November/December 2022 by Energy In Buildings & Industry

NOVEMBER � DECEMBER 2022

PROMOTING ENERGY EFFICIENCY

In this issue

Boilers & Burners CPD Module: District Heating Energy & Wellbeing Data Centre Management EMEX Show Preview

Create a healthier environment Lighting systems’ key role

Flying the flag for net zero EMEX returns to London

A major role to play

Don’t write off the gas boiler

NEWS � FEATURES � INTERVIEWS � REVIEWS � PRODUCT PROFILES � CPD MODULE � DIRECTORY � JOBS EIBI_1122_001_(T).indd 1

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eibi.co.uk

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PROMOTING ENERGY EFFICIENCY

In this issue

Boilers & Burners CPD Module: District Heating Energy & Wellbeing Data Centre Management EMEX Show Preview

Create a healthier environment Lighting systems’ key role

Flying the flag for net zero EMEX returns to London

A major role to play

Don’t write off the gas boiler

NEWS � FEATURES � INTERVIEWS � REVIEWS � PRODUCT PROFILES � CPD MODULE � DIRECTORY � JOBS EIBI_1122_001_(T).indd 1

eibi.co.uk

NOVEMBER � DECEMBER 2022

Contents

Richard Clifford, head of solutions at Keysource, believes huge savings can be made to data centre energy use through a thorough examination of IT use and careful planning at the design stage In our recent State of the Industry report which gathers the views and insights from over 250 IT directors in UK and Europe, 92 per cent of respondents stated they were concerned about the rising costs. For about half of respondents the answer is a move towards renewables and an increase in budget. Less than 50 per cent are looking at reviewing capacity requirements showing that there is a lack of focus on consumption. Photo courtesy of Keysource

SEE PAGE 34 for more details

DATA CENTRE MANAGEMENT 32 Response, renewables, & reputation

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On The Cover

www.eibi.co.uk

FEATURES BOILERS & BURNERS 13 Don’t write off the gas boiler

Greg Brushett believes gas boilers still have an important role to play in heating non-domestic buildings

14 A step towards sustainable heating A hybrid approach could help drive decarbonisation in commercial heating, believes Paul Hawkins

16 Key criteria for boiler selection

Data centre power demand is set to grow, which will require greater grid interactivity, believes Ed Ansett

34 Cut power and drive sustainability

Richard Clifford believes huge savings can be made to data centre energy use through a thorough examination of IT use

36 The sensor needs of data centres

Anu Kätkä looks at the special demands data centres have on monitoring equipment

EMEX 2022 PREVIEW 37 Flying the flag for net zero

The UK’s leading conference and exhibition will shortly open its doors once again at London ExCel

38 Look, listen and learn

Come listen to over 100 speakers including industry experts, leading practitioners, and key representatives from government

Tom Murray identifies some of the key factors to consider during the boiler selection process

REGULARS

Etienne Fourie looks at the innovative development of supercritical CO₂ technologies in industrial waste heat recovery

10 The Warren Report

18 Turn heat into power

06 News Update Are smart meter suppliers shirking their responsibilities when your VDU stops working?

20 ESTA Viewpoint

Governments, trade associations and their members can profit by working more closely together, says Mervyn Pilley

21 Fundamentals CPD Series 20.5 District Heating

ENERGY & WELLBEING

Joe McClelland takes a look at the growing benefits of district heating and cooling and its potential in the UK Sponsored by

27 Attack an escalating issue

Mark Bouldin examines indoor air quality in schools and calls for an overhaul of regulations

29 A better place to learn

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Treetops Free School in Essex is showing how the education sector is decarbonising

30 Flick the switch to lighting upgrades Debbie-Sue Farrell looks at how small changes can optimise a building’s operational efficiency

31 Products in Action 41 New Products 42 Talking Heads

Ellen Huelin takes a look at the proposed Part Z amendment to the Building Regulations and the concept of embodied carbon regulation 03

