April 2022 Florida Pharmacy Association by Florida Pharmacy Today

APR. 2022

HUMAN TRAFFICKING

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florida PHARMACY TODAY Departments 4 Calendar 4 Advertisers 5 Executive Insight 7 Call for Resolutions 16 Call for Abstracts

VOL. 85 | NO. 4 APRIL 2022 THE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FLORIDA PHARMACY ASSOCIATION

Features

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Human Trafficking and the Role of Healthcare Providers

1882 - A Good Year for Medicine

FPA Board of Directors

Daniel Buffington......................................... President and Interim Board Chair Carol Motycka...................................................................................President Elect Elias Chahine................................................................................... FSHP President Alexander Pytlarz.................................................................Speaker of the House Verender Brown........................................................................Technician Director William Mincy............................................................................................ Treasurer TBD......................................................................................................... Vice Speaker Joyanna Wright.............................................................................Region 1 Director Tejas Patel.......................................................................................Region 2 Director Matt Schneller..............................................................Region 3 Director (Interim) Cheryl Rouse.................................................................................Region 4 Director Bob Parrado...................................................................................Region 5 Director Katherine Petsos...........................................................................Region 6 Director Paul Delisser..................................................................................Region 7 Director Carmen Aceves Gordon..............................................................Region 8 Director Goar Alvarez.................................................................................Region 9 Director Michael Jackson......................................................................................EVP & CEO APRIL 2022

Mission Statements:

FPA Calendar 2022

MAY 11

Last day to submit Resolutions for the House of Delegates

House of Delegates Board of Directors Zoom Meeting

21-22

FPA Virtual Consultant Conference JUNE

Last day for delegate registration FPA House of Delegates

Last day to submit items of new business

FPA Virtual Leadership Retreat

15-16

Florida Board of Pharmacy Meetings (Subject to approval)

JULY 4

FPA Office Closed

6-10

132nd Annual Meeting and Convention Ft. Lauderdale

Independence Day, FPA Office Closed

31-3

39th Annual SE Gatherin Destin AUGUST

FPA Board of Directors Meeting

CE CREDITS (CE cycle) The Florida Board of Pharmacy requires 10 hours’ LIVE continuing education as part of the required 30 hours’ general education needed every license renewal period. There is a two-hour CE requirement for pharmacists on the dispensing of controlled substances effective this biennial renewal period. The Reducing Medication Errors course is needed for pharmacists and technicians. Pharmacists should have satisfied all continuing education requirements for this biennial period by Sept. 30, 2023, or prior to licensure renewal. Consultant pharmacists and technicians will need to renew their licenses and registrations by Dec. 31, 2022. For the Pharmacy Technician Certification Board application, exam information and study materials, please contact the FPA office. For more information on CE programs or events, please contact the Florida Pharmacy Association at (850) 222-2400 or visit our website at www.floridapharmacy.org CONTACTS FPA — Tian Merren-Owens (850) 222-2400 FSHP — Tamekia Bennett (850) 906-9333 UF — Emely McKitrick (352) 273-5169

FAMU — Dr. Selika Sampson (850) 599-3301

Note: The views of the authors do not necessarily represent the views or opinions of the Florida Pharmacy Association, Florida Pharmacy Today or any related entities.

Florida Pharmacy Today Journal The Florida Pharmacy Today Journal is a peer-reviewed journal which serves as a medium through which the Florida Pharmacy Association can communicate with the profession on advances in the sciences of pharmacy, socio-economic issues bearing on pharmacy and newsworthy items of interest to the profession. As a self-supported journal, it solicits and accepts advertising congruent with its expressed mission.

Florida Pharmacy Today Board of Directors The mission of the Florida Pharmacy Today Board of Directors is to serve in an advisory capacity to the managing editor and executive editor of the Florida Pharmacy Today Journal in the establishment and interpretation of the Journal’s policies and the management of the Journal’s fiscal responsibilities. The Board of Directors also serves to motivate the Florida Pharmacy Association members to secure appropriate advertising to assist the Journal in its goal of self-support.

Advertisers APMS................................................................... 15 MARRIOTT......................................................... 11 PQC...................................................................... 18 PHARMACISTS MUTUAL................................ 2

NSU — Carsten Evans (954) 262-1300

DISCLAIMER Articles in this publication are designed to provide accurate and authoritative information with respect to the subject matter covered. This information is provided with the understanding that neither Florida Pharmacy Today nor the Florida Pharmacy Association is engaged in rendering legal or other professional services through this publication. If expert assistance or legal advice is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. The use of all medications or other pharmaceutical products should be used according to the recommendations of the manufacturers. Information provided by the maker of the product should always be consulted before use.

