Sukin - Final Project- Fabricademy 22/23

Sukin

-

スキン

dress responsibly, protect yourself, save the planet

Tomas Baquero

Fabricademy 2022/23

1. Project Description

2. Concept & Five w’s

3. Materials and Methodology

4. Performance test

5. Degradation Process

6. Spray Concept

7. Multilayered Material

8. Spray Gun for Body Spray

9. Final Testing

10. Final Project

11. References

Portfolio

Sukin -スキン . dress responsibly, protect yourself, save the planet

A solution toshieldyourskin and feel thefreedom ofa second skin

Sustainable: Sukin is a biomaterialmadefrom natural, sustainable sources reducing the impact ofsportswearon the environment

Health andsafety:Sukin eliminates theuse oftoxic chemicalsand provides a safer and healthier option for athletes and tness enthusiasts

Comfort: Sukin provides better comfort for athletes byallowing the skin tobreatheand preventing moisturebuild-up,reducingthe risk ofskin irritationandchang

Performance: Sukin couldimprovethe performance ofathletes byprovidingbetter stretch, durability, and exibility. Sukin can also regulatethebodytemperature, allowing athletes toperformbetter in a variety ofweather conditions whileitprotectsthem from Sun exposure

Fashion:Sukin can offer uniqueandinnovativedesignsthat arenot possible with traditional sportswearmaterials, providing an opportunity for athletes toexpress their personal style

Sukin -スキン

dress responsibly, protect yourself, save the planet

Sukin -スキン– Expanding Human senses

Concept – Biotechnology applied toSport Garments

Theidea…

I have alwaysbeen interested in materials and in sports and one ofthereasons why I got involved in theFabricademyprogram is because I would liketoworkordevelop a wearable with Biomaterials andapplicable in theSports eld. First I thought aboutincluding technology, andsensorsand circuitsthat could becool, butthen I realized that I did not wanted tocontributefrom this perspectiveas manytimes technology isobsoleteshortlyand the circuit components are thrown away, I did not wanttodevelop somethingthat at its end use willcontaminatetheenvironment. Everythingshallbethought tobedisposableafter its use without any impact in theenvironment, so thereis noneed tothinkaboutits takeback logistics or itsreuse.

Then I thought: OK , I will focus in biomaterials and biotechnology that interact with the human being while it is doing sports, either acting as a receptor of signals or either as an active actor sending inputs to the human body

From this perspective I thought: We all use clothes, and our clothes could be thought as a second skin, sending and receiving singals from/by the human body - and this is the poin t when Sukin was born

who

People who do sport Athletes

Sport Centers

Clothing Manufacturers

Perfume Manufacturers

Materials that work as a second skin expanding the human senses

Garments that show us what is happening to our body

Materials that interact as a second skin with the human sweat

Single use garments that Bio-degradate or Bio-decompose naturally after use

At the moment when people do exercise

Outdoor and Indoor environments where people exercise

why

The fashion industry is the second largest polluter of the environment.

The fast fashion segment aims at a fast production and disposal of clothing, slow fashion seeks timeless and durable garments

The environment is being affected and people's consumerist mentality does not change easily.

Current manufacturing process involve toxic substance and materials harmful to the environment and human beings

Last update: 2023-03-24

Process

Materials and Methodology

Taking into consideration the biodegradable condition, for the rst batch of material testing I started with Gelatins and cellulose based materials

Cinamon Gelatin (Collagen based):

Ingredients:

120 ml of water

24 gr of gelatin

15 - 24 ml of glycerol

Pinch of Cinnamon

Process:

This process was inspired in the Lecture of Week 6 - Bioplastics

Add a pinch of cinnamon to avoid mould

I prepared 5 different mould to test exibility and thickness:

Rate of 3/5 glycerol and gelatin – 2mm thickness

Rate of 1/1 glycerol and gelatin – 5mm thickness

Rate of 3/5 glycerol and gelatin – 2mm thickness

Rate of 1/1 glycerol and gelatin – 5mm thickness

Rate of 1/1 glycerol and gelatin – 5mm thickness – for degradation testing

Once the different moulds were casted, the samples were left 24h for drying

Once thesamples weredry, all ofthe samples were exible and wereeasyremoved from themould.

Thesamples with moreglycerin contentweremore exible

Surfaces in contact with themould werestickier than those exposed in thesurface

Transparency ofthe samples is inuenced bythe thickness ofthematerial

Allofthesample shrinked around 1mmafter thedryingprocess

The fth sample, was cut in halfand was put in sea water andin soil so thedegradation process can beobserved (see below results ofdegradation asa consecuenceoftime)

BioSlime (Cellulose CMC Based):

This process was inspired in the Chemat Book

Ingredients:

75 ml of Water

0 4 gr of Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), high viscosity, 1% solution in water

90 ml Glycerol

A pinch of cabagge pigment

Process:

To pre-prepare 900 ml of 1% CMC solution in water

Add 9 g of CMC powder to 900 ml of cold water and mix using a hand blender.

