Part A
Conclusion Learning Objectives & Outcomes Algorithmic Studies References
01 02 03 04 09 10 13 14 17 18 19 26
Week Four-Nine Inspiration Research Field; Tessellation Case Study 01 Grasshopper Definition Case Study 02 Development Prototypes Proposal Learning Objectives & Outcomes Algorithmic Studies References
27 28 29 31 32 33 36 37 41 53 59 61 68
Week Ten-Twelve Precedent Study Development Prototypes Construction Process Detail Drawings Fab Lab & Model Process Additional LAGI Brief Requirements Learning Objectives & Outcomes References
69 70 71 73 75 80 81 83 87 91 96
Introduction Week One Design Futuring Week Two Design Computation Week Three Composition & Generation
Part B
Part C
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I arrived in Melbourne from Singapore on February 2014. I graduated from Singapore Polytechnic with Diploma in Architecture. My interest in architecture grew when I took Design and Technology in my secondary education. Entering the working field at SC3 Design + Architects and P&T Consultants Pte Ltd, made me realised that there are more things that I need to learn. I believe University of Melbourne would grant the learning experience I yearn for. Currently, I am in Bachelor of Environments, majoring in Architecture. I receive an advance standing of two years from University of Melbourne, thus I am currently in my 3rd year. Ever since I was young, I had developed the imaginative skill in designing my own house. I am keen in this career path despite the amount of time you have to commit in this career.
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Readings We learn about sustainability and ethics. Algorithmic The basic objective of this exercise is to understand how to use rhino and grasshopper.
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Sustainability aims to suggest a more materially grounded objective and agency. It is important that everyone decide on what type of environment they want to live in so that they could live in the environment that they want to the fullest. The realisation of the perfect environment is tough however it is a good start to take into consideration of the environment. Sustainability is taking away our ability to design and be flexible and be creative in our creations. Architects find it hard to work in the domains of democratic design while ignoring over the problem of dysfunctional binary. Design intelligence is part of the process of having a successful qualities of the form and content of the designed environment. Architects need to make crucial decisions and judgements based on the future potential of the environment. In this modern era, it is easier for architecture students and architects to understand and visualise building with materials due to the highly inclined technology. This is an advantage as we could take into consideration of the specification and expression of a particular material in the building without having to build it in real life. It is easier to control as everything could be done in a software. Modernist find it hard to connect certain element to sustainability as they are more concern with how the building will look like in comparison to how the building is sustainable.
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The use of linear pedestrian profile from the site, Zaha Hadid extract the profile and form in into an organic form whereby it turns into an organism that sprout network of successive networks. This form has been thought fully in relation to the site context. “As it winds through the site, the architecture increases in complexity, building up height and depth and achieving multiple summits in the bodies housing the performance spaces, which spring from the structure like fruits on a vine and face westward, toward the water.� - Zaha Hadid This building is derived from a set of organizational systems and growth in the natural world. It symbolises the movements in an urban fabric along the central axis of the pedestrian corridor and the cultural centre’s
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seafront promenade where it intersects. The design is formed by a biological analogy such as branches, stems, fruits and leaves Which then abstract diagrams into architectonic design. In my opinion, this is a good example in relation to sustainability in architecture. The use of organic structures reminds people to constantly be aware of the environment. Apart from that, Zaha Hadid made it obvious in making the building sustainable in such a way that she uses greeneries that could grow with the building. This then creates a connection to the natural environment. The use of large windows, skylights and voids also allows natural lighting to enter which then saves more electricity on lighting during the day.
The emphasis on the large amount of windows use and the use of large sized window show how modernism is thought through throughout the design process. There are also no ornamentation in this building which shows how modernism comes to play. The sense of clarity and simplicity is one of the main factors in modern architecture. The use of pure concrete and steel throughout the building then dominates the who entire design in its modernism. This building shows how much thought she puts in taking into consideration of the site context. Apart from that she place a lot of thoughts into the landscaping design of this building. I would have to disagree on Fry’s argument on the strict boundary we have on designing when we uses technology to design a building. I believe that the basic use of hand drawing and concepts are very important in the beginning stage of the design process. However the use of technology is also important at the later stage as looking at the design in 3D actually allows students and architects to have a better overview of how the building will look like. In conclusion, the material shows modernism. The use of greenery as well as the visual connection to nature shows how she take into consideration of the relationship between humans and nature.
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The use of massive timber structures touches on how conservative they are in the choice of material. No doubt that the architect could’ve used a better choice of material however the thought of using timber shows the sustainability of the structure. It has a unique role in which it is an urban space within the dense fabric of the medieval inner city of Seville. It allows variety of activities such as memory, leisure and commerce. This is a highly developed infrastructure which helps to activate the square. It is definitely an attractive destination for tourist as well as the locals. In my opinion, this is a good example in relation to sustainability in architecture. The use of massive timber instead of a typical steel or concrete structure. The form as well as the design also allows wind and natural lighting to go through to the pedestrian walkway of the structure.
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Readings We learn about digital computational design as computerisation design.
architecture, well as
Algorithmic To explore the use of rhino and grasshopper using different elements such as piping.