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EDITOR’S OPINION

The wrong campaign

Contributors inside this issue Andrew Warren

Mark Thrower Managing editor of Energy in Buildings & Industry

’ve just had the dubious pleasure of having a new boiler installed. Now, don’t write indignant e-mails saying I should have had a heat pump because that was just not possible. However, I chatted for some time with the installer about heat pumps. The company’s attitude was telling. They had little interest in getting into the market because of the expense involved and had had little public demand. Awareness and wariness of the cost of running and installing heat pumps were major factors. It seems that this attitude is not confined to this part of south east England. The latest statistics for the Boiler Upgrade Scheme – which offers up to £6,000 grants for the installation of a heat pump – reveal that fewer than 3,000 installations have received grant money since the programme

Energy in Buildings & Industry

PROMOTING ENERGY EFFICIENCY

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This issue includes photographs provided and paid for by suppliers

launched in May (see page 6). When the scheme was launched, it was hoped that it would help fund 90,000 installations over a three-year period, but the numbers suggest there would need to be a significant ramp up in applications for targets to be achieved. Phil Hurley, managing director of NIBE, has called for the government to invest more in promoting the scheme which has yet to benefit from a proactive marketing campaign. This would certainly do no harm but should be done in conjunction with a general energy-saving awareness campaign for this winter, something this government has for some reason

Huge amounts are being spent encouraging us to get a smart meter

EDITORIAL

Managing Editor MARK THROWER Tel: 01483 452854 Email: editor@eibi.co.uk

Address: P. O. Box 825, Guildford GU4 8WQ

ADVERTISING

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RUSS JACKSON Tel: 01704 501090 Fax: 01704 531090 Email: russ@eibi.co.uk Northern Sales Office: Argyle Business Centre, 8 Leicester Street, Southport, Lancashire PR9 0EZ

refused to do. In an interview on the ITV show Peston, the then Business Secretary, Jacob Rees Mogg, was challenged on why the UK was not seeking to reduce gas consumption like the German government. He stated that the UK was “very different”, noting that Germany had a “great deal of gas storage, so cutting energy usage in Germany today is helpful because it preserves their storage.” The UK, by contrast, has “much better flows in,” he said. “If you cut energy use today, you save yourself money. But that energy saved is not being stored for next week.” It means that the government has no real strategic concern or desire to reduce consumption. However, huge amounts of money are being spent on encouraging us to install a smart meter. You can hardly turn the television on without being confronted by an Albert Einstein lookalike urging us all to get a unit which might help us save money. Far more useful would be campaigns to encourage heat pump uptake and practical steps for businesses and households to cut energy use.

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ADMINISTRATION & PRODUCTION FRAN CRITCHLOW Tel: 01889 577222 Email: info@eibi.co.uk

Chairman of the British Energy Efficiency Federation

Tom Murray

Head of specification at Baxi Commercial Solutions

Mervyn Pilley

Executive director of ESTA (Energy Services and Technology Association)

Mark Bouldin Clean air expert at Johnson Controls

27 Anu Kätkä

Global product manager, Vaisala Industrial Measurements

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NEWS UPDATE

Committee under attack for energy policy criticism

Parliament’s official advisory body, the Committee on Climate Change, has been attacked by climate minister Graham Stuart for creating “obfuscation and smoke” about the UK’s climate credentials. Over recent months, the Committee’s chair Lord Deben (himself a former Conservative environment secretary) has been warning incessantly about the absence of effective short- and medium-term policies to deliver sufficient reductions in greenhouse gases to provide a convincing roadmap towards the official net zero emissions targets. He has singled out agriculture and the building stock as areas where the Government is still failing to produce effective and consistent programmes. For instance, he frequently points out that the number of homes being insulated has dropped by 90 per cent over the past decade, even though the UK is acknowledged to have one of the least energy efficient building stocks in the developed world. In an address to the Aldersgate Group, Stuart called out “blowback” to the government’s climate change policy. He called on “all actors” to rally behind the UK’s climate policies, and counter any criticism of the UK’s climate standing. “We are a world leader, with the best framework and best performance.” He stressed the government’s commitment to the 2050 targets: “I should make clear today the Prime Minister and government’s commitment to delivering net zero remains”. In his address, Stuart insisted that “every bit of oil and gas that we are going to be burning “ was “perfectly green”, because “every bit that we burn, we should make sure has the lowest emissions around. Ours typically does.” However, according to unpublicised statistics issued last month by the Government, the UK is currently on track to miss its legal climate targets to cut greenhouse gas emissions in the mid 2030s “by a huge margin.” New Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) figures show that “with existing and near-fully planned policies,” the UK is set to produce nearly double the amount of emissions as it should be doing under its 2030s goals. This is precisely what the Committee on Climate Change have been warning. 06

