The Leaf, TuDelft 2018

The Leaf Fatima El Hadji

Tutor: Stephan Verkuijlen MEGA 2018

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El Hadji Fatima 4744896 MEGA 2018 TU Delft | Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment MSc Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Track Building Technology Tutor: Stephan Verkuijlen 3

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Table of contents 1. Introduction 2.Building Concept

2.1 Plans

2.2 Grid 3.Facade concepts 4.Facade design: Plinth 5.Facade design: Office tower

5.1 South and West facade

5.2North facade 6.Facade design: Residential tower

6.1 South facade

6.2 North and East facade 7.Sequence assembly 8.Maintenance 9.Constuction system

9.1 Unitized curtain wall

9.2 Halfen cast-in-channel HTA

9.3HALFEN Channel/ Curtain wall HCW

9.4 AFFIX HPD-4 spider 10. Climate integration 11. Climate and computational design integration 12:Computational design integration 13.Conclusion

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1. Introduction “The Leaf”, was the outcome of 10 weeks of intense collaborative workflow among different specialists namely the architect, (Cristina Maria Mărginean), the structural engineers (Jacco Verhage and Jordy Bouts), the facade designer (Fatima El Hadji), computational designers (Despoina Pouniou and Ivneet Singh Bhatia) and the climate designer (Francisco Guzman). The ansamble is located in the Conradstraat, between the railway and the historic building, Groot Handelsgebouw. It is a mixed use complex, composed of a plinth and two towers (the highest reaches 180 m and the other 140 m). Regarding the functions, the plith includes retail area, conference center, fitness area and a swimming pool.

The small tower hosts office spaces, while the big tower is shared by hotel and residential.

The heart of our design are the green terraces that form the inner curve of the entire complex, unifiyng the two towers with the roof of the plinth. The urban environment in the area of the centraal station, is lacking of greneery. Therefore the lush environment of the terraces increases the quality of the apartements, introducing at the same time a new type of office. Also, is prooven that the productivity of people working in a green environment increases considerably.

Moreover, this project includes the redesign of the bus station in front of the Groot Handelsgebouw, as well as the connection of the new complex to the International Platform of the Central Station.

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2. Building concept The challange in developing the concept lies in designing a building ansamble that does not outshine the two architectural icons which define the area, the iconic Centraal station and the historic Groot Handelsgebow. To do that, the idea is to take a complete different architectural approach, that is very distinctive to both these buildings.

First of all, the ensamble is composed of a plinth and two towers. The decision to divide the different functions in two towers was made already from the beginning in order to avoid rush hours. By splitting the functions in two towers, the flow throughout the buildings is smooth and more efficient.

Secondly, two corners of each block were filleted, creating a leaf shaped floor plan, in order to optimize the shape against wind and also create a 180 degrees view over the city from the apartments. A curvature was added to both towers which will be present also in the façade of the towers and the plinth.

Last, but not least, terraced gardens offer the towers their unmistakable identity. They form the heart of the design and define the inner curve of the ensamble, that connects the two towers to the roof of the plinth. The urban environment in the area of the Central Station, is lacking greneery. The foliage of the terraces increases the quality of the apartements and introduce at the same time a new type of office. It is prooven that the productivity of people working near a green environment increases considerably.

The new concept will respond to the surrounding context accordingly. By connecting the plint to the Central Station building in the north, a second entrance will be created on the first floor of the plinth.

This allows the travellers to pass directly through the building complex, luring people into the stores that are available on the bottom floors. The new ensamble functions as a transit area between the “Eurostar” and the “Rotterdam City”.

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As mentioned before, the ensamble is a mixed-use complex, composed of a plinth and two towers.

The highest tower reaches 180m and is shared by hotel and residential, while the smaller tower reaches 140m, hosting part of the conference center and office spaces.

The plith provides three entrance possibilities into the building. The first one can be accesed by bike through the first underground floor, where visitors can drop off their bike in one of the two underground levels, reserved for bicycle stands and mechanical rooms. The second entrance is the main one on the ground floor. A third entrance at the 1 floor gives access to the travellers from the “Eurostar” platform 1 into the complex.

At the ground level and the first floor there are retail spaces and the entrance lobbys to the office, residential area, hotel and conference center. The conference center is located in the next three floors of the plinth and the bottom part of T2. In the last floor of the plinth are the fitness and the swimming center which are reserved for the hotel guests and the residents. In the bottom part of both towers are the two restaurants which can be shared by office and conference center in T2, respectively hotel and residential in T1. Both restaurants have access to their own rooftop terrace.