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Design computation is basically how you bring ideas into reality which in this case is very important in our everyday life. In design computation, you learn to conceptualise, problem solving and judge on various solution. It is easier to put our ideas into computers. It is also easier to spot any mistakes in our computing as there are certain things that the computer are not designed to do. There are limits whereby some softwares are unable to design in the way you want it be when you have the image in your mind. It is particularly obvious that computing is inflexible. Architecture became a profession when Leon Batista Alberti introduce the technical utilitarianism on gothic architecture. This then leads to the renaissance holistic approach whereby architects came out with a floor plan, elevation, section, technical drawings, scale drawing, modelling as well as details. Architecture is known as a profession than a craft. However, practitioners are well respected in the society. Problem analysis, solution synthesise, evaluation and communication are the four factors that are important to the design process of a successful architectural building. Concepts are the basic need in the process of this design. Computing affect the design process as there are certain errors that humans might not have pick up but it is easily detected by the system. Our design could look logical on a piece of paper but it might not be on a computer screen. An architect’s innovation and design ideas do not get affected if they use the traditional way of designing which is by paper and pen. Computation will only be beneficial when one has to have a logical explanation on how the building works. In conclusion, computation is the process where the design is already done before it is translated digitally. Computerisation is a process where digital technology is used from the start of the project.
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This is one of the computerised representation techniques that expresses and architectonic ideas. Victor’s main aim to provide this world with something fresh and distinct. His designs do not entirely have to be funny or crazy but just different. His beliefs in the power of creativity in people are the basis of his life choices reminding them that this world can be formulated a thousand times in a single day. This idea is a computerization process as Victor has an idea, concepts, design intentions as well as sketches of how he toggle with a particular building. Which then leads to the computing part whereby he use softwares to digitalised it and also to show how it would actually look like in 3D.
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In my opinion, his works are very impressive in terms of how he manage to create the 3D model with his initial design intent. It is interesting that he does it only to prove his concepts and ideas.
The design of the building is to have a large complex with different functions and circulations with an extreme lowrise typology. Apart from that, they are trying to re-address Chinese architectural traditions. The use of contemporary and advance structural as well as the material envisioned the Chinese sensibility into a technology computerised design and construction process. This idea is a computational process due to the process of work that they did. They have their concepts and design intentions ready for a design. They automatically use a software computing to create a form based on the site context. In my onion, it is interesting how they design a building in such a way that they decided to create a modern building which includes a traditional Chinese architectural design. The use of the materials are also part of modernism.
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Readings We learn about the difference between composition and generation. Algorithmic To explore the use of rhino and grasshopper using different elements such as sphering different sizes on a similar curvature.
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Composition is the process of designing is controlled by the designer when a design is generated in the software. Generation is the process of designing whereby the data is place in the software and a design is generated based on the data provided. Algorithm is a set of rules for solving a problem in a finite number of steps, as for finding the greatest common divisor. Projects with composition are generally control due to the façade or because the designer want to create a specific modular. When the data is generated on a software, the design achieved would be an algorithmic design that is duplicated geometrically. The problem with this form is that you’re limited in your design possibilities. Computerisation utilised computers to the document the design process while computation generates ideas through a software technology. The generation of computational ideas have emerge in the form of algorithms, parametric modelling and scripting. I believe computation is very useful when handling a project like our design competition.
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This wall was designed with a modernism concept in mind. The form of the angled panel structure was designed to create a more dynamic sculpture than a conventional wall with the intention of separating the spaces. Apart from that, they made it interactive by creating a seating structure. This wall has been a consistent expressive element within the history of gardening which then turn into a computational design. It is a great example as this algorithmic duplication is controlled panel by panel to create a connected overall landscape. This show how the designer control the algorithmic element in the design.
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Michael Hansmeyer is an architect who explore the use of algorithms and computation to generate architectural structures. He has created an algorithm that explores how subdivision can define and embellish the column order with an elaborate system of ornamentation. This is one of the examples of generation processes. The use of a software to generate a particular algorithm in the design. It is interesting how every column is design in a way that it turns out different due to the data inserted in the programing. In my opinion, these columns create a very interesting faรงade however many students, as assumed, are very particular about modernism in a building. However I still find that the columns hold a beautiful ornament around them.
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Architecture has no specific meaning or terms for it. It has a very wide discipline that it could be described as anything as architects learn everything including structural engineering studies, geotechnical surveyor, quantity surveyor and many more. Just like the terms sustainability, computation, computerisation, composition, generation, algorithmic and many more. All of the words above has their own meaning to it thus it is interesting that students could differentiate what is the difference between all of the terms above. It is particularly obvious when one building is design in a certain way after learning the different types of terms and technology used. The main research for Land Art Generator competition was to focus on the wave, wind and human activation.
The above image is how we use the movement of the wave to collect energy which would then be reused in the future. With this capability, it is interesting if it could be used by humans as well instead of just a technology that generate energy. The idea was to have a similar idea but to have a more stable and firm platform that allows human to walk on it. When we create an interactive element, more human will walk on it which then allows more movement. Thus, we do not need to expect the energy collection from the waves alone. The image on the left is another idea of how wind could be part of the technology that collects energy. The device does not necessarily be of the same design as shown.
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In architectural design studio modules, I learn many more things as all the tasks and assignments were the things that I’ve never learn previously. This is the first time I am using Rhino and Grasshopper software. I have learn so much thanks to the tutors that guide me step by step every week. I didn’t expect myself to learn so much. During my time in polytechnic, architectural design studio is an individual project that we design with a specific design brief and location. While I am in University of Melbourne, I definitely have a shock at how different it would be. The readings are very interesting as it is something that I have never think the terms existed. It is rather heavy in terms of the readings, algorithmic task as well as the competition occurring at the same time. Although, I believe this would be expected as we are in a tertiary education stage. Initially, I could not differentiate computerisation, computation, composition and generation. However after discussing with the tutors on the topics above, it is pretty much cleared up.