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For all the latest news stories visit www.eibi.co.uk

pre-pandemic levels, and the second lowest since 2005. The transport sector showed the strongest annual growth in 2021 following the lifting of restrictions on mobility, with a reported increase of 6.7 per cent in final energy consumption compared to 2020. As industrial activity recovered in 2021, consumption in industry grew by 3.3 per cent from the previous year. However, the most remarkable rebound was observed in buildings, aided by particularly cold weather. The estimated 4.8 per cent increase

in energy consumption of buildings in 2021 largely surpassed the drop in 2020 (-2.5 per cent), taking this sector back to 2017 levels. Looking at the longer-term trends, total consumption reductions since 2005 have been around 9 per cent, during which time the share of renewable energy in the EU has more than doubled. Other factors have influenced energy demand in Europe, such as energy saving measures, transformation improvements, economic activity and a changing climate. Since 2005, final energy consumption has decreased by an average of 0.5 per cent annually. At this rate, the EU is unlikely to meet its 2030 energy efficiency target of a reduction of 32.5 per cent compared with projections of expected energy use in 2030. The European Commission is proposing a second set of amendments to the Energy Efficiency Directive with the more ambitious target of 36 per cent consumption reductions by 2030, paving the way for the overall goal of carbon neutrality by 2050. Over the long-term, 26 out of 27 Member States decreased their consumption between 2005 and 2021, with Greece, Portugal and Spain achieving the largest reductions.

were for replacing heating systems in domestic properties. When the scheme was launched, it was hoped that it would help fund 90,000 installations over a three-year period, but the numbers suggest there would need to be a significant ramp up in applications for targets to be achieved. Phil Hurley, UK MD at NIBE Energy Systems, comments: “I think it is an ambitious aim for the

87,109 remaining vouchers to be redeemed and all installations completed by April 2025 without a real push from industry and the government. At this rate, we would need to be hitting 2809 per month to make up for lost time!” He has called for the government to invest more in promoting the scheme which has yet to benefit from a proactive marketing campaign.

EUROPEAN ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Energy use grows in 2021 but European trend is downwards

After an extraordinary drop in energy consumption in Europe in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the EU’s final energy consumption grew by 5 per cent between 2020 and 2021, according to the European Environment Agency. This represents the highest annual increase since full records are available (1990). The increase can be largely attributed to the economic recovery and lifting of pandemic restrictions. Despite this increase, the absolute consumption level reached in 2021 (952m tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe)) was still below

Boiler Upgrade Scheme falling short of targets

The latest statistics for the Boiler Upgrade Scheme – which offers up to £6,000 grants for the installation of a heat pump – reveal that under 3,000 installations have received grant money since the programme launched in May. By the end of September, 2891 grant applications had been received and paid, the vast majority of which (96 per cent) have been for air source heat pump installations. The statistics also reveal that the highest number of redemptions have been in the South West and South East, accounting for just under 40 per cent of transactions, while gas has been the most common fuel type to be replaced (around 49 per cent). For those vouchers that have been redeemed, the median cost of a BUS installation of an ASHP was £12,869, with a median capacity of 10kW. All but eight of the projects funded so far

EIBI | NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2022

09/11/2022 12:16

NEWS UPDATE

For all the latest news stories visit www.eibi.co.uk

ENERGY PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATES

In Brief

Government backtracks on social housing standards A cross-party Government defeat in October in the House of Lords should have ensured that by 2030 every social housing tenant lives in a home that is rated in energy performance certificates (EPCs) terms as C or above. However, the government now is stating merely that it intends only to “consult” on the principal of introducing any energy standards in the social rented sector, the start of which will be delayed until six months after the Social Housing Regulation Bill -the Bill amended in the Lords gaining royal assent next summer. It is not entirely clear upon what topics this extra “consultation” on social housing reaching EPC grade C by 2030 is supposed to concentrate. The formal Government policy was clearly enunciated in the Clean Growth Strategy published in April 2018. This stated categorically that it wishes to see all social housing achieve C standard by 2030. The

