Compiled by : Manish Jain Gr. Floor , Ashoka apartment Bhawani Singh Road C-scheme , Jaipur -302001 Rajasthan ( INDIA) Ph. 91-0141-2743536 , 91-9829063132 Email: fdarchitect@gmail.com Web : www.frontdesk.co.in
Construction Material Paint & polish
WALL / WOOD FINISHING ď Ž Among the factors that will influence the
selection on types of finishing are as follows: a) Price b) Sound insulator, heat insulator c) Attractive / beautiful or not d) Durable / long lasting e) Resistant to chemical reaction
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
TYPES OF WALL / WOOD FINISHING Paint Wood Finishes Plastering Wall Paper Wood panel Stone, marble, tile
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
PAINT Can be used for material made of wood,
steel, concrete and bricks. Function of paint is a) to protect the material from weathering, oxidation process and damages by insects. b) to improve the beauty of the material c) to facilitate the cleaning process of the surface Major paint companies are : ASIAN PAINT , NEROLAC , BERGER ,ICI http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
TYPE OF PAINT
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Distemper
This is perhaps the most economical type of painting available in the Indian market today. It can be classified as a "Whitewash" job. The major constituents of distemper are chalk, lime, water and some coloring agents if necessary. Distemper is a water based paint.
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Emulsions An emulsion is a liquid having fine suspended particles. It is commonly known as plastic paint. This is water based and provides a rich and Matt finish to interior walls. The differentiating factor of emulsion paints is its acrylic quality. Its composition imparts excellent durability to the painted surface and gives the walls a just painted look. It washable and most stains can be removed easily by wiping with a cloth dipped in a mild soap solution. The paint film is also fungus and mildew resistant. Covering capacity on new surface per coat is Exterior
5.5 to 6 m2 / litre
Interior
17 m2 / litre
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
ENAMEL PAINT Enamel paint is paint that air dries to a hard, usually glossy, finish, used for coating surfaces that are outdoors or otherwise subject to hard wear or variations in temperature Typically the term "enamel paint" is used to describe oil-based covering products, usually with a significant amount of gloss in them, however recently many latex or water-based paints have adopted the term as well. The term today means "hard surfaced paint" and usually is in reference to paint brands of higher quality, floor coatings of a high gloss finish, or http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html spray paints
Solvent based paints (Lustre/Enamel) Solvent based paints - Lustre paints, Enamel paints and oil paints all come under the category of solvent based paints. They cannot be pre-mixed with water. Oil based paints take a longer time to dry and often produce strong odors which are irritating and sometimes even toxic in nature. The advantage with these paints is that they really last long and produce rich and desiring effects on the wall.
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Painting The Wall Using Emulsion Paint http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Painting the floor http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Oil Paint protect the steel from become corroded http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Three Types of Wood Finishes Transparent Coatings- coatings that can be seen through. Ex. Varnish, Shellac, lacquer , PU , Melamine
Penetrating Finishesthan just coat it.
Opaque Finishesbe seen through.
these soak into the wood rather Ex. Linseed Oil, Danish Oil
covers the surface completely, cannot Ex. Paint, enamel
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Transparent Coatings Varnish-
a preparation consisting of various resins and drying oil (linseed oil, tung oil, and walnut oil.) dissolved in an Turpentine ,oil , water or in alcohol. When applied to the surface of wood, it dries and leaves a hard, glossy transparent coating.
Shellac- a varnish made by
dissolving this material in alcohol or a similar solvent.
Lacquer-
a protective coating consisting of a resin, sometimes with pigment added.
