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Quality Cities Magazine Volume 99 | Number 1
PUBLISHER
Jeannie Garner
DIRECTOR, COMMUNICATIONS
Kelli Gemmer Roerk
EDITOR
Brooke Harrison
GRAPHIC DESIGNERS
Sydney Fraser
Jena Glantz
Bonnie Hacker
CIRCULATION
Annie Wood
Stay informed: Visit our website at flcities.com.
Quality Cities (formerly Quality Cities ’90) (ISSN 0892-4171) (USPS Number: 201-780) serves as a medium of exchange of ideas and information on municipal affairs for the public officials of Florida. The views expressed and the data presented by contributors and advertisers are not to be construed as having the endorsement of the Florida League of Cities unless so specifically stated. No material from this publication may be reprinted without the express permission of the editor.
The mailing address for the publishers of Quality Cities is P.O. Box 1757, Tallahassee, FL 32302-1757. The telephone number is 850.222.9684, and the email address is bharrison@ flcities.com. Offices are located at 301 S. Bronough St., Suite 300, Tallahassee, FL 32301-1722. Quality Cities is published twice a year by the Florida League of Cities. Postage Paid at Tallahassee, FL, No. 669.
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EDITORIAL STATEMENT:
Stories that spotlight Florida cities, celebrate their impact on our quality of life, and inspire city leaders to advocate for local voices making local choices.
(7) Morris West, Vice Mayor, Haines City (8) Thomas Reid, Vice Mayor, South Pasadena
(8) Trish Springer, Councilor, Seminole (9) Ed Dodd, Mayor, Sebastian
(10) Brian Williams, Commissioner, Palmetto (11) Joanne Ribble, Mayor, Estero
(12) Jeff Hmara, Mayor, Royal Palm Beach
(12) J.P. O’Connor, Mayor, Westlake
(12) Chelsea Reed, Councilwoman, Palm Beach Gardens
(12) Molly Young, Mayor, Tequesta
(13) Felicia Brunson, Mayor, West Park
(13) Traci L. Callari, Commissioner, Hollywood
(13) Joyce Davis, Commissioner, Dania Beach
(13) Todd Drosky, Mayor, Deerfield Beach
(13) Denise Horland, Councilmember, Plantation
(13) Henry Mead, Vice Mayor, Weston (13) Susan Starkey, Councilwoman, Davie (14) Joseph Corradino, Mayor, Pinecrest (14) Karyn Cunningham, Mayor, Palmetto Bay
(14) Rodney Harris, Mayor, Miami Gardens (14) Omarr C. Nickerson, Mayor, El Portal
10 MOST POPULOUS CITIES
Rahman Johnson, Council Member, Jacksonville
Damian Pardo, Commissioner, Miami
Luis Viera, Councilman, Tampa
Robert Stuart, Commissioner, Orlando
Copley Gerdes, Council Chair, St. Petersburg Vacant, Hialeah
Stephanie Morgan, Councilwoman, Port St. Lucie
Dianne Williams-Cox, Mayor Pro Tem, Tallahassee
John Gunter, Mayor, Cape Coral
Dean Trantalis, Mayor, Fort Lauderdale
PAST PRESIDENTS
Scott Black, Mayor, Dade City
Joy Cooper, Mayor, Hallandale Beach
Patricia Bates, Mayor, Altamonte Springs
Leo E. Longworth, Commissioner, Bartow
Isaac Salver, Mayor, Bay Harbor Islands
Antonio “Tony” Ortiz, Commissioner, Orlando
Jolien Caraballo, Vice Mayor, Port St. Lucie
FCCMA LIAISON
Michael P. Pleus, City Manager, DeLand
FLC EXECUTIVE STAFF
Jeannie Garner, Executive Director/CEO
Eric Hartwell, General Counsel/Chief Legal Officer
Maclain Benton, Chief Financial Officer
Casey Cook, Chief of Legislative Affairs
Chris Krepcho, Chief of Insurance and Financial Services
Jenna Tala, Chief of Strategy and External Affairs
Michaela Metcalfe, Board Relations Administrator
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Meetings Calendar
JULY 21-24, 2025
Florida Local Government Information Systems
Association Annual Conference
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Contact Becky Brennan
JULY 24-26, 2025
Florida Municipal Attorneys Association Annual Seminar
The Boca Raton
Contact Sheri Beal
AUGUST 14-16, 2025
Florida League of Cities Annual Conference
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Contact Melanie Howe
OCTOBER 27-31, 2025
Florida Government Finance Officers Association School of Governmental Finance
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Contact Karen Pastula
OCTOBER 13-18, 2025
Florida Redevelopment Association Annual Conference
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OCTOBER 10-12, 2025
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OCTOBER 24-26, 2025
Institute for Elected Municipal Officials II
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DECEMBER 4-5, 2025
Florida League of Cities Legislative Conference
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Contact Melanie Howe
Turning Advocacy Into Action
President Michael C. Blake Mayor, City of Cocoa
Congratulations on a successful 2025 Legislative Session! Your voices, your stories, and your presence shaped the outcome of a legislative session unlike any we’ve seen before. Thanks to your unwavering engagement, we saw the highest level of member involvement in League history, from standing-roomonly Legislative Action Days (see p. 8) to record participation in Monday Morning Call-Ins to Legislative Briefings.
Despite disagreement dominating the tone in Tallahassee this year and an extended session that pushed well into June, our collective voice helped protect critical revenue streams and defend against several harmful preemption bills. (See p. 26 for the session wrap-up story.)
Much of that momentum began at the Legislative Conference, where we set the Legislative Platform that would guide our priorities for the months ahead (see p. 54 for a recap.) Your leadership through our policy committees gave the platform its foundation (see p. 34). And your relationships helped educate legislators on the importance of local decision-making and impacted the trajectory of this session. (See p. 18 for more on how meaningful relationships bring local perspectives.)
But advocacy doesn’t just happen in the Capitol. It occurs in your city halls, commission chambers, and conversations with your legislators throughout the year. (See p. 62 for a roadmap to effective year-round advocacy.)
As we continue this momentum, I invite you to stay engaged. Attend our monthly Quality Cities Live webinars. Join a legislative policy committee. And make plans now to attend this year’s Annual Conference in Orlando (see p. 5 for details).
Let’s continue to educate our legislators about the necessity of local voices making local choices. Together, we can drive meaningful change for our communities.
Michael C. Blake
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Florida Cities Unite
a t the Capitol
Largest attendance on record marks powerful show of advocacy
By Brooke Harrison Florida League of Cities
Every year during the legislative session, city officials from across the state meet in Tallahassee to visit lawmakers and advocate for local decision-making.
Legislative Action Days, hosted by the Florida League of Cities (FLC), is an opportunity for members to peek behind the curtain of the legislative process and to share with legislators the impacts of legislation on their cities. This year marked the largest attendance to date, including 120 first-time participants.
Day one kicked things off with a prep meeting for visiting members, hosted at League headquarters. Thanks to attendee feedback from recent years, the FLC legislative team organized this session to dive deeper into key issues and better prepare members for their meetings at the Capitol.
This year, over 500 bills impacting cities were filed, so there was no shortage of issues to discuss. Legislative Action Days takes place during the fourth week of the legislative session, at which point every bill is still very much on the table.
The League lobbying team briefed attendees the next morning in a packed City Hall, with FLC President Michael C. Blake presiding.
“I am extremely proud of our membership,” said Blake. “There’s power in numbers. Thank you for representing your city, your community, and for taking your story to your state legislators to let them know where you stand.”
Blake also recognized the legislative policy committee chairs, the Advocacy Committee Chair, and the Federal Action Strike Team (FAST) Chair for their dedicated efforts. These committees meet regularly to bolster the League’s advocacy efforts. (See p. 34 to learn more about the committees and chairs.)
In a panel setup moderated by FLC Chief of Legislative Affairs Casey Cook, legislative staff outlined priority bills, the League’s best arguments, and what to expect from the other side. This session was all about equipping members with the knowledge and talking points to best explain their opposition and answer legislators’ questions.
“We believe you should have the power to solve problems with your own solutions; Tallahassee shouldn’t tell you what to do or how to make your decisions,” Cook said. “It’s important that legislators hear your perspectives and that you remind them that you know your communities best. You know what your residents want, you’re responsive to them, and one size doesn’t fit all.”
Dade City Commissioner Kristin Church added, “As municipal leaders, we are directly connected to the people, and we can bring the voice of the people to Tallahassee.”
Cook pointed out that there are fewer legislators who have “walked in [members’] shoes” by serving in local government. “They don’t understand the challenges you face. It’s your job to educate them,” Cook said.
Members split up into small groups by region to meet with legislators at the Capitol.