Clean Growth Strategy itself was only developed after extensive consultation with interested parties. Similarly, precisely how EPCs are calculated has long been established, again following detailed consultation. All EPC reports include specific recommendations setting out what measures are needed to make the appropriate improvements. So the main result that holding yet another such consultation could achieve is to delay the time before all social housing providers understand that this deadline is for real, and that they therefore need to be adopting detailed plans to deliver these benefits to all their tenants by 2030. In this context, it is worth remembering that, following publication of the Clean Growth Strategy, the Government held another, separate, consultation over two years ago, regarding bringing all privately rented properties up to Band C by

Google to source 1GW from solar installations

2026. In this case, so dilatory has Government been subsequently that it has yet to publish any response at all to that 2020 consultation. This has increased calls from private sector landlords to delay further the official 2026 start date to ensure compliance. In its Lords statement, the Government says that its “support is important to delivering energy efficiency.” This autumn, up to £1.5bn was made available through further commitments to the Social Housing Decarbonisation Fund which will “help to make energy efficiency upgrades to around 130,000 low-income offgas grid and social households.”

Geothermal energy ‘can meet 100 per cent of UK’s heating’

There is enough geothermal energy in the UK to meet 100 per cent of the country’s annual heating demand, but the government has been slow to exploit its potential and has not integrated it into net zero strategy. This is according to the Environmental Audit Committee, which has written to BEIS saying that developing the geothermal energy sector could be transformative for the UK’s capacity to meet climate goals, use homegrown energy and grow the economy.

Move energy efficiency ‘from pilot to profitable’

The Sustainable Homes & Buildings Coalition is calling on government and industry to work together to move energy efficiency from pilot to profitable, from difficult to desirable, and from piecemeal to prominent. ‘Home is Where the Heat is – Progress Report’ sheds light on the importance of customer-centric approaches to the home retrofitting industry, by showcasing the real-life EIBI | NOVEMBER � DECEMBER 2022

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Evidence presented to the committee showed that when used with a heat pump, geothermal offers small scale heating anywhere in the UK. Furthermore, the range of

geological formations available in the UK can serve many different purposes on a larger scale, such as in district heating. Environmental Audit Committee chairman, Philip Dunne MP, said: “In its efforts to make the UK’s energy market more resilient, it is surprising that the Government appears to have overlooked the potential of geothermal energy. The Committee heard that geothermal energy could more than satisfy the UK’s current heating demand.”

experiences of nine households from Tyne & Wear to Pontypool. Focusing on the first three parts of a five-phase process, the Coalition provides an appraisal of some of the stumbling blocks and learnings experienced as they accompany the nine households on a journey to energy efficiency. Some of the learnings are concerning but well known, especially around the clunkiness of the customer journey, the opacity of funding options and supply chain shortages. Other insights, especially on Energy Performance Certificates and their bias towards certain solutions like solar PV

rather than newer technologies, and the benefits of digitising them, need urgent action now. The report indicates that EPCs are an increasingly important factor when buying a home, with EPC ratings now seen as more desirable than access to public transport, according to the Q3 edition of NatWest’s Greener Homes Attitude Tracker. The report also emphasises the strong and growing public support for energy efficiency – highlighting that 68 per cent of homeowners are planning to make energy efficiency improvements to their home in the next decade.

Google is on track to source almost a gigawatt of renewable energy from solar to power its data centres in Texas. The tech giant has agreed a deal with the US arm of Japan’s SB Energy Texas to purchase around 75 per cent of the renewable energy generated on four future solar projects. Known as Orion 1-3 and Eiffel, the solar developments will have a capacity totalling 1.2GW and are expected to be operational by mid2024. The plan is part of Google’s aim to operate on 24-7 carbon-free energy by 2030.

Government invests in battery innovation

The UK government has announced it will invest £211m via the Faraday Battery Challenge to innovate and make the country a leader in battery technology. The Challenge, which began in 2017, supports scientific technology development and manufacturing scale-up capability for batteries in the UK. It will help to seize on opportunities for private investment and economic growth in industries where powerful, fast charging batteries will be essential – such as domestic energy storage and electric vehicles.

