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EMBRACE FEMINISM BY LEARNING ABOUT WHO FOUGHT for EQUALITY. Celebrating a century of feminism.
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preface the suffrage movement The suffrage movement started in 1848, after the first women’s rights convention occurred in Seneca Falls (located in New York). The convention was led by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. This put the suffragist cause on a national stage as an issue that would be dealt with until its goals were met. For almost a half of a century after that, woman suffragists worked to teach people about the truths behind the suffrage movement. These women pioneered the movement, along with other women’s rights pioneers and suffragists. They sent out petitions and lobbied Congress to put fourth a Constitutional Amendment to enfranchise women in America. Suffragists in the club movement and the settlement house movement wanted reform from Congress. Though many politicians were not helping the suffrage movement because suffragists were not enfranchised. Later on,
suffragists saw that they needed to earn the right to vote in order to achieve their goals. This was the start of the suffrage movement becoming a large movement across the nation. During the 1900s, the suffrage movement was led by the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). They were a group of millions led by Carrie Chapman Catt, and worked to create campaigns to enfranchise women in America, along with lobbying The White House for an Amendment. Another Suffragist group included the National Women’s Party (NWP), led by Alice Paul, which worked to put fourth radical protests. These protests included picketing the White House to make them pass the Suffrage Amendment. Their work paid off when in 1920, when the 19th Amendment was ratified to enfranchised women. This victory led to the Progressive Era, and that was the biggest extension of Democratic voting rights in America’s history.
the start of the problem with no name HOUSEWIFERY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 THE PAY GAP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6
revolutions across the board
ADVERTISING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 STEWARDESSES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2
THAT GIRL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2
AILEEN HERNANDEZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6
MARY TYLER MOORE. . . . . . . . . . . 6 4
LORINA WEEKS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8
BARBARA WALTERS. . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6
THE PROBLEM WITH NO NAME. . . 3 0
THE STARS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 8
BETTY FRIEDAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2
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33-56 YOU SAY YOU WANT A REVOLUTION N.O.W.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6 THE REVOLUTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 THE SIT IN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 0 WOMEN’S LIBERATION. . . . . . . . . 4 2 SPREADING THE WORD. . . . . . . . . 4 4 GRRLS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 6 MS. MAGAZINE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 8 RITA MAE BROWN. . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 0 GLORIA STEINEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4
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THE MODERN ERA OF FEMINISTS PAT SHROEDER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8 TITLE 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 0 RUTHLESS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 2 PIONEERS IN POLITICS. . . . . . . . . 1 0 4 SHIRLEY CHISHOLM. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 6 PHYLLIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 8 MAVERICKS IN POLITICS. . . . . . . 1 1 0 HILARY CLINTON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 WOMEN IN BUSINESS. . . . . . . . . . 1 1 4 SHERYL SANBERG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 6
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REVOLUTIONS IN WOMENS SEXUALITY A SEXUAL AWAKENING. . . . . . . . . 7 4 THE PILL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8 50/50.......................80 OUR BODIES, OURSELVES. . . . . . . 8 2 SEXUALITY IN THE MEDIA. . . . . . . 8 6 ROE VS. WADE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8 FREEDOM TRASH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 0 LETTY POGREBIN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2
contents
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the start of the problem with no name a look at gender roles in the 1950s, and how that contributed to the feminist revolution
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a woman’s place is in the home
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housewifery women were taught that after college, the goal was to become a housewife During the 1950s, women in college would not end up using the degrees, or would pull out of college early in order to start a family. This was not seen as an issue due to public stereotypes seeing the women’s place in a home instead of an office. Society viewed women’s career goals as irrelevant to their role in the home. College girls were dreaming of wedding rings and proposals, instead of dream jobs or what they really wanted out of life. Single girls were jealous of their friends who became engaged in college, and suddenly women did not have the same drive to perform in college as as their male peers. They didn’t have goals of their own, instead they did what society told them to think.
College girls reflecting the conservative ideals of the time; dreaming about starting a family and abandoning their college degree.