“These conversations matter. The relationships you build today will shape what happens next year and beyond,” Blake told attendees.
In addition to their sit-down meetings with legislators, attendees had the opportunity to sit in on committee meetings, wave in support or opposition, and watch League lobbyists testify on key issues.
The day was capped by an evening of networking.
“I am a newly elected council member, so this event gave me an opportunity to speak with other elected officials across the state. We’re just collaborating and learning from each other,” said Megan Moscoso , Council Member from the City of Titusville
By showing up and building relationships with legislators, the League’s members and legislative team were able to make an impact during this legislative session. (See p. 26 for a recap of the 2025 Legislative Session.)
“It’s great seeing the corridors of the Capitol maxed out with the people who are concerned and fighting for the citizens of their communities,” Blake said. “I’m extremely ecstatic and proud, and it was a great day for the state of Florida and for our local officials.”
Brooke Harrison is Editor/Project Manager at the
Florida League of Cities. QC
From Debate to Dialogue: Youth Councils at the Capitol
By Eryn Russell Florida League of Cities
On March 25-26, 2025, the Florida League of Cities hosted its annual FLC Youth Council Legislative Action Days in Tallahassee. Eight youth councils were in attendance from Cape Coral, Largo, Miami Beach, Niceville, Ocoee, Port St. Lucie, Sanford, and Surfside
This year’s program, “Civility in Action: Turning Conflict into Collaboration,” featured interactive training sessions and hands-on activities, where participants explored the importance of civility, conflict resolution, and critical thinking. They learned practical strategies to communicate effectively, navigate difficult conversations, and collaborate successfully.
Workshops covered topics such as developing rules of engagement, framing persuasive arguments, and engaging in a mock debate, allowing participants to apply their skills in real-world scenarios. The event drew over 50 Youth Council members, actively participating in discussions, exercises, and networking.
Participating Youth Councils also had the invaluable opportunity to meet with their legislators, engaging in meaningful discussions about issues and initiatives impacting young people in their communities. These meetings allowed students to voice their perspectives, share ideas, and gain firsthand insight into the legislative process, further reinforcing the importance of civic engagement and youth advocacy.
Eryn Russell is the Member Services Administrator at the Florida League of Cities. QC
A Day in the Life of a League Lobbyist
Behind the Scenes of Legislative Advocacy
The Florida League of Cities’ five lobbyists, each specializing in specific issue areas, are on the front lines of advocacy every day during the legislative session, and long before it even begins. But what, exactly, does a lobbyist’s job entail?
To better understand what this work looks like in action, Quality Cities followed one of our lobbyists through a typical day during session.
MEET DAVID CRUZ
David Cruz is the Deputy General Counsel and Legislative Counsel for the League. His role differs from some of the other lobbyists in the League’s legislative department; he is an attorney in the legal department. When session ends, he puts back on his “attorney hat” to represent the League’s financial trusts.
“When I tell friends or family that I’m a ‘lobbyist,’ they think of somebody who hosts golf trips or fancy dinners with legislators. That couldn’t be further from reality,” David said. “It’s a lot of long hours. Honestly, a typical day for me consists of a lot of reading.”
David is responsible for reading all the filed bills and amendments of interest to the League and its members. He views himself as the “last gate of defense,” ensuring that nothing slips through the cracks, like a seemingly innocuous sentence hidden in a lengthy bill that could hurt the League’s members.
David joined the League in 2011 as a Legislative Advocate. He was later promoted to Assistant General Counsel and then to his current position in 2017. David has achieved the Florida Bar’s City County and Local Government
By Brooke Harrison Florida League of Cities
Law Certification, a prestigious certification that is held by only 301 attorneys in the state (three of whom work at the League).
The policy issues for which David is responsible are related to growth management, land use, and zoning. This includes annexation, community redevelopment, eminent domain, and private property rights. He is the primary lobbyist for issues related to tort liability, specifically sovereign immunity changes, and staffs the Development, Code Compliance, and Redevelopment policy committee (see p. 36).
This means that David is often tracking several high-priority issues for the League during the legislative session; this year was no exception. One of those key bills was CS/SB 1242, which sought to significantly limit and phase out Community
Redevelopment Agencies (CRAs), undermining local redevelopment efforts.
When harmful legislation like this is filed, the lobbyist’s goal is to “kill” the bill, or at the very least, seek an amendment to lessen its impact on cities. And while the first thing that comes to mind when one thinks ‘lobbyist’ might be an impassioned testimony at a committee hearing, there is so much more happening behind the scenes to educate both legislators and the public.
BEHIND THE SCENES
In addition to poring over bill language and amendments, a typical day involves multiple trips to the Capitol, where David meets with legislators to ask for their support or opposition to bills of interest to members. He attends legislative committee meetings and, yes, testifies to voice the position of the League for the public record.
“We play a lot of defense. It would be so much easier if we were trying to pass bills, because then we’re asking for ‘yes’ votes,” David said. “By and large, individuals are more favorable when you’re asking, ‘Hey, can you support me on this?’ It’s not an easy role to go up to a legislator and say, ‘That’s a bad idea and we don’t like it.’”
More often than not, that’s what the job requires. This, of course, is where the strength of the lobbyist’s relationships comes into play. “Connections and networking are definitely a big part of lobbying,” David said.
On the day we shadowed David, he met with Senators Barbara Sharief and Shevrin Jones to ask for their opposition on the CRA bill; both senators would be voting on the bill later that afternoon in the Senate Community Affairs committee meeting. David would be testifying.
Facetime with legislators is often very brief. Senator Jones, with whom David had an existing relationship, did not need
to hear David’s summary of the bill, as he was already familiar with the issue and committed to a “no” vote.
Instead, he and David discussed potential questions of the bill sponsor that would highlight the flaws of the proposed legislation.
“State representatives and senators have an extremely limited amount of time to meet in the days prior to voting on bills. They prioritize who they meet with, given that there are more meeting requests than there is time,” David said. “Unlike private sector lobbyists, our team at the League doesn’t get involved in campaigns or give contributions. The only currency I have to lobby with is facts and data. I have to be as persuasive as possible, educating our legislators on how bills will impact cities and ultimately taxpayers.”
David’s meeting with Senator Sharief was different, as this was his first introduction to the freshman legislator. To make a connection, he opened the conversation by referencing her district and the good work of the CRAs in that area. Sharief also promised to oppose the bill. But what happens when a legislator isn’t as agreeable to the League’s position?
“One of the most important lessons I’ve learned through my mentors is you can’t be short-sighted and burn a political connection over one issue,” David said. “The reality is that while we might disagree with an individual legislator on one specific issue throughout a legislative session, there might be 10 other issues they could help us on.”
Though short, these meetings are critical, as became evident in the afternoon committee meeting. Senators Sharief and Jones voiced their concerns about the bill’s extreme measures and posed questions to the bill sponsor—the very same questions David provided.
This dialogue around the bill took place even before David got up to testify, proving that his preparation laid the groundwork for his opposition and that of the other legislators. His testimony helped drive his points home, highlighting CRAs as a critical tool for increasing affordable housing supply and supporting small businesses and local economies.
Even so, many factors are outside of David’s control, and this is one of the greatest challenges of his role as a lobbyist. Meetings with legislators are never guaranteed, and neither is there any guarantee that David will have the time he expects to share his full testimony. On days when the committee has a packed agenda or there are many people testifying, the committee chair may limit one’s time to speak. Lobbyists must be ready to deliver their message as quickly and succinctly as possible.
On this particular day, the CRA bill passed the committee, but not without pushback from several legislators and a desire
Senator Shevrin Jones and David Cruz
Brooke Harrison, Senator Barbara Sharief, and David Cruz
for significant changes. Though on the surface, this may not be considered a “win,” it was a meaningful step in the legislative process, especially considering that weeks later, the Senate amended its version of the bill to eliminate the three most concerning provisions for cities (the sunsetting of CRAs and the prohibition on new projects or creation of new CRAs).
In the end, the bill did not pass. While this is certainly a victory, David knows it could “come back to life” next session. “It’s kind of like whack-a-mole. Just because you killed it last year, doesn’t mean that it’s gone away forever,” David said. And so the cycle begins again.
RELATIONSHIPS ARE KEY
The season between sessions is a time for David to continue nurturing his relationships at the Capitol and educating legislators on the potential impacts of legislation.
It’s not only the lobbyist’s relationships with legislators that are important. David also spoke about “coalition building,” or partnering with other lobbyists and entities who are similarly impacted by a bill’s outcome. He recognizes the power in elevating the voices and perspectives of those whom he represents.
“Our members play a huge role,” David said. “At the end of the day, the League is a member-driven organization, and so the engagement of our members is vital to our success. It is impactful when our members speak with state representatives and state senators to get their vote on key issues.”
