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P L A CE Fern Cheong | 813508 Thesis Booklet Studio 6 | MAHC
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CONTENTS PAGE 01
Thesis Statement
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Wicked Issue
Design Principals
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Framing Suburbia
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Critiquing suburbia
Architectural Theories
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Overall Map
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Suburban Fabric
Robin Boyd theory discussion dichotomy of suburbia
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77
85
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71
79
91
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Parti Diagram
Tete Le Tair, Paris, France
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Planning Focus
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Concept Diagram
Relevant Precedents
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Post War Housing
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concept principles
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Design Principles
Density vs Intensity
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Concept Design
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Design
Bibliography
Type 2 Breakdown
Apartment units breakdown
Type 3 Breakdown
Structure
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Type 1 Breakdown
Ground Floor Site Plan
III
first- third floor plans
Roof Plans
Renders
Overall Isometric
Section perspectives
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Ruang Tekuni, AABP architects PILESTREDET 77/79 / REIULF RAMSTAD ARKITEKTER
Thesis statement | Australian suburbia, examined purely through housing stock, reveal the “copyist”1 tendency of re-creating the same set of spaces required by people in the post-war housing boom, neglecting the needs of the current generation.2 Despite the non-stop developments of housing being made in Urban Growth areas, more than 60% of young australians are still unable to obtain their own homes.3 Still operating under the conservative housing principles in the Australian context4, the potential identity of the suburbs is hidden by the placelessness and distance between itself and everyday life.5 Therefore, this thesis will explore how affordable housing can be used as a tool to create a finer grained layer within the existing systemic organization of blocks and roads, thereby introducing a new facet of suburban living consisting of flexible, cost effective housing that revolves around the push and pull of shared spaces and individual lifestyles.
1 Kenneth Frampton, “Towards a Critical Regionalism: Six points for an architecture of resistance,” New York (1983), pg 2 Jane-Frances Kelly and Peter Breadon, “Tomorrow’s Suburbs: building flexible neighbourhoods”, Grattan institute Report N.2012-8, (2012), pg. 7, https://grattan.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/167_tomorrows_suburbs.pdf 3 Judith Yates, “Why does Australia have an Affordable Housing Problem and What Can Be Done About It?” review of Policy Forum: Housing Policy, The Australian Economic Review Vol 49, No.3 (2016): 328-339, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research 4 Robin Boyd, The Australian Ugliness (Melbourne: The Text Publishing Company, 1960), pg 5 Thorsten Botz-Bornstein, “Wang shu and the Possibilities of Architectural Regionalism in China,” Nordic Journal of Architectural Research 21, No. 1 (2009): pg, Gulf University for Science and Technology, College of Arts and Sciences Philosophy Hawally, Kuwait
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PA RT I
T h e Wic ke d Issue
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Framing Suburbia | Mernda Railway
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Framing Suburbia |
City of Whittlesea
Mernda Train Line
Mernda
south morang
The Idea of Suburbia | Historically the municipality of Whittlesea was home to farmers and miners that came from all over Australia and overseas to seek better oppotunities for themselves and their family. A rich set of historical artefacts lay hidden underneath the currrent sea of single detatched dwellings that now only represent the advantage and disadvantage of the rise of private automobile vehicles.
Epping
Mill park lalor
thomastown
Vesicular Basalts Siltstone and shales Granite
Reservoir
Aborignal Cultural Sensitivity Sites New urban growth boundary Initial urban growth boundary
Quarry Sites Melbourne Water Drains
Suburb outlines Railway Lines
Local Whittlesea Drains
perimeter of local Whittlesea Drainage
Water Flow ISC 1999-2010 (water degradation) Flood prone areas
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Stockade park
Bedrock Outcrop
municipality |
Demographics
suburb density
8,000
40
6,000
30 person per hectare
number of persons
Forecast Age Structure
4,000
20
10
2,000
0-4
5-11
12-17
18-24
25-34
35-49
50-59
60-69
70-84
85+
Thomastown
lalor
Epping
age group (years) 2016
2031
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2041
10
south morang
mernda
Framing Suburbia | roads as walls
It is obvious that the needs of the car preceded the needs of the people as the fabric is made up of roads that creep around each suburban block that spans an average of 250m. Roads are developed as the primary means of travel and as the basic facet of accesibility.1 However roads have become exclusive to people who own cars and as such inherently created a socio-economic divide between people who have the means to own and operate cars and those who struggle to do so.2 This eventually is the start to gentrification of the outer surbubs, yet again reducing the variety of communities that make neighbourhoods so vibrant.
