possible

[93] Plan of the Local market and Local restaurant

Architectural Intervention

107

Sharing Community 108

Architectural Intervention

[94] Plan of Shared community facilities

Architectural Intervention

109

DESIGN sharing initiatives The sharing community is a final component that perfectly matches the identity of Noeveren and which the residents themselves are enthusiastic about. Because the locals are quite close to each other and outdoor space is already shared between them, it seemed like a nice idea to go further into the collective aspect. That is why a number of shared initiatives have been added to the design with the aim of both strengthening and complementing the community. By listening to the inhabitants and looking at what is needed in Noeveren, the choice was made to integrate four kinds of initiatives. The first one is the bike shop, where there is a bicycle lending and repair service. The residents can go there to lend a (cargo) bike for a short or long term. In addition, they also have the opportunity to have their bicycle repaired or to do it themselves with the equipment available on site. A second part of the building is the book café, a place where books can be read or borrowed, while having a drink and enjoy the view of the surroundings. A conscious decision was made to retain the existing features of the factory, like the machines or the big windows, and to use them as a characteristic element in the interior of the building. A third initiative is the tool library, where residents can borrow both smaller and larger machines. It is fittingly located in the former joinery of the factory. The final aspect is the sports lab, which is also partly aimed at the local school. Sports and playing equipment can be borrowed there which can also be used outside on the sports field. The location of the playground is central in the park and gives the neighbouring residents the opportunity to easily come here with their children and enjoy a drink in the book café.

[95] Drawing of the Book café

110

Architectural Intervention

book café

existing buildings

bike shop

new additional buildings

[96] Plan of Book café and Bike shop

Architectural Intervention

111

sports lab

existing buildings

community parking

new additional buildings

112

Architectural Intervention

event space

tool library

[97] Plan of the Tool library and Sports lab

Architectural Intervention

113

SCALE MODEL scale 1/500

[98] Scale model on 1/500

114

Architectural Intervention

cardboard color code

existing buildings new additional buildings

[99] Scale model on 1/500 - local town square and factory

Architectural Intervention

115

[100] Scale model on 1/500 - local school and park

[101] Scale model on 1/500 - park

116

Architectural Intervention

[102] Scale model on 1/500 - scharing facilities

[103] Scale model on 1/500 - housing units top view

Architectural Intervention

117

[104] Scale model on 1/500 - slow mobility street

118

Architectural Intervention

[105] Scale model on 1/500 - housing units north view

[106] Scale model on 1/500 - housing units east view

Architectural Intervention

119

120

Project Summary

121

[73] Isometric interior drawing of the Arts & Crafts area

122

Project Summary

[92] Drawing of the local restaurant

[80] Drawing of the pedestrian street between the houses

In this design, creativity and social interaction are the main themes. The proposed project focuses on the neighbourhood and its surroundings. The intention is to give the inhabitants a place that is designed for them to meet, where they can interact and where they are able to organise activities. By highlighting the arts and crafts that are so characteristic of the region, this design brings a playful and fresh new life to the Lauwers site. It literally adds colour to the buildings and helps to make Noeveren attractive to a wider public. The site will be involved in the social fabric by combining different functions in the programme. Residential units together with local and shared facilities make the site an exciting whole, a green lung for Noeveren where there is the opportunity to relax or enjoy oneself. After many years of vacancy, it must once again become a place that Noeveren and its inhabitants can be proud of and again enjoy together. Project Summary

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Bibliography

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Books & Magazines AR-TUR. (2021). Toolbox Dorpse Architectuur (D/2021/13.171/2 ed.). Public Space. De de Caigny, S. (2016). Architectuurboek Vlaanderen 12 - Architectuur op maat (1ste editie, Vol. 12). Vlaams Architectuurinstituut. Meurs P., & Steenhuis M. (2020). Reuse, Redevelop and Design - Updated Edition: How the Dutch deal with heritage. Rotterdam: nai010. Noeveren Manifest. (2018). De Jachtvelden: langsheen de Rupel - met werken van Camiel Van Breedam. Noeveren Manifest. Scott, F. (2008). On Altering Architecture. Routledge. Van Ulden E., Heussen D., & Van der Ham S. (2015). De Stoep: Ontmoetingen tussen huis en straat. Rotterdam: nai010.