Kitchen 130m2

To accentuate this connection even more, the bus station will be redesigned and relocated, continuing this transition path into the landscape design of the square in front. Hereby, a direct connection is established between the railway and the Groot Handelsgebouw. Being a business hotspot, the Groot Handelsgebouw hosts 200 companies, including retail, offices and consulats, attracting a heavy flow of people every day. Now, visitors will have a more direct access from the railway, to the building, without any vehicles interrupting the flow.

The plinth of the new complex will have the same height as the Groot Handelsgebouw, which also defines the dominant height of the surrounding buildings. By respecting the same height, a direct visual connection from the popular “Rooftop Bar & Cinema” to the green rooftop terrace of the new complex will be established.

luggage elevator + fire luggage elevator + fire

back of house delivery + fire back of house delivery + fire

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2.1 Plans

Middle hotel floor The hotel rooms were arranged according to the quality of the view - the bigger, more expensive rooms towards the balconies, the middle sized rooms at the S facade and the small rooms to the SE and N. The hotel can be accessed only by guests, from the lobby of the 1st floor via four elevators. Due to the fact that the residential elevators are not accessible in the hotel floors, the area can be closed and used for storage.

In terms of fire, two fire fighting elevators are provided, one being used for back of the house delivery and the other for luggage transfer. More details about escape routes and fire compartments can be accessed in Appendix 4: Climate Design.

Last residential floor As can be seen in the plan, the outrigger colums disappear in the top part of the tower and the area of the floors increases again. Having more facade area on the top part of the tower will provide more views to the outside, hence the apartments can be rented at a higher price.

48.62 m2

fire elevators

residential elevators

114.70 m2

luggage elevator + fire

back of house delivery + fire

100.52 m2

64.76 m2

58.33 m2

128.74 m2

57.49 m2 91.61 m2

50.77 m2

residential elevators

luggage elevator + fire

back of house delivery + fire

102.55 m2

102.65 m2

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49.70 m2

2.01 m2

fire elevators

First residential floor The apartments can be accessed only by residents via four elevators from the ground floor. The hotel elevators will stop at the first mechanical floor, which is dividing the hotel, from the residential part.

The area gained from removing the four hotel elevators will compensate a little for the space that is lost due to the twisting of the tower.

As can be noticed in all the shown plans, the bathroom and the kitchen is always arranged within a 2.2m sanitary zone around the core. This way, all the electrical installations, water supply and drain pipes can be collected easily to one of the two common shafts provided in the core.

127.08 m2 51.51 m2

100.78 m2

85.53 m2

1.8m

T2 includes 3 floors of back of house offices as part of the conference center and 20 floors of office spaces. In order to create a flexible office plan, the tower follows a grid of 1.8m. Again, collaboration between myself, the Structural Designers and the Facade Designer was necessary in order to attain the most optimal position of the columns and the right size of the facade panels. The facade panels are 1.8m wide, while the columns follow a 3.6m grid.

The facade of T2 follows a similar aesthetic as T1, but functions differently. The N and E facades are single skin facades, 200mm deep, while the S and W facades are 800mm deep, double skin facades, in order to encourage the natural ventilation within the building and prevent high wind gusts. More details about the facade configuration of T2 can be found in Appendix 2: Facade Design.

1.2m

residential elevators

luggage elevator + fire

back of house delivery + fire

hotel elevators

T1 reaches 180m with 13 hotel floors in the bottom part of the tower, 21 apartment floors and two mechanical floors in between. The tower follows the same grid as the plinth, namely 1.2m, which was considered best given the required apartment and hotel room typologies.

A strong collaboration with the Structural Designers and the Facade Designer was necessary in order to place the dividing walls on the same spot where a column is located, respectively where a facade panel starts. The columns follow a 3.6m grid starting from the center of the core. The size and shape of the outtrigger columns was also optimized so that it does not obstruct the view to the outside and from the inside it can be perceived as a dividing wall between two rooms.

