Case Studies and Mapping Diagram economy<>housing<>tourism
Kevin Finch-Adrian Freire-Phuong Vo
Olympic Sculpture Park-Seattle, WA Governorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Island- New York, NY CityCenter, Las Vegas, NV Camden Yards- Baltimore, MD
OLYMPIC
SCULPTURE Compiled experiential transects
Individual paths and transects color coded
Historical site conditions Alaskan way row
Elliott Avenue
Western Avenue
Olympic Scupture park today Alaskan way row
High tide
Terrances
New beach habitat
Elliott Avenue
Barrier caps
Western Avenue Park Pavilion Garage
Drainage system
Scale: 1”=250’
Olympic Sculpture Park is located on Seattle’s last undeveloped water front property- a brownfield site sliced by train tracks and an arterial road. The design effectively connects all three separate sites with an uninterrupted Z-shaped platform, creating an urban sculpture park emerging from the new landform. Also the design descending forty feet from the city to the water, capitalizing on views of the skyline and Elliott Bay, and rising over existing infrastructure to reconnect the urban core to the revitalized waterfront. Weiss/Manfredi Architecture/landscape/ urbanism were selected from an international pool of 52 applicants. Their design vision expressed dynamic integration of landscape, architecture and urban design. The original area was used as an oil transfer facility. Before construction the park, over 120,000 tons of contaminated soils were removed. The remaining petroleum contaminated soil is capped by a new landform with over 200,000 cubic yards of clean fill, much of it excavated from the site of SAM’s downtown museum expansion project. The design for the Olympic Sculpture Park capitalizes on the forty-foot grade change from the top of the site to the water’s edge. The Z-shaped hybrid landform provides a new pedestrian infrastructure. Built with a system of mechanically stabilized the earth, the enhanced land form re-establishes the original topography of the site; as it crosses the highway and train tracks and descend meet the city. Furthermore the route descends from the pavilion to the water, it links three distinct settings: a dense and temperate evergreen forest, a deciduous forest of seasonally changing characteristic and a shoreline garden including a series of new tidal terraces for salmon habitat and saltwater vegetation.
PARK
Z-Path Bicycle Path Paccar pavilion East-west-north meadow Alexander calder eagle-the park Gates amphitheater Public land-shop-cafe Skinner trail Beach-puget sound
http://maps.google.com http://archinect.com http://www.seattleartmuseum.org
Dodger Stadium
Governors Island
Governors Island West 8, New York
General Info & History: Governors Island is a 172 acre island in the Upper New York Bay. It is approximately a mile and a half from the southern tip of Manahattan Isand. It is recognized as the birthplace, in 1624, of the state of New York by the New York State Senate and Assembly. The Island itself has changed in both scale and name throughout its numerous years of use. It used to be a small Island of 69 acres until the Army Corps of Engineers added the remaining 103 acres bringing the total acrage to its current scale. The various inhabitants of the island have changed its name several time up until 1784 when British colonists proclaimed it “Governors Island” due to its exclusive use by New York’s State governors. From 1783 to 1966 the island served as a U.S. Army Post. From 1966 to 1996 is served a major U.S. Coast Gaurd Installation. Eventually the Island was abandoned and in 2001 Fort Jay and Castle Williams were deemed National Monuments by the National Park services protecting 22 acres of the site. On January 31, 2003 the remaining 150 acres were sold to the State of New York for one dollar. Development: So the question remained what to do with the land
and how to raise enough money to do anything? After a few silly ideas were thrown around until Adriaan Geuze of the Dutch landscape architecture firm West 8 pitched a plan that reconnect the island to the city and return to it an Identity that it is heavily lacking. The plan calls for a cluster of steep hills, an array of wildly original parkscapes, educational systems, marshlands, hiking and biking trails. The goal at West 8 is to create a park that will someday rival the design of Central Park.
Future: The City has raised 41.5 million dollars for the first phase of the design, that was set to begin in early 2012 and should be completed by Fall of 2013. The second phase will require over 200 million dollars and conplete the clusters of hills, allong with the dismantalling and redesign of the old barracks. Phase three will complete the radical change.