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man
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50 years ago, this is what g e t tin g a j ob lo o ked li ke
Back in the mid-twentieth century, the employment process was very different. Getting a job was a segregated process where women and men had separate columns for job openings. This was because certain jobs would have a description that explained what type of candidate they were looking for based on gender and race stereotypes. There were limited options for female jobs, as men were seen as more capable employees. Men had certain jobs that women would be unable perform in due to the belief that women also had to be able to take care of their family and perform household. Those household tasks were in addition to a career. Therefore they got paid less as their employers thought men could devote more time to their sole office job. Women were limited to being telephone operators, secretaries, teachers, nurses, and stewardesses. There is an image of the job column on the right, notice the female column is smaller than the male column. We are very luck today that this is not the typical job search, as it would be very difficult to obtain one that satisfied our career dreams.
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Employment wanted list showing the reality of unequal employment with segregated jobs divided by gender.
sexist advertising caused women to think their place was in the home, and encouraged them to be submissive to their husbands.
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NO WOMAN GETS AN ORGASM FROM SHINING THE KITCHEN FLOOR
welcome aboard to your airborne dreams unfair, sexist training and regulations in stewardess jobs led women to question their superiors at the airlines. Airlines created sexist regulations regarding the stewardess training, which led to a revolution in the EEOC.
“I think right now that what you have are laws which impose certain kinds of behavior on men and women whether they themselves do indeed wish to follow that pattern.�
Aileen Hernandez Aileen Hernandez worked to improve employment rights for women of both races in the work place. She originally worked at the E.E.O.C., an organization created by the president to encourage equal rights for employment, and left as she saw nothing was really getting done. In the 1960s, stewardess regulations were sexist and unfair, therefore stewardesses became fed up and marched to the E.E.O.C. in order to change things for the better. Aileen started working towards equal employment rights after she helped to found N.O.W. (The National Organization for Women). This organization worked to encourage equality in employment, and getting rid of unjust stewardess regulations. Aileen was one of many women who saw that they had to take the issues into their own hands if they wanted to get anything done for the feminist future of women in the work place.
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Co. Founder of the n.o.w. organizatoin for women who led the movement for equal gender rights in the work place
Unfair job promotion neglect based on gender became a prominent issue for women.
wells and bell telephone Lorena Wells was a hard working telephone operator at Bell Telephone, though when it came time for promotions she was not given the position she rightly deserved. She was one of countless women, who’s promotions were given to men instead of themselves, due to unfair gender stereotypes in the work place. Wells asked her manager why she didn’t get it, and he said its because another man in the office was a stronger, better fit. Though Wells decided to take action by hiring a lawyer to defend her case in court against the Bell Telephone Company. Her lawyer prepared a very substantial case for her, and they ended up winning the law suit. Bell Telephone had to give Lorena the position she rightly earned, and this set a new standard for women believing that they could fight for their rights, and they could win!
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wells sewed bell telephone after refusing to promote her based on being a woman
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f i n a l ly, t h e c a t a ly s t o f c h a n g e suffered by women in the 1950s
Betty Friedan, wrote the
Feminist Mystique, which was the catalyst to the Women’s Liberation Movement.
CHANGING EVERYTHING f o u n d e r o f t h e n .o.w o r g a n i z at i o n f o r w o m e n Betty Fridan wrote the Feminist Mystique in 1963, a novel that easily became the catalyst for the second wave of feminism in the United States. She chose to create a novel because no one was willing to publish her radical writing at the time. Friedan was a housewife herself, though she became unhappy with her life, and questioned the typical roles for women as a housewife. She interviewed her friends, neighbors, and old colleagues to research if other women felt this way. She led a survey in 1957 of her old classmates, and found that women were not happy with their lives in the home. Soon she realized this was something worth writing about to encourage women to pursue their rights to have a fulfilling life, where their roles would not be dictated by unfair gender roles in society.
