a Calendars of India names of months are same as zodiac signs. The year starts with entry of Sun in Leo. Bengali Calendar : If the ingress is between sunrise and midnight, the month starts from next day otherwise from next day (3rd day) from it. The year begins with solar ingress of Aries. Nepali Calendar : If solar ingress is after afternoon, the month starts from same day otherwise it starts from the previous day. The year starts with Aries ingress and month of Vaishakh.
Chaitradi
The lunar months are of two types either ending on Amavasya (New Moon) or Poornima (Full Moon). There are 2 fortnights in a lunar month, bright and dark. Every fortnight has 15 days. The names of months are based on constellations where Sun resides. For example the month Chaitra is named after constellation Chitra, Vaishakh after Vishakha.
Kartikadi Tamil Malyali Bengali Punjabi/Oriya
Chaitradi Calendar : In this calendar the month ends on Full Moon. It is popular in North India in U.P., Bihar, M.P, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu-Kashmir. It is also used somewhat in Haryana, Punjab and Orissa. In this calendar the month begins with 1st tithi (pratipada) of Dark Half (based on sunrise) and ends on Full Moon of Bright Half. The year starts on pratipada (1 st tithi) of Bright Half in the month of Chaitra. Kartikadi Calendar : In this calendar the month starts on first day of Bright Half (based on sunrise) and ends on amavasya (New Moon). It is popular mainly in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnatak and Andhra Pradesh. The year starts on first day of Kartik bright half i.e. from next day of Deepawali. Muslim Calendar : In this calendar the month begins with sighting of Moon and the date starts at sunset. In practice the month begins on next day of sighting of Moon. The year has only 354 days therefore the new year starts 11 days earlier than the previous year. In this way in span of 33 gregorian years 34 muslim years are spent. In 2006 the new year of various calendars has started /will start as below: National Calendar : 22 March, Chaitradi-30 March, Kartikadi-23 October, Punjabi/Oriya- 14 April, Tamil-14 April, Malyali-17 August, Bengali-15 April, Nepali-13 April, Muslim-31 January.
AIFAS Research Journal of Astrology l Apr-Jun 2006
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