Engaging with members is one of David’s favorite parts of the job.
The League’s legislative team sends alerts and updates to keep members informed about key bills and to let them know when (and, more importantly, how) to take action. Email alerts summarize the bill and provide talking points to help members explain why they are opposed. (See p. 62 to learn more about advocacy opportunities and an overview of the practical steps you can take in each season of the legislative process.)
Research, preparation, relationships. Being a lobbyist requires deep policy knowledge and study, the ability to communicate complex issues clearly, and the persistence to build trust over time with decision makers. It’s a job that often happens behind the scenes, and at all hours. Lobbyists must think quickly on their feet and adapt to the situation at hand, and no more so than during the high-pressure 60 days of session.
“As a lobbyist, it’s my job to never stop learning,” David said.
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Brooke Harrison is Editor/Project Manager at the Florida League of Cities. QC
From Conversation to Collaboration
How Meaningful Relationships Bring Local Perspectives to the Capitol
By
Kara Irby Florida League of Cities
◂ Mayor Woody Brown of the City of Largo pictured with Representative Berny Jacques (right), and with members of Largo's Youth Leadership Council alongside former Representative Chris Latvala (top) and Senator Nick DiCeglie (bottom).
While each city, town, and village in Florida has unique needs, there are common threads that unite local officials with their state and federal counterparts, creating opportunities to build positive and productive working relationships.
From Largo to Longboat Key, Fort Myers, and beyond, city officials and staff are forging genuine connections that pay dividends to their constituents.
Take, for example, the City of Largo's Mayor Woody Brown . As a local chiropractor, he meets House and Senate hopefuls on the ground floor through a candidate forum hosted by his profession.
“Our forum is early in the campaign season, and while structured and topical to the chiropractic field, it is pretty fun,” he said. “Over the years, this forum has introduced me to many future state legislators.”
Brown uses every opportunity to invite legislators to the events happening in his community and says it’s important to thank them for their attendance when they come. He said follow-up text messages are helpful reminders and allow him to provide additional details that may improve their likelihood of attending.
In return, when legislators send the mayor an invite, he or his colleagues on the commission or even his intergovernmental relations staff do their best to attend events hosted by the legislators in the area.
RELATIONSHIPS ARE A TWO-WAY STREET
Brown stressed the need for reciprocal, rather than onesided, relationships.
“We reach out to congratulate legislators when they receive recognition, and when our city or team members are likewise recognized by legislators for excellence, we don’t hesitate to brag a bit,” Brown said.
Brown also tries to learn more about the legislators to create a more comfortable dialogue beyond just policy talk. Building relationships is about finding shared interests and common ground. Brown approaches each conversation with an attitude of curiosity; he asks legislators what they’re working on or how he can help.
“Don’t always sound the sirens that the sky is falling,” he said. “Do a little research about bad bills. Know where the legislator is coming from and the likelihood of them moving their position if possible.”
Brown’s strong relationships with lawmakers have allowed him to offer ideas for improving bills moving through the Legislature.
A recent example was working with Senator Nick DiCeglie on a residential permitting bill. Senator DiCeglie requested a list of best practices in Largo permitting, specifically timelines. According to Brown, the final bill incorporated the City of Largo’s permit processing timelines.
Additionally, Brown points to his relationships as a reason his city has had great help in appropriations in recent years.
“After almost 20 years with zero appropriations coming to Largo, Representative Berny Jacques and Senator DiCeglie, with the support of our other legislators, brought a Largo Central Park restroom expansion project to reality,” he said.
“THANK YOU” GOES A LONG WAY
In the Town of Longboat Key, Commissioner BJ Bishop knows all too well the benefits of forming meaningful working relationships at the state and federal levels. Reflecting on her time as an employee and then an elected official in Virginia, she would not hesitate to pick up the phone to offer a compliment or drop a personal note when she heard of an achievement.
She said the term limits for state legislators in Florida make it a bit more challenging to have long-term relationships, but her first order of business when she was elected to the Town of Longboat Key Commission was helping candidates at the state level meet people in the community.
Bishop said while relationships with lawmakers at the state and federal levels are important, relationships with members’ key staff are equally important.
“Quite honestly, elected officials' staff are the gatekeepers and can be important contacts at the local level,” Bishop said. “One of the most important things to remember is to say ‘thank you’ for their work.”
This can be as simple as sending a handwritten ‘thank you’ note following meetings.
Bishop said she is grateful and feels fortunate that federal and state elected leaders make themselves accessible. She meets with her congressional delegation and state legislative delegation in the district before they head to Washington, D.C. and Tallahassee. Participating at local events serves as another touchpoint to share information about what is going on in the Longboat Key community.
“Many lawmakers reached out to our community and me personally after the devastation of the hurricanes in 2024 to see what they could do to help,” Bishop said.
Another reminder Bishop offers is to be brief, relatable, and to the point when meeting with lawmakers.
“Remember, when you visit elected officials in Tallahassee and Washington, they are incredibly busy,” she said. “Have personal stories or experiences that directly relate to what you ask them to do. And then get out of their office. I heard one thing in D.C. that you need to remember: ‘Be less concerned about getting a photo with the elected official and more concerned about telling them why you are there.’”
EXTEND INVITES TO CITY EVENTS
Like Brown and Bishop, Councilwoman Teresa Watkins Brown of the City of Fort Myers also uses local community events to connect and build relationships.
Watkins Brown attends local chamber events to build connections with leaders at the federal, state, and local levels. She also invites lawmakers to attend her district community meetings and reciprocates by attending the town hall meetings they organize.
“I also take them on riding exercises within my district and city so they can see firsthand the projects taking place,” she said.
Watkins Brown connected with Representative Jenna Persons-Mulicka in 2009 and has cultivated a working relationship with the Fort Myers legislator.
“Representative Persons-Mulicka and I engage in many fun events throughout the city, working with different nonprofit organizations,” Watkins Brown said.
Mayor Joe I. Rasco also adopted that technique for the Village of Key Biscayne
“I make it a point to invite our legislators to community events like our annual Key Biscayne’s July 4th Parade and Winterfest Celebration, as well as our Veterans Day and Memorial Day Commemorations,” he said. “Whether it’s a local event, ribbon-cutting, or town hall meeting, we value their participation and the opportunity to connect with our community.”
These more informal interactions help strengthen relationships beyond policy discussions and allow legislators to see firsthand the impact of their work.
Rasco encourages his fellow local elected officials to be proactive, consistent, and collaborative in their outreach.
“It’s important to establish a relationship before you need something; reach out early, stay engaged, and offer support when possible,” he said. “Legislators appreciate it when local officials are solutions-oriented and bring constructive ideas. Also, always express gratitude for their time and efforts, even when outcomes don’t align perfectly with your goals.”
Whether inviting a legislator to a community BBQ, giving them a public shoutout, or genuinely caring about their family and checking in on their well-being, there are several ways to cultivate consistent connections and positive relationships.
It’s critically important to recognize that the relationship between local government leaders and those at the state and federal levels needs to be nurtured. Fostering a relationship based on trust and shared purpose will help ensure that your interactions and collaborative efforts remain productive and impactful.
Kara Irby is a Senior Communications Specialist at the Florida League of Cities. QC
▴ Councilwoman Teresa Watkins Brown captures quick photos with local, state, and federal elected officials at community events in Fort Myers.
Q&A with Jeff Branch
5 q uestions with FLC’s Director of Field Advocacy and Emergency Management
WHAT DREW YOU TO THE FLORIDA LEAGUE OF CITIES, AND HOW HAS YOUR ROLE EVOLVED?
From a young age, I knew I wanted to work in politics and policy. I could connect with all kinds of folks, and it is through the connections I’ve made along the way that I’m here today. I joined the League in 2018 as a Legislative Advocate, and now as Director of Field Advocacy and Emergency Management, my responsibilities have grown from being responsible for policy issues to working with three associations: FBC-LEO, FLM, and MCPC (see p. 24).
One of the best parts about the League is our culture. We come in as colleagues, quickly morph into friends, and then become family. I appreciate the work we do here to represent our members, and I quickly learned that cities do so much more than what residents may see.
The same year I started at the League, Hurricane Michael devastated the Florida panhandle as an unprecedented Category 5 storm. We asked ourselves, what does it mean for our cities and the League when a state of emergency is issued?
Over my eight years, in concert with our other teams and external partners, we have defined our role in emergency management. Emergency management was one of my policy issues as a lobbyist, so it made sense for me to be the liaison to the Division of Emergency Management, the Governor’s office, and our internal and external partners. Primarily, we’re talking about hurricanes, but in recent years, that has also involved tornadoes and any emergency that impacts our cities on a large scale.