Airbnb launches fund to help energy efficiency Airbnb has launched its Sustainable Hosting Plan, including a £1m fund to support hosts with energy efficiency improvements, like fitting insulation and replacing an old boiler. The aim is to help them cut carbon emissions while making long-term savings on energy bills. Working with the Energy Saving Trust, Airbnb will provide a personalised home energy efficiency check and action plan for all hosts including information about potential steps they can take to improve the efficiency of their home. Hosts interested in making improvements will be connected to local installers and receive a grant of £1,000, or £3,000 if they are a Superhost and apply before the 31st of January, towards their renovation bill.

09/11/2022 13:54

NEWS UPDATE

France looks to block rental of poorly insulated properties

France will seek to block poorlyinsulated housing from being listed on short-term rental platforms such as Airbnb, the French minister for housing and cities promised. As soon as January 1, 2023, when the country’s climate law rules enter into force, landlords will no longer be authorised to put the most poorly insulated apartments and houses — referred to as “thermic colanders” in French — on the long-term rental market. The government wants to ensure some of the units, labelled E, F or G under the energy performance diagnosis, don’t instead end up on the short-term market. “It is out of the question to allow hiding behind the prohibition to rent [such housing] by transforming residences into furnished touristic accommodation,” housing minister Olivier Klein said. France’s climate laws target poorly insulated housing because it causes increased energy consumption, as residents attempt to heat the space. By 2034, all poorly insulated apartments and houses — labelled E, F and G — will gradually be banned from the long-term rental market. Ian Brossat, Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo’s deputy for housing, welcomed the minister’s statements and said that “for months, we have been warning about this scandal.”

THE

ENERGY

SAVING AWARDS

The industry has made its choice!

The industry’s votes have poured in, been counted and the winners of the first ever Energy Saving Awards will soon be unveiled. The inaugural awards event is set to take place at the Tower Hotel in London at a glittering lunchtime ceremony on Thursday 1st December. In the next issue we will be able to reveal the 08

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SEPTEMBER USE DROPS 20 PER CENT

Gas consumption plummets in German industry, households The German industrial sector saw gas consumption fall by nearly a fifth in September 2022, nearly five times the 4 per cent drop seen in the same month last year. Against the backdrop of Russian gas supply freezes and the ensuing energy crisis, manufacturing industries saved 6TWh in its processes in absolute terms during September, saving 19 per cent year-on-year compared to September 2021. These are the new findings by a team of researchers at the Berlinbased Hertie School’s Centre for Sustainability, which also showed that German private households

and smaller commercial customers made substantial reductions in gas consumption starting in March and reaching as much as 36 per cent in September of this year. To cope with the high costs, industry

operators charged more for their output, switched to alternative fuels or substituted energy-intensive products with imports. The International Energy Agency estimates that Europe-wide industrial gas demand fell by 25 per cent in the third quarter compared to the same time last year. Analysts say widespread shutdowns were likely the reason for the drop, because efficiency gains alone would not produce such savings. The authors of the Hertie School study highlight the implications of its findings for public policy, saying: “Prices are an effective means of coordinating and incentivising demand reductions. This implies that energy subsidies, many of which have been hastily introduced to mitigate the crisis, drive up natural gas consumption, which in turn will further inflate prices.”

Europe’s property managers speed up energy efficiency plans

The majority (80 per cent) of European commercial real estate asset managers are accelerating plans to improve energy efficiency across their property portfolios to help deal with the energy crisis and rising energy bills. Around 250 European commercial real estate asset managers in the UK, Germany, France, Spain and Italy were surveyed by Deepki, the data intelligence firm. A majority said they are experiencing huge energy cost increases within their portfolios.

