Anchored Palisade and Sheathing 2.
high water mark
+ This was the most popu-
1.
adjacent ground
lar bulkhead system due to
2. steel tie back with tension bolts
the relatively inexpensive cost of construction
3.
duck bill anchor
+ more maintenance was
5.
low water mark
required because the wood
6. wooden dimensioned palisades (rough lumber)
even when treated was not
7.
canal bottom
tions in water level and
8.
vertical pilings
the industrial operations
as durable to the flucta-
+ this construction method, and the practice of using pressure treated wood often likely contributed more toxic substances to the canal waters than forms of masonry construction + the wooden slats could break and crack, absorb water and hold material, providing a potentially rich biological niche and material easy to change Canal wall along Newtown Creek in New York City, between Brooklyn and Queens