Bike Rental
Hands Free Art
Swings
Hammock Mini-Golf Area The design for Governors Island calls for a series of organized actives along with planned events throughout the year. Some of these, including mini-golf free bike rentals and sections dedicated to hands free kidâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s art.
Picnic Tables
Compost Learning Center
Manhattan Brooklyn
Phase 3 Phase 2
The design by Dutch Landscape Arch. Firm West 8 calls for a three phase plan encompassing several years of minimal sustainable construction and millions of dollars raised in an effort meet this goal.
A ferry to Manhattan connects the two islands, a second ferry is currently in the plans to connect Brooklyn to the marooned Island.
Phase 1
http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4057/4516452168_78cface7dd_o.jpg http://govislandblog.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/regional-map.jpg http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/13/arts/design/13governor.html?_r=0[1/11/2013 11:41:57 AM] http://stuffgroup.net/stuffgroup/content/90.project/33.project-governors-island/image1.jpg http://www.architecture-view.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/walled-garden-on-Governors-Island.jpg http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2010/04/12/arts/20100413_GOVERNORSISLAND_SLIDESHOW_index.html
CityCenter Las Vegas FO +OJB+Denari+Pelli
citycenter
parking
dodger stadium
monte carlo
aria
N<>S section scale:1”=1000’ pool/recreation
E<>W section scale:1”=1000’
aria
veer towers
crystals
[1] CityCenter Las Vegas is the first Urban-themed project of its kind in the city of themed hotel/casinos. CityCenter was designed to be an Urban District with it’s own mix of uses. The Office of James Burnett contributed to design+documentation for CityCenter and led project-wide coordination+collaboration, design presentations, sustainability targets+construction administration.
planting on structure
project perimeter
[2] For argument’s sake, the issue of Las Vegas will have to be foregone if this project is to be critically assessed. Givien CityCenter’s context within Las Vegas, this project was the first development in the city to respond to Las Vegas’ needs for mixed-use urban development. CityCenter targets High-density residential/retail/entertainment/ and recreational development.
structures parking entertainment
[3] THe landscape portion of this site covers a $300 million/LEED Gold project. Landscape typologies include Perimeter plantings, on-structure, off-structure, and indoor plantings. Transportation typologies include light rail, roeads and streets, parking structures, sidewalks, pedestrian paths and bridges, and airport shuttles.
hotel/casino retail
transportation vehicular
[4] CityCenter has seen a steady increase in success since its creation 8 years ago. Condominium residences have sold to High-end targets, even throughout the housing bubble crisis. All structures and typologies function at their intended capacity, except for the cirque du soleil theatre which is only open during performances. Due to the extreme typecast development of this project, each structure may only function at its intended use and may not be easily adapted for other uses. Extraneous uses may be adapted, but given CityCenter’s residents and clientelle, intended programs are unlikely to change.
light rail
aux data<>datum <> Built in Jan. 2005 by MGM Mirage Design group. <> 67 acres/18 million sq. ft. <> $9 billion/high-end residential/hospitality/entertainment/ shopping/recreation <> 6 out of 9 buildings are LEED Gold certified <> ARIA hotel/casino is the largest hotel in the world to achieve LEED Gold <> Site serviced by Clark County Fire Station #32 <> CityCenter has its own 9 MW, 12.000 HP powerplant to power, cool, and provide hot water to the entire site
[5] Economically, CityCenter is not likely to fail. The project is backed by the MGM/Mirage Design group, an organization of unfathomable economic backing and value. However, the VEER towers condo units are advertised as being sold for less than their replacement cost. This has been done in an effort to broaden CityCenter’s target tennant groups.