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the start of a new movement how the feminine mystique contributed to the start of womens liberation movement
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- betty friedan
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a girl should not expect special privileges because of sex, but neither should she adjust TO prejudice
cause & effect the women’s l i b e r at i o n m o v e m e n t The women’s liberation movement was an alliance of feminists that came about in the United States around the late 1960s and 1970s. In 1967 Jo Freeman went to a “free school’” course on women at the University of Chicago led by Heather Booth and Naomi Weisstein. Freeman organized a woman’s workshop at the National Conference of New Politics (NCNP). There, a woman’s caucus was formed, led by Freeman. Though their voices were not heard by politicians at the time, due to being women. These women were told their demands were not important enough for a floor discussion in Congress. After months of rejection, Freeman created a newsletter called the Voice of the Women’s Liberation Movement, which was spread across the nation. It became the name of the movement, and sparked the creation of other feminist organizations working for similar goals. This gave the movement power in numbers, as more women were speaking out for justice.
Photos from the sit in at the Ladies Home Journal.
brownmiller’s sit in susan brownmiller organized a sit in to advertise feminism in a magazine Susan Brownmiller was part of the Women’s Liberation Movement, who met to talk about women’s rights and create protests to push their concerns into society’s spotlight. Brownmiller created a plan where their group would dress as regular women to go to the Ladies Home Journal headquarters (a female magazine for housewives at the time), and perform a sit in. Women would progressively come during the day, and ultimately take
over the studio until they agreed to their plan. Brownmiller wanted the director of the magazine to agree to give the Women’s Liberation Movement a certain number of pages in their magazine. They debated for hours, and weren’t prepared to leave until their needs were met. He agreed to give them eight pages, and it was a win for the Women’s Liberation Movement.
Women’s Movement.
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Protestors that helped in the
EQUALITY AND THE TIME IS N.O.W. Without the internet, the world was a very different time, women across the nation had no idea about the Women’s Liberation Movement, without being in areas of their protesting or group meetings. Therefore women started creating pamphlets that spread their radical ideas across the nation. There were dozens of pamphlets created along with radical zines about concerns during the time. This helped to spread the movement across the country, and led to the creation of more feminist groups to support their cause. Without these publications, the movement would not have gotten the support it needed to spread their word across the nation, and in turn have power in numbers.
These pamphlets spread the movement across the nation, and allowed every women to have a window into a world of gender equality.
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advertising for the women’s liberation movement across the united states
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w o m e n ’ s l i b e r at i o n march on 5th avenue Another protest that the Women’s Liberation Movement created was one of the largest feminist protests during this time. It was a march on one of the most populated, busy streets in New York City. They chose to march on fifth avenue during a working day. The feminists didn’t care if they were going to be shut down, they just wanted people to realize that their movement was not going to be silenced, and that they would not stop until their voices were heard. People joined the protest from both genders, and let people see how the Women’s Liberation Movement was going to change the future of women’s rights.
a window in the world of of feminism
The founders of Ms. Magazine who caused a stir in the media with radical, feminist writing.
Ms. is a liberal, feminist magazine cofounded by activists Gloria Steinem and Letty Cottin Pogrebin. This was started in the United States during the second wave of feminism. It was also founded by Mary Thom, Patricia Carbine, Joanne Edgar, Nina Finkelstein, and Mary Peacock who were editors. It first came about in 1971 during the Women’s Liberation Movement, as a part of New York magazine. The first issue came about in January 1972, after being financed by Clay Felker, an editor, then it started to come monthly due to gaining an audience for the issues it spoke about. It was popular in the 1970s, and in 2001 it was published by the Feminist Majority Foundation.
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ms. magazine was a new era in the media, giving feminism a voice, and popularity
"no government has the right to tell its citizens when or whom to love. "
Rita Mae Brown led the long revolution in gay equality in the United States.
rita mae brown’s fight Brown actively took part in the American Civil Rights Movement after college, and in the 1960s, she took part in the anti-war movement, the feminist movement, and the gay equality movement. Brown was involved in the National Organization for Women, but left in 1970 after Friedan’s anti-gay remarks and N.O.W.’s attempts to stray from gay organizations. Brown spoke for gay rights, and helped with the “Lavender Menace” of the Second Congress to
Unite Women by protesting Friedan’s remarks and the exclusion of gays from the women’s movement. In the early 1970s, she helped found the Furies Collective, a lesbian feminist newspaper collective in Washington, DC, which said heterosexuality was the root of oppression. In 2008, Brown said in Time magazine that “I don’t believe in straight or gay...I think we’re all degrees of bisexual...I suddenly became the only lesbian in America.”
