140  Graphic Design: The New Basics
909
90 360
900
388 388
990
312
367 218 244
349
250 238 234
246 240 224 224 224
218
200
267
191
122
211
200
123
218
90 213
100 99
2
2
2
0
3
0
-13
-38.25-40 -40.5-40.25
-30 -25
-35.5
-55
-40 -40 -41
-45
-60.25 -70.25
-40.5 -50
0 -4 -9
-40
-40
-40
-39
-42
-41 -51
-25
-35 -39 -43
-34 -64
-59.25
-65
0
-9
-19
-38
-43
-34
-23 -40
-32
-23
-40.5 -50 100 900 100
-33.25
-80 -40.5
-33.25 -41 -49
-28
-34
-22
-33
-30 -45
-30.25 -45 -49
-41 -59
0
0 -40.5
-30
-40.5 -45 -50 -80
-80
-35 -40
-68
12.5 0
-40 -40.5
1
-0
-20
-31 -49
-50 -80
2.5
-50
-50
-77
-1 -32 -45
-60.25 -70.25
-36
158 -68 -78 -80
-65
17.5 2.5
-0 -10
193 75
-35 -45 -67 -77
2.5
-40.
-15 -38.25-40 -40.5-40.25
158 -40
944
0
-39
-63
-39
33 2.75
308
-48 -78 255
9
-80
944
-29 -32 -34
-34
-59
-32
-43
-75
-80
380
-36
-38.5 -44
-60.25 -70.25 -9
0 -15
-40.5 -50 -54
-40
119
43
-12 -14
-3
777 44
-15 -38.25-40 -40.5-40.25 67
-4 -14
250 238 234
246 240 224 224 224
258
91 73
169 169
241
231
221
203
200
196
99 83
283
244
170 100 99 100
116
215
900
262
909
-30 -47
-80
-20 -38
-40
-35
-80
Temporal Layers In musical notation, the notes for each instrument in a symphony or for each voice in a chorus appear on parallel staffs. The graphic timelines used in audio, video, and animation software follow this intuitive convention, using simultaneous tracks to create composite layers of image and sound. In soap operas and television dramas, parallel threads unfold alongside each other and converge at key moments in the story. The split screens, inset panels, and text feeds commonly seen in news programming allow several visual tracks to play simultaneously. From musical notation and computer interfaces to narrative plot lines, parallel linear tracks (layers in time) are a crucial means for describing simultaneous events.
Musical Notation This score shows the notes played by four different musicians simultaneously (first violin, second violin, viola, and cello). Each staff represents a separate instrument. Ludwig van Beethoven, musical score, String Quartet No. 2 in G Major, 1799.
-37
-43
-40
-36
-