Presidents from Ulysses Grant to Herbert Hoover 18 - 31
18) Ulysses S. Grant ● ● ● ● ● 1. 2. ● 1. 2.
“ I've never advocated war except by means or peace.”
18th President that served from 1869 - 1877 Vice President - Schuyler Colfax & Henry Wilson Elected from - Illinois Political Party - Republican Domestic Issues Panic of 1873 - Financial crisis caused by over speculation and over expansion causing the nation’s largest bank to collapse. Greenbacks - Paper money that was an inflationary force to destabilize the economy. Foreign Issues The failure to annex Santo Domingo because of the public opinion against the treaty. Alabama Claims - series of demands by for damages by the gov’t from Great Britain.
Scandal - Credit Mobilier scandal that involved RR companies charging money for gov’t contracts.
19) Rutherford B. ●Hayes 19th President that ● ● ● ● 1. 2. ● 1. 2.
“Conscienc e is the authentic voice of God to you.”
served from 1877 - 1881 Vice President - William A. Wheeler Elected from - Ohio Political Party - Whig and Republican Domestic Issues Compromise of 1877 - settled the dispute of federal troops out of state politics Great RR Strike of 1877 - Strike workers would not allow trains to roll because of wages being cut. Foreign Issues Mexican President sent troops to cross the border of the U.S to protect Mexico's sovereignty. Pressure against Canal - U.S intention to build a canal to aid transport to the west coast.
Fact - In the election of 1876 Samuel Tilden won the popular vote but Hayes won the electoral college.
20) James A. Garfield ● 20th President that served from 1881 ● ● ● ● 1. 2. ● 1.
1881 Vice President - Chester A. Arthur Elected from - Ohio Political Party - Republican Domestic Issues Garfield had chose to run the custom house that was for collecting imported goods. Garfield was assassinated September 19, 1881. Foreign Issues Garfield organized a panama American conference.
“ Ideas control the world.”
Star Route Scandal Scheme were officials received bribes in exchange for awarding postal contracts
21) Chester A. ●Arthur 21st President that ● ● ● ● 1. 2. ● 1. 2.
served from 1881 - 1885“ Men may die, Vice President - none but the fabrics or free institutions Elected from - Vermont remains Political Party - Republican unshaken.” Domestic Issues Pendleton Act - positions within the government should be awarded on the basis of merit instead or political affiliation Arthur reduced tariff rates to 20 - 25 percent. Foreign Issues Arthur negotiated trade agreements with partners in the western hemisphere. Father of the Steel Navy - He sought construction of steam power cruisers, steel rams, and gunboats.
Fact - Arthur took office as vice president after Garfield’s assassination.
22) Grover ● 22nd President Cleveland ● ● ● ● 1. 2. ● 1. 2.
that served from 1885 - 1889 “ Party Vice President - Thomas A. Hendricks honesty is Elected from - New York party Political Party - Democratic expectancy.” Domestic Issues Dawes Act - Survey Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments. Haymarket Riot - A after of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration in Chicago. Main Event Foreign Issues President He sent warships to South America to compel the Cleveland vetoed bills or granting British to accept arbitration. military pensions. He prevented the German puppet state of Samoa.
23) Benjamin ●Harrison 23rd President ● ● ● ● 1. 2. ● 1. 2.
“ Great lives never go out; they go on.”
that served from 1889 - 1893 Vice President - Levi P. Morton Elected from - Virginia Political Party - Republican Domestic Issues Sherman Antitrust Act - American gov’t opposed monopolies. Billion Dollar Congress - Gave pensions to civil war veterans and had lavish spendings. Fact - Harrison Foreign Issues invites Theodore Protections of seals in Bering Strait from Britain and Roosevelt and appoints him Civil Service Canada. Commissioner. Chilean Conflict - negotiating trade agreements.
24) Grover Cleveland ● 24th President ● ● ● ● 1.
2. ● 1. 2.
“ Honor lies in honest toil.”
that served from 1893 - 1897 Vice President - Adlai Stevenson 1 Elected from - New York Political Party - Democratic Domestic Issues Panic of 1893 - economic depression enhanced by the railroad collapse Coxey’s Army - Protest march by unemployed workers Foreign Issues Cleveland established the reassertion of the monroe doctrine. Venezuelan border dispute that the gov’t opposed the British encroachment.
Facts - Cleveland served two nonconsecutive terms as president of the United States.
25) William ● 25th President McKinley
“I am a tariff that served from 1897 - 1901 Vice President - Garret Hobart and Theodore Rooseveltman standing Elected from - Ohio on a Political Party - Republican tariff Domestic Issues platform.”