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rita mae brown helped to start the movement for lesbians
Various supporters of Gloria, and her efforts for feminism.
gloria steinem gloria steinem took over as leader of the women’s movement after friedan Gloria Steinem was born in 1934 in a regular household at the time where her mother was a housewife who chose to give up her career as a journalist. Steinem decided that’s not what she wanted to do when she got older. She originally moved to become a journalist after school and started to participate in feminism. She left her job as a journalist due to her boss telling her not to get involved in this radical movement, and realized that was her calling. She chose to pursue journalism by writing about feminism in Ms. Magazine. She initially was a spokeswoman for feminism in the 1960s and 70s, and then co. founded Ms. Magazine after publishing an article called “After Black Power, Women’s Liberation.” They gave her the fame as the leader of the Women’s Liberation Movement.
a new leader takes the stand
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new revolutions across the board how the womens liberation movement led to revolutions in television, media, and entertainment
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you’re gonna make it after all.
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- mary tyler moor e
a new star in hollywood Entertainment was changing during this time. Suddenly there were shows that depicted women in a new way, not as housewives, but as women fulfilling their own goals. Marlo Thomas saw that the attitudes of women were changing, and that women wanted to see strong women on television. She helped start “That Girl,” which was an American sitcom on ABC in the 1960s and 1970s. Marlo Thomas was the star of the show, playing Ann Marie, an aspiring actress, who moves to New York to try to live out her dreams. The show depicts her many temporary jobs to support herself while she tries to take on various auditions to find her dream job. The show was made by Bill Persky and Sam Denoff.
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“ t h e w o r k i n g g i r l”
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y ar mary tyler moore gave life to a real, new type of working woman on the big screen The Mary Tyler Moore Show, named after its star, was an American television sitcom made by James Brooks and Allan Burns that was on CBS during the 1970s. This was a revolution in television as a new show that depicted a single, independent woman with a career as the star. This changed the way women saw themselves after college. They no longer had the mind set that the goal was to start a family, but now they had a new television role model that made it popular to start of career. She made it okay for women to be successful and single. It was a popular show that received high ratings and positive critique nation wide. It also won many Emmys, and was later honored by the Writer’s Guild of America as one of the top ten American series’ of all time.
Mary Tyler Moore with her cast members on the show.
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barbara walters anchor and tv host Barbara Walters was born in 1929, and has a lasting legacy as an American broadcast journalist, author, and television star. She has hosted various television shows including Today, The View, 20/20, co-anchored the ABC Evening News, and was a contributor to ABC News. Walter started out as a producer and writer for “women’s interest stories” on the The Today Show, and later became the co-host. She became the first woman by that title for any network, and was certainly a pioneer in broadcast journalism for women.
Barbara Walters on the ABC News Show.
katie couric
oprah winfrey
anchor and tv host
tv host,
Katie Couric was born in 1957, and became a pioneer for female American journalism after being inspired by Barbara Walters. She is a journalist and author, and has served as the television host for the largest television networks in America. She worked for NBC, then CBS, follwed by ABC, and hosted a talk show by Disney ABC. She left a legacy in entertainment as co-host of Today, correspondent for 60 minutes, news broadcaster for three news channels, author of her best selling book, and was the female anchor of the CBS evening news. She has certainly earned her spot in the television hall of fame.