Finally, currently I know how to use a bit of rhino and grasshopper and how to make the basic shapes and elements. This is useful in the near future when our design has an algorithmic element in them.
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To draw the first curve and connect the curve to grasshopper.
To draw the second curve beside the first curve. Connect the curve to grasshopper.
To draw the third curve beside the second curve. Connect the curve to grasshopper.
Loft all three curves via grasshopper.
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Array all the lofted curves.
Grasshopper.
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Draw three circles flat on the X-plane. Drag two of the circles above each other. Draw two curves inside all the circles. Connect the circles and curves on grasshopper.
Loft the circles together. Split one of the internal curve into segments.
Pipe the segments on the lofted circles.
Do the same for the second internal curve.
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Final product of the algorithmic task
Grasshopper.
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Draw a curve. Array Pollar to create a 360degree circle w the curve. Divide the line into segments.
Place spheres segments
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on
the
Change spheres biggest to smallest.
from
Grasshopper.
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“Zaha Hadid in Abu Dhabi Update”, De Zeen Magazine http://www.dezeen.com/2007/02/02/zaha-hadid-in-abu-dhabi-update/ [accessed 25 March 2014] “Saadiyat in Abu Dhabi: artistic oasis takes shape amid the dunes”, The Telegraph <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/architecture/6055432/Saadiyat-inAbu-Dhabi-artistic-oasis-takes-shape-amid-the-dunes.html> [accessed 25 March 2014]
“Nabileh El-Assaad Design Representation Studio”, Blogspot <http://nabileharch1390-2012.blogspot.com.au/> [accessed 25 March 2014] “Metropol Parasol by J. Mayer H.”, De Zeen Magazine http://www.dezeen.com/2011/04/26/metropol-parasol-by-j-mayer-h/ [accessed 25 March 2014] “Gallery: Metropol Parasol: The World’s Largest Wooden Structure Opens in Seville”, Inhabitat <http://inhabitat.com/metropol-parasol-the-worlds-largestwooden-structure-opens-in-seville/metropolparasolalda/> [accessed 26 March] “Metropol Parasol”, J.Mayer.H < http://www.jmayerh.de/19-0-MetropolParasol.html> [accessed 26 March] “Victor Enrich Designs Surreal Images of Architecture”, This That New <http://www.thisthatnew.com/victor-enrich-designs-surreal-images-ofarchitecture/> [accessed 26 March 2014] “Project: Xiyuan Entertainment Complex”, Marjan Colletti <http://marjancolletti.blogspot.com.au/2009/11/project-xiyuan-entertainment-complex.html> [26 March 2014] “Surface Deep A Indoor Installation as a Transformative Wall”, Evolo http://www.evolo.us/architecture/surface-deep-an-outdoor-installation-as-atransformative-wall/ [27 March 2014]
“Complex Cardboard Columns Through Computational Architecture”, Strictly Paper http://strictlypaper.com/blog/2011/04/complex-cardboard-columnsthrough-computational-architecture/ [accessed 27 March]
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Readings Algorithmic thinking in parametric modelling. Algorithmic The basic objective of this exercise is to make a parametric model.
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Human activated by having a walking pathway and a modular system that could cater to human movement. The modular system needs to have the ability to allow wave to flow through at the same time creating a joint that allows human to move without falling off the movable platform.
Human activated by an interactive system whereby the square plates could go up and down as shown on the above picture on the left. The idea is to create movement that could save wave energy. The picture shown on the right has a similar approach but it moves left and right depending on where human stands. Apart from that, the vertical frame around the platform, it creates an interesting outcome whereby it reflects the human form.
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Wave energy need to be collected via the movement of the waves. It also have to be floated on top of the water to incorporate human movements as well. Taking into considerations of the highest and lowest water differences throughout the year.
Wind energy needs to be incorporated in the building. Our design intention is to create a panelling system in which there are few sides that will have these features due to the wind direction.
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Definition of Tessellation is a flat surface is the tiling of a plane using one or more geometric shapes(tiles), no overlaps, no gaps, repeated pattern.
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Form of the installation: Computational hanging chain models to refine and adjust the profile lines Form
finding
programs
Design Intention: The amount the petal dishes, and its size (the petal shrinks in plan) has a unique geometry that needed to be calibrated to fit into the overall form. Each cell behaves in a slightly different manner based on its size, edge conditions, and position relative to the overall form
Towards the base and edges: less offset, flatter where they gain density and connect to purely triangulated cells. On the interior and the top: greater offset, and more curvature to create the dimpled effect. Construction: Use Rhinoscript to instantiate each of the 2,300 petals Digitally modelled the three dimensional petal geometries Unfold each petal for laser cutting Finally, the petals are reconstituted by folding along the curved score lines, and simply zip tied together.
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FORM The development of dynamic architectural concepts, digital tools as Grasshopper for Rhino and RhinoScripting, the utilization of sensor technology and dynamic light control in the software, and to work with digital technologies and interactive urban environments on a conceptual level. INSPIRATION The concept mainly focused on drawing attention from the unsafe park, and ensuring the feeling of a safer environment for the visitors.