● ● ● ● 1. Dingley Tariff - This raised tariffs in the U.S by an average of 57%. 2. Yellow Journalism - Newspaper stories that were not necessarily true during the Spanish American war. ● Foreign Issues 1. Boxer Rebellion - An uprising in the chinese gov’t 2. Filipino Revolt - nationalist revolted against the spanish rule led by Emilio Aguinaldo. 3. Teller amendment - joint resolution that placed a condition on US military in cuba as a response to Mckinley
Main Event President Minkley appoints a 2nd Philippine commissioner.
26) Theodore ●Roosevelt 26th President
● ● ● ● 1.
2.
● 1.
2.
“Believe that served from 1901 - 1909 you can Vice President - Charles W. Fairbanks and you’re Elected from - New York halfway Political Party - Republican there.” Domestic Issues Elkins Act - This amended the Interstate Commerce Commision which imposed fines on RR’s that offered rebates. Meat Inspection Act - This prevented misbranded meat products from being sold as food under sanitary conditions. Foreign Issues Big Stick Diplomacy - “ Speak softly and carry a big stick “ his use to use military forces by intimidating countries instead of harming them. Roosevelt Corollary - An addition to the monroe doctrine in the Venezuela crisis.
Fact Roosevelt signed a bill creating the Department of Commerce and Labor the ninth cabinet office.
27) William Howard ●Taft 27th President that served ● ● ● ● 1. 2. ● 1. 2.
from 1909 - 1913 “Presidents come and go Vice President - James S. Sherman but the Elected from - Ohio supreme Political Party - Republican court goes Domestic Issues on forever.” Ballinger Pinchot Affair - A dispute b/t the forest service Gifford and the secretary of interior Ballinger. Trust Busting - Taft actions to break up monopolies and trusts. Foreign Issues Payne Aldrich tariff - intentions to lower the tariff by taft but revisions by aldrich raised the tariff. Dollar Diplomacy - furthers its aims in Latin America with its use or economic power by loans.
Main Event - Taft orders two warships to Nicaragua in response to 500 revolutionarie s.
28) Woodrow Wilson ● ● ● ● ● 1. 2. ● 1. 2.
28th President that served from 1913 - 1921 “Tell me Vice President - Thomas R. Marshall what is right and I Elected from - New Jersey will fight.” Political Party - Democratic Domestic Issues Federal Reserve Act - Central banking system of the United States. 19th amendment - This gave women in the U.S the right to vote. Foreign Issues Treaty of Versailles - peace treaty to cause an end to WW1. League Of Nations - Intention to promote peace and cooperation but weakened because of the U.S failure to join.
Scandal - During Woodrow Wilson’s presidency he failed to help African Americans.
29) Warren G. ●Harding 29th President that ● ● ● ● 1. 2. ● 1.
“ I don't know
served from 1921 - 1923 much about Vice President - Calvin Coolidge Americanism, Elected from - Ohio but it is a good word with to Political Party - Republican carry an Domestic Issues election.” Emergency quota act - newcomers from Europe were restricted which was a set 0f 3% of people of their nationality. KKK - They strongly promoted anti foreignism in the United States. Main Event Foreign Issues Harding signs Washington Armament Conference - largest the president Sheppard naval powers in the countries came together to Towner Act on discuss naval disarmament. Nov 23, 1921.
30) Calvin ●Coolidge 30th President ● ● ● ● 1. 2. ● 1. 2.
that served from 1923 - 1929 “Don’t expect to pull up Vice President - Charles G. Dawes the weak by Elected from - Massachusetts pulling down Political Party - Republican the strong.” Domestic Issues Immigration act of 1924 - This limited the number of immigrants allowed to enter the U.S Snyder act of 1924 - This granted full citizenship to Indians Foreign Issues Main Event Kellogg Briand Pact - signatory states promised not Calvin Coolidge to use war to resolve conflicts. was elected president after Dawes Plan - attempted to solve WW1 reparations Warren G problems. Harding’s death.
31) Herbert ● 31st President Hoover ● ● ● ● 1.
2. ● 1. 2.
“It is just as that served from 1929 - 1933 important that Vice President - Charles Curtis business keep out Elected from - California of gov’t as that gov’ Political Party - Republican keep out of business.” Domestic Issues Reconstruction Finance Corporation - This provided financial support to state and local govt’s. Bonus Army - Veterans demanded pay in Washington that lead HOover to evacuated them with troops. Main EventForeign Issues The Great Depression Hawley-Smoot Tariff - The highest protective occurred tariff that gained America into deeper On October 29, depression. 1929 Hoover rejected the Roosevelt Corollary w/ Treaty w/ Hati.
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