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FLORIDA PHARMACY TODAY

EMAIL YOUR SUGGESTIONS/IDEAS TO dave@fiorecommunications.com

Executive Insight MICHAEL JACKSON, BPHARM, RETIRED EVP & CEO, FLORIDA PHARMACY ASSOCIATION

Continuing Campaign for Pharmacist Provider Status

enacity is a term describing persistent and ongoing effort to achieve a goal. In the quest for provider status, our industry continues to fight for a long overdue recognition of the services provided by today’s highly trained pharmacist practitioners. There are some key questions to ask what this issue is and why are we asking for this. To understand this issue, let us look to the Medicare program. We all know that one of the largest payers of health care services is the Medicare and Medicaid program. Many health payer systems mimic the ongoing policies of these two Federal and State funded health programs. What we also know is that pharmacists have been providing a higher level of care for a number of years including but not limited to medication therapy management, general patient health consultations, assessments, immunization services, medication reconciliation, ordering and evaluating laboratory tests and many others. What we don’t have is a full recognition of these services by Medicare and Medicaid. Our state practice act and our accompanying rules has matured over the years clarifying that we have authority to perform a higher level of care. The problem is payment or lack thereof. Simply put, when you look at the list of recognized providers of health care under Medicare Part B, pharmacist provided services are not there. What can be done about this? The answer is to advocate for a change in Federal law that recognizes pharmacists as health care providers. For the past several years, Congress has been presented bills designed to correct this oversight however Washington, DC has

not acted on these proposals. This advocacy campaign for the first time has united all within our profession calling for a unified message to Congress. The message is simple. Recognizing pharmacists as health care providers is essential public health policy. Of course, it is designed to acknowledge the work of our colleagues but more important it creates an access point for the medically underserved.

The message is simple. Recognizing pharmacists as health care providers is essential public health policy. There are publications suggesting that we are facing a shortage of primary care providers. There are two pressing issues that are compounding this problem. Practitioners are approaching retirement age and are giving careful consideration to leaving the profession. Advocates are fighting to fix that through calling for additional funding

Michael Jackson, B.Pharm, CPh FPA CEO (Ret)

for medical schools and residency programs. While this can help, it is not enough. The population growth here in Florida is significant with some estimates suggesting that our state will swell by over 3 million citizens over the next 10 years. Compound this with the aging general population of Florida with longer life spans and you have a scenario where there are not enough health care workers. Add in the stressors of the pandemic and you have a formula ripe for changing policy. Our members need to be aware that H.R. 7213, the Equitable Community Access to Pharmacist Services Act has been filed and is designed to accomplish the following: ■ Enable pharmacists and pharmacies to be eligible providers for Medicare beneficiaries for testing for COVID-19, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and strep throat; treatment of COVID-19, influenza, and APRIL 2022

FPA STAFF ■

Director of Continuing Education Tian Merren-Owens, ext. 120

Continuing Education Coordinator Stacey Brooks, ext. 210 Coordinator of Membership Ranada Howard, ext. 110

FLORIDA PHARMACY TODAY BOARD Chair....................David Mackarey, Boynton Beach Vice Chair................................... Matt Schneller, Tampa Treasurer.................................... Eric Jakab, Gainesville Secretary............................. Julie Burger, Pensacola Member.........................Michael Finnick, Jacksonville Member....................... Carol Motycka, Jacksonville Member............................Teresa Tomerlin, Rockledge Member...................................... Greta Pelegrin, Hialeah Technician Member..........Julie Burger, Pensacola Executive Editor.......Michael Jackson, Tallahassee Managing Editor...................Dave Fiore, Tallahassee Journal Reviewer........................... Dr. Melissa Ruble Journal Reviewer....................................Dr. Angela Hill This is a peer-reviewed publication. . ©2022 FLORIDA PHARMACY JOURNAL, INC. ARTICLE ACCEPTANCE: The Florida Pharmacy Today is a publication that welcomes articles that have a direct pertinence to the current practice of pharmacy. All articles are subject to review by the Publication Review Committee, editors and other outside referees. Submitted articles are received with the understanding that they are not being considered by another publication. All articles become the property of the Florida Pharmacy Today and may not be published without written permission from both the author and the Florida Pharmacy Today. The Florida Pharmacy Association assumes no responsibility for the statements and opinions made by the authors to the Florida Pharmacy Today. The Journal of the Florida Pharmacy Association does not accept for publication articles or letters concerning religion, politics or any other subject the editors/publishers deem unsuitable for the readership of this journal. In addition, The Journal does not accept advertising material from persons who are running for office in the association. The editors reserve the right to edit all materials submitted for publication. Letters and materials submitted for consideration for publication may be subject to review by the Editorial Review Board.

FLORIDA PHARMACY ASSOCIATION

610 N. Adams St. • Tallahassee, FL 32301 850/222-2400 • FAX 850/561-6758 Web address: www.floridapharmacy.org.

■

strep throat; and vaccinations for COVID-19 and influenza. Establish Medicare coverage and payment for new pharmacy and pharmacist provided services in the case of public health emergencies and public health needs as determined by HHS. Such services would be limited to state scope of practice.