http://www.globeimages.net/img-city-center-night-las-vegas-1775.htm http://www.citycenter.com/ http://www.ojb.com/project-8/CityCenter-Las-Vegas/1-gallery-description/ http://www.mgmresorts.com/default.aspx http://www2.citycenter.com/vision/vision_architects.aspx
Camden Yards/ Oriole Park
POPULOUS+RTKL Baltimore, MD Camden Yards
Dodger Stadium Satistics on Camden Yards
‘11 ’05 ‘01 ’97 ‘92
stadium capacity 48,041 48,079 48,190 48,290 45,971
E<>W section scale:1”=150’
Location
333 West Camden Street Baltimore, Maryland 21201
Broke Ground
June 28, 1989
Opened
April 6, 1992
Cost
$110 Million
Owner
Maryland Stadium Authority
Surface
Kentucky Blue Grass
Capacity
up to 48,187
Record Attendance
49,828-July 10, 2005
high density
low density
rail
parking camden yards
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Stadium section scale:1”=150’
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0.25 mi/5 min
While Camden Yards is the first baseball-only stadium of its kind, the stadium suffers from single-use. In 1995, Pope John Paul II celebrated mass at the stadium, however this was 1 of only 2 times Camden Yards hosted an event other than baseball. The stadium could easily be adapted to support other uses, however its downtown context allows for extraneous uses in other Baltimore facilities such as The M&T Bank Football Stadium. The buildings and spaces surounding Camden Yards accomodate a multitude of uses. The promenade the runs between Camden Yards and the B&O Warehouse hosts the annual Baltimore Marathon as well as farmers’ markets and baseball memorabilia fairs. Oriole Park is the main feature of the Camden Yards Sports Complex. This baseball stadium is commonly referred to as Camden Yards. Camden Yards was the first single-sport stadium of its kind. Before its completion in 1992, baseball games were held in multi-sport, rectangular, symmetrical stadiums. Camden Yards was also unique in deriving its form from the surrounding landscape. The asymmetrical form of Baltimore’s streets translates into the stadium and the baseball field itself. The adjacent B&O Rail Warehouse was also recycled to be included in the stadium design. Camden Yards reflects the brick material used on the Rail Warehouse. The warehouse also houses groud floor retail, team offices and a team clubhouse.
http://www.ballparksofbaseball.com/al/CamdenYards.htm http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/10/sports/baseball/oriole-park-at-camden-yards-keeps-up-with-the-times-at-age-20.html?_r=0 http://populous.com/project/oriole-park-at-camden-yards/ http://alsd.com/content/camden-yards-undergoing-renovations-2011-season http://baltimore.orioles.mlb.com/bal/ballpark/index.jsp http://www.kci.com/projects/portfolio/facilities/oriole-park-at-camden-yards http://www.inetours.com/images/Snglimgs/Abv_Pac_Bell_Park.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Le_Yankee_Stadium.jpg/300px-Le_Yankee_Stadium.jpg http://www.petcoparkevents.com/admin/img/Home/03.jpg http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_ljo26oDeHJ1qgn65ao1_500.jpg
Olympic Sculpture Park
e t
c p
Governor’s Island
e t
c p
CityCenter Las Vegas
e t
c p
ecological function
ecological function
context
<>remediated brownfield <>salmon habitat <>hydrological “land bridge” <>native landscaping <>pedestrian based transportation
<>land re-use <>native landscaping <>little to no vehicular traffic <>island watershed
<>the Vegas problem <>Urbanized “strip” <>need for residential <>multi-use development <>forms facilitate function <>continued development
transportation
context
ecological function
<>pedestrian paths <>bicycle paths <>re-connection between downtown and wharf
<>military base <>Manhattan <>emulatory of central park <>open space/activity park
<>LEED landscape practices <>LEED certified structures <>site dedicated power plant <>multi-use development=smaller carbon output
context
transportation
transportation
<>petroleum reserve <>downtown Seattle <>waterfront <>unused brownfield <>rail lines
<>only accessable by Manhattan or Brooklyn ferry <>on-site shuttles and buses <>pedestrian scaled spaces
<>light rail connections <>pedestrian bridges <>people movers <>airport shuttles <>Las Vegas Boulevard
program
program
program
<>park <>outdoor museum <>science lab <>shopping <>performances
<>activity park <>escape from Manhattan <>retail/restaurant <>art museum <>waterfront usage
<>hotel/casino <>shopping <>restaurants <>high-end residential <>urban resort
connections
Camden Yards
e t
c p
transportation <>Baltimore Metro <>regional rail <>harbor connections <>pedestrian paths and promenade <>highway access
context <>B&O railyards <>railroad warehouse <>downtown Baltimore <>adjacent harbor <>Camden Yards sports complex
ecological function <>re-used railroad warehouse <>transportational connectivity <>downtown location
program <>major league baseball <>retail <>sports events <>storefront promenade
Despite the similarities and differences between these projects, it is easy to see why these projects were selected for study in comparison with Dodger Stadium. After each individual case study was completed, four categories of comparison were selected. These categories are ecological value, transportation, context, and program. Each site was evaluated in these categories based on what each site has to offer. The ecological value, transportation, and context were all rated on a scale of 1 to 4 and ranked with each other site. The program category was more subjectively analyzed and rated accordingly.