Resin –
Resin is a thick and sticky yellowish- brown substance used to chemically bond materials together. Resins that are used in varnishes include amber, kauri gum, dammar, copal, rosin (pine resin), sandarac, balsam, elemi, and others http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Comparison of different TRANSPERENT COATING
Ease of Application
Reversibility
Rubbing Qualities
Can easily be removed with solvents
Needs to be buffed
Appearance Protection
Durability
Safety
Wax
Creates shine
Short Term
Needs frequent reapplication
Safe when solvents in easy, needs paste wax evaporate sanding
Shellac
Some yellow or orange tint, depending on grade used
Fair against water, good on solvents Durable except alcohol
Nitrocellulose lacquer
Transparent, good gloss
Decent protection
Conversion varnish
Transparent, good gloss
Excellent protection against many Hard and durable substances
Linseed oil
Yellow warm glow, pops grain1, darkens with age
Tung oil
Warm glow, pops grain1, lighter Water resistant than linseed
Alkyd varnish
Not as transparent as lacquer, Good protection yellowish/orange tint
Polyurethane varnish
Excellent protection Transparent, Relatively safe, uses Can be stripped against many Durable after approx. Application requires many coats can petroleum based using paint substances, tough 30 day curing period some level of skill look like plastic solvents removers finish
Water-based polyurethane
Oil-varnish mixes
Transparent
Very little
Good protection. Newer products (2009) also UV stable
Similar to oils unless many coats applied, Low, but more than then takes on pure oil finishes characteristics of
Safe when solvent French polishing Completely evaporates, used as difficult technique to reversible using food and pill coating master. alcohol
Excellent
Used toxic solvents Good protection is needed, especially if painted
Requires nice equipment. Kick-on Completely products also irreversible available
Excellent soft finish
Uses toxic solvents, including toluene. Breathing protection is needed
Requires spray equipment. Used in Difficult to reverse professional shops only
Excellent hard finish
Fairly durable, depending on number of coats
Relatively safe, metallic driers are poisonous
Easy, apply with rags and wipe off. Needs sanding out None Takes relatively long as oil is absorbed time to dry
Fairly durable, depending on number of coats
Relatively safe, metallic driers are poisonous
Easy, apply with rags and wipe off. Faster to dry than linseed oil
Durable
Brush or spray. Relatively safe, uses Brushing needs petroleum based good technique to solvents avoid bubbles & streaks
Soft and somewhat durable
Needs sanding out None as oil is absorbed
Can be stripped using paint removers
Safer than oil-based, Brush or spray. Fast Can be stripped Durable after approx. fewer drying demands using paint 10 day curing period volatile organic compounds care in application removers (VOCs) techniques Fairly durable, depending on number of coats Relatively safe, uses http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html (archaic product, petroleum based little used with the solvents availability of modern
Easy, apply with rags and wipe off. Faster to dry than linseed oil
Fair
Bad, coats do not meld leading to white rings if rubbing out cuts through coat Bad, coats do not meld leading to white rings if rubbing out cuts through coat
Needs sanding out None unless many as oil is absorbed coats applied
VARNISH TYPE OF Varnishes depends on solvent used : 1. Oil varnishes : Amber, copal in linseed oil 2. Spirit Varnishes: Lac , shallec etc. in methylated spirit 3. Turpentine varnish: Rosin, Gum dammer , mustic in turpentine 4. Water Varnish : Shellac in hot water ( with borax , potash or soda added) to dissolve the shellac http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
ASIAN PAINT -PU Asian Paints PU Exterior Matt Asian Paints PU Exterior is a two component Polyurethane wood finish. It has a Clear-Matt finish. Asian paints PU Exterior provides excellent weather resistance, light fastness & preserves natural beauty of wood on exteriors for years Asian Paints PU Interior Glossy Asian Paints PU Interior Glossy is a two component Polyurethane wood finish.it forms a tough coating that offers excellent resistance to scratches & stains.It has a unique non-yellowing property that accentuates the natural beauty of wood & keeps the furniture looking good for years. http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
ASIAN PAINT - MELAMINE It has good hardness & has excellent resistance to staining fom oils,food & hot beverages. Asian Paints
Melamyne Glossy
Asian Paints Melamyne Glossy is an acid curing solvent based 2 pack wood finish. It is specifically formulated as an protective & decorative clear coating of wood .
Asian Paints Melamyne Gold Clear Glossy Asian Paints Melamyne Gold Clear Glossy is an acid cured solvent based 2 pack wood finish.I t imparts an clear finish. It not only protects the wood but retains the natural look for years.
