SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY ANALYSIS OF MIXTURES OF Mariposa christia vespertilionis LEAF AND Morinda citrifolia FRUIT ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS IN MALE SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS 1
Nurul Syahirah Ahmad Sayuti, 1Hazilawati Hamzah, 2Mohd Rosly Shaari, 1 Mohd Farhan Hanif Reduan, 1Aliyu Abdulahi, 2Shanmugavelu Sithambaram, 1 Noordin Mohamed Mustapha, 3Norhaizan Mohd Esa 1
Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. 2 Animal Livestock Research Cere, MARDI Headquarters, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. 3 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. *
Corresponding Author: nurulsyahirah0806@gmail.com
Mariposa christia vespertilionis (MCV) leaves and Morinda citrifolia (MC) fruits have acquired much attention among Malaysians, particularly cancer patients. Practitioners are concerned on the effectiveness and safety of the products and therefore the study aims to evaluate the toxicity effects of mixtures of MCV and MC in male Sprague Dawley rats in a 90-day subchronic oral toxicity study. A total of 36 rats were divided equally into six groups; control, 5% DMSO (vehicle), mixture of low dose MCV and MC (75 mg/kg), mixture of low dose MCV (75 mg/kg) and medium dose MC (125 mg/kg), mixture of medium dose MCV (125 mg/kg) and low dose MC (75 mg/kg) and mixture of medium MCV and MC (125 mg/kg). The extracts were orally gavaged daily for 90 days. At day 91, the rats were humanely sacrificed, and abnormalities in the blood profiles and organs were evaluated. There were no mortality observed in groups of rats received mixtures of MCV and MC. Weekly body weights, haematology and serum biochemistry also showed no significant (P>0.05) differences compared to control. However, significant (p<0.05) differences were observed for hepatic necrosis and number of activated kupffer cells in all herbal treated groups compared to control (from very mild to moderate scores). Kidneys showed significant (p<0.05) score for granular cast (very mild). In conclusion, mixtures of MCV and MC induced hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity, and the no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAEL) of MCV and MC mixture is lower than 150 mg/kg. Keywords: Mariposa christia vespertilionis, Morinda citrifolia, subchronic toxicity
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