Over half (53 per cent) of those questioned said they had seen energy costs rise by over 51 per cent across their commercial real estate portfolios. Of these, 18 per cent cited a massive increase of between 71 per cent and 90 per cent in the cost of their energy. The need for more energy efficient commercial buildings is also highlighted by the increase in the green premium – the higher pricing power of more sustainable buildings. The research reveals that over half

(56 per cent) are seeing an uplift of 11-15 per cent and a further 28 per cent said they had experienced a 5 per cent-10 per cent value enhancement. At the other end of the scale, 82 per cent expect the energy crisis to cause an increase in unoccupied buildings which do not perform well when it comes to energy efficiency. Those assets with poor energy efficiency will also be sold more quickly than originally planned, according to 81 per cent of respondents.

names of all those who have won acknowledgement from their industry colleagues. Organised by Energy in Buildings & Industry, in partnership with our sister publication, PHAM News, the new event is designed to celebrate the very best professionals, products and projects across the energy management, plumbing, and HVAC sectors. The awards have been created to acknowledge the important work that has been achieved by manufacturers, installers, contractors, suppliers and organisations to reduce carbon emissions and become more energy efficient. Voters have been choosing the best products, projects and individuals across 12 categories including Commercial Heating Product of the Year, Public Sector Project of the Year, and Water Saving Commercial Project of the Year. Among the names in the running for an award that are familiar to the energy-saving sector include

Lochinvar, Viessmann, Munters, and Zumtobel Lighting. Begin the Christmas season by celebrating the achievements of the energy-saving sector. A limited number of tickets remain available for the awards ceremony. The tickets will include: ● access to an exclusive drinks reception; ● three-course meal with half a bottle of wine per person; ● high profile awards ceremony; ● entertainment throughout the event, host to be announced; ● an opportunity to network with peers, clients and friends. An individual ticket is £295.00, with a table of ten £2,650. Many thanks to the sponsors of the Energy Saving Awards without whose support the event could not take place:

install products for over 40 years, making the company the fourth largest boiler manufacturer in the world.

Navien

Navien has been designing and manufacturing reliable and easy to

Clivet

Clivet Group UK Ltd is part of Clivet SpA, the Italian company with over 30 years of experience on research and development of innovative, specialised air conditioning systems for different destinations. The sustainable solutions for climate Versatemp water sourced heat pumps, chillers, control systems and more.

Pegler

Part of the Integrated Piping Systems Division of Aalberts N.V., Pegler is one of the leading manufacturers of advanced plumbing, heating and engineering products in the world. Energy and water conservation is very much at the forefront of product development. EIBI | NOVEMBER � DECEMBER 2022

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So what happens when your screen goes blank?

The proliferation of smart meters should be a boon for domestic energy efficiency. But suppliers are shirking their responsibilities when your VDU stops working Andrew Warren Chairman of the British Energy Efficiency Federation www.inca-ltd.org.uk

mart meters have now been installed in well over half of British homes. Those masterminding achievement of our “Net Zero emissions by 2050” target regard such meters as the absolutely pivotal component of ensuring that the building stock (45 per cent of energy consumption) delivers. Shorter term, National Grid will be depending upon them to send accurate time signals to householders to avoid blackouts this winter. Smart meters are a boon to energy companies. Originally, they had very limited knowledge of customer behaviour. But now are acquiring precise details of how much electricity and/or how much gas we are using at any given moment of the day. Which helps enormously with efficient load management. In exchange, 13.66m of we householders are able to use the screen provided to us by the energy companies, to see from minute to minute just how much fuel we are using. And, certainly according to the Smart Meter GB publicity campaign funded by the energy companies, adjust our usage accordingly, thereby saving ourselves some money along the way. At one time, this campaign was claiming that just these meters were even helping us combat climate change. That would be absolutely splendid. Apart from one complication. It assumes that the in-home display (frequently called a VDU, or Visual Display Unit) installed by energy companies is still working. And, from my experience, that is all too often, simply no longer true.

Householder's responsibility

When the VDU screen goes blank, it is not up to the energy supplier to repair or replace. It is entirely up to the individual householder to be pro-active, if necessary, to purchase a 10

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replacement and arrange for a skilled tradesman to install it. The indefatigable Green MP for Brighton, Caroline Lucas, obviously got wind of this. Back in July she asked an apparently bland Parliamentary Question, “whether it remains policy that energy companies should repair or restore malfunctioning smart meter visual display units installed in homes.” To which the junior Minister (at the time), Graham Stuart, replied in midOctober, that “when energy suppliers install a smart meter in a household, they are required to offer the customer an In-Home Display (IHD). Energy suppliers also have an obligation to provide support for IHDs, including a repair or replacement where necessary, within the first year of installing a consumer’s smart meter.”