There are two main sizes of facade panels, 1.2m and 2.4m wide. Two sizes were chosen because of the different hotel room and apartment sizes. The facade is a single skin unitized facade with a facade panel thickness of 200mm. The south facade has a shading element with PV panels on top incorporated into the facade unit. More details about the facade design and the optimization ofd the shading elements can be found in Appendix 2: Facade Design and Appendix 3: Computational Design.

fire elevators

2.2 Grid

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3. Facade concept The main concepts are to continue the expression of the curve created by the form of the two towers in the main facades (south and north) and to encorporate in the hole complex the horizontality given by the parapets of the green terraces, which are the central point of the architectural concept of this project.

Therefore in order to achieve this design objective, in each floor a curve is created either with insulated panels (in the case of the plinth and the residential tower) either with the use of fritted glass (in the case of the two first floor of the plinth and the office tower). This curves shift in each floor, creating a final curve that unify the overall complex.

In the plinth the curve is more highlighted throughout the design of a totally glazed central part of the facade, which coincide with the atrium and the circulation spaces of the conference center.

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4. Facade design: Plinth The facade of the plinth is characterized by a central zone of the facade totally glazed, which hosts the main public spaces and the common areas of the ocnference center.On the other hand, The extremities of the plinth as the east and west facade are partly opaque, in order to highlight the principle of the curvature on the main facades.

The facade of the ground floor and first floor (retail area) is composed by curtain wall with a fritted glass pattern that start on the first floor, and gradually disappear. This design choice was made in order to continue the concept of horizontality and in order to conitnue the opaque/transpaerent design of the plinth.

The south and north facades of the plinth are treated in the same way, therefore also in the north facade the concpet of the curvature is followed.

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Facade concept of the plinth South west facade

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Facade concept of the plinth North East facade

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Elevation of the plinth

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5. Facade deisgn: Office tower The facade of the office tower is characterized by a double skin facade in the south and west facade.

Infact, the facade is composed by a first skin of unitized curtain wall system and a second skin of single glass.

In order to facillitate the installation of the outrigger necessary for the double skin facade, a sandiwch panel have been designed above each unitized panel.

Moreover,a customized bracket has been designed to combine the installation of the curtain wall and of the second skin.

In order to achieve the design principle of higlighting the horizontality and in otder to unify the facade design of the entire complex, the glass panels of the second skin are characterized by a fritted glass that repeat the same ‘‘opacity’’ of the spandrel panels of the facade of the second tower. The pattern of the fritted glass became thinner a specific part of each floor, in order to create one curve along the hole facade.

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Facade concept of the office tower South west facade

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Facade concept of the office tower North East facade

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5.1 South and West facade Section and Elevation 1:50

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Section 1:20 Isometric View of the facade

Floor finishing Mortar Rockwool rigid board Concrete Deck I Beam

Spider

Catwalk for maintenance

Sandwich panel

Unitized system

Second skin 25

Detail 1:5

Ventilation system

I beam with concrete layer Deck of the floor system Concrete floor ROCKWOOL rigid stone wool boards Mortar Floor heating system Floor finishing

L profile Reynards CW 65 EF

Insulation 15 mm Ventilation Box: natural heating system Airtightness seal RENSON ventilation grill AFFIX HPD spider HALFEN Channel Customized Brakect Nylon 20 mm Sandwich panel: Insulation 160 mm HORISO 80 Blind system Single glass panel

Fire stopping Customized bracket ROCKWOOL insulation Spandrel panel

Acoustic insulation Ceiling panels

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Detail 1:5

Outrigger connection

Air tightness seal Customized bracket Nylon Bolt welded on the outrigger’s plate Sandwich panel: Insulation Sandwich panel: Aluminium cover HORISO 80 Blind system Outrigger AFFIX HPD spider Single glass panel

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5.2 North facade Section and Elevation 1:50

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Section 1:20 Isometric View of the facade

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6. Facade design: Residential tower Also the facade of the Residential tower follow the same design principles of the office tower. Infact, if in the office tower the fritted glass pattern highlighted the horizontality and created the curve aall along the facade, in the second tower this concept is achieved by the design of customized unitized system, in particular by the design of the insulated part of the curtain wall.

Moreover, each unitized panel is designed with a special spandrel panel. During the design process, through the parallel workflow with the computational designer, the decision of the combination of a sun shading device and a Pv panel was made.

Infact, the spandrel panel on top of each unitized panel on the south facade has a ‘triangular’’ section with a Pv panel on top of it.

Since the entire facade is characterized by the use of GFRP panels for the opaque parts of the curtain wall, also the special spandrel panel of the south facade has been designed with a GFRP cover, as protection of the insulation and as support for the Pv panel.