“everyone eats, sleeps, talks and works within a hundred feet from a road. but a road is not there to be dreamt about, feared or remembered; it is there to be driven along forgetfully on the way to somewhere else.” - Joe Moran, On Roads- a hidden history
1 Joe Moran, “On Roads: a hidden history”, Profile Books, 2010, pg. 4 2 Terry Burke and John Stone, Transport disadvantage and low-income rental housing (Melbourne: Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute, 2014. edu.au/research/position-papers/157
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Demographics |
lifestyle
ease of getting to local places when needed by walking
frequency of using public transport for non-work
whittlesea household survey (2019)
whittlesea household survey (2019)
0 (very difficult)
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10 (very easy)
10
50
9 8
40
7 30
6 5 4 3
6.15
5.77
5.68
5.39
5.38
5.38
20
10
2 1 0
0 south morang
Epping
Thomastown
mernda
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city of whittlesea
lalor
daily
2-3days/week
weekly
fortnightly
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monthly
less than monthly
never
lifestyle
This perhaps then leads to the question of, are these spaces even required anymore? Does the current generation of people even want to live in these spaces, assuming they can even afford it. And if not, what sorts of spaces are then required to meet the needs of a new digital age generation?
et
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n stre
Looking at the types of housing that was produced after the war, there is almost mechanical approach generating these houses. 1Architecturally, these houses respond to the times by providing exact spaces and functions for an Australian family; whether or not intentional or by accident is another issue.2 However, culturally, these Post war houses were in fact, built to absorb the repurcussions of exactly the people who experienced the war, eluding to the “rigid and exclusive” image of what all Australian housing should be.3
statio
Framing Suburbia |
site plan
1
Ruth Balith and Julie Kalman, “The idea of home in postwar Australia”, History Australia 11, 1, pg12, 6-12, DOI: 10.1080/14490854.2013.11668497 2 Ruth Balith and Julie Kalman, “The idea of home in postwar Australia”, History Australia 11, 1, pg6, 6-12, DOI: 10.1080/14490854.2013.11668497 3 Ruth Balith and Julie Kalman, “The idea of home in postwar Australia”, Pg 8
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mass produced mesh wire doors
mass produced glass led to large openings in houses
minimal decorative elements from wrought iron fences
Attached Garage
Lack of bricks led to the proliferation of brick veneer houses post ww2
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Monetary Value
Housing prices AVerage Weekly Income 1985
2015 Figure 1. Ratio of median Dwelling Prices to Average Weekly Earnings (annually) (2016)
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Increase in house price
Increase in Earnings
Figure 2. Simplified data showing the need for affordable housing (2016)
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Framing Suburbia | “-[T]he Sameness of our buildings and the digital age diminishes a sense of Place”1
Questioning Suburbia | identity Robin Boyd describes the Australian Suburban Identity as being rooted in something that is a poor imitation of the original- the american suburban sprawl/ dream.2 This is perhaps why the surburban fabric produces a feeling of placelessness as the roots of its identity did not come from the people but rather from an “ideal image” that was simply copied and not critiqed to be adapted into the Australian context for Australians.³
current patterns of Suburbia in Australia and Melbourne in particular cannot be left unchecked anymore.⁴
1 Mina Najafi and Mustafa Kamal Bin Mohd Shariff, “The concept of Place and Sense of Place in Architectural Studies” International Journal of Human and Social Sciences 6,3 (2011): 189, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288118788_The_concept_of_place_and_sense_of_place_in_architectural_studies 2 Robin Boyd, The Australian Ugliness, pg71 3 Kenneth Frampton, “Towards a Critical Regionalism”, pg 2 4 Becky Quintal, “Christoph Gielen’s “Ciphers”: Aerial Views of American Sprawl”, Archdaily, 14 April 2014, https://www.archdaily. com/496567/christoph-gielen-s-ciphers-aerial-views-of-american-sprawl
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Suburban Fabric |
dichotomy
Delving deeper into the experiential qualities of the built urban environment as well as the supporting landscape, the idea of society associating patterns of daily life with their sense of belonging and identity1 within my proposed architecture makes it worth critiquing the current moments within the site that contributes (or not) to the Sense of Place.2 This eludes to the idea that while the model for suburban houses (large front and back yard, private garage and porch areas) are in its own ways pleasant and still upholds the values that the older generation desired after. The change in user groups of the current times have now experienced universal living through digital means and want more out of their housing besides large living spaces and the exclusivity that inherently comes with the theme of suburbia.