11/12.2022

THE WARREN REPORT

Twelve-month guarantee

Note that last phrase. Yes, the energy supplier has a responsibility to do something about it when the VDU malfunctions. But not if it has been in place for a day over 12 months. This is a disgrace. I cannot think of any other consumer product for which the guarantee runs out after just one year. After which, the suppliers take no responsibility for whether it is working or not. It certainly doesn’t say much for each energy company’s confidence in the durability of the products they themselves have installed. Let alone one from which the supplier continues to draw so many benefits at their end. Because what every participating householder is doing is to provide these, frequently enormous, supplying companies with some very commercially useful information about our energy-related purchasing habits.

Additionally, every smart meter installed enables the energy supplier to cut back on the number of people it employs, either directly or indirectly. Not so long ago, each householder enjoyed regular visits from the gas meter reader or the electricity meter reader (seldom simultaneously). These have now just about all gone. But arguably even more jobs have been lost within the telephone answering staff. It used to be that each energy company had so many telephone staff employed to deal with angry customers arguing that their estimated bill was grossly overcharging them. Every bill issued to a household with a smart meter installed will by definition be accurate. Negotiations over estimated bills have ceased.

Clunky and old fashioned

Nobody collates statistics about how many homes have a useless display unit

There are 9,275m of the original SMETS-1 meters which have been installed. Even while this was happening, it was acknowledged that these meters were clunky and old fashioned. And it seems they seldom continued working when the customer changed supplier. Which, at the time, the Government kept encouraging us all to do. Today, we have 13.2m SMETS-2

meters installed. Now the only people changing supplier are those whose energy supplier has gone broke, and at the behest of the regulator OFGEM, are transferred unilaterally to one of the large surviving suppliers. A transfer that, in my own case, overnight has seen a blank screen replacing a previously very useful two-year-old VDU. I suspect I am not unique; but it seems that nobody at all is monitoring this situation. Nobody collates statistics about how many households are staring at a totally useless in-home display unit. Not OFGEM. Not the Government. Not Energy UK Not Smart Meters GB. Not even the (utterly obscure) energy ombudsman, based in Warrington. It may of course be that all the rest of these ageing VDUs are still functioning well. But that decision to adopt just a one-year guarantee implies a lack of confidence in their longevity. Remember that as you see Smart Energy GB’s latest full page colour ads in all the biggest selling magazines, with an Einstein lookalike staring precisely at a fully-functioning VDU. And then reflect upon the ad’s pertinent strapline: “It’s easier to save energy when you can see the energy you’re using.” Quite so. ■ EIBI | NOVEMBER � DECEMBER 2022

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BOILERS & BURNERS

Don’t write off the gas boiler

With the role of hydrogen still vague in the UK’s decarbonisation plans, Greg Brushett believes gas boilers still have an important role to play in heating non-domestic buildings Greg Brushett UK sales manager, Adveco www.adveco.co

Decarbonise operations

ecarbonising UK commercial properties is an immense challenge. They are directly responsible for nearly onefifth of the UK’s carbon emissions and, since domestic hot water (DHW) can account for as much as a third of a business’ routine energy demands, addressing emissions from hot water generation should be on an organisation sustainability agenda. In response there are two broad UK-wide strategies: either installation of heat pumps to drive electrification, or, for properties on the existing gas network, switch over to hydrogen as a low-carbon alternative to natural gas. The number of commercial properties is set to continue to grow, and though these new builds are opting for electric-only applications, existing buildings face a number of issues, not least the capital expenditure required to modernise services and the increased operational costs from implementation. For this reason, unlocking the potential of hydrogen represents a familiar, easier and more cost-effective way to transition to more sustainable heating practices in buildings. The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), recently estimated hydrogen will cover up to 12 per cent of global energy demand by 2050 from virtually nothing today.