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Facade concept of the residential tower South west facade

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Facade concept of the residential tower North East facade

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6.2 South facade Section and Elevation 1:50

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Section 1:20 Isometric View of the facade

Floor finishing Mortar Rockwool rigid board Concrete Deck I Beam Prefabricated panel with Pv panel integrated

Spandrel panel

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Detail 1:5

Bracket connection and Ventilation system

I beam with concrete layer Deck of the floor system Concrete floor ROCKWOOL rigid stone wool boards Mortar Floor heating system Floor finishing

HALFEN Channel Fire stopping Vapour barrier Aluminium cover Unitized system Brakect Insulation GFRP panel

Pv Panel incorporated in the GFRP panel

Acoustic insulation Ceiling panels

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Reynards CW 65 EF RENSON ventilation system Insulation GFRP panel

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6.2 North facade Residential Tower

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North and East facade Section and Elevation 1:50

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Section 1:20 Detail 1:5

I beam with concrete layer Deck of the floor system Concrete floor ROCKWOOL rigid stone wool boards Mortar Floor heating system Floor finishing

L profile (finishing of the floor) Double gypsum board Vapour barrier Fire stopping Reynards CW 65 EF

HALFEN Channel Fire stopping Vapour barrier Aluminium cover Insulation Unitized system Brakect GFRP panel

I beam Acoustic insulation Gypsum board Vapour barrier Aluminium cover Insulation GFRP panel

Acoustic insulation Ceiling panels

Reynards CW 65 EF RENSON ventilation system

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7.Sequence of assembly 7.1 Office tower STEP 1 Cast of HALFEN channel and connection with Bracket.

In the following diagrams the sequence assembly of the facade of the office tower is explained.

After the cast of the Channels in the edge of the floor system, the unitized panels of each floor can be fixed through the customized bracket, which will be also used for the installaion of the outriggers of the double skin facade.

Following the sandwich panel can be installed above each unitized panel.

The entire first skin of the facade can be sealed and the air tightness and water tightness of he facade can be checked.

Finally, the spiders, the catwalk for the maintenance of the second skin and the outer glass panels can be assembled.

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STEP 2 Fixing the Unitized system.

STEP 3 Fixing the Outrigger on top of the bracket of the unitized system.

STEP 4 Fixing the sandwich panel on top of the unitized system.

STEP 6 Fixing the spiders on each outrigger.

STEP 7 Positioning of the catwalk on top of the outriggers.

STEP 8 Fixing of the single glass panes to the spiders, and sealing the jonctions between the panes in order to assure airtightness and water resistance.

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7.1 Residential tower

STEP 1 Cast of HALFEN channel and connection with Bracket.

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STEP 2 Fixing the Unitized system to the channel through the bracket.

8. Maintenance

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TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS Style variants

CW 65-EF

CW 65-EF/HI

CW 65-EF/SG

1.600 mm x 3.700 mm

1.550 mm x 3.500 mm

1.600 mm x 3.700 mm

Interior visible width

65 mm

65 mm

65 mm

Exterior visible width

65 mm

65 mm

16 mm joint between glass

9.1Unitized curtain wall

Depth mullions

152 mm

179 mm

122 mm

CW 65-Element Façade enables unitised façades to be completely pre-assembled in the workshop. This results in a high execution speed on the site.

Productivity here however embraces architectural aesthetic requirements as the CW 65EF works with slender profiles of only 65 mm.

The slender profile is very strong and can be used for maximum heights up to 3700 mm.

The façade system is thus very well suited for high-rise constructions. Profiles can easily be adapted to fit project depending requirements.

CW 65-EF provides increased insulation with an Uf-value of up to 2.6 W/m²K. The opening elements such as a top hung and parallel opening window can be integrated into the system.

The high insulation variant, CW 65-EF-HI, provides an increased insulation with Uf-value of up to 1,5 W/m²K and allows installation of triple glazing up to 63mm glass thickness. The latter product is used in the residential building.

CW 65-EF is also available in the aesthetic looking structural glazing version where the glass plates are separated by a minimum joint of 16mm. The glass plate itself is glued directly onto a pre-assembled frame, reducing the required number of components and further minimizing the construction time.