HOW DOES FLC SUPPORT MEMBER CITIES BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER AN EMERGENCY?
Our job is to ensure that we put our cities in the best position to weather the storm, protect lives, and limit damage. As soon as the Emergency Operations Center or Division of
Emergency Management is activated, I’m there (either in person or virtually). At that point, we’re gathering information to share with our members, as not every city has an emergency management director.
We point members to our Emergency Management webpage, flcities.com/hurricane . We inform cities of new emergency orders and share the most up-to-date information. Our officers call the mayors who are most likely in the imminent path of the storm to offer support and resources.
We have a designated phone number and email address for members, which are direct lines to me. The League provides the governor and the Division of Emergency Management with an up-to-date contact list of our mayors and city managers so they can be in touch. I monitor the storm, participate in emergency calls, and monitor our dedicated email account.
As soon as the storm is over, I’m looking at storm reports, and I keep our officers and leadership informed of the hardesthit areas. We’re making calls to say, “We’re here; we know you’ve just come through the storm, and we’re here for you. If there’s something you need that you’re not getting, let us know.” I communicate with our state partners if local requests are not being fulfilled. The League’s support is centered around information-gathering and communication.
WHAT STEPS CAN A CITY TAKE TO BETTER PREPARE FOR AN EMERGENCY?
Prior to an emergency, it’s important for everyone to know their role. Each Florida municipality is structured in a distinctive way. We advise our members to become familiar with what their municipal charter and policies define as their role and to stay within those boundaries. The League’s emergency toolkit, “Best Practices for Natural Disasters,” is an excellent resource for elected officials in preparing for and responding to emergencies. The guide walks through the stages of an emergency and examines the opportunities elected municipal
officials may have to serve their communities in times of crisis. When a storm is coming, I remind cities to document everything, ensure their phone trees are in order, and submit any requests through the proper channels before the storm hits. It is important for cities to ensure that their insurance is updated and to include any new buildings under that policy.
It is also critical for cities to educate their citizens because everyone plays a part in positioning themselves to come out of the storm with little to no damage. Even if the storm is not projected to hit your city, it can change on a dime. Encourage citizens to collect their medicines or important documents and be prepared to bring them to a shelter.
Effective emergency preparation is about making sure that everyone – particularly those who play a role in bringing the city back to normalcy after the emergency (police and fire, utilities, hospitals, shelters, grocery stores, schools) – is up to date on the municipal emergency plan.
WHAT STRATEGIES CAN ELECTED OFFICIALS USE TO CHAMPION LOCAL DECISION-MAKING?
Local elected officials are their cities’ first lobbyists. No one can tell the city’s story better than them because they live, work, and play in that city. Advocacy and education are all about building relationships, not only during the legislative session but year-round.
When you have a heart for people, they will support and back you. In the political process, it’s hard for people to immediately tell you ‘no’ when you have a connection. Relationships make a difference even when the answer is ‘no’ because the person can share information that may help you.
Our elected officials who have the most success with advocacy are those who have an in-depth relationship with their representatives and state senators, educating them throughout the year and inviting them to things (see p. 18 for more on building relationships with legislators). Advocacy and
Jeff Branch at a Glance
education start at home, where the legislator is less distracted. You shop at the same grocery stores and are part of the same civic groups. Finding ways to connect more through our shared interests is key to building relationships.
These ongoing relationships are important not only when legislation is bad but also when there is legislation we support. Educating and informing legislators through data puts them in the best position to make decisions. We won’t win on every issue, but if our municipal officials can create and nurture relationships at home, we can lessen the negative impacts of legislation.
WHAT ROLE DOES LOCAL VOICES UNITED PLAY IN OUR GRASSROOTS ADVOCACY EFFORTS?
Local Voices United (LVU) is our grassroots network dedicated to supporting local decision-making. LVU focuses on high-impact ways to carry local voices directly to our state capitol in Tallahassee. Essentially, we’re trying to connect with folks who are passionate about preserving the unique interests of their communities.
What’s cool is that they’ve signed up to be a part of this because they want to follow the issues they care about. We keep this group updated and stay in touch through social media, engaging them on more than just policy.
We encourage our members to make their communities aware of LVU. We have a website, a Facebook group (see p. 58 for more on LVU+), and palm cards for members to leave at City Hall or share when they’re out and about in the community.
When we need their help, we can symbolically ‘push the red button’ to activate them. We share templates for them to make calls or send emails. They can personalize those templates, and that’s been effective. We’ve seen how activating these grassroots folks has played a part in our efforts across the street at the capitol. When legislators are contacted by these voters they don’t often hear from, it’s a wake-up call. QC
Unprecedented Session, Unmatched Engagement
Cities’ Voices Steer the Course in Tumultuous Year
By Casey Cook Florida League of Cities
The 2025 regular Legislative Session was anything but regular. What was originally a 60-day session scheduled to end on May 2 was extended into June amid significant differences between the House and Senate over the state budget. Indeed, disagreement was a major theme this year. But while legislators wrangled over appropriations, Florida’s cities showed up united. The Florida League of Cities saw more member engagement than ever this year. Monday Morning Call-Ins were at an all-time high, with an average of 177 callers each week. FLC’s Advocacy Committee had 55 members participate in four meetings held during the interim legislative committee weeks and regular session. Legislative staff held 15 different legislative briefings for city officials who came to Tallahassee to meet with legislators. Legislative Action Days had our largest turnout to date. Over 375 of you registered –nearly 100 more than last year, with more than 120 first-time attendees. (See p. 8 for a recap of the event.)
Whether responding to alerts, calling legislators, or sharing firsthand stories and data, you helped shape the trajectory of key legislation impacting cities. In a session defined by discord, local voices brought clarity.
LEGISLATIVE RECAP
Before lawmakers even gaveled in on March 4, major questions were in play, including rumblings from the Governor, who proposed eliminating property taxes. Although that proposal didn’t materialize into legislation this session, it set the tone for what followed: a slew of tax-related bills and heightened attention to local revenue sources.
Numerous tax-related bills that were filed failed.
▸ Property Tax Benefits for Certain Residential Properties Subject to a Long-term Lease (CS/ CS/HJR 1257 and CS/SJR 1510): Failed. These bills would have proposed a constitutional amendment to extend homestead exemption benefits and assessment limitations to additional properties owned by homestead property owners that are leased for terms of six months or more to other persons.
▸ Local Option Taxes (CS/CS/HB 1221 and CS/CS/ SB 1664): Failed. These bills would have proposed significant changes to the process for adopting and renewing local option taxes and surtaxes, requiring voter approval via referendum rather than adoption by ordinance, with limited exceptions for previously authorized bond indebtedness.
▸ Local Business Taxes (HB 503 and SB 1196): Failed. These bills would have proposed to include the collection of local business taxes in the audit review process of the State Auditor General. The bills set a base Local Business Tax revenue year for Fiscal Year 2024.
HB 7031 , a comprehensive tax reform bill addressing various Florida statutes relating to tax and revenue, passed. This bill does not exclusively pertain to sales tax. The bill encompasses various tax policy changes related to municipalities up to and including a study on the elimination or reduction of homestead property taxes.
Sometimes, we can do everything possible to influence the trajectory of a bill, but bad bills may still pass. When that happens, we're committed to helping cities adapt. Look for updated information and post-session resources on our website. With a newly formed House Select Committee on Property Taxes and the potential for a constitutional amendment on the 2026 ballot, we know this issue isn't going away. As these conversations evolve, the League will continue educating legislators on the importance of municipal fiscal stability.
Disagreement continued throughout the policy process between the House and the Senate. Whether it was about taxes, local authority, housing, or public utilities, opposing views ran deep and often led to gridlock.
Thanks to relentless behind-the-scenes work – educating lawmakers, testifying in committees, sharing real-world impacts, and reinforcing the value of local decision-making – many of these bills failed. So much of what our lobbying team does happens behind the scenes through strategy and relationships. (See p. 14 to learn about a lobbyist’s typical day, and p. 18 for more on successful relationship building.) It’s a delicate balance that, through your partnership, helps ensure a successful legislative session each year.
Here’s a look at where we started and where we ended:
▸ Community Redevelopment Agencies (CS/ CS/HB 991 and CS/SB 1242): Failed. These bills would have significantly restricted the authority and long-term viability of Community Redevelopment Agencies (CRAs). The original versions of the bills would have required all CRAs in existence as of July 1, 2025, to sunset by the earlier of their charter expiration or September 30, 2045. CS/SB 1242 was substantially amended to remove the mandatory sunset, allow new CRAs to be created, and permit the funding of new projects.