Developed advanced spatial systems for organizing and articulating new social complexities, and at utilizing and adapting different advanced digital design methods for exploring various principles of form generation and advanced production.
CONSTRUCTION The surface is then dissected into 32 vertical and 4 horizontal struts by using Grasshopper to define a structural waffle-system. The system allowed us to connect the different struts, by merely sliding them into each other – the size of the gaps in the struts and the character of the MDF, meant that they interlocked and were kept fixed. With the CNC-milling machines’ material dimension limitations of 2,4×1,2 meters, and with some of the struts reaching lengths of 6,5 meters – the individual struts had to be dissected into shorter fragments. A puzzle-joint made in Grasshopper was inserted between these fragments. To ensure static stability, metal-plates were bolted and screwed around the joint itself.
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Basic form
Basic form
Divided equally
Waffle structure
Interlocked
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Interlocked
Panels
Panels
Rotation of panels
Rotation of panels
The first few steps of getting a form is to design a curve from rhino. While using grasshopper, the drawn curve into a curve component. The curve would then need to be lofted. The surface then needs to be divided to create a waffle system. Then interlocked the model horizontally and vertically. Inserting of panelling then begin. To split the square into pieces. Using the number slide to rotate and toggle the direction to create a rotating panel.
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DESIGN CRITERIA:
1. Safety for viewing public and for educational activities that may occur on site
2. Constructible, Manipulatable, Changeable (with different combination using the basic principles) and expandable (can be unrolled and incorporate preferences materials) OR Abides by basic tessellation principles
3. able to Integrate a renewable energy technology (wave, tidal and wind, filter for water)â&#x2020;&#x2019;thickness of small components AND ability to Collect and continuously distribute clean energy to a grid connection point to be supplied by the city
4. Walkable with opening on top AND Aesthetically Pleasing: eye catching, visually interesting
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The use of only square grids do not allow movement diagonally thus we created a triangular grid to allow better movement. Create panelling that could create and up and down motion when someone walk on it. This is to create a system that could be used for wave energy collection as well as to create an interactive space for humans. This panel could also be used for education purposes in terms of how this system has multiple use. Taking into consideration of the material and density of the product. This system needs to be able to stay on top of the water.
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From the matrices that we have created, it has more irregular pattern on the design thus we decide to create a trapezium shape to see if it is working similarly to the previous design.
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This is an interlocking joint between two floor panel. It has to be able to piece with each other perfectly. Once it is piece together, it needs to be able to stay connected thus the use of a horizontal join through the interlocking system. The horizontal join then needs to be extended over to a central circular piece that would keep it connected to other horizontal pieces. The overall picture of how this panel would work as a whole. The interlocking joints would need to be connected to the central circular piece (in dotted) to prevent the other joints from getting disconnected and break apart.
This is how the central circular piece suppose to be connected between the floor panel as well as the sea bed. There needs to be a spring connected underneath the floor panel to create up and down movement throughout the human activated floor panels. This would then allow movement on the wave underneath the floor panel.
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3D prototype of the central connection. Spring included to provide the control movement of the floor panels.
Connection of all the floor panel joins. Interlocking joints as well as central joint to connect to the circular central joins.
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Tilting
Test: â&#x20AC;˘ Model incapable of standing without tilting to the side â&#x20AC;˘ Top fins are too big which cause main structure to tilt
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Not as strong
Test: • Unable to withstand extra weight on it – still tilting • Top fins are too big which cause main structure to tilt Adding more vertical support to make it stronger
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Cross Rib
Test: • Unable to withstand extra weight on it – still tilting • Cross rib bracing works better than without cross rib
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Bending (not strong to hold the structure)
T column used for better support
Lap joint is described as a complex family of connections that extend the apparent length of the connected timbers. Lap joint overlaps halved members with transverse connectors transferring the tension force in one member to the next, through single shear forces. The available strength of these simple lap joints is immutably limited to less than half the gross tension capacity of the members. The net section of the lapped portion is only half of the gross.
Joint 01
Joint 02
Joint 03
Lap joint will be used in the final form of the model. Due to the curve structure that we are making, each lap joint differs from the rest to create a curve structure.
Timber is made from carbon to convert the wood into trees which then reduce the amount of greenhouse effect in the structure. It is a natural insulator and can reduce energy needs.
Timber material will be used in the final structure form as it is natural. It is safe to handle and touch, it does not break down into environmentally damaging materials.
Timber is versatile and can be used in a wide variety of ways. Being light, it is easily installed and can be worked with simple equipment.
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Since we are having element that forms that is transitioning from rectangle to square to triangle, we are planning to create a wind panel that allows the center piece to rotate according to the wind. It will be situated only at certain portion of the structure. The material of the triangular frame would be made of timber to blend in with the other material of the form. However the turning blade would be made of thin white lightweight steel material to blend in with the structural framing.
Steel is inorganic whereby it will not rot, split or crack. This is a good quality as the wind turbine is going to be moving most of the time. Durability is key. Apart from that, it is easily disassembled for repairs, alterations or relocation. This is also a good advantage point, should there be a need to change if it is broken. Steel is also 100% recyclable to touch on sustainability in the building. Steel also slows down the aging process with less maintenance.