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Decorative Coatings DU-PONT Alesta ® AP : Architectural polyester DuPont offers a complete range of products with excellent mechanical and weathering resistance characteristics, which makes them particularly suitable for outdoor architectural purposes. As well as a “standard” durable finish, DuPont has also developed “Superdurable” finishes for extremely hostile weathering environments. The range includes full gloss, semi-gloss or matt finishes, and varying levels of textures such as leatherette, wrinkled and sand textured. Both speckled and metallic finishes are readily available .
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Decorative Coatings DU-PONT Alesta 速 PU : Polyurethanne For more than 25 years, polyurethane powder coatings have been successfully used for industrial applications. These products based on hydroxyl resins combined with isocyanates offer excellent chemical resistance and very good flow. Fields of Applications The polyurethane powder coatings are particularly suitable for : :: Household appliances. :: Garden and office furniture. :: Automotive accessories. :: Agricultural machinery. :: Anti-graffiti clearcoats.
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Decorative Paint & Coatings Setco Chemicals (I) Private Limited Srt. No. (1) DECOSIL
PAINTS
DESCRIPTION Interior & Exterior speciality paints based on selected acrylic polymers.
(2)
NEOPRIME
(3)
NEOTEX
(4)
POLYURETHANE COATING SYSTEM (TWO PACK)
Two pack Polyurethane Clear & Pigmented Coating used in decorative application and top coat finish.
(5)
WOODLUX MELAMINE WOOD FINISH
It is a two pack systems applied on wooden substrates to produce glossy, semi-glossy, matt finishes that enhance the life of wood to a great extent.
(6)
WOOD PRIME
It is a two component solvent based penetration primer developed for wood and wood substrates.
(7)
POLYURETHANE COATING SYSTEM (TWO PACK) WEATHERTHANE POLYURETHANE COATING SYSTEMS (TWO PACK) - NEOLUX
Two component Polyurethane Clear & Pigmented Coating used in protective & decorative application and top coat finish.
POLYURETHANE COATING SYSTEMS (TWO PACK) -ACROTHANE CLEAR SANDING SEALER (ONE PACK & TWO PACK)
Two component Polyurethane. Clear & Pigmented Coating used in protective & decorative application and top coat finish. It is used on wood and wood substrates to fill up minor pores & rectify minor unevenness of surface. One pack comes in paste form and Two pack comes in liquid form.
POLYURETHANE ONE PACK CLEAR & PIGMENTED SYSTEM
It is a oil modified polyester polyurethane paints supplied in clear finish and pigmented system.http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
(8) (9) (10) (11)
It is a two pack polyester polyurethane primer system, capable of providing highly durable coating systems for serve exposure conditions. This is used in protective and decorative applications of paints on wooden surface in Texturised and Smooth finishes for interior applications.
Two component Polyurethane Clear Pigmented Coating used in protective & decorative application.
&
Penetrating Finishes ď Ž Linseed Oil- A yellowish oil extracted from the seeds of flax and used as a drying oil in paints and varnishes and in linoleum, printing inks, and synthetic resins. ď Ž Danish Oil- is a blend of oils and resins that penetrates, seals, and preserves wood surfaces.
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Brushes used for Finishing Two main brushes used are bristle brushes
and foam polybrushes.
Natural bristle brushes- are made with hog hair, commonly used with oil base paints.
Synthetic bristle brushes- are made of nylon or
polyester, commonly used with water soluble finishes, and most oil base finishes.
Foam polybrushes- made of plastic foam tapered on both sides to a sharp point, can be used on most finishes.
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Applying Wood finish : The steps required to create a durable wood finish are called a “finish system,� is comprise the following:
1) Preparatory steps: i) Stripping away of old finish ii) Bleaching iii) Patching (if necessary) iv) Sanding v) Priming or sealing
2) Staining 3) Grain filling 4) Glazing 5) Top coating: i) Filling nail holes ii) Final top coating
6) Maintenance
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Stripping away of old finish: 1. Mechanical stripping: This involves using sharp blades or scrapers to physically lift the old finish from the wood surface. Depending on the material, the application of a stream of hot air from a heat gun as the surface is scraped may facilitate the removal of the existing finish. The other mechanical method for removing an existing finish is to use abrasive materials commonly referred to a “sand paper.”