▸ Sovereign Immunity (CS/HB 301 and SB 1570): Failed. These bills would have increased the statutory caps on tort claims against government entities from $200,000 per person and $300,000 per incident to $1 million and $3 million, respectively, for claims arising between 2025 and 2030. CS/HB 301 was amended to reduce the cap increases to $500,000 per person and $1 million per incident for claims through 2030, and $600,000 and $1.1 million thereafter.
▸ Land Use and Development Regulations (HB 1209 and CS/SB 1118): Failed. These were comprehensive growth management bills that would have significantly reduced municipal authority over land use and development decisions.
▸ Utility Services (CS/CS/HB 1523 and SB 1704): Failed. The bills would have required that a municipality providing extraterritorial electric, gas, water, or wastewater utility services may not use more than 10% of the gross revenues generated from such services for general government functions.
While CS/CS/SB 1730, which related to housing and revised the Live Local Act, passed, the House bill (CS/CS/CS/HB 943) was much worse than the Senate bill. CS/CS/SB 1730 reflected a scaled-back version that revised land use policy without completely overriding local control.
These outcomes weren’t accidental. They’re the result of a unified, consistent, and persistent advocacy effort from cities across the state. In a session where virtually everything was up for debate, local voices helped protect what matters most.
WHAT’S NEXT
The debate over property taxes is far from over. Multiple bills filed this year laid the groundwork for what could be a major policy battle in 2026, possibly appearing on the ballot of a pivotal election year. The League will continue to educate state leaders about how cities fund essential services.
Now is the time to keep educating state lawmakers about how cities are funded and what’s at stake. (See p. 62 for a roadmap of successful year-round advocacy.) Talk with your legislators. Invite them into your communities. Share how state proposals affect your residents. And mark your calendars for key opportunities to stay engaged, including the FLC Legislative Conference in December.
Thank you to every city official who responded to an alert, traveled to Tallahassee, or took time to advocate. Your involvement made a difference. And your continued engagement will ensure Florida’s cities are prepared, no matter what challenges lie ahead.
Casey Cook is Chief of Legislative Affairs for the Florida League of Cities. QC
Celebrate the 2025 Home Rule Heroes
Recipients of the Home Rule Hero Award are local government officials, both elected and nonelected, who consistently responded to the Florida League of Cities’ (FLC’s) request to reach out to members of the Legislature and help give a local perspective on an issue. They worked tirelessly throughout the legislative session to promote local voices making local choices, protect the Home Rule powers of Florida’s municipalities, and advance the League’s legislative platform.
View the 2025 Home Rule Hero Award recipients at bit.ly/46fxdA6.
2025 Legislative Session
Final Report
This story briefly summarizes legislation that impacted Florida cities during the 2025 Legislative Session. For more information on other bills, visit flcities.com/advocacy to view the Legislative Session Final Report.
Advocacy Committee
The Advocacy Committee builds support among FLC members and the Legislature for the legislative priorities adopted by the League. The Advocacy Committee contacts state lawmakers to advocate for the FLC Legislative Platform and other key issues. It also assesses the municipal impact of legislation and provides strategic direction to the League’s lobbying initiatives.
Chair
Shaun Ferguson Councilman
City of Rockledge
Vice Chair
Dan Janson
Mayor Pro Tem
City of Jacksonville Beach
Q&A with Chair Shaun Ferguson
What inspired you to take on this leadership role?
As a passionate advocate for local government, I was inspired to take on this role to help ensure our cities have a strong voice in the legislative process. I believe in the power of collaboration and want to be part of shaping policies that directly impact our communities.
Why should members join a committee?
Joining a committee is a great way to get involved, stay informed, and contribute to the collective success of municipalities across the state. It’s also an excellent opportunity to build relationships with fellow city leaders and help influence decisions that matter.
“I was always fascinated by the legislative process and pursued a degree in Political Science because I was inspired by my aunt, who worked in the administration for two U.S. Presidents. Engaging with our FLC membership is one of my favorite aspects of my job. Working together to
our issues
and federal
is extremely
Development, Code Compliance, and Redevelopment Committee
This committee addresses development, redevelopment, housing, community planning, zoning, eminent domain, property rights, short-term rentals, code enforcement, building and fire code, building permitting, and concurrency management.
Chair Dorothea Taylor Bogert Mayor
City of Auburndale
Vice Chair
Morris L. West
Mayor
City of Haines City
Q&A with Chair Dorothea Taylor Bogert
Why should members join a committee?
Every voice matters in our legislative process, and I believe it’s imperative for our local elected officials to be part of one of the committees to ensure their municipalities are represented in the process. I have learned so much about the process, and most importantly, I’ve learned about issues and solutions from other leaders around the state. Being on a legislative committee makes you a better municipal official!
Why do you believe advocacy is important?
Advocacy is a critical part of our jobs as local elected officials, and we do it daily! We are elected to represent our citizens, not only within our municipality but also within our counties and our state. As you become more involved in advocacy at the state level, you begin to fully understand the Legislature’s impact on our ability to do what is right for our communities. Advocating for our citizens is an ongoing process and starts with relationships, and at a minimum, every local elected official should know their district’s representative and senator personally.
Hometown: Miami, FL
“Our committees are tasked with the primary responsibility of setting the League’s Legislative Platform. We are a member-driven organization, and committee involvement is vital to the League. Our policy committee members help League staff understand the real-world implications of proposed legislation, and they stay engaged throughout the session to advocate for our priorities. I enjoy the relationships and camaraderie we build in fighting for the issues that are important to our cities.”
Federal Action Strike Team (FAST)
The Federal Action Strike Team (FAST) advocates for Florida’s cities, towns, and villages at the federal level. FAST strengthens the League’s federal relations through strategic communications and engagement with the Florida congressional delegation.
FLC Staff Contact: Allison Payne
Chair Greg Langowski
Vice Mayor
City of Westlake
Vice Chair
Yvette Drucker
Council Member
City of Boca Raton
Q&A with Chair Greg Langowski
What inspired you to take on this leadership role?
I’ve always believed in the power of local government to make a real impact on communities. As Chair of FAST, I saw an opportunity to ensure that Florida’s municipalities have a strong voice at the national level. Our local leaders understand the unique challenges facing their communities, and I wanted to be part of the effort to bridge the gap between federal policy and local needs. Advocacy isn’t just about speaking up – it’s about making sure our municipalities have the resources and support they need to thrive.
Why should members join a committee?
Serving on an FLC committee allows members to shape policy, advocate for their communities, and collaborate with other municipal leaders who share similar challenges and goals. It’s an opportunity to bring local perspectives to the table and influence decisions that affect cities across Florida. Beyond that, it fosters connections and provides valuable insights into how government functions at different levels. The more engaged we are, the stronger our collective voice becomes.
SCAN HERE to see the full list of Federal Action Strike Team (FAST) members.
Finance and Taxation Committee
This committee addresses general finance and tax issues, fees, assessments, infrastructure funding, local option revenues, pension issues, revenue sharing, franchise fees, Communications Services Tax (CST), and ad valorem.
Chair Robert Stuart Commissioner City of Orlando
Vice Chair Molly Young Mayor Village of Tequesta
Q&A with Chair Robert Stuart
What inspired you to take on this leadership role?
I am honored to have taken on a leadership role in two of our policy committees, where I’ve had the privilege of helping shape our state through proactive and engaged city leadership. As I’ve shared within my community, and as it applies to our state as a whole, we have a unique opportunity to make a meaningful difference.
Why should members join a committee?
FLC serves as a collective voice for cities across Florida, and committee members help amplify that voice in discussions with state legislators, government agencies, and other stakeholders. By joining a committee, you’re helping to ensure that cities’ perspectives are heard and addressed in key legislative matters. Serving on a committee gives members a unique opportunity to shape policies that have a lasting, positive effect on their local community. Whether it’s improving public safety, enhancing quality of life, or creating more sustainable cities, your contributions can make a tangible difference.
SCAN HERE to see the full list of Finance and Taxation Committee members.
Hometown: Oxford, MS
Education: Bachelor of Science, EducationRecreation and Leisure Services Administration, Florida State University, and Master of Science, Education, Florida State University
“I value the passion that our Finance and Tax Committee members bring to the subject matter. Committee members are always prepared and present excellent ideas to help bring additional resources to municipalities. Most of all, I enjoy the lively debate and the willingness to ‘roll up the sleeves’ and ‘crunch the numbers’ to provide the best evidence for or against policy concepts.”
CONTACT
Intergovernmental Relations, Mobility, and Emergency Management Committee
This committee addresses transportation, municipal roads, traffic safety, municipal airports, drones, vertiports, ports, telecommunications, broadband, use of public rights-of-way, parking, signage, emergency management, homelessness, charter counties, annexation, ethics for public officers and employees, elections, special districts, and general preemptions.