Depth transom

152 mm

178 mm

121 mm

Aluminium glazing beads

Aluminium glazing beads

Glass wall

Glazing bead + EPDM gasket

Glazing bead + EPDM gasket

Bonded on a natural anodised surface with a 18,5 mm width

From to 36 mm CW465-EF 300 kg mm 1.600 mm x 3.700

From to 63 CW34 65-EF /HImm 300 kg 1.550 mm x 3.500 mm

From 4 to 40 CW 65-EF /SGmm 250 kg 1.600 mm x 3.700 mm

Max. dimensions W x H

9. Construction system

Exterior aesthetics Glazing Glassvariants thickness Style Glassdimensions weight Max. WxH Inertia outer Interior visibleframe width(Ix: wind load) Inertia outer frame Exterior visible width(Iy: glass load) Inertiamullions transoms (Ix: wind load) Depth Inertiatransom transoms (Iy: glass load) Depth

Exterior Types ofaesthetics vent Glazing

4 165 65- 173 mmcm 4 6,565 - 10,5 mmcm

105 111 cm4 65- mm 4 5,8 65- 10,1 mmcm 128,4 cm4 152 mm 58 mm cm4 152

4,7 - between 9,6 cm4 glass 16 mm joint 183mm cm4 122

187,9 cm4 179 mm 58,8 cm4 178 mm

72,7 cm4 121 mm

All Reynaers systems, top Aluminium glazing beads hung window, POW window Glazing bead + EPDM gasket

Aluminium glazing beads ---

Glass---wall

Glazing bead + EPDM gasket

Bonded on a natural anodised surface with a 18,5 mm width

From 4 to 36 mm

From 34 to 63 mm

From 4 to 40 mm

300 kg

300 kg

250 kg

Glass thickness Glass weight Inertia outer frame (Ix: wind load)

105 - 111 cm

165 - 173 cm

115 - 123,8 cm4

Inertia outer frame (Iy: glass load) ENERGY(Ix: wind load) Inertia transoms

5,8 - 10,1 cm4

6,5 - 10,5 cm4

4,7 - 9,6 cm4

128,4 cm4

187,9 cm4

183 cm4

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PERFORMANCES

(1) Inertia transoms (Iy: glass load) Thermal Insulation EN 13947 Types of vent COMFORT

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58 cm4 58,8 cm4 72,7 cm4 Uf ≥ between 1.51 W/m²K and 7.6 W/m²K, depending on the profile combination.

All Reynaers systems, top ----hung window, POW window

Acoustic performance(2) EN ISO 140-3; EN ISO 717-1

Rw (C; Ctr) = 37 (-1; -3) dB, other values depending on glazing type

Air permeability, max. test pressure(3) EN 12153, EN 12152

PERFORMANCES Water tightness(4) EN 12155, EN 12154 ENERGY

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4 115 65 - 123,8 mmcm

A4

AE 700

(600 Pa)

R5

300

R6

450

(700 Pa)

R7

600

RE

900

RE

1050

RE

1200

Wind load resistance, max. test pressure(5) (1) Thermal Insulation Pa and 7.6 W/m²K, depending on the 1800 Pa combination.

Uf ≥ between 1.511400 W/m²K profile EN 12179, EN 13116 EN 13947 Impact resistance class I5 / E5 COMFORT EN 14019 Acoustic performance(2) Rw = 37relevant (-1; -3)todB, other values depending on glazing type This table shows possible classes and values of performances. The values indicated in red(C; areCtr) the ones this system.

EN ISO 140-3; EN ISO 717-1

3 5

3

Double glazing for Office tower

7

6

4

5 4

6

7

3

8

30

3

31

Triple glazing for Hotel and Residential tower

8

3 7

3a 28

7a 28

9

28

9

28

30a

28

9

28

9

50

28

28

007.0226.XX

65

65

007.0260.XX

CW 65-EF

4.5 20.5

101

101

007.0200.XX

007.0260.XX 101

101

007.0200.XX

4.5 20.5

007.0270.XX

50

28

30.9

29.1

Vaste elementen - Vaste panelen Eléments fixes - Panneaux fixes Fixed elements - Fixed panels Feste Elemente - Feste Füllungen

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8 28

9 65

28

9 65

007.0225.XX

28

CW65-EF-007001.dxf CW65-EF-007001.dwg

4

28 9 65

3b 28

101 28

9

007.0225.XX CW65-EF-003001.dxf CW65-EF-003001.dwg

28

7b

28

21.5

6

15.3

4

CW65-EF-030002.dxf CW65-EF-030002.dwg

10

7

10

5

3

28

9

28

007.0225.XX

9 65

28

31a

CW65-EF-007002.dxf CW65-EF-007002.dwg

007.0225.XX 50 CW65-EF-003002.dxf CW65-EF-003002.dwg

007.0270.XX

28 28 9 65

65

65

Vaste elementen - Vaste panelen Eléments fixes - Panneaux fixes Fixed elements - Fixed panels Feste Elemente - Feste Füllungen