Let the mixture stand overnight. After complete dissolution, the mixture is a clear, viscous solution.

Method

Measure the water and dry MCC powder into a bowl and mix well using a hand blender

Add the 1% CMC solution and glycerol and mix well using a spoon (to avoid creating bubbles)

Add the pinch of cabagge pigment

Let the solution stand overnight

Pour the solution onto a non adherent mould (I used kitchen baking paper) and spread the mix evenly. Dry in an oven at 50 °C for one days until the sample is dry and touching leaves no ngerprints on its surface.

Results:

The slime obtained was extremely thin and it was uneven, probably it was not levelled correctly in the oven and it dried uneven

Theremoval process was difcult astheslime sticked andit was very fragile

Also, I identied that the drying process is a critical step in the manufacturing of this material.

The texture is veeeeery exible and a little sticky

Microcellulose lm (Cellulose CMC based):

This process was inspired in the Chemat Book

Ingredients:

200 ml of Water

1 gr of Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) powder

10 ml Glycerol

Process:

Measure the CMC and water into a beaker and mix together using a spoon

Place the magnet into the beaker and move the beaker onto a magnetic stirrer Turn on the stirrer, making sure that the magnet rotates evenly without touching the sides. Continue mixing for 3 hours

Add the glycerol to the beaker. Mix for 1 hour

Pour the mixture onto a petri dish as a 5 mm or thicker layer

Dry in an oven at 30–40 °C for several days

Results:

Themicrocellulose lmobtained was extremelythin andit could barelyseen because nopigmentwas used.

Theremoval process was difcult astheslime sticked andit was very fragile

Also,I identied that the dryingprocess is a critical step in themanufacturingofthis material

Thetextureis veeeeery exibleand a extremelysticky

SoftSponge(CelluloseCMC based):

This process was inspired in the Chemat Book

Ingredients for thepulpfoam:

6grPaper pulp(from pulp paper)

600ml ofWater

6mlofDishwashingliquid

Process for thepulpfoam:

Measure the water into a bowl.

Shred thepulp or paper into smallpieces and addthem tothewater.Let them soak for at leasta few minutes

Mix usinga hand blender until thepulp is evenlydispersed

Add dishwashingliquid and mix usingthehand blender until thefoam is even

Spreadonto a surfacefor dryingmesh

Dry overnight

Ingredient for theSoftSponge:

Pinch ofmicapowder

Process for the Soft Sponge:

Topre-prepare900 mlof1%CMC solutionin water - Add 9 g ofCMC powder to900 ml ofcoldwater andmix using a handblender.- Let themixturestand overnight. After complete dissolution, themixture is a clear,viscoussolution.

Method

Add thepulp tothewater and let it soakfor at least a few minutes

Disperse thepulp bres wellusinga handblender

Drain away250 mlofwater using ltration fabric

Add MCC, CMC solution, glycerol, and dishwashingliquid,micapowder andmix using a handblender until the foamis even

Dry in an oven at 40–60 °C overnight

Results:

The foam is amazing! The colour was great and it is really soft and spongy Also, it was easily removed from the mould

Pour the foamed mixture into a non-stick mould

BioInk Gelatin (Collagen based):

Ingredients: - 120 ml of water - 24 gr of gelatin - 15 of glycerol - Pinch of purple cabagge ink (refer Week 13 of my assignments for details on how to prepare this ink)

Process:

Same process as the Cinamon gelatin mix (see above)

When the mix is casted in the moulds, I prepared 3 different samples:

Adding few drops of ink into the gelatin mould without mixing

Adding more drops of ink into the gelatin mould without mixing

Adding few drops of ink into the gelatin mould mixing it

Results:

Test to be performed the First week of February :)

Carbon Active Gelatin (Collagen based):

Ingredients: - 120 ml of water - 24 gr of gelatin - 15 of glycerol - Pinch of active carbon powder

Process:

Same process as the Cinamon gelatin mix (see above). Replace cinnamon for carbon powder. This experiment is to evaluate the transparency of the gelatin

Results:

SunCream Gelatin (Collagen based):

Ingredients for the natural Suncream: - 1 spoon of coconut oil - 1 spoon of bee wax - 1 spoon of sunower oil - 5 teaspoon of Zinc Oxide – Each teaspoon add a Sun Protection Factor of 10

Process for the natural Suncream:

Melt the beeswax and the coconut oil in a bain-marie

Remove the mix from the heat and add the sunower oil and the zinc oxide Mix the ingredients and let it rest until it hardens a little and is ready to use.