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Negative space can be converted into shelter if flip over
Potential for morphing on a surface for collecting wind energy
Bigger scale: Ability to make the walkable space more interesting with slopes Smaller scale: Module with space for support
Has ability to extend further down for collecting wave energy
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CONNECTIVITY = TRANSITION Overlapping of panels for structural system
Has an ability to incorporate wind energy generating devices.
CHANGE OF DENSITY
LAND
Potential for space frame structure and tesselated pattern for human activated walkway
SEA
MOVEMENT
Overlapping of panels for structural system
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• • •
Movement (continuous flow) Transition (land to water, urban to landscape, dense to less dense) Connectivity between elements
SUN
Sun rise from the North-East and sets in the North-West. SITE
Wind direction generally flow mostly from the South-West to the North West. Highest sea level would be an increase of 0.1 and the lowest sea level could a decrease of 0.1.
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Building Site (m2)
Maximum Building Volume (m3)
Perpendicular & Longitudinal Pedestrian Circulation
Maximum Building Height (Distance x 0.8m2)
Maximum Building Height (m)
Longest Shadow Casting at 06:30am, 14th August
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Density of form throughout the site
The density throughout the site needs to have a transition between the land and the water. Thus, following the movement of the surrounding, the density changed from less dense to more dense flowing from land to water. Human activated mechanism that allows the movement to collect wave energy. The system has the ability to move up and down in response to where someone steps. This triangular shape would be at a taller height to incorporate wind energy saving device. This would be one of the structural frame that would hold the structure up.
This is a rough sketch of how our wind energy saving device going to look like. It is basically connected to a main structure frame as shown in the above image.
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This is the rough sketch of how our structure would look like. An opening to cater for the taxi terminal. At the opposite side of the form also has an opening that cater for future use of boat parking. This form is designed in such a way that it does not have to be demolished due to future changes such as the boat parking.
This form shows the density changes from the right to the left. The main reason why the left structure opens up and has a higher height because we are opening the view to the mermaid structure at the other side of the river. This caters for students and visitors for education purposes. Apart from that, we could input the wind panelling system as the wind flows from South-West to North-East. This form has a high advantage of developing to its site context. However, after the presentation with tutors feedback, we realised that this form is too massive and heavy when you were to put it on site. Thus, we take into consideration of the shadow casted by the surrounding buildings as we plan to create a siting place throughout the form. We also decided to tone down the amount of elevated form to minimize the density of the form. We also decided to create an adventurous journey whereby the users could not see the mermaid when they first enter the form. They could only view the surroundings until they reach the last point where it is the view of the mermaid. This journey is a good educational purpose as they explore the surrounding and the main focal attraction. We also want to implement seating areas facing the mermaid to maximise the time spent viewing the mermaid.
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The form do not look as massive as it is previously on the site. We tend to control the area on the site depending on the site response that we have gathered. It shows the density changes throughout the site from the surrounding building and towards the water. The form changes from a very organized rectangular panel to an irregular triangular panel as it moves the transition moves toward the water.
The form does not overlaps with the shadow as the form that we are building is suppose to be very interactive with the users. Denmark weather throughout the year is constantly cold. The highest temperature throughout the year is 22degrees. It is particularly logical to create a seating area that is open to the sky. The sun would heat up oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s body despite of the cold temperature.
B A
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A: Human activated walkway panel B: Wind energy generating mechanism
This is one of the openings from the structural element. This opening caters for the taxi terminal that is existing on the site. There are openings on the structural element to allow sunlight to pass through that brightens up the space. It is supposed to heat up the space with the heat from the sun. In this structure, small openings and gaps are being implemented such as slit of openings. This contributes to the element of surprise in the architectural journey.
This is another opening that caters for people who would park their boat. Apart from that reason, the opening is created here due to the expected pedestrian flow within the site. It is also due to the wind. This part needs to be open to allow wind to flow through from the South-West direction.
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Draw 3 curves
Loft all 3 lines together on grasshopper
Insert Surface frame on the curve lines
Insert cone surface frame
into
the
Insert pipe onto each end of the cone
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Bake (Side View)
Bake (Top View)
Grasshopper
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Draw 2 curves
Divide pieces
both lines into
Insert Point Charge
Divide more points on the curve
Insert Field Line
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Insert Sphere onto divided points
Grasshopper.
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Draw 3 curves
Divide lines into segments
Join all curves
Loft the surface
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Bake from grasshopper
Grasshopper
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“Art615, A Pavilion by Aalborg University Students”, arch daily http://www.archdaily.com/59960/art615-a-pavilion-by-aalborg-universitystudents/ [accessed 09 April 2014] “Art615 Project [GH3D]” Design Playgrounds http://designplaygrounds.com/deviants/art615-project-gh3d/ [accessed 09 April 2014] “Soil Sketches” Cantoni Crescenti http://www.cantoni-crescenti.com.br/soilsketches/ [accessed 02 May 2014] “Federal Highway Administration” Connections http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/structures/0409 8/14.cfm [accessed 03 May 2014] “When Infinity comes to Life” The Creators Project http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hUbweJG68SI&feature=youtu.be [accessed 28 April 2014] “Tasmanian Timber” http://www.tastimber.tas.gov.au/SusArticle_View.aspx?articleid=71 [accessed 02 May 2014] “Building with Steel the Better Builder” 4-Point Construction http://www.4point.com/Advantages.htm [accessed 03 May 2014]
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Further Development:
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We took inspiration from the Spanish pavilionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s form to be implied in our design. We believe that Spanish pavilion has an interesting curve form that could be as of use in our groupsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; design. We were planning to create a curve form that would allow wind to flow through a tunnelling channel. Since we are focusing on implanting collecting wind energy device, we plan to create a tunnelling system to allow wind to flow in and as the space gets smaller, the wind going into the space would travel faster. At the end of the space, we would then input the wind rotating device to increase the rotation.