121.5

121.5

007.0205.XX

CW 65-EF/HI

4.5 20.5

28

28

007.0205.XX

4.5 20.5

...D

28

031

9

08/2010

007.0226.XX

007.0200.XX CW65-EF-031001.dwg CW65-EF-031001.dxf 28

5

3

4

CW65-EF-004001.dxf CW65-EF-004001.dwg

007.0230.XX

18 10 6.4

106

23.6

32

50 CW65-EF-031002.dxf CW65-EF-031002.dwg

007.0225.XX

CW65-EF-003003.dxf CW65-EF-003003.dwg

5.4 5.02

28

16

28

013

101

007.0210.XX

007.0226.XX

28

28

08/2010

005

08/2010

28 D...

08/2010

007.0202.XX

33

9

5.4 5.02

4a

31

9 D... 65

56

CW65-EF-007003.dxf CW65-EF-007003.dwg

007.0260.XX

101

16

56

7 8

6b

28

10

SSG

25.5

SSG

106

6

28

007.0225.XX

32

19 75

14

47

CW65-EF-006003.dxf CW65-EF-006003.dwg

9.2 HALFEN Cast-in-channel HTA-CE in the office building

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Installation/assebly HALFEN Cast-in-channel HTA-CE in the office building

9.3HALFEN Channel/ Curtain wall HCW in the hotel and residential building

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9.4 AFFIX HPD-4 spider

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Ventilation

10. Climate integration Ventilation

The amount of ventilation provided into a building has a high importance when dealing with indoor comfort levels. It is fundamental to provide a healthy environment, and has a large inuence in both temperature throughout the year and to the overall building’s energy consumption. Currently, three methods of ventilation are present within a building: natural, mechanical and hybrid.

The former is assured throughout the integration of ventilation system in the facade.

Thermal transfer: Glazing type

Due to the climate present in Rotterdam, the amount of insulation of the building should be as high as possible. Due to aesthetical and façade aspects, much of the façade consists on glazing which causes a large amount of heat to be lost during winter, increasing the overall energy consumption of the building. To counter this energy loss, several measures have been taken in the façade, depending on the function that it is serving.

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For the plinth, residential and hotel tower, triple glazing has been chosen.

This type of glazing will be able to reduce the heat loss in winter while reducing heat gains in summer and providing a high level of visible light transmission.

In the case of oces, a double skin façade is present in the south and west façade consisting of single glazing for the outer skin and double glazing for the inner skin. The double glazing will contain a high transmission Low-E coating which will reduce the amount of heat lost, while admitting solar gain. During summer, this can prove to be a problem, nevertheless, due to the cavity, overheating can be prevented by ventilation powered through stack eect. Even though a double skin façade has an increased costs in comparison with single skin ones, its benets are substantial, among them: reduction of energy consumption, ventilation, airfow and thermal comfort enhancement, daylighting and glare control, sound insulation, noise reduction and acoustic enhacement, visual and aesthetic quality enhancement.

11. Climate and computational design integration Optimization: External SunshaEnergy Production ding

During the design process the integration of the workflow between the facade, computational and climater designers was made for the optimization of the dimensions of the external sunshading system on the south facade of the residential building.

The entire optimization process is described in the computational designer’s mand: report, 46.64 kWh/m² and was performed in cooperation with C.D. Despoina Pouniou. The goal was to decrease the energy loads during summer by preventing heat from entering the building, while maximizing the heat gain from winter with the use of a external sunshading element in the south-eastern façade of the building.

Therefore, after several iterations made through a Grasshopper script and postprocessing in MODEFrontier, an overhang distance of 55 cm was deemed the optimal result.

Properties Area on sunshading: 771.05 m² Area on Roof: 1443.99 m² Solar Irradiance per year At 0°: 977.36 kWh/m² At 50°: 856.39 kWh/m² Panel Efficiency: 15% Electricity Cost: 0.16 €/kWh Total Initial Investment: 450 000 € Payback Period: 12 years Energy Production: 17.99% of Hotel Residential Use Solar irradiation 52°andNB

To be used for the calculation of the yield for PVsystems and solar hotwater collectors

Photovoltaic Panel System

To provide some of the energy required by the building, solar panels will be intoin:v 4616.83 MWh stalled in the south façade as well on the rooftops of the building.