When you look at the coverage of the legislation, you may come to the conclusion that its scope is limited and that the services you are able to provide go far beyond what the bill is trying to do. Have faith in knowing that adoption of this legislation is the first step. With continuing advocacy efforts and good old fashion grassroots campaigning by our members, this initiative can go farther. The pandemic can be one of our major talking points supporting this need to change Federal policy. Our industry has been called upon

repeatedly by the Department of Health and Human Services and the White House to assist with mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic. When the request to step up and take on a larger role with COVID-19 testing and immunizations, more vaccines were put into arms of Americans by pharmacists than any other profession. We are the reason why this country will exit this current health care crisis. Let’s use this as equity to call for change that finally recognizes us for the value that we bring to consumers. The take home message for each of you is simply reach out to members of the Florida Congressional delegation and ask your member of Congress to sign on in support of H.R. 7213. Find your congressman through this tool on the Florida House of Representatives web site: https://www.myfloridahouse.gov/ Sections/Representatives/myrepresentative.aspx

CALL FOR RESOLUTIONS TO THE 2022 HOUSE OF DELEGATES The House of Delegates is now accepting resolutions for 2022. The last day to submit resolutions is May 11, 2022. The following information will be needed when submitting resolutions: 1. Name of organization: The name of the organization submitting the resolutions(s); 2. Name and telephone number of individuals: A contact in the event clarification or further information is needed; 3. Problem: A statement of the problem addressed by the resolution; 4. Intent: A statement of what passage of the resolution will accomplish; 5. Resolution Format: Please type and use double spacing. TITLE OF RESOLUTION NAME OF ORGANIZATION WHEREAS , AND

WHEREAS :

THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED (THAT THE FPA OR SUBDIVISION OF FPA)

CONTACT NAME AND PHONE #: PROBLEM: INTENT:

Return this form to: Membership Coordinator, Florida Pharmacy Association, 610 North Adams Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32301 or fax (850) 561-6758

APRIL 2022 |

HUMAN TRAFFICKING AND THE ROLE OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS AUTHORS: Antonio J. Carrion, PharmD, MPH, AAHIVP, CPh Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Public Health Tallahassee, Florida 32307 Antonio.carrion@famu.edu Phone: (850) 412-7376

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Briana Journee, PharmD, MBA, AAHIVP, CPh Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Public Health Tallahassee, Florida 32307 Briana.journee@famu.edu Phone: (850) 599-3687

FLORIDA PHARMACY TODAY

Estella Gordon, Shanell McNeal, Naida Rivera Pharm.D Candidates Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Public Health Tallahassee, Florida 32307 Estella1.gordon@famu.edu Naida.rivera@famu.edu Shanell1.mcneal@famu.edu Phone: (850) 599-3301

Nathaniel Eraikhuemen, PharmD Associate Professor & Division Director Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Public Health 10650 State Road 84, Suite 200 Davie, Florida 33324 Office: 954.376.6140 Fax: 954.424.6811 nathan.Eraikhuemen@famu.edu

INTRODUCTION

Human trafficking involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act. Every year, millions of men, women, and children are trafficked worldwide and it is at an all-time high in the United States.1 It is a pressing public health concern that transcends all races, social classes, demographics, and gender. Human trafficking is the third-largest source of income for organized crime, and there are twice as many people enslaved today as during the African slave trade.2 It is a major public health problem, both domestically and internationally. Health care providers are often the only professionals to interact with trafficking victims who are still in captivity. Health care providers are in a unique position to identify victims of human trafficking and provide initial important physical and psychological care for victims while in captivity. The pharmacist is one of the most accessible health-care providers and may have more contact with trafficking victims than other health-care providers in the United States.

GLOBAL STATISTICS

Human trafficking is an estimated $150 billion industry globally and continues to grow annually.3 The International Labor Organization's (ILO) 2016 estimate reveals that 40.3 million people were victimized worldwide through modernday slavery.3 Of the 40.3 million victims in 2016, 29 million

were women and girls (72% of total amount).3 Almost 5 million in 2016 were victims of forced sexual exploitation globally, with children making up more than 20% of that number.3 According to 2016 global estimates, 25 million persons have been subjected to forced labor worldwide, and 15.4 million in forced marriages.3 Unfortunately, human trafficking continues to plague the world and has not been eradicated. Precise numbers on human trafficking are challenging due to the nature of this public health problem, but it is a public health emergency.

RECRUITMENT

The majority of human trafficking victims come from low socio-economic backgrounds. Many women end up in trafficking because they lacked the education required for jobs in their countries of origin; subsequently, they migrate to other countries where they may end up being victims of human trafficking. Human trafficking victims are deceived through promises of free or affordable accommodation, job, or marriage in a better country. Traffickers also use isolation from family, friends, and the public to keep their victims in captivity. Women and girls make up 55 percent of the total number of estimated victims, 55 percent of the victims of forced labor, and 98 percent of the victims of sexual exploitation.4 The current COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with the onset of a global financial crisis, may undoubtedly reduce the global demand for labor and a growing supply of workers willing

APRIL 2022

to take additional risks for employment. However, the lack of job opportunities due to the impact of COVID-19 may likely increase the numbers of persons trafficked in the coming year. The two largest sources of trafficked persons in the United States are from Mexico and counties in East Asia.5

removal of organs. Thus, the UN defines human trafficking as the induction by force, fraud, or coercion of a person to engage in the sex trade, or the harboring, transportation, or obtaining of a person for labor service or organ removal.4

