HYDROGEN PEROXIDE-BASED EXPLOSIVES – OPPORTUNITY OR RISK?

In some areas explosives industry is facing a significant need for transformation as we seek solutions to reduce the environmental impacts of ammonium nitrate (AN) based products. Nitrogen oxides in blast fumes and residues of water-soluble nitrogen compounds are today’s challenges. Hydrogen peroxide has emerged as the most promising substitute for ammonium nitrate, yet its adoption comes with numerous challenges and risks. We are committed to responsible development and close collaboration with regulatory authorities to ensure safety and environmental sustainability in large-scale applications in a long term.

Opportunities and challenges of hydrogen peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide offers a competitive edge due to its nitrogen-free composition. Unlike chlorate- and perchlorate-based solutions, it also has a lower environmental impact. However, its use presents challenges, particularly in terms of stability and risk management.

Regulatory bodies and legislators still have limited knowledge of the specific characteristics of hydrogen peroxide emulsions. At present, safety regulations and standards rely largely on data provided by manufacturers. For example, road transport regulations remain underdeveloped, and ADR (European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road) guidelines do not yet recognize hydrogen peroxide emulsion.

Workplace safety and risk management

The use of hydrogen peroxide demands significantly more protective equipment compared to standard AN emulsion (ANE) products. According to our measurements in field conditions, vaporized hydrogen peroxide easily exceeds occupational health and safety limits. Hydrogen peroxide, also in the form of emulsion, is extremely corrosive and aggressive to skin and eyes. That is why workers must wear chemical-resistant coveralls, powered full-face respirators with proper chemical filter, chemical-resistant gloves and boots, and other mining gear. Comprehensive training and expertise are essential for effective risk management, making targeted investments in personnel education a priority.

Storage and transportation pose additional challenges. Hydrogen peroxide's instability makes tank transportation high-risk, as the emulsion tends to self-sensitize and a thermal runaway reaction can start from the smallest contamination.

Environmental impact and responsinility

The full environmental impact of hydrogen peroxide-based explosives is still under investigation. While nitrogen emissions are eliminated, carbon monoxide emissions require efficient ventilation.

It is crucial to thoroughly assess the environmental consequences of large-scale adoption, particularly concerning hydrogen peroxide’s impact on aquatic ecosystems. The drive toward nitrogen-free solutions originated from water protection concerns, but does hydrogen peroxide present an even greater risk? There are published research results about direct toxicity of hydrogen peroxide to aquatic life. It is highly expectable that residues of hydrogen peroxide emulsion (HPE) remain in rock and ground after blasting and find their way to surrounding waters the same way as AN does. Another published risk scenario is the transformation of harmless Cr(III) compounds in ground into water soluble super-toxic Cr(VI) by hydrogen peroxide. Also potential to increased concentrations of other water-soluble metal compounds should be studied before the large scale use of HPE products. We aim to answer these questions through meticulous research and real-world experiences.

FORCIT’s technical solution: a real-time emulsion module

We have developed a hydrogen peroxide charging module that produces emulsion in real time during charging. This innovation eliminates the need for storage or transport of emulsified material, significantly enhancing safety.

We approach all new product developments with a responsible mindset, ensuring that our solutions meet both safety and environmental requirements based on rigorous testing and fact-based conclusions. We remain committed to open collaboration with regulatory authorities and actively participate in European discussions on hydrogen peroxide-based explosives’ regulation and safety.

Hydrogen peroxide presents undeniable opportunities, but its controlled implementation requires extensive research and precise risk management. Our mission is to develop safe and sustainable solutions for the explosives industry—responsibly and with a long-term perspective.

WHAT IS GREEN HYDROGEN?

Green hydrogen refers to hydrogen produced using renewable energy sources. It is distinct from other forms of hydrogen production, such as gray hydrogen (derived from fossil fuels) and blue hydrogen (where carbon emissions are captured and stored).

How is green hydrogen produced?

Green hydrogen is generated through water electrolysis, a process that splits water (H2O) into hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) using renewable electricity, such as wind or solar power. Since this method produces no carbon dioxide emissions, it is considered a climate-friendly alternative to conventional hydrogen production methods. Hydrogen generated as a byproduct of sodium chlorate production can also be considered green, provided that the process is powered by renewable energy sources.