Oprah Winfrey was born in 1954, and was another pioneer of women in the media. She has worked as a media proprietor, actress, producer, talk show host, and philanthropist. She is most popular of her award-winning talk show called The Oprah Winfrey Show, which was the highest-rated program for almost thirty years. She has been ranked the wealthiest African American of the 20th century, and the best African-American philanthropist in America. She has received numerous awards, and has risen from poverty by working hard. She grew up in Mississippi, and started her career as a radio host in high school. She then co-anchored the local evening news, followed by a daytime talk-show arena, and then started her own production company. She has revolutionized female talk shows across the nation.
the stars breaking boundaries
Various stars entered the entertainment industry with nothing, and worked their way up to where they are today. They defied the norms, and set a new standard for the possibility of women in large positions on television and in the movies. Women used to be paid half of what men make, and wages are still not even today, though these women questioned their supervisors and fought for their rightly earned pay checks. These women fought for a seat at the table, and would not be silenced until their voices were heard on live TV. They laid the foundations for women in entertainment today, and became stars in roles that were traditionally only filled by men.
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these women pioneered gender rights in the e n t e r ta i n m e n t i n d u s t r y
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the revolution in womens sexuality changes spread across the nation in women talking about sex, and obtaining sexual rights
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if men could get pregnant abortion would BE a sacrament
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- gloria steinem
the new sexual awakening erica jong was one of the first writers who expressed womens views on sexuality Fear of Flying, by Erica Jong, was written in 1973. It was known for its controversial tone towards female sexuality, and became the start of a feminist movement for talking about women’s sexuality. The novel was about Isadora Zelda White Stollerman Wing, a 29-year-old writer of poetry books. It talks about her trip to Italy with her second husband, where she talks about sexual fantasies with another man. The story is about a woman struggling to find her identity, and expressing her sexuality. The response was both positive and negative. Jong was criticized by conservationists, though she had success by also connecting with an audience of women who felt unfulfilled in their marriages. Jong has said that there are parts of her own feelings in the novel, though it is not an autobiography.
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Birth control pill case.
the
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Birth control, known as contraception and fertility control, was certainly controvercial when it was first put on the market as a preventative for pregnancy.. This is because it changed the way women thought about sex. Suddenly women could plan pregnancies in their marriage, and single women had a new view on casual sex by enjoying it without worrying about getting pregnant. It certainly started the idea of family planning, and became more available as it was deemed a safe media for fertility control. Some areas limited its sale due to conservative views on its use, and some even went as far as to consider is as immoral. Though it sparked a sexual revolution in women, and led to the start of planned parenthood and other abortion centers where it would become more available.
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birth control revolutionized the way women thought about having sex.
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new 50/50 agreement domestic agreements to distribute chores based on equal gender roles As the Women’s Liberation Movement took full swing after protesting and advertising in the 1960s and 1970s, households across the nation started to change. This is because women began to apply these feminist ideas to their own relationships and marriages. Women decided that the only way it would be okay for them to stay in their relationships, was if they made an agreement with their partner to divide up their household duties with a 50-50 agreement. Many sat down with their significant other and divided up chores, errands, and expenses in order for the women to feel like the stereotype of “housewife� was no longer a part of their lifestyle. This sparked a revolution across the nation in terms of gender roles, and gave women more time to fulfill their own dreams of having careers.
our bodies ourselves women express their own views on sexuality in print Our Bodies, Ourselves is a novel that was published in 1971, that spoke about women’s health and sexuality. It was made by the Our Bodies Ourselves organization, which was a non-profit, and its goal was to spread information about women’s health, especially the new forms of abortion, pregnancy, and birth control It also spoke about gender identity, and new ideas about women’s sexual orientation. This novel also put sexual abuse as an issue on the table, that had not been as talked about before. It allowed women to question the relationships they were in, and fight for their rights. The book resignated with feminists, and was advocated by many women’s groups nation wide. The novel made millions, and the New York Times has called the book “America’s best-selling book on all aspects of women’s health.”
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sexuality in the media
The media became a large platform for revealing the truths about who was getting abortions in the United States. Celebrities on television shows would be fired if they had an abortion in order to protect themselves from falling ratings, as abortion was seen as negative during the time. Television shows even were criticized when one of the major characters on television almost had an abortion. This issue certainly divided the nation on if the issue was just or not. Even though it is a woman’s sole decision, it was as if it was the public’s choice of it is correct or not. This also sparked changes in entertainment as celebrities such as Madonna changed the way women used their sexuality, by using fashion and sexually provocative material in her music to help express oneself.