Chair Curtis Johnson Commissioner
City of Fort Pierce
Vice Chair
Chris Cloudman
Mayor
City of DeLand
Q&A with Chair Curtis Johnson
What inspired you to take on this leadership role?
I wanted to advocate for growing and emerging transportation needs in our state. We all have the same common challenges, and I wanted to be able to lead our voice in sharing these concerns and crafting viable solutions.
Why do you believe advocacy is important?
Collective advocacy is very powerful because it’s not just you or your area but our entire league of cities facing the same challenges. Uniting as one voice sends a powerful message.
Hometown:
FL
Bachelor
and
“I was drawn to the League by the opportunity to work alongside likeminded individuals committed to championing integrity in government. I really enjoy the grassroots structure of the League’s policy committee process, which allows all local officials to have a voice, regardless of the size or shape of their municipality. Hearing such diverse perspectives from our members across the state is incredibly important to me.”
Municipal Operations Committee
This committee addresses government operations, municipal service delivery, cybersecurity, technology, public safety, public meetings, public records, public property use and management, procurement, personnel, insurance, collective bargaining, workers’ compensation, liability, and sovereign immunity.
Chair Sandy Golding Councilwoman
City of Jacksonville Beach
City of Lake Alfred
Vice Chair
Mac Fuller Mayor
Q&A with Chair Sandy Golding
What inspired you to take on this leadership role?
I have been a member of the Municipal Operations Policy Committee for six years. I’ve seen how important our work has been in guiding the efforts during the legislative session on issues that are important to our municipalities. I wanted to contribute to this important work by taking on a leadership role.
Why do you believe advocacy is important?
Advocacy is critical to ensure our legislators understand the issues faced by our municipalities and how proposed legislation impacts our communities. Likewise, advocacy involves educating our residents about proposed legislation and encouraging them to share with legislators their personal stories about how legislation will affect them. When legislators understand how legislation impacts our municipalities and residents, they can make informed decisions and advocate for better legislation.
Hometown: Brooksville, FL
Education: Bachelor of Science in Political Science and History, Florida State University; Master of Science in American Politics and Policy, Florida State University; Juris Doctor, Florida Coastal School of Law
“Quite simply, our committee members are in the driver’s seat. We (the lobbyists) offer up the issues when looking through the crystal ball, but our members drive what issues ultimately become our priority and policy positions. It’s great because each person represents a city, and no two cities are the same.”
Utilities, Natural Resources, and Public Works Committee
This committee addresses coastal management, environmental permitting, hazardous and toxic wastes, recycling, solid waste collection and disposal, stormwater, wastewater treatment and reuse, water management, water quality and quantity, resiliency, brownfields, and municipal utilities.
Chair Teresa Watkins Brown Councilwoman
City of Fort Myers
Vice Chair
Lois Paritsky
Mayor
Town of Ponce Inlet
Q&A with Chair Teresa Watkins Brown
Why should members join a committee?
Being on a committee gets you actively involved in the decision-making process and legislative changes regarding your city. It also gives you the opportunity to network and share ideas with other elected officials around the state.
Why do you believe advocacy is important? It gives you a voice to promote equitable and fair policy change for your city and communities. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. said, “In the end, we will not remember the words of our enemies, but the silence of our friends.” We must let our voices be heard.
“I enjoy getting to know my committee members and learning more about the places they call home. I especially like how everyone can come together and cast partisan politics aside with the common mission of improving municipal services and functions. These committees are a great place for members to learn from staff and each other about emerging policy and, from that experience, establish priorities of statewide municipal significance.”
Record-Breaking Attendance at FLC FAST Fly-In to Washington, D.C.
By Allison Payne Florida League of Cities
With the 118th Congress in session earlier this year, Florida’s city leaders wasted no time heading to the nation’s capital for the Florida League of Cities 2025 Federal Action Strike Team (FAST) Fly-In. Over 50 city officials traveled to Washington, D.C., for the highest-attended FLC federal fly-in.
This two-day delegation trip is an opportunity to meet face-to-face with Florida’s congressional members and staff to discuss important issues facing Florida’s cities. FLC has coordinated the FAST Fly-In for over 20 years to boost the League’s federal advocacy and strengthen relationships with Florida’s federal leaders.
“Strong partnerships and open communication between local, state, and federal government agencies are essential to supporting our cities,” said FLC President Michael C. Blake, Mayor of Cocoa. “The League’s FAST Fly-In event provided a valuable opportunity to engage directly with our state’s congressional leaders and discuss key issues affecting our communities. We appreciate the congressional delegation’s time and commitment to these important discussions.”
The Fly-In started with a federal briefing at the National League of Cities (NLC) office. The NLC federal advocacy team provided a briefing to get participants up to speed before their congressional meetings.
Florida has a large congressional delegation with 28 members in the U.S. House of Representatives, Senator Rick Scott, and Florida’s new senator, Ashley Moody Participants broke into groups for meetings with congressional members and/or their staff. Discussions focused on four key issues. (See the FLC Federal Action Agenda on page 51.)
▸ Protecting tax-exempt municipal bonds
▸ Comprehensive reform of the National Flood Insurance program
▸ Liability protection and federal assistance for cities addressing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
▸ Simplifying the federal grants process and continued CDBG funding
“Providing a local perspective on key issues helps the Florida Congressional delegation gain a deeper understanding of how federal decisions affect their constituents,” said FAST Chair Greg Langowski, Vice Mayor of Westlake. “It was an honor to join fellow city leaders – representing large and small communities – with a unified message."
Allison Payne is the Manager, Advocacy Programs & Federal Affairs, at the Florida League of Cities. QC
FLORIDA LEAGUE OF CITIES
2025 FEDERAL ACTION AGENDA
The Florida League of Cities represents Florida’s 411 cities, towns, and villages in the Sunshine State. The League’s mission is to serve the needs of Florida’s cities and promote local self-government. We support local voices making local choices to protect and enhance Florida’s communities. The League and its members have identified the following federal issues as part of our 2025 Federal Action Agenda:
TAX-EXEMPT MUNICIPAL BONDS
ACTION NEEDED
We urge Congress and the Administration to support legislation that safeguards the taxexempt status of municipal bonds, which are essential tools for local governments to finance critical infrastructure projects. Specifically, we request:
▸ Protection of the Tax-Exempt Status of Municipal Bonds: Ensure that the federal tax code continues to allow the interest on municipal bonds to be exempt from federal income taxation.
▸ Support for Tax-Advantaged Financing Tools: Expand access to and enhance programs such as Build America Bonds (BABs) or other tax credit bonds to provide flexible and costeffective financing for local governments.
▸ Opposition to Proposals that Increase Borrowing Costs: Reject any legislative efforts to limit or eliminate the tax-exempt status of municipal bonds, as this would result in significantly higher borrowing costs for local governments and less investment in essential public infrastructure.
BACKGROUND
Tax-exempt municipal bonds are the cornerstone of local government financing, enabling cities, counties, and states to build and maintain essential infrastructure, including roads, bridges, schools, and water systems.
Eliminating or limiting their tax-exempt status would result in increased borrowing costs for municipalities, directly impacting taxpayers and reducing the funds available for public services and infrastructure investments.
Since 1913, the federal tax exemption for municipal bond interest has served as a critical incentive for investors to lend to local governments at lower interest rates. Preserving this status is crucial to maintaining the ability of municipalities to meet infrastructure needs and ensure long-term economic growth and community resilience.
NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM (NFIP)
ACTION
NEEDED
We urge Congress to advocate for a long-term NFIP reauthorization package that provides:
▸ Affordability for existing and future policyholders
▸ More accurate flood mapping
▸ Resiliency incentives
BACKGROUND
The NFIP, which has seen 30 short-term extensions since 2017, is set to expire again on September 30, 2025. Instead of passing extensions to a fundamentally flawed program, Florida’s cities need a long-term comprehensive rewrite of the NFIP that adheres to insurance principles and ensures the following:
▸ Rates – Rates must not be excessive, inadequate, or unfairly discriminatory
▸ Premiums – Any necessary increases in premiums should be implemented with regard to the customer’s ability to absorb those increases
▸ Property ratings – Properties should be rated based on their ability to withstand risk, not on their use or ownership structure
▸ NFIP participation – Incentives should be created to encourage participation in the NFIP for property owners not located in high-risk flood zones. This participation will not only help protect those caught off guard by unpredicted flooding but also help the program become more financially stable.