PROSTITUTION AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACES) can increase the likelihood of risk-taking behaviors. According to the ACE Pyramid, neurodevelopment is disrupted or stunted following an adverse childhood experience.7 Social, emotional, and cognitive impairments result, which progress to high-risk behaviors that negatively impact overall health. Trafficking abuse reports were highest among children with an ACE score of six or greater. According to a 2017 study, sexual abuse was the most reliable predictor of a person's exploitation by traffickers.7 Lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) individuals had higher ACE scores than their heterosexual counterparts. The transgender community may seek out expensive hormone therapy and resort to "survival sex." The higher prevalence of ACES among LGB individuals might account for some of the increased risks for poor adult health outcomes, poor choices, and heightened risk of being trafficked. Transgender youths may have additional vulnerabilities that heighten their risk of being trafficked. Transgender individuals with HIV are also vulnerable to being trafficked as they struggle to have their basic needs of food and shelter met.

There is a difference between prostitution and human trafficking. Prostitution is defined as the practice of engaging in relatively indiscriminate sexual activity, with someone who is not a spouse or a friend, in exchange for immediate payment in money or other valuables.6 Prostitutes may be female or male or transgender, and prostitution may entail heterosexual or homosexual activity, but historically most prostitutes have been women and most clients are men.6 (Table 1) Human trafficking is a form of modern-day slavery involving the illegal transport of individuals by force or deception for the purpose of labor, sexual exploitation, or activities in which others benefit financially.6 Human trafficking is a global problem affecting people of all ages and yet, a uniform definition has not been internationally adopted. The United Nations (UN) divides human trafficking into three categories—sex trafficking, labor trafficking, and the Table 1.

SUSCEPTIBILITY FACTORS

Differences Between Prostitution and Sex Trafficking

PROSTITUTION

SEX TRAFFICKING

The individual is generally aware of the type of work in which she/he will participate (voluntary involvement)

The individual is generally unaware of the type of work in which she/ he will be doing (involuntary involvement)

The men or women work independently or with a pimp

The women always have a pimp or trafficker

Commonly work in the same geographic location

Commonly moved by the trafficker to different geographic locations

The men/women are generally paid

The women are generally not paid

The activity may be legal or illegal

Always illegal

Does not always involves force, fraud or coercion

Always involves force, fraud or coercion

Data source: John Philip Jenkins. prostitution | Definition, History, & Facts | Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica, inc. December 20, 2019. https://www.britannica. com/topic/prostitution. Accessed February 14, 2020. 10 | F L O R I D A P H A R M A C Y T O D A Y

TRAFFICKERS OPERATE IN VERY STRATEGIC MANNERISMS. THEY CAN SPEND MONTHS SCOPING AND PLANNING, LEARNING WOMEN'S DAILY ROUTINES.

SEX TRAFFICKERS’ MANNERISMS

Traffickers operate in very strategic mannerisms. They can spend months scoping and planning, learning women's daily routines. This approach helps for scheduling the best time to abduct their victims. It may be an abduction on vulnerable individuals or to a level of luring women to meet through advertising modeling jobs, advertisements to work or study abroad. It may start out as somewhat a valid job opportunity; later after gaining trust, they use these women as objects. Traffickers often tell women they are attractive and beautiful to see how they respond. If a woman responds in a manner where they may seem shy or timid they use that as an opportunity to win them over. The traffickers may even go as far as promising marriage, education, employment or a better life. In addition, there are also cases where undocumented immigrants may be seeking the aid of smugglers to get into the United State and then debt the bondage ensues. Unfortunately, intimate partners or parents have been known to sell their children to traffickers.5 Table 2

Table 2. Common ways girls and Women become victims

Abduction Promises of marriage, education, employment or a better life Advertisements for modelling jobs; work or study abroad Smugglers and then debt bondage Sold to traffickers by parent or intimate partners

THE COST OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING

There is a cost to human trafficking that is not only directly related to financial aspects. There is a personal health cost, related to physical and emotional injuries which include: burns, anxiety, Post Traumatic Syndromes Disease (PTSD), unsafe abortions, substance abuse, HIV/AIDS, depression/ suicide, sexual violence and more. There is evidence that trafficking leads to more trafficking, an unhealthy cycle of ill behavior, which in turn increases HIV among individuals and increased HIV in the community. A sad repetitive series of family members being trafficked, leads to more members being trafficked. Other family members are trafficked due to lack of finances. APRIL 2022 |

MISSED OPPORTUNITIES

Pediatricians and other health care professionals may encounter victims who present with infections, injuries, posttraumatic stress disorder, suicidality, or a variety of other physical or behavioral health conditions. Health care providers are often the first professionals to have contact with trafficked women and girls. One study reported that about 50 percent of trafficked individuals saw a health care professional during their exploitation. One half of all female victims of sex trafficking have visited the emergency department while involved in sex trafficking.8