garage Bed2
bed3 car garage
Bath
Kitchen Porch
Porch
bed 3
Bed1
Dining
laundry
Living
kitchen
bed 2
Entrance
living
bed 1
Porch
Figure 4. Housing Plan of 448 Station Street, Lalor (Real Estate)
Figure 3. Housing Plan of 29 Dickens Street, Lalor (Real Estate)
shared spaces
potential shared spaces
1 David Adjaye, Constructed Narratives, Lars Mueller Publishing, 2016 September 1, pg 186 2 Mina Najafi and Mustafa Kamal Bin Mohd Shariff, “The concept of Place and Sense of Place in Architectural Studies” International Journal of Human and Social Sciences 6,3 (2011): 189, https://www. researchgate.net/publication/288118788_The_concept_of_place_and_sense_of_place_in_architectural_studies 3 Ruth Balith and Julie Kalman, “The idea of home in postwar Australia”, Pg 7 4 Thorsten Botz-Bornstein, “Wang shu and the Possibilities of Architectural Regionalism in China,” pg 5 5 Mina Najafi and Mustafa Kamal Bin Mohd Shariff, “The concept of Place and Sense of Place in Architectural Studies”, pg
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Suburban Opportunities |
lifestyle
The sudden shift in lifestyle from unprecedented events such as the Covid-19 pandemic has revealed the need for a more adaptive neighbourhood in the suburbs.1 Speculating the shift towards a more decentralized pattern due to people being more isolated within their homes have brought a new typological perspective as to what a “home” or “dwelling” could be. This project will aim to reveal the potential of the current suburban fabric by retaining the same block boundaries as the current organization of single detatched dwellings. Furthermore, observing the difference within the relationship public and private spaces and how they pertain to each individuals lifestyle thereby creating ambigious spaces on purpose to be given unique purposes by different individuals especially in the current time.
“We work here and dwell there” -Martin Hedeigger, p3 (or do we?)
1 Jane-Frances Kelly and Peter Breadon, “Tomorrow’s Suburbs: building flexible neighbourhoods”, Grattan institute Report N.2012-8, (2012), pg. 10, https://grattan.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/167_tomorrows_suburbs.pdf
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Theory |
Architectural Approach
Proposing an Architectural Model that reflects identity revolving around human experiences required me to look into different perspectives of the relationship between people, place and context. Focusing mainly on the theory of Critical Regionalism by Kennth Frampton and referencing from the Australian Ugliness by Robin Boyd1, the “copyist” tendencies of Australian Suburban Housing stock has led to the need for arhcitecture to critically define contemporary living and modern architecture without simply replicating the past, nor completely ignoring it and embracing wholly the international style- which embodies placelessness like no other2. However, referencing also the perspectives of situationist Simon Sadler who very much pursues the idea of unconstrained spatial movements that is identified as “drift”3. Essentially informing the built environment is the mobility of the people and curating “situations” or perhaps moments or experiences that are special and playful in a sense.4
Figure 14. The Situationist City Book Cover
Figure 13. The Australian Ugliness Book Cover
Similarly, concepts from the Unknown City about social spaces that “emerge from struggle, conceptial and the lived”5 is an interesting way of informing how Places can evolve and having a subversive take on the traditional built environment.