▸ Mapping – Nationwide, NFIP flood maps are generally outdated and don’t accurately measure a community’s flood risk
▸ Risk Rating 2.0 (RR2) – Provide more details on the methodology for RR2 and ensure there are reasonable affordability controls that limit the percentage increase that policyholders will face
PER- AND POLYFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES (PFAS)
ACTION NEEDED
We urge Congress and the Administration to support legislation that addresses the growing concerns about PFAS in soil and water and provides:
▸ Liability protection for entities, including cities, that have legally used PFAS for fire suppression or have passively received PFAS, such as water utilities and solid waste facilities
▸ Additional direct funding for local governments to comply with new regulations to
avoid creating an unfunded mandate that will disproportionately impact low-income residents and communities
▸ Tools and resources for testing and research, public education, and risk assessment guidelines
▸ Strategies for stopping the introduction of additional PFAS into the environment, which will allow local governments to stop spending limited resources on treating, mitigating, and disposing of these “forever chemicals”
BACKGROUND
PFAS have made their way into communities around the country.
These man-made chemicals have been manufactured and used in a variety of industries since the 1940s. Florida’s municipalities support the efforts for a long-term solution to PFAS management, recognize the need to protect public health and the environment, and share the goal of holding accountable those entities that are primarily responsible for PFAS contamination.
SIMPLIFYING LOCAL GOVERNMENT GRANTS/CONTINUE FUNDING CDBG
ACTION NEEDED
Congress needs to streamline and simplify the federal grant application process so that cities, towns, and villages with lower populations have equal opportunities to secure federal grant dollars.
We also urge Congress and the Administration to provide robust and sustained funding for the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program, which is a critical resource for cities to address housing, infrastructure, and economic development needs.
BACKGROUND
Numerous studies have shown that smaller cities, counties, and other local governments do not typically receive their fair share of federal grant dollars. The unequal distribution of federal dollars can be explained by numerous factors, including the complexity of the application process. The problem is increasingly important as the total number of federal grants to state and local governments has grown significantly. Naturally, some larger local governments have more resources to hire dedicated grant writers and coordinators so they can submit more fully developed applications and are better equipped to effectively and efficiently implement awards – to the detriment of Americans in less populated areas.
Since its inception in 1974, the CDBG program has been a vital federal resource for local governments, providing flexible funding to address critical needs in communities. CDBG funds have been used to build affordable housing, upgrade infrastructure, create jobs, and support public services for low- and moderate-income residents.
The Florida League of Cities supports making it easier for smaller local governments to apply for funds under federal grants and fully funding the CDBG program.
For more information, contact: Allison
Payne, Manager, Advocacy Programs
and Federal Affairs apayne@flcities.com
Legislative Conference Empowers City Leaders Ahead of 2025 Session
By Destiney Burt Florida League of Cities
Elected officials from across the state gathered in Orlando in December for the Florida League of Cities (FLC) Legislative Conference. The conference provided city leaders with a valuable opportunity to engage in critical discussions about statewide concerns, network with peers, and learn from experts about the legislative landscape. This collaboration was especially important as officials prepared for the 2025 Legislative Session (see p. 26) and Legislative Action Days (see p. 8).
FLC President Michael C. Blake, Mayor of the City of Cocoa, presided over the conference and rallied the membership to support the League’s annual Legislative Platform.
“Everyone’s voice matters,” said Blake. “People come to the conference and exchange thoughts and ideas, then bring that back to their communities to prepare and strategize for the upcoming legislative session.”
The session “Behind the Curtain: What to Expect in the Florida House and Senate” briefed attendees on what to expect from the leadership teams in the House and Senate. In the keynote presentation, “Deconstructing the 2024 Election,” top political consultant Steve Vancore, President of VancoreJones Communications, shared actionable perspectives on the 2024 election results and their implications for city governance in Florida.
CITY LEADERS
The conference also included workshop sessions on timely topics such as emergency management, amplifying advocacy, and the regulatory and legislative challenges impacting new construction.
For long-time attendees like Pat Bates, Mayor of Altamonte Springs, the conference is an essential tool for staying ahead of the curve in the fast-paced world of local governance. Bates, a long-time attendee, said, “I’ve been coming to this conference not quite 27 years; it’s really important. I think it helps us to know what’s coming in the next legislative session because we need to be ahead of the game. I leave here feeling like, ‘Ok, we’ve got this.’ We know which direction to go and look forward to our Legislative Action Days in Tallahassee.”
New to the agenda was speed networking for elected officials and staff. Attendees – experienced pros and newcomers alike – were encouraged to make meaningful connections with fellow leaders by engaging in fun, fast-paced conversations over coffee and pastries.
For first-time attendee Jayson French, Councilmember for the Village of Tequesta, the conference proved to be a valuable learning experience. French serves on the FLC Municipal Operations Committee and loves the networking aspect of the conference.
“It’s been great to serve with colleagues in the same field, feeling the same pressures,” said French. “I’ve already dealt with some of the same issues, so we can discuss these, learn from each other rather than recreating the wheel, and see where we’re going as a state.”
The League’s Legislative Policy Committees met to discuss important issues and priorities, and the conference closed with the adoption of the 2025 Legislative Platform. This document details the priorities and positions adopted by the FLC membership for the 2025 Legislative Session. (View the platform at flcities.com/advocacy.)
Attendees left with a renewed sense of purpose and a clearer understanding of the legislative challenges ahead. The FLC Legislative Conference remains a cornerstone event for Florida’s local leaders, equipping them with the tools, insights, and support needed to advocate for their communities effectively during the legislative session.
Destiney Burt is the Digital Media Coordinator at the Florida League of Cities. QC
Local Voices Unite Through LVU+
By Kelli Gemmer Roerk
Florida League of Cities
When it comes to protecting local decision-making, the voices closest to home often carry the greatest influence. That’s the foundation behind LVU+, an extension of the Florida League of Cities’ grassroots advocacy group, Local Voices United (LVU).
Emerging from LVU’s success, LVU+ is a relationshipdriven effort designed to amplify local stories and elevate everyday Floridians who believe their communities, not state-level mandates, know what’s best. It’s also about putting people at the center of the conversation and providing them with the tools to advocate effectively for local self-government.
LVU+ is a member-only Facebook group that emphasizes action, genuine connection, and community engagement. Members gain access to exclusive content, behind-thescenes briefings, and, most importantly, each other. It’s where stories are shared, ideas are exchanged, and advocates are inspired to act.
“Through LVU+, neighbors, civic leaders, and everyday Floridians can come together around shared values,” said Lynn Tipton , longtime FLC employee, dedicated civics supporter, and Home Rule historian from Mount Dora. “LVU+ is a powerful space where we can authentically engage, share our stories, and amplify our voices where it matters most.”
Lynn, who recently retired after 33 years designing FLC civics training and education, deeply understands the importance of local self-government. “More than 50 years ago, Floridians voted to include municipal Home Rule powers in the Constitution, which give each city the flexibility to craft its laws specifically to its own unique needs,” she said. “LVU+ brings together stories of local success, showcasing why Home Rule truly matters.”
At the heart of the LVU+ initiative are its ambassadors, three recognizable faces to FLC members. These ambassadors will regularly engage with the LVU+ community, sharing what makes their local communities special, having conversations about hometown issues, and offering fresh insight into all things LVU.
The Connector
Jeff Branch The Connector
The Storyteller
Chris Holley The Storyteller
Meet the The Explorer
Faces
Originally from New York, Jeff has fully embraced the Sunshine State— from the vibrant local culture to its thriving food scene. He’s always on the move, checking out local spots and connecting with others who care about keeping Florida unique. Jeff loves politics and brings a people-first lens to advocacy, reminding LVU+ members that grassroots work is about listening just as much as it is about leading.
Eryn Russell The Explorer
A proud Florida native, Eryn is driven by her love for the environment and her belief in preserving the natural beauty of her home state. Whether she’s hiking a trail, enjoying our springs and lakes, or spending time in one of Florida’s countless parks, she’s always soaking in the natural beauty that surrounds us. Eryn’s vibrant energy and environmental focus will help LVU+ connect with younger Floridians who care deeply about sustainability, parks, and smart local planning.
Born and raised along the Panhandle, Chris is dedicated to uncovering Florida’s hidden gems—the small-town diners, local legends, and community stories that give each place its distinct character. He’s also a sports fan, a family man, and a fierce believer in local control. With a knack for cutting through noise and connecting through shared experiences, Chris brings a strong, steady voice to LVU+, grounded in firsthand knowledge and deep local roots.
Together, these ambassadors will share stories and snapshots from their lives in Florida’s local communities and offer a front-row seat to LVU’s mission.
WHAT MAKES LVU+ DIFFERENT
Unlike broad public campaigns chasing clicks, LVU+ thrives on meaningful relationships. It’s nonpartisan, community-driven, and rooted in one core belief: when people see how state decisions impact their neighborhoods, they’re more likely to engage.
From lakefront towns like Mount Dora to the Gulf coast communities of the Panhandle, LVU+ gives Floridians a platform to make their voices heard. It champions the belief that every voice matters, every story counts, and every community deserves to be at the forefront of decision-making.