REDUCING HUMAN TRAFFICKING

Awareness is one of the most important factors in fighting against human trafficking. Being aware is knowing how much human trafficking is occurring today, what a victim could look like, and how to help out a specific individual. Identification is a second important factor in reducing trafficking. There are certain ways that we can identify victims; if they constantly look beaten and bruised, if they have difficulty speaking English, lack of identification, a fear of authorities, and other related factors. Third, reporting suspicious acts of trafficking can help combat this horrible act. If

FLORIDA PHARMACY TODAY

you suspect that someone is being trafficked, contact the National Human Trafficking Resource Center either via toll free phone, text, or even email. Lastly, spreading the word and communicating the reality of trafficking is important. One of the most effective ways to spread awareness of human trafficking is simply by word of mouth. Perhaps the most popular means of this is through the End It Movement, where people wear red Xs on their hand in public in efforts to draw attention to human trafficking.4

SEX TRAFFICKING LANGUAGE AND TERMINOLOGY

Like a majority of illegal acts, human trafficking has an official dialect of its own. The term daddy is what a pimp will often require his victim to call him. A pimp who controls his victims almost entirely through physical violence and force is called a gorilla pimp, whereas, a Romeo/finesse pimp prides himself on manipulating others primarily through psychological means. While he may shower his victims with fondness and gifts (especially during the recruitment phase), the threat of violence is always present. Branding is a name given to the tattoo or carving on a vic-

tim that signifies ownership by a trafficker/pimp/gang. The pimp also has expectations, quotas, to be met every day. The quota is a set amount of money that a trafficking victim must make each night before she can return “home.” The typical quotas are often set between $300 and $2,000. The victim cannot return without meeting the quota, if she does, she is usually beaten or tortured and sent back out to earn the rest. Like normal market sales, quotas vary base on geography and demand. The term circuit refers to a series of cities among which prostituted people are moved. The circuit helps maximize dates, the trade when prostitution takes place, or the action of prostitution. A victim is said to be “with a date” or “dating.” Women and girls will say they’ve been “in the life” if they’ve been engaged in prostitution for a long period of time. These women are sometimes referred to as “Bottom.” A Bottom is the female appointed by the trafficker/pimp to oversee the others and report rule violations. Operating as his “right hand,” the Bottom may help instruct victims, collect money, book hotel rooms, post ads, or inflict punishments on other girls.9 Table 3 Table 3: Common Terms Used in Trafficking

Daddy Gorilla Pimp Romeo/FInesse Pimp Branding Quota Date The Life Bottom

APPROACH TECHNIQUES

It is important to demonstrate an approachable, relaxed body language to make the individual comfortable. Use of empathetic listening techniques and maintaining eye contact ensues the victim knows they have your undivided attention. Staying engaged and listening are more important than taking notes. It is vital to be clear about what services you can offer. Building trust, offering the victims the necessary support, referrals, and resources to escape their situation are often the suitable course of action. Brochures, pamphlets, and pocket cards displayed in examination rooms, waiting rooms, or, more discretely, in bathrooms in addition to contact information for organizations are beneficial for victims. Health care providers who suspect a competent adult is a victim of human trafficking must not involve law enforcement or social service providers without the patient’s express consent.

IMPACT ON PHARMACY

Pharmacists and other health care providers are often the only professionals that trafficked victims will come in contact with.5 If pharmacists can recognize the unique signs of a trafficked victim, they can possibly have the opportunity to ask pointed questions to the victim or the victim’s “guardian” that might give the pharmacist clarity on whether or not the individual is a victim. Contact the National Human Trafficking Resource Center with any information on the potential victim; this center may be able to put the pharmacist in contact with the appropriate local organization.

THE ROLE OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS Healthcare providers recognize the scope of the impact trauma has on an individual victim’s lifespan and how it can lessen any chance of inflicting more injury on victims. Providers’ understanding of the signs of trauma, verbal and nonverbal cues, and their response by following predetermined protocols for identification, treatment, and appropriate referrals are essential elements of trauma-informed care.1 It involves the entire healthcare team and the incorporation of shared decision-making practices. Safety, transparency, and collaboration with peers and agencies are vital. It is essential that the approach accounts for culture and gender equality, LGBTQ considerations and support, and most importantly, an empowering environment. The pharmacist, operating as an easily accessible health professional, develops a close and trusting relationship with their patients. Appointments are often not necessary to see a pharmacist, and pharmacists can encounter dozens of patients in a single day, especially when working in community settings. A pharmacist should be able to recognize the APRIL 2022

clues of a possible victim of sex trafficking. Some clues may involve the frequent filling of medications to treat sexually transmitted infections and the purchasing of pregnancy tests or emergency contraception. Trafficking victims may have no insurance coverage; thus, often pay for prescriptions and over-the-counter medications with cash.10 Once a victim of trafficking is identified, a pharmacist and the victim-client will need to put together a plan. The health care provider should be aware of the following: 1) the provider cannot compel the victim to report the crime, and 2) the victim and/or victim’s family may be at risk for great harm if she reports the crime.5 In the case the victim is a minor, the provider is under legal obligation to report the encounter to child protective services. The plan is patient specific, but the provider should consider reporting to the National Human Trafficking Resource Center (1-888-3737888). This national referral line will assist in locating the local resources for the victims and develop a safety plan that is appropriate to the client-victim.