2. Chemical stripping: There are many chemical compounds sold as paint strippers or finish removers. Most of these contain Methylene Chloride or NMethyl-2-Pyrolidone (“NMP”) as an active ingredient. These compounds are generously applied, usually by brush, over the existing finish and the adhesion between the wood and the finish will be broken. If the existing finish consists of several coats, multiple applications mayhttp://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html be required.
Sanding Sanding is crucial to preparing your wood for
a finish, whether it be hand or power sanding. Anyone tell me why? Different grit sand paper
Coarse- (80 grit) Medium to fine- (100-180 grit) Very Fine- (220-280 grit)
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Applying Stains and Clear Finishes Staining- is the process to change the color of the wood without changing it’s texture. Types of stains:
Pigment stains -are made by adding color pigments together. Penetrating stains – are made by mixing aniline dyes in oil.
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Applying Stains Cont… Wood Stain Finishes: Wood Toned
- Lightly pigmented wood-toned finishes
add color to the wood, while enhancing its natural beauty. Semi-Transparent- Semi-transparent finishes allow
both the natural grain and texture to show through. Solid Color- The most durable finish, solid color
stains reveal the texture of the wood, but generally conceal the grain.
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Clear Finishes Two basic types of clear top-coat finishes:
Those that penetrate the wood Ex- linseed oil, danish oil
Those that stay on top of the surface Ex. Shellac, varnish, polyurethane and lacquer
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Applying Sealer ď Ž After stain has dried completely, a sealer
should be applied over the stain before a clear finish is applied. Why? -This prevents the stain from bleeding into the clear coat which causes the end result to be cloudy.
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Applying a filler ď Ž This is put on over the sealer to seal the pores
of the wood before applying a clear finish.
Apply filler first along the grain of the wood. Then work http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html across the grain to fill the pores completely.
Applying VARNISH A paint coating that lacks pigment & which gives
a transparent / translucent finish to wood. paint that provides a hard glossy transparent coating It greatly enhances natural beauty& figure of wood. Method polishing the wood with varnish is French Polishing. Ensure the surface are clean (no dust) and smooth before applying varnish. http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Applying Paint and Enamel ď Ž These may include, water based latex or oil
based. ď Ž An enamel paint is a paint that dries to an especially hard, usually glossy, finish. ď Ž Before applying paints, a primer should be applied, priming ensures better adhesion of paint to the surface, increases paint durability, and provides additional protection for the material being painted.
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Applying an Oil-Based Polyurethane: One can apply an oil-based polyurethane using a fine-bristled brush, a clean cloth or a foam brush. Avoid using inexpensive bristle brushes, as these will tend to leave obvious brush strokes. Brush with the grain of the wood, using a sufficient, but not overly thick coat of polyurethane. Avoid overbrushing, but be sure use long strokes to brush out as many bubbles as possible. The few remaining bubbles will typically disappear within moments. After the first coat has dried ( wait 24 hours), lightly sand the entire surface (again, with the grain) with grit sandpaper. The polyurethane will sand easily, so be careful not to sand through the thin coat and damage the stain underneath. Wipe off all dust caused by the sanding before applying a second coat. Repeat these steps until the desired level of protection is achieved (two to three coats is usually enough). After your final coat, you may choose to rub out the finish with steel wool to a consistent http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html sheen level, followed by an application of paste wax for a nice luster.