Taking advantage of the external sunshading element, an inclination of 50° was taken to maximize the solar gains for each PV panel, with 90% efficiency of the PV system, which largely increases the amount of energy it can produce.

Tilt degrees from horizontal

© SenterNovem

Challenge the future

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Computational Design

12. Computational design integration Facade panelization

The panelization of the facade of the complex was made througout the computation designer on Grasshopper, in order to have a panel size that respects the architectural grid, and moreover in presentation order to reduce the amount of special panels. nalization of the form

6_final presentation 6.1_rationalization of the form Based on the feedback from the Mid-term presentation, it was decided to put emphasis on the architectural form, and strengthen the concept of the terraces as unifying element.

Therefore, the inner curves of the towers, that shape the terraces, were adjusted, so that the two towers look symmetrical. The design process was the outcome of the collaboration between the architect and the computational designer (author).

What is more, the shape of the towers was rationalized, based on the grid of the structural system and the facade (Figure 6.2). The grids that were applied, were 1,2 m for the big tower, and 1,8 m for the small tower. The fillet radius (r1 and r2), and also the length of a1 and a2 edges were the variables for this process. The edges b1 and b2 were constants (28m), covering the whole plot in that direction. Equation 6.1 and Figure 6.1 present the rationalization process of the form. The outcome determined the position of the columns, by the structural designers and the facade panelization, conducted by the computational designer I.S.Bhatia. Typical floor plans of the towers can be seen in the apepndix, Figure 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4.

Figure 6.2: The final shape of the

For tower_01: l1=(a1-r1)+(b1-r1)+π*r1/2 [m] l1=n*1,2 [m] For tower_02: l2=(a2-r2)+(b2-r2)+π*r2/2 [m] l2=n*1,8 [m] Εquation 6.1: Rationalisation process of the form for the two towers.

The final shapes of the towers had the following dimensions:

a1=38,8m a2=37,5m the feedback from the Mid-term presentation, it was decided to put emphasis r1=r2=8,58m chitectural form, and strengthen the concept of the terraces as unifying element. , the inner curves of the towers, that shape the terraces, were adjusted, so that owers look symmetrical. The design process was the outcome of the collaboration the architect and the computational designer (author).

more, the shape of the towers was rationalized, based on the grid of the structural nd the facade (Figure 6.2). The grids that were applied, were 1,2 m for the big tow8 m for the small tower. The fillet radius (r1 and r2), and also the length of a1 and a2 (28m), covere the variables for this process. The edges b1 and b2 were constants d whole plot in that direction. Equation 6.1 and Figure 6.1 present the rationalization of the form. The outcome determined the position of the columns, by the structural and the facade panelization, conducted by the computational designer I.S.Bhaal floor plans of the towers can be seen in the apepndix, Figure 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4.

wer_01: l1=(a1-r1)+(b1-r1)+π*r1/2 [m] 54

l1=n*1,2 [m]

wer_02: l =(a -r )+(b -r )+π*r /2 [m]

6.2_optimization of the shading s

The sustainability approach of th profit. Considering these principle ly passive strategies and natural sumption of the building, while pr tational designer (author) collabo in order to optimize the shading s and visual comfort. Additionally, and total surface area), which w

Tower_02 had a double skin faç and visually, to users (office spac ble windows were used, so that th For that reason, the optimization b2 b1 energy performance. At first, an facades and the roof. The results one. SW façade collected 210,8 collected by SE façade, becaus decided to use shading element Figure 6.2: The final1.8m shape of the building complex, as defined after the of the shape. r2 r1 rationalization 1.2m nually. The façade designer sugg a1 a2 follow the architectural logic of th tinuity of the horizontal slabs of th Figure 6.1: Rationalisation process of the form for the two towers. the climate design, and as a resu Image by J.Verhage and D.Pouniou

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13. Conclusion The Course MEGA was one of the most complex and realistic project I have ever done. Besides the huge amount of knowledge and experience aquired in the Facade design and in the design of complex project, during the design process, my team and me, we learned how to work in a intense and parallel way, respecting each other work and opinion.

The success of this design studio is due to the competence and experience of the tutors.

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