Wind
Wind Rotating Device Tunnelling System Idea
We also took into consideration of the connections of the panelling system in the project. However it is a little too massive to create a structural for every connection thus we make it a little smaller for our panelling joint to focus more on the panels instead of the joints.
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The material from Spanish pavilion give us the inspiration to use wooden material in our design. In this case, it is appropriate to use this material due to the structural system that is supporting it. It is a little different in our groups project due to the support system in our design. We plan to use a more solid and thicker material to support the whole design. The panel needs to be strong enough to hold the weight of people thus, it needs to be thick and structurally stable. At the same time it shouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t look massive overall.
SITE
Wind
The wind would flow from the South-West to the North-East direction. The tunnelling system would allow wind to move faster as it gets narrower at the end of the tunnel. It works like a filter.
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Wind
The form changes a little to suit the needs of the wind channelling system in the building. As shown in the above picture, the wind direction would flow from the South-West to the North-East direction. We created bigger openings on the South-West to allow wind to flow through it. On the North-East portion of the form, the opening is smaller due to the tapered design to allow wind to travel faster as the opening gets smaller. At the side panels of the North-East structure we are implementing the wind rotating device to collect energy.
Wind Exit
The diagram on the left shows the opening on the North-West whereby the wind would exit through. On some parts of the flat surfaces there are wind rotating device that works due to the maximum filter through the site. We are planning to implement about 100panels for wind energy collection.
This is because some parts of the panels will be used for walking. At certain places where the panels are too steep for humans to walk on, it would be used for wind generating device. It is important that the structure is also used for educational purposes. It is better to let people walk on top of the structure as it gives better view of the surrounding(mermaid) also allow people to sit and enjoy siting by the water.
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Proposed Wind Panel Here
Wind Exit
One of our proposed wind panel would be installed as stated on the image above. The reason for this is because there are too many gaps between each panel that there might not be anyone walking over on top of the structure due to the distance of each panel. It would also be safer to place it over at areas that we could confirm users would not walk over. The wind would exit as shown above and by the time it reaches at this point, the amount of wind channelled would travel faster than the original speed when it enters. Apart from the wind channelling design, we also change a little on the wave panel connections as well as the connection between each panels of the structure. As a group we did think about how do we resolve the connections between the different elements throughout the site.
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We wanted to create a panel that is overlapping each other but at the same time try to hide the joint details. This is rather important as users will be walking over on the panel and could be siting on the panels. Thus it is very important to take into consideration of the userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s safety. Despite the intention of hiding the architecture joint details, we realised that it would be more aesthetically pleasing if it were to be designed in this way.
We realised that the connections between each panels are not perfectly overlapping each other. They are overlapping at every ž panel from the next panel. As shown on the left hand side, that is how it is going to look like the whole structural panel.
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The first prototype is unsuccessful as the joint move only one direction. It is unable to move in two direction due to the lack of tolerance in the design.
The second prototype has the ability and flexibility to move in two directions. Also taking into consideration of the angle it turns, there are plates to control the rotation in both directions.
The sectional diagram shows how the panel could move in both direction. In Section A-A, gaps are made on the exterior to allow movement. The interior core is designed in a way that the connection is controlled to the degree of angle. In Section B-B, the circular piece at the center is the part where all the intersection joints meet which allows it to move up and down. The diagram on the left shows how the panel could rotate according to the humans movements.
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This section shows the connection between the ground and the structure overlapping panels.
Connection joint between two structure panel. Only places on one side as it does not overlap 100% perfectly. The overlapping of the panel is only about 40% of the whole panel. Bolt connected from the plate to the ground to prevent the whole structure to fall towards the tilted angle. Flat piece of timber connected to the ground as well as the structure panel. This helps the panel to stand to a certain angle. It is uncertain if the ground soil if it is strong to hold the panel directly. Thus this is the reason why we need the center piece to connect the two Panel is slanted to one side to help in the curvature of the design. Angle plate fixe at the interior side of the panel structure to help in the aesthetic look of whole design. Bolt connected through the structure panel to the angle plate to secure the angle plate from sliding away.
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This section shows the connection between structure panel and the wave panels. In this section, it also shows how the wave panel connect to the seabed.
Plan
Section B-B
The plan shows the few pieces of wave panels and the structural panels. The section shows the different heights material (water/soil) in relation to the proposed design. Structure panel on the ground Angle plate connected between the structural panel and wave panel. All angle plates are customised
Angle plate that sits on the ground connecting wave panel and the structural panel Spring on top of column to allow up and down movement. Long and thick column connected between the wave panel to the seabed. L-Plate angle to connect between the column and the seabed.
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Fabrication Process: The structural panels are mostly the same size which could help in the prefabrication process before moving the materials into the site for installation. However, it is time consuming to connect individual panels on site. I would recommend a prefabrication process of a modular system for the panels.