Applying a Water-Based Polyurethane: Water-based polyurethanes don't match well with oil-based stains, so if you're applying over stain, you'll want to "rough up" the stained surface slightly before applying your water-based polyurethane using some synthetic steel wool. Since oil and water don't mix, this will help the polyurethane to avoid beading on the surface like water on a freshly-waxed car. Apply a very thin coat of polyurethane with a fine brush, foam pad or cloth. Work with the grain, and avoid applying too much polyurethane to avoid raising the grain. The initial coat should be dry within a couple of hours, and a second coat can be applied. If applying in this manner, one shouldn't need to sand between coats as with the oil-based version. However, in order to get the same amount of protection, you may need to add a dozen or more coats of the water-based polyurethane. http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Applying varnish on the wood http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Varnish Applied Wood Looks Shiny http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
EXTERIOR WALL PAINTING SYSTEM Sanding, Washing, Scraping
Surface Cleaning
Waterproofing , Cement , Patching
Patch Work
Anti-algal/fungal insecticide
Biocide Treatment
Self-priming or Cement Paint Emulsion Finish
Finishing -Priming Coats - Finishing Coats
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
INTERIOR WALL PAINTING SYSTEM Sanding, Washing, Scraping
Surface Cleaning
Waterproofing , Insecticides, Cement Patching
Patch / Repair work
Smoothening Work
POP & Putty Work
Priming Coats, Touch up Putty Fine Smoothening Finishing
Finishing -Priming Coats - Finishing Coats
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
PAINTING SYSTEM FOR METAL SURFACE FERROUS
NON - FERROUS Surface Cleaning
Surface Preparation (Degreasing & Derusting)
Surface Preparation (Degreasing & Derusting Patch Work)
Sand Blasting Acid alkali Bath
Metal Primers
Sand Blasting Acid alkali Bath
Etch Priming Biocide Treatment
Knifing Putty Primer Surface r http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Finish Coats
PAINTING SYSTEM FOR WOOD SURFACE Hard/Soft/Ply Wood, Particle Board, Acoustic Board, etc.
Natural/Manufactured Surface Cleaning
Removing Knots, Surface Resins, etc.
CleaningCleaning & Surface Smoothening
Use of Beeswax, Adhesives & Sawdust, etc.
Filling Surface Cleaning
Use of fine grained Sandpaper for smooth, clear & clean surface To ensure absence of Porosity, Surface Resins, etc. for a damage free finish
Progressive Sanding Surface Cleaning
Sealer/Primer & Putty Surface Cleaning
Finish Coats Surface Cleaning Enamel, Polyurethane, Melamine, Varnish, http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html Beeswax, etc.
Defect in Paint Alligatoring Patterned cracking in the surface of the paint film resembling the regular scales of an alligator.
Blistering Bubbles resulting from localized loss of adhesion and lifting of the paint film from the underlying surface. http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Defect in Paint Chalking Formation of fine powder on the surface of the paint film during weathering, which can cause colour fading. Although some degree of chalking is a normal, desirable way for a paint film to wear, excessive film erosion can result in heavy chalking.
Cracking/Flaking The splitting of a dry paint film through at least one coat, which will lead to complete failure of the paint. Early on, the problem appears as hairline cracks; later, flaking of paint chips occurs. http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Defect in Paint Dirt Pickup Accumulation of dirt, dust particles and/or other debris on the paint film; may resemble mildew.
Efflorescence/Mottling Crusty, white salt deposits, leached from mortar or masonry as water passes through it.
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Defect in Paint Bleeding Leaching out of the existing paint film.
Crating Formation of small bowl-shaped depressions.
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
PLASTERING A mixture of lime or gypsum with sand & water which then
hardens into a smooth solid. Plastering is done after bricklaying work. After plastering, painting can be done. There are 2 types of plaster Gypsum Based and Cement Based Cement based plaster commonly used in wall putty. Need to be done by skillful workers to acquire smooth surface and beautiful plastering work. Plaster work can easily be repaired http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Wall Plastering http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Ceiling plastering http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
WALLPAPER Variety of patterns, colours & finishes Most popular alternative to painting Understanding the impact of pattern, color
and design can make a room appear larger and more stylish. Selection of wallpaper have to consider the climate to ensure long lasting
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Wallpaper http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Application Of Wallpaper http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html