Ingredients for the gelatin: - 120 ml of water - 24 gr of gelatin - 15 ml of glycerol - A spoon of natural suncream (see above preparation process)

Process for the gelatin:

Same process as the Cinamon gelatin mix (see above)

Mix the suncream with the gelatin before casting and vert it in the mould

Results:

It was expected that the gelatin and the sun cream will not mix as the gelatin is water based and the sun cream is oil based However, this was kind of my intention, to obtain a two layered material so that the person can apply in one side the suncream and in the other it is in contact with the air

However the results are great as after the drying process I obtained an homogeneous sample to be used

Mint Gelatin (Collagen based):

Ingredients: - 2400 ml of water with infused peppermint - 480 gr of gelatin - 300 ml of glycerol - Pinch of peppermint leaves

Process:

Boil water with the peppermint branches Then use this water for the gelatin mix

Mix all the ingredients at the time avoiding boiling temperature of the water In the case that bubbles or foam appear in the mix, try to remove them with a spoon. This will improve the quality of your biomaterial

This mix was casted in a large mould of 745 cm x 850cm to obtain a large layer of 3mm thickness.

Results:

The gelatin material was different than those obtained in the previous experiments :(

This lm was exible but stiffer than those previous ones

Due to the above, it was impossible to remove it from the mould without breaking it. It was very difcult and at the end it broke and I could not use it for the experiment I was planning to

Also,I tryed toput some naturalleaves embeded within thematerial tosee the nishing, but due tothedifcult proces toremovethis materialfrom themould,these parts with leaves werevery fragileanddid not workas expected

PerformancetestofCinamon Gelatinsamples–Interaction with Sweat:

So therewas me…Tryingtotestmy rstsamples andtheway I did it was ina footballgame.I tested the2 samples of 2mmthickness toevaluatehow these materialswillinteract with thehuman bodyina normal situationofa football game.

I glued thetwosamples over myskin in thechestusing microporetape. Then I woremyfootballjerseyontop ofthe materials.Parallel tothis,I measured thetime that I run together with thecalories burnt usinga Xiaomi tband 4.At thebeginningofthegameI though that thesamples weregoingtobelostin anymoment for a non controlled movement. However,whileI started tosweat, thegelatin started tomeltcreating a thin layer ofgelandthis prevented the samples tofall.

I played during65 minutes,burning413 calories and theresult with mysamples werethat they melta bit but they lasted – theydid not meltcompletely.

Thefeelingofthesamples was nice– same sensation as when you aresunburnt and you applyaloe veragel. This feelingmademethink: whatif this gel feltas refreshingas thealoeveraoras anaftershavegel?Or what if this gel released sunblock for skin care? This led metothenext experiments:)

Degradation Process:

Inorder toassess thedegradation process ofmysamples,I prepared twodifferentenvironments for degradation: Soil and Sea water obtained from BarcelonaSea :)

I amtakingpictures every 3 daysandso far this isthe result!!

I amextremelyhappywith myenvironmental friendlymaterials:)<3

Samplesweretestedinthesameprocedureasdescribedabove.

Materialdegradation in Soil and sea water

PerformancetestofBioInkGelatinsamples – Interaction with Sweat: BioInk Samples

TheBioInk changed the color with thepHoftheSweat.

Itwas brighter so it conrms the interaction oftheinkwith thesweat. This may leadtopotential applications for preventivecare!

PerformancetestofSunCreamGelatinsamples – Interaction with Sweat:

Theproduced samples werenon homogeneous because ofthewater based gelatin and theoil based suncream

For this reason,I did not proceed with this samples as it willnothavethedesired effect upon theinteractionwith the sweat

PerformancetestofMintGelatinsamples – Interaction with Sweat:

On Saturday when I cametotakethematerial toproduce thesport garment, I did notobtain theresults I was expecting.

Because ofthedryingprocess,thematerial was reallyadhered tothesurfaceofthemould andit was imposible to takeit. I tried with a bit ofwater,with a heat gun, slowly andafter 2 hours(I swearit was 2 hours!) I could onlyobtain thefollowing sample:

BioInk Samples after testing

With the restofthematerial revcored from the mould I willdissolveit, TAKINGADVANTAGE THATTHERE ISNO WASTE with these materials andreuse thegelatin for further experiments :)

!!!!! However,this happened during a weekendand I leftthe“waste”material wet andin a closed environment. The result : mold!

Recycled gelatin

Gelatin with mold

With this experience I learnt that the storage conditions are animportantfactor in the process,conrmingthat the dryingprocess is crucial for Bioplastics

On the other hand, totakeadvantageofthe material I obtained, I designed a garmentthat can beused for Yoga or running.