Documents & Papers ATRAN bv ovv bvba. (2021, september). Erfgoedtoets: Site Lauwers - Noeveren. Digitaal Vlaanderen. (n.d.). Basiskaart Vlaanderen (GRB) Gantois, G. (n.d.). Built Heritage as Imagines Agentes. Collabra: Psychology. https://doi. org/10.1525/collabra.21194 Gantois, G. (2022). Erfgoedbeheersplan Noeveren. Gantois, G. (2021). KUL MAIG42 2021-2022 Studioopdracht Study-Guide 2021.08.15. Gantois, G., 2020. ‘Small-scale heritage: the canary in the coal mine’ in Fouseki, Kalliopi, Torgrim Sneve Guttormsen and Grete Swensen (eds.). Heritage and Sustainable Urban Transformations. Deep Cities. New York: Routledge. Gantois, G. (2018, juli). Visienota omtrent de wijk Noeveren. Roland Piffet (architect) & Sofie Buggenhout (owner). (n.d.). Peeters & Van Mechelen. Stad Gent. (2012). IPOD Richtlijnen Opendbaar Domein 2012. Team Vlaams Bouwmeester & Vlaanderen. (2020, juni). BWMSTR SCAN - Boom Eindrapport.

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Figure Index [1] Five Booklets [2] Five Booklets Map collage [3] Conceptual collage 1 [4] Conceptual sections [5] Conceptual collage 2 [6] Conceptual collage 3 [7] Map Rupel region [8] Map Flemish waterways [9] Aerial Photo – BWMSTR SCAN [10] Key Numbers diagram – BWMSTR SCAN [11] Surface Use diagram – BWMSTR SCAN [12] Open green space & waterways – BWMSTR SCAN [13] Facility Map with a 15 minute radius [14] Café ‘De Koophandel’ in the 80s – book Leon Lauwers Jr. https://www.provincieantwerpen.be/content/dam/provant/dvt/ TPA/wvhj2021/Steenbakkerstunnelsherontdekt.pdf [15] Historic picture of ‘Blauwe Pan’ – Facebook Post Marc Verlinden https://www.facebook.com/ photo/?fbid=1755352017458&set=a.1755348457369 [16] Collection of pictures from Noeveren while exploring [17] Historic picture of the Novobric factory site (Lauwers) in the 80s – Facebook Post Anita Van Eyndhoven https://www.facebook.com/ photo/?fbid=3011752169081669&set=gm.10158513291621748 [18] ‘Never Say Never’ artwork by Mr. Leenknecht – picture by Tim Marschang https://streetartcities.com/cities/boom/markers/12449 [19] artwork by Kanter Dhaenens – Street Art Cities https://streetartcities.com/cities/boom/markers/185 [20] ‘There are people who’d like to have your problems’ artwork – picture by Tim Marschang https://streetartcities.com/cities/boom/markers/12445 [21] News article – GVA (Gazet van Antwerpen) https://www.facebook.com/yellowbrickroadrupel/ photos/827101684164309 [22] ‘Eat This’ artwork by Kanter Dhaenens – picture by Tim Marschang https://streetartcities.com/cities/boom/markers/12443 [23] ‘Brickcollage’ event – Facebook page Yellow Brick Road https://www.facebook.com/yellowbrickroadrupel/ photos/1032485480292594 [24] ‘Fox in a henhouse’ artwork by Dzia – Street Art Cities https://streetartcities.com/cities/boom/markers/190 [25] ‘Yellow Brick Road’ walk event – Facebook page Yellow Brick Road https://www.facebook.com/yellowbrickroadrupel/ photos/1033691750171967 [26] Map of the ‘Yellow Brick Road’ walking route [27] Steendraagster Noeveren – Francis Michielsen https://francismichielsen.wixsite.com/carving/picturescarving?lightbox=dataItem-kz87v3xx [28] Advertising panel Gilliot Factory – Gilliot & Roelants Tegelmuseum https://gilliottegelmuseum.be/over-gilliot-cie/ [29] Sign at Lauwers (Noeveren) - Andre Joosse, Urbex.nl https://www.urbex.nl/steenbakkerij-lauwers/