Figure 15. Critical Regionalism Cover
Figure 17. The Unknown City book cover 1 Robin Boyd, The Australian Ugliness, 2 Kenneth Frampton, “Towards a Critical Regionalism”, pg 2 3 Simon Sadler, “The Situationist CIty,” (London: The MIT Press, 1998), pg 56 4 Simon Sadler, “The Situationist CIty,” pg 130 5 Iaim Borden, Jane Rendell, Joe Kerr, Alicia Pivaro, The Unknown City, (U.S: MIT Press, 2001), Things, Flows, Filters, Tactics, Monash University LIbrary ebook collection (EBSCOhost), pg 11
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Figure 16. Sense of Place Journal Cover
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Theory |
Density vs Intensity
High Density | High Street Intensity
Low Density | Low Street Intensity
Melbourne CBD; Elizabeth Street
Lalor ; Kingsway Drive
Tim Stoner, “Intense Relationship: Measuring Urban Intensity�, Architectural Review, (2018), https://www.architectural-review.com/essays/intense-relationships-measuring-urban-intensity#:~:text=Density%20is%20a%20word%20used,that%20are%20ultimat
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Theory |
Hierarchy of roads and places
Historical Street Planning in the UK evidence of high intensity
radial streets
pedestrian + vehicles
central public square High transient intensity
“Architecture can’t force people to connect; it can only plan the crossing points, remove barriers, make the meeting places useful and attractive.” - Denise Scott Brown
residential streets
occasional interruptions of open space
Tim Stoner, “Intense Relationship: Measuring Urban Intensity”, Architectural Review, (2018), https://www.architectural-review.com/essays/intense-relationships-measuring-urban-intensity#:~:text=Density%20is%20a%20word%20used,that%20 are%20ultimately%20more%20important. Shalmagli Wagle, Denise Scott Brown On the Past, Present and Future of VSBA’s Groundbreaking Theories , (2016), https://www.archdaily.com/796821/denise-scott-brown-on-the-past-present-and-future-of-vsbas-groundbreaking-theories
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Proposal |
Design Principles
Flexible Design Spaces- to accomodate the ever changing shift in users and their association with Place thereby forming the temporal “identity� of the place. Central Courtyards/ Circulation spaces- to breakdown the community as a whole into smaller groups for more intimate and familiar settings. Places to walk, sit, pause and think - nooks and corners for people to be out of their homes but close enough for convenience. Sturdy rigid structure with soft/ ephmeral interior to represent the initial dichotomy and opportunities of the Suburban road fabric Unique formation of housing that is efficient in space in order to be cost effective and affordable to construct.
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precedents |
weaving context
Tete in L’air | KOZ Architectes Social Housing in Paris, France Year Completed | 2013 “[request for the] Preservation of the building on the street to retain its picturesque spirit.”2
Figure 22. Original Building at site
This project addresses affordability through the use of providing spaces and apartments at different scales thereby responding to the variety of people that exist instead of defining the spaces only for certain groups. As shown in the plan as well as the diagram below, the architecture responded to the aspect of human activity and community by allowing all private spaces to face inwards to the semi public pathway, fostering connections between neighbours therby creating a common Sense of Place and identity for the area. The playful Push and Pull of various parts of the facade also contribute to the human scale intervention and experience towards the common realm, solidifying its stance on creating meaningful experiences even within the privacy of ones home.1
Figure 23. Image of Tete in L’aire top down
Figure 24. Image of Tete in L’aire down up
Figure 25. Plan drawing of Tete in L’air
Single
Single Parent Couple
family of 3
family of 4
1 KOZ Architects, Tete in L’air, paris, France, (2013, n.d), https://www.archdaily.com/462947/tete-inl-air-koz-architectes 2 KOZ Architects, Tete in L’air, paris, France, (2013, n.d), https://www.archdaily.com/462947/tete-inl-air-koz-architectes
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Precedents |
Ruang Tekuni Apartments / DDAP Architect
DDAP Architect, Kuta, Indonesia, (2018) photo of Ruang Tekuni Apartments https://www.archdaily.com/946458/ruang-tekuni-apartments-ddap-architect?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all
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Precedents |
Ruang Tekuni Apartments / DDAP Architect
The idea of a courtyard being used as a shared space for a abit of a reprive from the indoors while still maintaining the privacy and comfort of being in your own home was done well in this project. the subtle entrances of the project that slowly transitions into a shared space creates a subtle change between public and private.