Site Works: For the wave panels, it might be hard to piece all together with the vertical columns. All columns need to be installed to the seabed so that it could support all the wave panels. In my opinion, it might work better if we install a little floating system in the panels to prevent it from going down into the water should there be any error in the construction. Transport Descriptions: It is rather hard to use any large and heavy machinery on site due to the land space constraint. It would be better if a lorry were able to carry the modular panels and to be installed on site. Assembly Instructions: It would be easier to build the wave panel first due to the site. Starting from the furthest away from the entrance so that workers do not have to go back to the furthest and realised the building is in the way that then causes an obstruction. Finishes: We are using timber as they are sustainable and has a lot of advantage as mentioned on Part B. Steel would only be used as small connections such as bolts and nuts.
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Wave Panel
Plan
Gap that allows movement
Spring that allows movement
Gap that controls the up and down movement
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Rod that controls the up and down movement
As shown in the section A, the dark grey would be joint with the left hand panel. The right hand panel would have the zigzag element to control the maximum movement going up and down. In section B, in the spring at the bottom, there would be a rod installed inside that also behaves the same way which is to control the up and down movement.
Wave Panel
Plan
Angle Plate Nail Connected from angle plate to structural panel
Spring
Rod Connection from wave panel to seabed
WATER
GROUND
Angle Plate
This shows how the connection works between the water and land. In my opinion the thickness of the rod would change based on the depth of the sea.
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Structural Panel
It would be hard to install on site due to the customised panel for each and everyone.
Angle plate flushed from To save cost in one end to another. construction, provide aesthetical element on the panels. Only maximise to 4 angle plate on each structural panel.
Hybrid of process model 01 and process model 03. Wave panel
Due to the handmade model, the model has large tolerances to allow movements.
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Flexible movement is not Designed in such a way happening in the model. that it allows movements in two direction.
Hand Made Wave Panel
Laser Cut of Wave Panel 01
Laser Cut of Wave Panel 02
Laser Cut of Structural Panel - Wave Panel - Sea Bed Connection
Laser Cut of Structural Panel â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Ground Connection
3D Printing of Whole Model.
Site Model.
Whole Model.
There are a lot of models on the Wave connections as we are focusing on solving the connection of the wave as it covers about 40% of the whole site. It is also one of the element that collects energy. In the initial state of the laser cutting, some panels could not join together thus it have to be cut manually. There are a lot of complications while printing the model via 3D Printing due to the size as well as the shape but it turns out alright after a few tries.
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We decided to use this panelling system in our project. It is somehow more interesting and has more variation to create more spice up on the creativity.
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Final wave model chosen based on their positive outcome; allow two directional movement.
We do not have wind device final model as we are focusing more on the wave and the structural panel connections. We did have a mock up model in Part B however, we changed a little to suit the shape and size of the structural panel.
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The main key concept would be flux, which means movement. Main intention was to create a transition according to the site context. The final form derives from the site response that we have gathered through thorough analysis. Strategies
The transition of the form changes from an orderly manner to a disorderly manner as it gets closer to the harbour. This would be due to the amount of movement created by the land and the water. There are more movement generated by the water than the flat land thus, the form changes accordingly. Such dissolution of grid is also the main intention of our design: re-establish the linkage between our site and the little mermaid statue. In addition, peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s safety for public viewing of education purposes was taken into consideration. The main idea was of course to integrate renewable energy technology. There are three energy generating device that we focuses on; wave energy, wind energy as well as human interactions. Wave Energy Taking advantage of the site surroundings, we are incorporating wave generating device that collects energy through human movement. The panel would move up and down according to human movement as well as wave movement. There would be an interlocking connection between two panels that allow movement. At each main intersection of triangles, there would be a circular point that keeps the connection together. This would then allow a connection from the walking panel to the sea bed. Spring would be integrated in the design to allow an up and down movement. The bottom portion of the panel has a tiny slit that allows wave to flow through it according to the human movement. As the water flow through the slit, energy would then be generated and collected.
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Wind Energy There are certain parts of the site that has tremendous amount of wind. Wind travels from the South-West to the North-East direction which has a great advantage to place a wind tunnel in the form which allows wind to travel faster in a more tight space. At the end of the wind tunnel, there are winds generating elements for energy collection. Human Interaction It is important to incorporate human interaction to the designed form as involvement of public is also a focus of sustainability. It is rather important to allow connection between the two; in this case, the structure was designed in such a way that allows users to stand on top of the structure to maximise their views on the mermaid on the opposite side. This touches on the educational experience given to students. The wave interactive panel also allow a lot of interaction with users and educational experience on the energy saving devices. Materials Timber material will be used in the final structure form as it is natural. It is safe to handle and touch, it does not break down into environmentally damaging materials. Timber is made from carbon to convert the wood into trees which then reduce the amount of greenhouse effect in the structure. It is a natural insulator and can reduce energy needs. Timber is versatile and can be used in a wide variety of ways. Being light, it is easily installed and can be worked with simple equipment. As the material for the wind panel, steel our finalised material choice. Steel is inorganic whereby it will not rot, split or crack. This is a good quality as the wind turbine is going to be moving most of the time. Durability is key. Apart from that, it is easily disassembled for repairs, alterations or relocation. This is also a good advantage point, should there be a need to change if it is broken. Steel is also 100% recyclable to touch on sustainability in the building. Steel also slows down the aging process with less maintenance.