Because ultimately, LVU+ isn’t about politics. It’s about people—and ensuring every voice, from city blocks to rural lands to conservation trails, can truly make a difference.
Kelli
Gemmer Roerk is the Director of Communications for the Florida League of Cities. QC
By Erika Branchcomb Florida League of Cities
Advocacy isn’t just something that happens in Tallahassee during Florida’s legislative session. It’s a continuous, year-round effort rooted in strong relationships, a deep understanding of municipal issues, and a shared goal: to ensure local voices make local choices. At the Florida League of Cities (FLC), we believe every city official has the power to make a difference.
But effective advocacy doesn’t just happen. It takes preparation, persistence, and partnership. Whether you’re new to local government or a seasoned official ready to expand your impact, the League is here to help you become a confident, capable advocate for your city. Keep reading for an overview of the practical steps you can take in each season of the legislative process.
WHY ADVOCACY MATTERS EVERY DAY OF THE YEAR
At its core, advocacy is about telling your city’s story. It’s about ensuring that lawmakers understand how legislation, both good and bad, affects your residents, your city budget, and your city’s ability to deliver essential services. While the state legislative session often receives the spotlight, the work of advocacy happens all year long. From city hall to the Capitol, your voice matters.
Member engagement is critical to FLC’s advocacy efforts. Lawmakers listen to their constituents, and no one tells the story of cities better than local officials. When you engage, share your knowledge, and bring the issues impacting your community to life, you become part of a united effort to protect local decision-making.
Advocacy takes more than passion. It requires strategy, communication skills, and trusted relationships. That’s where the League comes in.
“I think the League is an excellent resource for cities. We look to the League to tell us which bills are the most impactful,” said Adam S. Reichbach, Assistant City Manager for Finance and Administration for the City of Hollywood. “I would encourage every city to meet with the League, to learn about the big issues, and then take that information into meetings with your respective delegations to educate, educate, educate.”
SESSION MAY BE OVER, BUT THE WORK CONTINUES
When the legislative session ends, our advocacy efforts do not. In fact, the months between sessions are some of the most valuable for building momentum and preparing for future success. Now is the time to cultivate or strengthen relationships with your state legislators – when they are back home and ready to listen.
Invite them to city events. Give them a tour of new projects. Sit down for coffee and explain how legislation (even bills that didn’t pass) could impact your city’s ability to govern effectively. These conversations lay the groundwork for the next session and position you as a trusted, go-to source for municipal insight.
Not sure where to start? The League’s advocacy toolkit, or “Advo-Kit” (flcities.com/advo-kit), is your all-inclusive guide for effective advocacy. It includes best practices for relationship-building, public speaking tips, sample messaging, and more. A particularly helpful section on page 14 offers practical advice for connecting with legislators in your community and maintaining those relationships throughout the year.
We have seen firsthand how powerful these local connections can be. In one recent example, a city official who built a relationship with their legislator over several months provided key insight that led to amending a harmful bill before it reached the floor. (See p. 18 for more stories from city officials and staff who have forged genuine connections with state legislators.)
PREPARING FOR THE NEXT SESSION
Effective advocacy begins long before the legislative session commences. The League offers tools and resources to help you prepare and build your knowledge during the legislative “off-season.”
One of the best ways to begin is by enrolling in the League’s Online Advocacy Course . This self-paced course covers everything from the history of Home Rule in Florida to the inner workings of the legislative process. It also features real-world case studies of successful grassroots efforts, giving you the context and confidence to advocate effectively.
The Advo-Kit is another resource that offers important foundational information, including a clear breakdown of how a bill becomes law and tips
for engaging with the media and the public. It is a great tool for first-time advocates or those looking to sharpen their skills (see page 10 of the Advo-Kit for a list of practical steps to prepare for session).
If you’re looking to get involved further and want to be part of the process, consider joining one of the League’s Policy Committees. These member-driven groups help shape the League’s legislative priorities and offer a unique opportunity to collaborate with officials from across the state. Whether your interests lie in finance, mobility, utilities, or public safety, there’s a committee for you. (See p. 34 for more information.)
The League's Legislative Conference provides a unique in-person opportunity for involvement. City officials gather each fall to discuss upcoming issues, connect with peers, and adopt the Legislative Platform to prepare for the upcoming session.
For more information on advocacy, visit flcities.com/ advocacy , where you’ll find the League’s Legislative Platform, key dates, bill summaries, and a calendar of upcoming events. Bookmark it. Check it often. It’s your advocacy headquarters.
STAYING ENGAGED DURING SESSION
When the legislative session is in full swing, the pace picks up – but so do the opportunities to make an impact. The League offers numerous ways to help you stay informed and engaged.
Start each week with the Monday Morning CallIn, during which the League’s legislative team shares
real-time updates on bills and emerging issues. Then, stay on top of ongoing developments with On Tap at the Cap, our weekly digital newsletter sent each Friday during session, summarizing key legislation and what it means for cities.
When urgent issues arise, the League sends Legislative Alerts – calls to action asking you to contact your legislators quickly and directly. Alerts provide a succinct summary of the issue and suggested talking points to aid your outreach. These alerts are opportunities to make your voice heard when it matters most.
Want to witness the legislative process live? Attend Legislative Action Days in Tallahassee. This annual FLC event, held during the legislative session, brings city officials from across the state together to visit lawmakers and advocate for local decision-making. (See p. 8 for a recap of this year’s event.)
Members are also invited to visit League headquarters for a sit-down Legislative Briefing with one or more of the League’s legislative staff. Hear directly from FLC’s legislative team on key issues and updates, and what stories and data you can share when speaking with your legislators.
“We’re here for the education first and foremost,” said Deerfield Beach Commissioner Michael Hudak. “The League’s due diligence helps us when we’re presenting our case at the Capitol.”
EXPRESSING GRATITUDE WHEN SESSION ENDS
Once the legislative session ends, be sure to thank your legislators, especially those who supported your city’s priorities. A personal note, a public shout-out, or a small gesture of appreciation can go a long way in reinforcing positive relationships.
Then, it’s time to start the cycle again! Advocacy is ongoing, and your consistent involvement is key to long-term success. Whether hosting a legislator at your city’s groundbreaking or joining a policy committee, your efforts contribute to a stronger voice for Florida’s cities.
Advocacy starts with relationships, grows with education, and thrives with consistent engagement. Wherever you are in your advocacy journey, the League has the tools, training, and expertise to support you every step of the way.
Erika Branchcomb is a Senior Communications Specialist at the Florida League of Cities. QC
Become a Legislative Key Contact!
If you have already cultivated a strong relationship with your lawmakers, let us know. Email Allison Payne at apayne@flcities.com to serve as a legislative key contact for a Senator or Representative.
▴ City of Deerfield Beach 2025 Legislative Briefing
Q&A with Freshman Legislators
REPRESENTATIVE
BILL PARTINGTON
How has your experience as an elected official impacted your perspective on the legislative process? It has given me a deeper understanding of the legislative process, allowing me to see it from both a practical and strategic perspective. I’ve learned about the complexity of lawmaking, the importance of relationships, and having the ability to balance ideals with practical considerations. I also have a much greater appreciation for the importance of advocacy.
REPRESENTATIVE
How has your experience as an elected official impacted your perspective on the legislative process?
Having local government experience has given me direct knowledge of what my local residents really want from the state government. This previous experience has directly led to utilizing my existing local contacts, allowing me to react in a more effective and collaborative manner.
City of Ormond Beach, Mayor, 2016-2024
City of Ormond Beach Commission, 2003-2016
FLC Legislative Policy Committee, 2015-2024
FLC Board of Directors, 2016-2024
How can local officials communicate their needs and priorities in a way that resonates with legislators?
I think it's paramount to be clear and concise while providing data and evidence to demonstrate the scope and urgency of the issue. Highlighting the problem and its local impact and engaging with community/ constituent support will showcase the political reality you are facing. It’s also important to offer solutions and not just problems while understanding the constraints that legislators have to deal with.
Village of Wellington, Mayor, 2016-2024
Village of Wellington, Councilwoman, 2010-2016
FLC Legislative Policy Committee, 2014-2015 and 2018-2024
FLC Board of Directors, 2018-2021
Looking back on your journey, what’s one piece of advice you’d give to city officials who want to build a strong, lasting relationship with their state representatives?
Remember that we are all working toward the same goal of a better lifestyle for our residents. When the session ends, drop by your legislators’ local offices and let them know you appreciate the time and energy they have invested in your community. It is a pretty big sacrifice to serve up here, and I guess I’m a little homesick as I write this! It’s also a great privilege to represent my hometown in Tallahassee.