These sites share strong transportation linkages. Despite Olympic Sculpture Park being classified as a transportation/infrastructure project, we found Camden Yards to have the strongest transportation infrastructure. Olympic Sculpture Park effectively creates transportation where there had been none before by incorporating bike and pedestrian paths to connect the isolated wharf with downtown Seattle. Camden Yards benefits from multiple modes of transportation. The site has two rail stops; one from Baltimore Metro, and the other from a regional train line. Camden Yards is also less than 2 blocks from the waterfront of the inn harbor of Baltimore. The stadium also has its own dedicated highway onramp/off-ramp. The space between Oriole Park and the B&O warehouse is used as a promenade thoroughfare for pedestrians to easily access all areas of the site. The stadium’s proximity to downtown Baltimore also allows for ease of pedestrian access.
Programmatically is where the differences in these projects were found. CityCenter Las Vegas is undoubtedly a highly successful urban resort project that is proving to be very influential in the future development of Las Vegas. In terms of multi-use urban development, CityCenter provides amenities and necessities to its residents and visitors. Every urban based activity has an on-site dedicated structure, facility, or space. While Camden Yards also has a strong building typology, program is unlikely to change. Camden Yards is The first congruency the team discovmore than capable of hosting nonered was the similarities in ecological sports related events, but has only done value between Olympic Sculpture so twice since its opening 20 years ago. Garden and Governor’s Island. The This may be attributed to the stadium’s striking remediation of the Olympic downtown context where there is a Sculpture Garden clearly stood out in dedicated location for all activities. these four projects as having the largest Governor’s Island has effectively transecological benefit. The re-used and formed an abandoned military base re-purposed military structures on into a reclusive activity park for visitors to Governor’s Island prevents the use of Manhattan. However, landscape heavy construction equipment or even typologies tend to be too strict with having to ferry such machinery onto the spaces being shaped by their designed island. Camden Yards makes an intention. Olympic Sculpture Garden attempt to re-use structures by repurpos- takes park landscape typology and ing the B&O Railroad Warehouse, gives control to its user. Program is more however this choice was geared more likely to accommodate unintended uses towards historical preservation than and support a wide array of urban ecological function. outdoor activities.
Hollywood Hills West Hollywood. Beverly Hills
Central L.A.
Civic Little
Downtown L.A. Fashion District
http://www.city-data.com/ http://www.losangeleswork http://maps.google.com/m
Employment agencies
Manufacturing center
Korean town
TV, film production in L.A.
Dodger Stadium
China town
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Over 900 Lodging Sites
27 Hotels in Downtown, 4 hotels within 1.6 miles
Concerts/Live Theater 20% Art Galleries/Museums 20% Guided Tours 29% Cultural Heritage Sites 33% Casino/Gambling 34% Visit Small Towns 39% Theme Parks 49% Sightseeing/City Tour 59% Dinning in Restaurants 85% Shopping 89%
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Employment
Type of Work
Population
Work/Housing Ratio
Density
Destinations
Factories
Available Jobs
Development Typologies
Transit Corrid
Dodger Stadium
Products
Technology
Ports
1
Writers
Return Visits Localization
Monoculture
Lodging Extended Stays Tourism
Participation
3 CONNECTIONS http://www.afn.org/~alplatt/tubemap.gif
Film and Tel
Industry
Perceptual Boundaries Distance from Home
Materials
Freeways
dors
levision
2
Buses
Manufacturing Expansion
Job Agencies
3
Rail
Conectivity Work
Commute Traffic
Transportation
Fun Factor
Attractions
Key to Lines Key to Transit Zones 1 Economy 2 Housing 3 Tourism
Density Perception Employment Development Typology Manufacturing Attraction