CONCLUSION

Human trafficking is the business of robbing individuals of their freedom for revenue. In some cases, traffickers trick, deceive or physically force victims into offering sex for money. In others, victims are lied to, assaulted, threatened or influenced into working under brutal, illegal or otherwise unacceptable circumstances. It has been recognized as a multi-billion-dollar criminal business that denies freedom to 24.9 million people across the world.11 It is now the job of the community to work against human trafficking and put it to an end.

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REFERENCES

1. U.S Department of Homeland Security. What Is Human Trafficking? | Homeland Security. Blue Campaign. https:// www.dhs.gov/blue-campaign/what-human-trafficking. Published 2015. Accessed February 14, 2020. 2. Dovydaitis T. Human trafficking: The role of the health care provider. J Midwifery Women’s Heal. 2010;55(5):462-467. doi:10.1016/j.jmwh.2009.12.017 3. Cracking The $150 Billion Business Of Human Trafficking. https://www.forbes.com/sites/ carmenniethammer/2020/02/02/cracking-the-150-billionbusiness-of-human-trafficking/#570decbc4142. Accessed February 14, 2020. 4. Dickman E, Spears A, Burval J, Hasty C. Human Trafficking.; 2016. http://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/public_health_ postershttp://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/public_health_ posters/9. Accessed February 14, 2020. 5. Dovydaitis T. Human Trafficking: The Role of the Health Care Provider. 2010. doi:10.1016/j.jmwh.2009.12.017 6. John Philip Jenkins. prostitution | Definition, History, & Facts | Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. December 20, 2019. https://www.britannica.com/topic/prostitution. Accessed February 14, 2020. 7. Farrell A, Bright K. Human Trafficking. In: The Handbook of Measurement Issues in Criminology and Criminal Justice. wiley; 2016:111-130. doi:10.1002/9781118868799.ch6 8. Waugh L. Human Trafficking and the Health Care System. NCSL Legisbrief. 2018;26(14):1-2. https://www.ncsl.org/ research/health/human-trafficking-and-the-health-caresystem.aspx. Accessed February 14, 2020. 9. Common Sex Trafficking Language. sharedhope. https:// sharedhope.org/the-problem/trafficking-terms/. Accessed February 14, 2020. 10. Palombi LC, Van Ochten H, Patz C. The Pharmacists’ Role in Identifying and Supporting Victims of Human Trafficking. J Hum Traffick. 2019;5(3):255-266. doi:10.1080/23322705.2018. 1494486 11. Polaris. Human Trafficking | Polaris. https://polarisproject. org/human-trafficking/. Published 2017. Accessed February 14, 2020.

1882 - A Good Year for Medicine By William Garst

as: ■ ■

William Garst, Pharm.D. Consultant Pharmacist

■ ■ ■

Many noteworthy events occurred in 1882, such Robert Koch announced the discovery of the bacterium that causes tuberculosis Thomas Edison flipped the switch to the first commercial electrical power plant in the United States, lighting one square mile of lower Manhattan. This is considered by many as the day that began the electrical age Franklin D. Roosevelt, our 32nd President, was born The first Labor Day Parade was held in New York City Serbian inventor Nikola Tesla identifies the Magnetic Induction Field Principle: The idea behind the generation of electricity using rotating magnets

However, in 1882 another event occurred that seemed obscure at the time but eventually had a major impact on modern medicine. An American chemist, B.S. Burton, needed a liquid to dissolve substances that would not dissolve readily in water. The liquid he synthesized was valproic acid, a substance similar to valeric acid found naturally in valerian. (Valerian root is used in herbal medicine for insomnia, anxiety, and stress management.) Valproic acid would remain a common solvent used in chemical laboratories for many decades, but it was not known to have any other use than to dissolve substances that would not dissolve easily in water. In 1962, Pierre Eymard, a French pharmacology student, needed a substance to dissolve chemicals he was testing for anticonvulsant activity for his graduate thesis. Fortunately, he chose valproic acid as the solvent vehicle in his experiments, and during the testing of these compounds he found they all had anticonvulsant activity. Being a good scientist, he decided to test the solvent without any substances added as a “control.” A control is used in science to make sure the results of the experiments can be attributed to the chemicals added to the solvent. He found the valproic acid solvent alone had anticonvulsant properties. The drug, valproic acid (also called valproate) was approved for use for seizures in France in 1967, but it was not until 1978 that valproate was approved for use in the US and is now available in over 100 countries. In addition, it is used for other conditions and has been the subject of over 5,000 research publications.