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various celebrities have caused debate about what views on sexuality are just in our society
The judges, lawyers, and speakers who were involved.
roe vs. wade Roe v. Wade occurred in 1973, and was a major decision by the Supreme Court on the issue of abortion. The Court ruled 7–2 that a right to privacy under the due process clause of the 14th Amendment applied to a woman’s choice to have an abortion. The Court ruled that “a person has a right to abortion until viability.” Roe v. Wade started a nation-wide debate on the issue of abortion, especially in terms of controversial religious and political perspectives. It sparked the nation to be divided into pro-life and non pro-life organizations based on preference.
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this trial was a catalyst in bringing the issue of abortion to the spotlight
free dom traBra burning protesting.
“when men are oppressed its a tragedy, when women are oppressed its a tradition.�
- letty pogrebin cofounder, ms. magazine
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the modern era of feminists a new era of feminists were born to carry on the legacy of their founders
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some leaders are born women.
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- geraldine ferraro
equality in education this law granted equality in education for women This act aimed to amend the Higher Education Act of 1965, Eighty-first Congress, the General Education Provisions Act, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Public Law 874, the Vocational Education Act of 1963, and etc. Title IX is a part of the Amendments of United States Education from the early 1970s, and was introduced by Senator Bayh. It was later called the Patsy Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act after its sponsor in the house. This law changed everything when it came to equality in sports and education for women.
The lawmakers working on the Title 9, which was a major feminist feat in terms of establishing gender equality in education.
Ruth Ginsburg, female judge in the Supreme Court, who was a powerhouse with helping to win the fight for gender equality in the judicial system.
UTHLES
Ruth Bader Ginsburg was born in 1933, and was a professor at Rutgers and Columbia. She was a very powerful women in the highest court in the land. She was an associate Justice of the Supreme Court, and was appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia. She is the second female justice (the first Jewish female justice). Ruth is seen as liberal, and has had a long career helping the cause for advancing women’s rights under the constitution. She is certainly an advocate for gender equality, and used her power to help the Women’s Rights Movement under the law. She has also volunteered to be a lawyer for the American Civil Liberties Union and was on the board of directors.
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GINSBURG WORKED TO CREATE LAWS FOR GENDER EQUALITY UNDER THE CONSTITUTION
GERALDINE FERRARO
PAT SCHROEDER
first female vice presidential candidate
first woman elected to congress from colorado
Geraldine Ferraro was born in 1935, and was from New York City. She served as an attorney (later becoming a part of the Special Victims Unit,) a school teacher, a Democratic Party politician, and a member of the United States House of Representatives. She left a legacy in politics as the first female vice presidential candidate representing a major American political party. Ferraro fought for legislation to work on women’s rights, especially in terms of equality on wages and employment.
Patricia Schroeder was born in 1940, and took a gamble by running for Congress during a time when women were not as prominent in politics, as their rightful place was “in the home.” She ended up being a former politician who represented Colorado in the United States House of Representatives from 1973–1997. She was a member of the Democratic Party, and was the first woman elected to Congress from Colorado. Schroeder helped to pioneer politics for women, and helped push for women’s rights in legislation.
the feminist pion
SHIRLEY CHISHOLM ran as first african american woman in congress Shirley Chisholm was born in 1924, and was a pioneer of politics for women. She was an American politician, teacher, and author. Chisholm represented New York as a Congresswoman for seven terms. In 1968, she was the first African-American woman elected to Congress. In the early 1970s, she became the first major-party black candidate for President of the United States and the first woman to compete for the Democratic presidential nomination.
neers in politics
“ BEEN DISCRIMINATED AGAINST MORE AS A WOMAN THAN AS AN AFRICAN AMERICAN.” - SHIRLEY CHISHOLM, POLITICIAN
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conservativist who led the republican movement in society to shut down e.r.a. at the texas convention
hilary clinton
condoleeza rice
secretary of state
politician and commentator
Hillary Clinton is from Illinois, attended Yale Law School, worked on the Congressional Council, and then married Bill Clinton. Clinton has a long history in politics as former United States Secretary of State, U.S. Senator, and First Lady of the United States. Clinton has previously represented New York in the U.S. Senate, was the wife of the 42nd President of the United States, along with being the leading candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in the past. Clinton has worked to improve health care, health insurance, adoption, and other social issues during her time. Clinton also had a very influential conference in Bejing where she spoke about human rights.