DDAP Architect, Kuta, Indonesia, (2018) Plan of Ruang Tekuni Apartments https://www.archdaily.com/946458/ruang-tekuni-apartments-ddap-architect?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all
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Precedents |
PILESTREDET 77/79 / REIULF RAMSTAD ARKITEKTER
The fragmentation of the project that produces different typologies based on the size of the building creates a different sense of belonging for the users. the different offsets of each building is also reminiscent of the residential front yard areas that are used to show the transition between the smaller scale building to the larger scale building
Reiulf Ramstad Arkitekter, Norway Orslo, (2020) Perspective drawing of Pilestredet 77/79, https://divisare.com/projects/429661-reiulf-ramstad-arkitekter-ivar-kvaal-pilestredet-77-79
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PA RT I I
Conc ep t D esi gn
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concept |
principles
Base
Intersection
Private apartments where individuals or families are able to be by themselves.
A place of chance encounters between friends and strangers made up of entrances and corridors.
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Square
Crossing
A ambidextrous place for people to experience both walking, cycling, running, skating but also sitting, leaning, pausing, thinking, chatting and reading.
An extension of the project reaching outwards to the neighbouring context to acknowledge and react as a civic connection.
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concept |
relationships
Breaking down the current block of single detatched dwellings and adding a finer grain suburban fabric layer that consists of walking paths, spaces for pausing and gathering and increasing the porosity and connectivity towards the train station creates a platform for a shared public spaces that is productive and community focused.
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concept |
relationships
Relationship with open space around train station
Used as a transient boundary for outer residents
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Diversified proposed movement as opposed to regularity of the existing
Public Space within the pathway pulling people deeper within the block
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concept |
massing process
Angles are cut off to create a smoother transition into the areas and to create bigger public spaces outwards
More alleyways are created to fragment the larger blocks
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spaces are massaged and pushed back to form variety of open spaces
final proposed form
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PA RT I I I
De sign
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Design |
Individual Apartments
Repeated Windows
Repeated facade Cladding
One bedroom apartment
Two Bedroom apartments
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Three bedroom apartments
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Design |
Individual Apartments
Entrance directly opens up to the living space. Taking in the “public� part of the house at once
Wet areas are lined up at the side of the house that does not require window openings for easy connection
Balcony is semi protruding out into the streets forming a connection that is controlled by the user. Once the doors open it becomes an extension of the living space
Private areas of the house such as bedrooms are placed starting from the opposite corner of the house from the living areas
External Storage
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Design |
Structure
SImple GluLam Structure that forms a 6x6 Grid
Identical Glulam Beams used throughout construction to reduce cost
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Design |
Flexibility
Glulam timber structure allows for flexibility within the interior spaces thereby creating future opportunities for houses to convert into larger homes or commercial shops
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Design |
Typologies
type 1 Trash chute and lift core at the side of the building to be used for furniture and the disabled. Walking up stairs is encouraged
Central internal staircase that connects outwards into the central courtyard space providing opportunity for visual connectivity and outlook
Entrance is defined by change in floor level to represent the subtle shift from public to private and act as buffer zone for residents and visitors
little abnormalities in the floorplate that widens the corridor enough to provide a seating space for connection with other residents
6m
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12m
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Design |
Typologies
type 2
openings are left at the end of building to let in a lighter atmosphere due to the building being bigger than type 1 as well as different aspect views Main focus of this typology is the large public arena that the building surrounds to provide a safe atmosphere. can be used as a play area for kids where they can be looked after by neighours and community Adults can use the area for general sporting activity or special occasions
To increase the activity space in the middle, the blocks are pushed together to create a skinnier corridor space as compared to the other buildings. Holes are punched out of the floorplates at the side to still allow sunlight throughout the building
6m 12m
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Design |
Typologies
type 3
External shared balcony reminiscent of a suburban patio used as external recreational area
Wide entrance area that stretches across the width of the building to break down the length into 2 smaller building components.
Elevated Public garden ontop of the public study spaces on ground floor
Storage spaces for one bedroom apartments 6m 12m
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Design |
Ground Floor Site Plan
100m
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200m
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Storage Spaces
100m
Public areas
200m
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100m
200m
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Design |
First Floor Site Plan
100m
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200m
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Design |
Roof Plan
Public green House
Rooftop Public areas
100m
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200m
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Design |
Sectional perspective
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Design |
Sectional perspective
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Design |
External render
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PolyCarbonate Cladding to soften the exterior aesthetics of the building. The color helps the building to blend into the sky when looking up which help highlight the exposed glulam structure
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Design |
Rooftop render SHeltered public areas with communal kitchen that opens up into a outdoors recreational area with bbq pits and seating.