THE STORY OF VALPROATE IS NOT ABOUT AN INTENTIONAL SEARCH FOR A DRUG, BUT AN EXCELLENT ILLUSTRATION OF THE SERENDIPITOUS OCCURRENCES THAT HAPPEN IN SCIENCE. Currently the medical uses of valproate include: epilepsy, mental illness (bi-polar disorder and schizophrenia), and prevention of migraine headaches. Common brand names used in the US are: Depakene, Depakote, and Depacon. The formulations include immediate release capsules, delayed-release tablets, extended-release tablets, oral liquid, and injectable. Valproate is not without its side effects and adverse reactions. It can cause nausea, drowsiness, and weakness. The severe adverse reactions include bleeding (low blood platelets), encephalopathy (brain disease), and suicidal behavior and thoughts. The drug is known to be associated with birth defects and should not be used in pregnancy. The story of valproate is not about an intentional search for a drug, but an excellent illustration of the serendipitous occurrences that happen in science. It all started when a laboratory chemist made a solvent for experiments, then many decades later a French student scientist used that solvent as a “control” during his experiments and discovered the compound valproic acid (valproate) had anticonvulsant activity, which has become an important drug in modern medicine. Stay informed and stay healthy. William Garst is a consultant pharmacist who resides in Alachua, Florida. He received his bachelor’s degree in pharmacy from Auburn University in 1975. He earned a master’s degree in pharmacy from the University of Florida in 2001. In 2007, he received his doctor of pharmacy from the University of Colorado. Dr. Garst is a member of many national professional associations as well as the local Alachua County Association of Pharmacists. He serves on the Alachua County Health Care Advisory Board. He works part-time at the UF Health Psychiatric Hospital and retired from the VA in 2016. Dr. Garst enjoys golf, reading (especially history) and family. He writes a blog called The Pharmacy Newsletter (https://thepharmacy newsletter.com). He can be contacted at communitypharmacynewsletter@gmail.com.

CALL FOR ABSTRACTS FOR POSTER PRESENTATIONS FLORIDA PHARMACY ASSOCIATION 132nd ANNUAL MEETING AND CONVENTION

July 6-10, 2022 Marriott Harbor Beach Resort ♦ Ft. Lauderdale, Florida Poster Session: Friday, July 8, 2022 ♦ 11:00AM-1:00PM COST ONE DAY REGISTRATION The FPA Poster Presentations are open to PHARMACISTS, RESIDENTS, STUDENTS, AND TECHNICIANS. Complete and submit this COVERSHEET for each abstract submission. Submissions must be received no later than Friday, May 6, 2022. Abstracts will NOT be accepted after this date. Mail or E-mail this application along with the abstract submission to:

PLEASE TYPE

Tian Merren Owens, MS, PharmD, Director of Continuing Education Florida Pharmacy Association 610 N. Adams Street Tallahassee, FL 32301 tmerren@pharmview.com

Contact Information: Presenter's Name: _______________________________________________________________________________ □ Pharmacist

□ Resident

□Student

□ Technician

Address: ________________________________________________________________________________________ City, State, Zip: ___________________________________________________________________________________ Telephone No: _____________________E-Mail Address: _________________________________________________ College of Pharmacy: _____________________________________________________________________________ Abstract Title: ____________________________________________________________________________________ Poster Type:

□ Basic Science Research □ Best Practice □ Clinical Research □ Literature Review □ Translational Research (Basic Science and Clinical Research)

Primary Author: __________________________________________________________________________________ (Presenter will be notified by mail of acceptance). Co-Author(s): ____________________________________________________________________________________ Awards:

Posters will be eligible for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd place prizes to be presented at Convention. (Only one prize is given for each winning poster)

ABSTRACT FORMAT The abstract form submitted should be the equivalent of one page. The abstract should include: Title (Include authors’ names and name of College of Pharmacy), Purpose, Methods, Results, and Conclusions. Abstracts will not be accepted if they are not in this format. Do not include figures or graphs.

Please direct all questions and concerns to: Tian Merren Owens ♦ (850) 222-2400 ext. 120 ♦ tmerren@pharmview.com DEADLINE DATE: FRIDAY, MAY 6, 2022

Protect your patients. Protect your pharmacy. ERRORS CA N IN JURE PATIENTS A N D PUT YOUR PHARMACY IN F I NANCIAL JEO PARDY.

The PQC+ QA program can improve efficiency and increase patient safety as well as help you meet accreditation, credentialing, PBM and state Quality Assurance requirements. • Training, Quality Assurance CE, and resources • Patient Safety Organization protection for your QA work • Practical tools to collect and analyze patient safety data

Learn more at www.medicationsafety.org or call us at (866) 365-7472. The Alliance of Medication Safety (APMS) is a federally listed Patient Safety Organization (PSO). APRIL 2022 |

132nd 132nd Annual Meeting and Convention an

General Education Track You You Don't Don't Consultant Education Track Want Want to Miss Student & Technician to Track Mis Social Distanced Special Events This! This! Networking Opportunities

Exhibits • Poster Presentations Exh • Receptions i b i t•s Awards •

Room Rates: Room $195 plus tax based on Rates: single/double occupancy.$195 The room reservation room deadline is Friday, reservation June 17, 2022 or when room d block is full. block is full. Thereafter, reservations may be taken on a space Ther available or available rate available basis. There is an optional or resort rate fee. Selfav parking is parking discounted to $12 per day. Please is be sure discoun to ask for the Florida Pharmacy Florida Association group rate. Pharmacy All reservations must be accompanied accompanied by a first night room deposit guaranteed with a major by a credit card. credit The check-in time is 4:00 card. p.m. and the checkout The time is ch 11:00 a.m. 11:00 a.m.