Condoleezza Rice is known for being an “American political scientist and diplomat.” She was a professor of political science at Stanford. She also has had a long political career as Secretary of State, being the first female AfricanAmerican secretary of state, and the second female secretary of state. She has served on the Bush’s National Security Advising team, being the first woman to serve in that role. Rice has left a legacy of helping to push Transformational Diplomacy forward in politics, by trying to spread democracy in the Middle East.
modern mavericks
nancy pelosi speaker of the house Nancy Pelosi was born in 1940, and was the Minority Leader of the United States House of Representatives and the 60th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. Pelosi is the only woman to have been the House Speaker, and is the highest-ranking female politician in the history of the United States. She is a democrat, is part of California’s district, and has served as the house minory for several years. She is the first woman to lead a major party in Congress. Pelosi was the first Democratic Leader of the Democratic House.
in american politics
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-HILARY CLINTON, 1995 BEIJING CONFERENCE
indra nooyi
meg whitman
ceo pepsico
ceo hewlett packard
Indra was born in 1955, and became one of the most powerful women in the world of commercial business. She is Indian born and assimilated to the American lifestyle after moving here. She was one of the first female executives, and worked hard in applying her business skills to the corporate landscape in order to prove that women could handle high titles in the business field. She is currently the chairman and chief executive officer of PepsiCo, which is the second largest food and beverage company in the world. Indra never let anyone get her down, and worked hard to achieve her success. She is easily one of the most powerful women in the world, and in 2014 was ranked 13 on Forbes World’s most powerful women.
Meg Whitman was born in 1956, and became one of the most powerful women in business as the chief executive officer of Hewlett Packard. She is from Long Island, graduated from Princeton University, and has a long history of work as a strong woman on the corporate landscape. She put her business skills to work formerly as the executive of Walt Disney, Dream Works, Proctor & Gamble, Hasbro, and eBay. Whitman was ranked 20th in Forbes list of the 100 most powerful women in the world. She has been asked to manage the government’s budget, and could potentially run for president in the future. Whitman is a candidate for the Governor of California, and has won the Republican primary in June 2010. She is one of the top five wealthiest women in the state of California, and has a net worth of $1.3 billion in 2010,
linda alvarado
mary wells
alvarado construction
mary wells lawrence
Linda G. Alvarado is the president and chief executive officer of Alvarado Construction. She defied gender standards by being a female who went out and started her own construction company. Alvarado Construction Inc., is a large commercial and industrial contracting and site management firm that both designs and constructs their projects. It is located in Denver, Colorado. Linda also in charge of Palo Alto Inc., Restaurant Company and is the co-owner of a baseball team called the Colorado Rockies. She is certainly a woman who believed in herself enough to take action on her own by taking on tasks in the work field that were originally only taken by men.
Mary Wells Lawrence was born in 1928, and was a pioneer of business for women. She was one of the most powerful women in advertising during her time, as advertising was one of the first fields women could have more power in. This is because agencies needed a women’s perspective in order to produce campaigns that could be targeted to a female audience. Wells created her own advertising agency, as the executive in charge, after the agency she worked at would not give her the title she rightly deserved because she was a woman. She was the first female CEO of a company that was on the New York Stock Exchange. Wells founded Wells Rich Green, an advertising agency that created revolutionary, innovative, and creative work during its time.
“it’s time to cheer on the girls and the women who want to sit at the table.” 116 I ch 5 I give an f
-sheryl sanberg, cooFACEBOOK facebook -SHERYL SANBERG, COO
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