Sportsgarment produced with casting method

Spray Concept

After thefailed attempt toproducecastmaterials, I thoughtaboutmoreefcientway totakeadvantage ofthe materialif it is sprayed in theSkin.Bysprayingthe material you obtain a personalized garment that every personcan use on itsskin, the Bioplastic willinteract with thesweat, deliveringthecomponent embeded herein: suncream, bioink, electrolytes,etc.

Manufacturing ofa materialthatcould besprayed tocreatea materiallayer on the skin

First experiments with Spray

Theprevioussample did notworkasexpected as the suncreamand thegelatin arenot mixed homogeneously. So I prepared another recipe with gelatin and ZnO powders: Ingredients:

Ingredients:

120ml ofwater

24 grofgelatin

15 - 24mlofglycerol

5 teaspoon ofZincOxide– Each teaspoon add a SunProtection Factor of10

Pinch ofCinnamon

Homogeneous Mix

Drying proceess took like 1 minute with a fan Once cooled down, the texture is smooth and it is not sticky

For removal, I tryed to pull it out (which is feasible), but it nearly removed all the hair from my hands.

Succesful Spraydeposition ofmaterial in skin

Therefore, I proceeded to wash my hands with warm water and the bioplastic was removed smoothly

MultilayeredMaterial

Inorder totestthespray method, I decided tocreate a multilayered material with different layersofthespray. In order todifferentiate thedifferentlayersI decided touse Micapowder so that you can see red andwhitelayers

I sprayed a mould with 5 layers: white, red, white, red, white layers and I waited 2-3 minutes for each layer to dry before spraying the next one. At the end you can see that you can dene the thicknesss of the material by dening the number of layers you want to dress on

Multilayered Materialvia Spray method

1mm layers of Sukin

Spray Gun for BodySpray

Tomakeyourown your DIYSpray gun you need the following materials:

Materials:

10cm of3mmPlastic hose

1 reused plastic bottle with its cap

1 plastic pen

1 cutter

Silicon / silicon gun

Spray gun materials

First, open a holein thecap with thecutter andpass thehose thru it

Then open another holein themiddleofthebodyofthepen and pass the other endofthehose thruit

Finally, glue with silicone both ends (pen and bottle cap) and add the pen plastic cap to one end of the pen body– this will be the coupling to the air compressor.

Once the silicone is dry, you can pour your liquid into the bottle, connect your spray gun to the air compressor and your spray gun is ready to use.

Now that the spray gun is ready, I designed two different presentation of the product for Sukin: Manually sprayed and aerosol sprayed (conceptual design that will be used in the video preparation)

Spraygun connected totheair comressor

Manually (left) and aerosol (right) Spray oF Sukin

Final testing

I amreallyexcited!My nalproject is completeand it is ready tobeused!I sprayed thematerial onmybodyand waited until dry.

Havingfun, Doing exercise and wearing SUKINin thebeach

Atthis pointI noticed that due tothevertical positionofthebody, thewet material dripsandit shouldbemore adherenttothebody, thereforetheapplicationshall bewith the compressor for a better nishing ofthematerial over theskin

Inany case, I decided togotothebeach and havesome fun andprove that it effectivelyworked!

After this naltest, I concluded that thematerial:

Effectivelyprotectsfrom thesunand bad smellsduetoits ZnOcomponents

Itis breathable asthereis a thin layer on thebodyand when it is incontact with thesweat you feel a gel sensation andthematerialdoes not meltatall

After beingin contact with thewater,it doesn’t fadeawayinstantlyso it can beused in caseofrain without inconvenience - waterprooffor a short time

After itssingleuse, Sukin was effectivelyremoved andwashed in thesea withoutanypollutiontothe environment:)

People stared atmeall the timewonderingwhatI was wearing

Final Project!

Because themanikin is white, I added micapowder tothemix togetthis pink toneand now Sukin is readytobe sprayed in thebody!!

Sukin -スキン

References

• A second life for fruit and vegetable waste: a review on bioplastic films and coatings for potentialfood protection applications.

• Sustainable practices in slow and fast fashion stores: What does the customer perceive?

• Intensificationof yam-starch based biodegradable bioplastic film with bentonite for food packaging application

• https://class.textileacademy.org/2020/tasneem.hussain/projects/1.%20Project%20Overview%20/

• http://www.eldylazaro.com/

• https://www.iaacblog.com/programs/biocatalytic-cell/

• https://www.biobabes.co.uk/bio-lum-sac

• http://fabacademy.org/2020/labs/kamakura/students/toshikitsuchiyama/projects/lightingaccesories/