Room reservations Marriot Marriot Harbor Beach ResortHarbor Beach Reso M can be made by calling July 6 -10, 2022 && Spa, Ft. Spa, Lauderdale, FL, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33316 33316 (800) 222-6543 18

Venue

FLORIDA PHARMACY TODAY

FPA 132nd Annual Meeting and Convention July 6-10, 2022v Ft. Lauderdale, FL

55Daily Education Registration

Participant Information Participant Information

Daily registration does not include admittance to functions or handbooks. Handouts will be posted on our website July 5.

Name: _____________________________________________________ Name _______________________________________________ Address______________________________________________ Badge Name: _______________________________________________ City, State, Zip_________________________________________ Mailing Address: ____________________________________________ Phone___ ________________________ City, State, Zip: _____________________________________________ Email________________________________________________ Phone: (W) (H)_______________________ Practice Setting________________________________________ License: PS______________ PU _____________RPT_________ Fax: ______________________________________________________ NABP Date of Birth___________ License:e-profile#__________________ PS________________ PU_________ Other State________ Emergency Contact Name/Number_________________________

Full Package Registration

Full package registration includes Educational Programs Thursday-Sunday, House of Delegates on Thursday, Exhibit Hall Friday and Saturday, Receptions, and Awards Event on Saturday. Handbooks are not included in full package registration. Handouts will be available the week of the convention on our website, www.floridapharmacy.org. Onsite

Amount_

2FPA Member

$345

$430

$_______

Non-Member

$525

$610

$_______

Pharmacist BEST Value

$540

$625

$_______

Member Technician

$155

$185

$_______

Non-Member Technician

$175

$210

$_______

Technician BEST Value

$185

$220

$_______

$150

$170

$_______

$40

$_______

3Student

Handbooks

(BEST Value includes Registration & Membership)

Onsite

Amount

FPA Member

$165

$185

$_______

Non-Member

$215

$235

$_______

Member Technician

$65

$85

$_______

Non-Member Technician

$90

$110

$_______

Handbooks

$40

$_______

Please select the day(s) you will attend: ¨Thursday

Before June 17

Before

June 17

¨Friday

¨Sunday

Additional Tickets

The following events are included in the Full Registration Package, if requested. However, you must purchase additional tickets for guests who are NOT registered. Quantity

Price

Amount

Exhibit Hall

$30

$______

Awards Event

$80

$______

Special Events Registration

The Poster Event is available to all pharmacy professionals and included in full and daily registrations. The Student Awards Event is not included in any registration packages. Quantity

Price

Amount

Poster Presenter One Day Registration $______ (Registration fee is based upon membership and professional status for non-convention registrants.) Student Awards Event

Please indicate below which functions you will attend. If no boxes are selected, we will assume you will not attend any of the events listed below. Please see box 6 for additional tickets.

¨Saturday

_______

$50

$______

FPA Polo Shirt (Deadline is June 3) Quantity Price ¨

Yes

______

$35

M/F ______

Size ______

Amount $_______

House of Delegates (Thursday)

FPPC Reception (Thursday)

Exhibit Hall (Friday and/or Saturday)

Awards Event (Saturday)

Christian Fellowship (Sunday)

¨Check (To: FPA) ¨AMEX ¨Discover ¨MasterCard ¨Visa

I will not attend any of these functions.

Account # ____________________________________________

House of Delegates

House of Delegates (Non-convention registrants)

Payment

Total Enclosed: $______

Security Code _________________ Expiration Date __________ Before June 8 $165

Amount ______

Billing Address ________________________________________ Signature ____________________________________________

Four Ways to Register

Mail: FPA, 610 North Adams Street, Tallahassee, FL 32301 Phone: 850-222-2400 Fax: 850-561-6758 Web: www.floridapharmacy.org

Schedule and Fees Subject to Change

APRIL 2022

“I’M ALWAYS WATCHING OUT FOR MY PATIENTS, BUT WHO’S WATCHING OUT FOR ME?”

WE ARE. We are the Alliance for Patient Medication Safety (APMS), a federally listed Patient Safety Organization. Our Pharmacy Quality Commitment (PQC) program: • • • •

Helps you implement and maintain a continuous quality improvement program Offers federal protection for your patient safety data and your quality improvement work Assists with quality assurance requirements found in network contracts, Medicare Part D, and state regulations Provides tools, training and support to keep your pharmacy running efficiently and your patients safe

Call toll free (866) 365-7472 or visit www.pqc.net PQC IS BROUGHT TO YOU BY YOUR STATE PHARMACY ASSOCIATION

April 2022 Florida Pharmacy Association

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