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[30] Church tiles at Lauwers (Noeveren) - Andre Joosse, Urbex.nl https://www.urbex.nl/steenbakkerij-lauwers/ [31] Clay pressing machine at Lauwers (Noeveren) - Andre Joosse, Urbex.nl https://www.urbex.nl/steenbakkerij-lauwers/ [32] Isometric drawing showing the main building cluster of Lauwers [33] Context plan (base map : GRB) [34] Diagram showing how the factory used to work [35] Aerial photo from the site of Lauwers – Apple Maps [36] Southern part of Clay Square – erfgoedtoets site Lauwers [37] Dredger on the Northern part of Clay Square – erfgoedtoets site Lauwers [38] Drying Shed A1, towards east (collapsed in 2021) – erfgoedtoets site Lauwers [39] Modern shed, towards south – erfgoedtoets site Lauwers [40] Recent drying shed – erfgoedtoets site Lauwers [41] General interior view of ‘Klein Machien’ with the conveyor belt – erfgoedtoets site Lauwers [42] Exterior of building A5 – erfgoedtoets site Lauwers [43] Interior of building A6.a [44] Interior of building A6.b [45] Interior of building A6.c [46] Interior of building A6.d [47] Interior of building A6.e [48] Interior of building A6.f [49] Interior of building A7 – erfgoedtoets site Lauwers [50] Detailed image from the remains of paapoven – erfgoedtoets site Lauwers [51] View on the chimney [52] Interior view of garages [53] Exterior of building B2 [54] Exterior of building B3 – erfgoedtoets site Lauwers [55] Exterior view of building B4 [56] Section topography Rupel (Noeveren) - Cuesta of the Rupel region (volume 2) [57] Topography Model of the site Lauwers [58] Illustration Bijgaardehof - Bouwkroniek https://www.bouwkroniek.be/article/bijgaardehof-wordt-met-57woningen-grootste-cohousingproject-van-het-land.13714 [59] Cohousing Bijgaardehof - Bogdan & Van Broeck https://www.bogdanvanbroeck.com/projects/bijgaardehof/ [60] Vhills Studio Artist Workshop and Office - FURO + Pedrita https://www.archdaily.com/974575/vhils-studio-artist-workshop-andoffice-furo-plus-pedrita?ad_medium=gallery [61] Jardin du Tiers-Paysage, Saint Nazaire - Gilles Clément https://www.coloco.org/projets/jardins-du-tiers-paysage/ https://www.area-arch.it/en/jardins-du-tiers-paysage/ [62] Deelfabriek Kortrijk - Facebook Group @deelfabriekkortrijk https://www.facebook.com/Deelfabriekkortrijk/ [63] Lokaalmarkt Bar - Lokaalmarkt https://www.lokaalmarkt.be/nl [64] Lokaalmarkt Gent - Stad Gent https://stad.gent/nl/groen-milieu/nieuws-evenementen/lokaalmarktopent-de-deuren-gent

Bibliography

[65] Analysing design scheme [66] Averechtse Root - Ellen Tielemans [67] Interior of building A6.f [68] Impression inspired on Noeveren [69] Masterplan Architectural design [70] Masterplan present situation next to future proposal [71] Masterplan with program coloring [72] Plan of Arts & Crafts program [73] Isometric interior drawing of the Arts & Crafts area [74] Plan of the Artist Ateliers [75] First floor plan of the ateliers [76] Protected South Facade view of the ateliers [77] Plan of the Expo / Graffiti hall [78] Plan of Housing units [79] Section of the housing units with collective garden [80] Drawing of the pedestrian street between the houses [81] Plans one bedroom house [82] Plans two bedroom house [83] North Facade view of the studio apartments [84] Ground floor plan of the studio apartments [85] Isometric exterior drawing of the studio apartments [86] Ground floor plan of the apartments [87] Wall construction detail: box-in-box principle [88] Isometric drawing of the collective garden [89] Plan of Local community facilities [90] Plan of Local School [91] Drawing of a classroom in the local school [92] Drawing of the local restaurant [93] Plan of the Local market and Local restaurant [94] Plan of Shared community facilities [95] Drawing of the Book café [96] Plan of Book café and Bike shop [97] Plan of the Tool library and Sports lab [98] Scale model on 1/500 [99] Scale model on 1/500 - local town square and factory [100] Scale model on 1/500 - local school and park [101] Scale model on 1/500 - park [102] Scale model on 1/500 - sharing facilities [103] Scale model on 1/500 - housing units top view [104] Scale model on 1/500 - slow mobility street [105] Scale model on 1/500 - housing units north view [106] Scale model on 1/500 - housing units east view

Bibliography

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faculty of architecture sint-lucas ghent 132

ku leuven