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Estimation of Energy Generation Wave Power in ocean waves: P = 0.57*(Hs)^2*Tp =0.57 x1 x2 x5 =5.7kw/h =342kw =342000w E(kWh/day) = P(W) × t(h/day) / 1000(W/kW) =342000 x24 /1000 =8208kw/day =2, 757, 888kw/year =27, 578 lightbulbs/year Wind P
= ½ p A V3 Cp = ½ x1.23 x1.0 x 24 x0.5 =7.38MW(1 panel) =738MW(100 panel) =738, 000KW =7380 lightbulbs/year
Total: 27, 578 + 7380 = 34, 958 Light bulbs/year = 104 light bulbs/day Human activated energy : The energy generated is yet to be studied but this proposal can act as a ground for future research.
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Purpose and Need of the Proposed Action The installation is designed for the purpose of generating renewable energy through interactive panels floating on top of the water and the wind energy devices installed. It also created a recreational space for the visitors as well as indoor waiting area for water taxi. The paragraph below would illustrate and analyse how the surrounding environment and cultural sites is affected. Affected Environment The impact to threatened endangered species, air as well as the water quality would need to be taken into consideration. Also, the impact to historic and cultural sites as well as the social and economic impact to local communities, aesthetic and noise impact would be considered. Analysis of environmental impact
â&#x20AC;§Air and water quality impact There is green vegetation planted on top of the installation. With the aid of plants, the process of phytoremediation helps remove environmental airborne toxins. The quality of water in front of the site could possibly be managed and improved due to the interactive panels installed. The waterfront area becomes a managed and controlled area. The paved surface will be kept clean.
â&#x20AC;§Social and economic impact to local communities The installation could form a gathering place for people. The plants and seating form an outdoor garden and the shaded area becomes a place for community purpose. A place is also reserved as water taxi waiting area. It could be a first stop for tourists and local visitors.
â&#x20AC;§Impact to aesthetic and noise Although the installation formed a kind of big structure, the height of the installation is kept below the height of surrounding buildings to avoid adverse visual impact on environment. Timber is used as the materials of panels which could avoid the reflection of sunlight on surrounding buildings. However, there may be noise produced by visitors and the wind turbines.
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The one main thing that we have to change would be one of the joints between the structural panel connection. We were advised to thicken the joint as well as make it more angular. We changed the connections to make It more structurally stable when it is thicker. it also looks securely connected to each other. The bolts are not shown in the model as it is too small to connect the bolts in. the bolts would be connected from the angle plate to the structural panel. As shown on the pictures, the connections between each panels is more Process Model Making Stable as compared to other prototypes that we made. However after making the new prototype, I realised that it could be further developed. With the angle plate between the panels, it shows that it would be one of the main factor that would disallow people to sit on it freely and comfortably. Since we are planning to make it usable on the exterior, it would be better if we could prevent having an angle plate over on the top side of the panel to give a better aesthetics as well as for users to feel like the connected portions are not in their way of making themselves comfortable siting on the panels. As shown in the drawing on the left, the nails needs will be fixed as shown.
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This was our chosen material for the final presentation. The purple and red portion would be made out of timber due to the advantages that were mentioned in Part B. The green portion would be made out of timber and steel for the rotating panel. With this, the critique panel mentioned that it would be more interesting if it were to be made out of similar materials and as it blends with the wave elements, it would change its material nicely. This is because we are focusing more on the wave panelling system rather than the wind. I agree with this comment and feedback as it would look odd when some parts of it are randomly changed in term of material. I agree that it would be better if the materials are changed in transition to the elements cater for specific use. I would still use timber as the main structural element throughout the site but as it blends to the wave panelling, it would be best if we were to use Cenocell material. Cenocell material looks like concrete but it is made of leftovers from coal burning. It offers attributes that include high strength and lightweight without the use of cement. Because it would be used on top of the water, lightweight material would be an advantage.
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In my opinion, with this type of system, waffle system, it is more stable and support all the panels. Taking into consideration of how the Spanish pavilion works, we are taking inspiration from that project. It is interesting how it is difficult to 3D print the model that we have previously. With that, I realised that it might also be a problem to construct in real life. In my opinion, with the joint that we have improved, it could or could not work as a whole but with this prototype, I realised that with this framing system, it does work as how we want it to and overlaps the certain way that we want them to.
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“Spanish Pavilion at Shanghai Expo 2010 by EMBT”, De Zeen Magazine http://www.dezeen.com/2010/04/26/spanish-pavilion-at-shanghai-expo-2010-byembt/ [Accessed 25th May 2014] “Wind Energy Math Calculations, Measuring the Sweot Area of your Wind Turbine”, Minnesota Municipal Power Agency http://www.mmpa.org/Uploaded_Files/ab/ab5c7c5c-79d9-48bd-b64d833001b7e230.pdf [Accessed 27th May 2014] “Understanding Coefficient of Power(Cp) and Betz Limit”, Kid Wind Project http://learn.kidwind.org/sites/default/files/betz_limit_0.pdf [Accessed 27th May 2014] “Energy Content”, Dexawave http://www.dexawave.com/energy-content.html [Accessed 27th May 2014] “Energy Consumption Calculator”, Rapid Tables http://www.rapidtables.com/calc/electric/energy-consumption-calculator.htm [Accessed 27th May 2014] “Strong, Lightweight Green Material Could Replaced Concrete, But Contain No Cement”, Phys Org http://phys.org/news146851488.html [Accessed 07th June 2014]
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