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Design |
Internal Render Interior of the living spaces of 3 bedroom apartment.
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Design |
Overall Isometric
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Bibliography | Scholarly Readings:
List of Figures:
Boyd, Robin. “The Australian Ugliness”. (Melbourne: The Text Publishing Company, 1960).
Figure 1-2: Yates, Judith, “Indicative Median Dwelling Prices, Average Earnings”. (2016). The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research Figure 3-4: Real Estate. https://www.realestate.com.au/property-house-vic-lalor-134095842 Figure 5: Screencapture of Nearmaps, http://maps.au.nearmap.com/ Figure 6-12: Screen capture of Google Maps, https://www.google.com/maps
Najafi, Mina, Mustafa Kamal Bin Mohd Shariff. “The concept of Place and Sense of Place in Architectural Studies” International Journal of Human and Social Sciences 6,3 (2011). https://www. researchgate.net/publication/288118788_The_concept_of_place_and_sense_of_place_in_architectural_studies Frampton, Kenneth. “Towards a Critical Regionalism: Six points for an architecture of resistance.” New York (1983). Sadler, Simon. “The Situationist CIty.” (London: The MIT Press, 1998). Borden, Iaim, Jane Rendell, Joe Kerr, Alicia Pivaro, The Unknown City. (U.S: MIT Press, 2001). Things, Flows, Filters, Tactics, Monash University LIbrary ebook collection (EBSCOhost). Yates, Judith. “Why does Australia have an Affordable Housing Problem and What Can Be Done About It?” review of Policy Forum: Housing Policy, The Australian Economic Review Vol 49, No.3 (2016): 328-339, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research Botz-Bornstein, Thorsten. “Wang shu and the Possibilities of Architectural Regionalism in China,” Nordic Journal of Architectural Research 21, No. 1 (2009): pg, Gulf University for Science and Technology, College of Arts and Sciences Philosophy Hawally, Kuwait Jung, Inha. “Architecture and Urbanism in Modern Korea” (Hawaii: University of Hawai’i Press, 2013), 81-96. Koolhaas, Rem. “Delirious New York: a retrospective manifesto for manhattan” (New York: The Monacelli Press, 1994), p20 Balith, Ruth and Julie Kalman, “The idea of home in postwar Australia”, History Australia 11, 1, pg6, 6-12, DOI: 10.1080/14490854.2013.11668497 Adjaye, David, “Constructed Narratives”, Lars Mueller Publishing, 2016 September 1, pg 183-192 Rzepnika, Sylvia and Daniel Zaluski, “Innovative Railway Stations”, IOP conference series: Materiald Science and engineering, WMCAUS (2009), doi:10.1088/1757-899X/245/8/082009 Terry Burke and John Stone, Transport disadvantage and low-income rental housing (Melbourne: Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute, 2014. edu.au/research/position-papers/157 Online Websites: De Zwarte Hond and Powerhouse Company, Assen Station, Netherlands, (2020, n.d), https://www. archdaily.com/943331/assen-station-powerhouse-company-plus-de-zwarte-hond KOZ Architects, Tete in L’air, paris, France, (2013, n.d), https://www.archdaily.com/462947/tete-inl-air-koz-architectes Quintal, Becky “Christoph Gielen’s “Ciphers”: Aerial Views of American Sprawl”, Archdaily, 14 April 2014, https://www.archdaily.com/496567/christoph-gielen-s-ciphers-aerial-views-ofamerican-sprawl
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Bookcovers: Figure 13: Boyd, Robin, “The Australian Ugliness” (Melbourne: The Text Publishing Company, 1960), cover page Figure 14: Sadler, Simon, “The Situationist CIty,” (London: The MIT Press, 1998), Cover Page Figure 15: Frampton, Kenneth “Towards a Critical Regionalism: Six points for an architecture of resistance,” New York (1983), Cover Page Figure 16: Najafi, Mina and Mustafa Kamal Bin Mohd Shariff, “The Concept of Place and Sense of Place in Architectural Studies,” International Journal of Human and Social Sciences 6,3 (2011), Cover page Figure 17: Borden, Iaim, Jane Rendell, Joe Kerr, Alicia Pivaro, The Unknown City, (U.S: MIT Press, 2001), Things, Flows, Filters, Tactics, Monash University LIbrary ebook collection (EBSCOhost), Cover Page Precedents: Figure 18-19: De Zwarte Hond and Powerhouse Company, Assen Station, Netherlands, Photos, (2020, n.d), https://www.archdaily.com/943331/assen-station-powerhouse-company-plus-dezwarte-hond Figure 20: De Zwarte Hond and Powerhouse Company, Assen Station, Netherlands, Plan Drawing, (2020, n.d), https://www.archdaily.com/943331/assen-station-powerhouse-company-plusde-zwarte-hond Figure 21: De Zwarte Hond and Powerhouse Company, Assen Station, Netherlands, Section Drawing, (2020, n.d), https://www.archdaily.com/943331/assen-station-powerhouse-companyplus-de-zwarte-hond Figure 22-24: KOZ Architects, Tete in L’air, paris, France, Photos, (2013, n.d), https://www.archdaily.com/462947/tete-in-l-air-koz-architectes Figure 25: KOZ Architects, Tete in L’air, paris, France, Plan Drawing, (2013, n.d), https://www. archdaily.com/462947/tete-in-l-air-koz-architectes Reiulf Ramstad Arkitekter, Norway Orslo, (2020) Perspective drawing of Pilestredet 77/79, https://divisare.com/projects/429661-reiulf-ramstad-arkitekter-ivar-kvaal-pilestredet-77-79 DDAP Architect, Kuta, Indonesia, (2018) Plan of Ruang Tekuni Apartments https://www.archdaily. com/946458/ruang-tekuni-apartments-ddap-architect?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_ result_all Mapping information Adapted from: https://www.environment.vic.gov.au/biodiversity/bioregions-and-evc-benchmarks https://earthresources.vic.gov.au/search?query=bluestone https://gsv.vic.gov.au/sd_weave/anonymous.html https://mapshare.vic.gov.au/MapShareVic/index.html?viewer=MapShareVic.PublicSite&locale=en-AU City Of Whittlesea, “Flood Management Plan”, Issue 1, 8 December 2010, https:// www.whittlesea.vic.gov.au/media/5508/whittlesea-flood-management-plan-parta-e-issue-1.pdf City of Whittlesea Council, “Draft Whittlesea Green Wedge Management Plan”, 20112021, https://www.whittlesea.vic.gov.au/media/1840/part-2-people.pdf
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Figure 26: https://lalorllc.vic.edu.au/ Figure 27: Simplex Architects, Seodaemun-gu, Hongje-dong, South Korea, (2019, n.d), https:// www.archdaily.com/925737/hongje-community-center-simplex-architecture?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_projects Figure 28: Assemble Housing, Kensington, Melbourne (2019) https://assemblecommunities.com/ projects/393-macaulay-rd-kensington/ Figure 29-30: NL Architects, Franksurt, Photos, (2019, n.d), https://www.archdaily.com/915599/ nl-architects-plus-studyo-design-terraced-affordable-housing-for-frankfurt figure 31-32: Kengu Kuma Associates, Sauragaoka Childcare Centre, Hiroshima Japan, Photos, (2020), https://www.archdaily.com/946032/sakuragaoka-childcare-center-kengo-kuma-and-associates?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_projects Figure 33: Wang Shu, MAterials Collection, https://magaceen.com/en/arts/wang-shu-material-works/ Figure 34 and 35 : https://www.whittlesea.vic.gov.au/media/4796/city-of-whittlesea-2019-household-survey-report.pdf Figure 36 https://forecast.id.com.au/whittlesea/population-age-structure?WebID=125&AgeTypeKey=3
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Kelly, Jane-Frances and Peter Breadon, “Tomorrow’s Suburbs: building flexible neighbourhoods”, Grattan institute Report N.2012-8, (2012), pg. 7-10, https://grattan.edu.au/wp-content/ uploads/2014/04/167_tomorrows_suburbs.pdf Moran, Joe. “On Roads: a hidden history”. Profile Books, 2010, pg. 4 Stoner, Tim. “Intense Relationship: Measuring Urban Intensity”, Architectural Review, (2018), https://www.architectural-review.com/essays/intense-relationships-measuring-urban-intensity#:~:text=Density%20is%20a%20word%20used,that%20are%20ultimately%20more%20important.
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