Hydrogen-based technologies

In the UK, the status of hydrogen remains to be confirmed as part of the government’s push towards attaining net zero by 2050. The Heating and Buildings Strategy published in late 2021 does however give an indication of the growing support for hydrogenbased technologies, as does continued government investment in its feasibility. Currently, when comparing average non-domestic gas to electricity tariffs, electricity will cost as much as four and a half times that of gas, making gas the more cost-effective option. Yet it fails to deliver a clear investment EIBI | NOVEMBER � DECEMBER 2022

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noticeable change in how gas is used within the property. For commercial organisations which have recently invested in, or plan to refurbish, existing nonhydrogen-ready gas appliances, the most recent condensing gas-fired models currently on the market should already be able to burn natural gas with a blend of up to 20 per cent hydrogen without requiring any modification.

in sustainability unless hydrogen is used to decarbonise. That also comes with a number of advantages given the equipment remains familiar to operate and manage. It should ensure capital costs remain lower, while decarbonisation can be accelerated within a property. For those wishing to adopt the hydrogen approach, there remains a question mark over how quickly, where, and in what proportion, hydrogen will be introduced into the gas grid. With the ultimate aim of introducing 100 per cent green hydrogen via the existing gas network, gas water heaters and boilers will need to be factory configured to burn hydrogen only. Or be hydrogenready, whereby natural gas-compliant appliances can be converted to operate on hydrogen only in the future. These appliances, with the exception of some regional test deployments of hydrogen, are not expected to be actively used with 100 per cent hydrogen until well into the 2030s at the earliest, with a potential national roll-out predicted for the 2040s.

For the next decade or even further the gas boiler will have a role to play in the heating of the UK's commercial buildings

Safer, greener gas alternative

As an interim, the UK is assessing the potential for introducing hydrogen into the existing gas network as a blend at 20 per cent volume to deliver a safer, greener gas alternative that reduces carbon emissions. A blended gas grid has the potential to become a reality by the late 2020s, enabling organisations to become used to working with hydrogen as an energy source with less disruption and no

There's a question mark over when hydrogen is introduced

As hydrogen blending becomes commonplace, this then delivers on the desire to decarbonise operations in the easiest and most cost-effective manner as a business user. When these require replacement a wider choice of more advanced, proven and lower-cost hydrogen-ready and 100 per cent hydrogen appliances for commercial applications will be available on the market as the gas network matures and greens. Gas-fired commercial water heating, therefore, remains a proven and futureproof choice for the working lifespan of current-generation appliances. Not only practical and lower cost to operate, these also deliver a way to introduce a degree of sustainability in the interim before hydrogen can make a real impact. With modern building regulations, it is likely that a commercial hot water system, whether it uses gas or electricity, will still also require a low-carbon preheat source to reduce carbon emissions. For properties with an existing gas connection employing solar thermal can be extremely effective in reducing reliance on the existing gas boiler, cutting as much as 30 per cent of the annual energy demands for water heating. Fortunately, solar thermal also lends itself to working in conjunction with not only conventional or blended gas heating but also other renewable technologies including air source heat pumps. This enables a variety of bespoke, hybrid applications to be considered to meet the varied demands of existing commercial buildings. Despite the reliance on fossil fuel, the latest generation of gas water heaters and boilers provide a realistic and lower cost option for organisations already connected to the gas grid to leverage technology that offers higher efficiency operation for lower energy consumption and critically ultra-low carbon and NO˟emissions. For the next decade or so, they still have an important role to play. ■ 13

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BOILERS & BURNERS

A step towards sustainable heating Could a hybrid approach help drive decarbonisation in commercial heating? Paul Hawkins explores the role of mixed technology solutions in this demanding sector Paul Hawkins Commercial sales manager at Vokèra by Riello www.vokera.co.uk

iven the fact that heating our buildings accounts for a high proportion of carbon emissions, the search for climate-friendly systems to cut these emissions to net zero by 2050 is becoming increasingly urgent. However, this challenge also comes at a time when more and more businesses are struggling to survive in the face of rising costs, particularly record high energy prices. In these difficult times, regardless of the potential energy savings, some companies simply cannot consider investing in more sustainable heating methods that might not deliver the same performance or reliability as their existing traditional system.

Critical to decarbonise

Given the rather unpredictable UK weather, technologies that rely on latent temperatures like solar power for instance may not be sufficient to meet a building’s energy demands. However, we also know that decarbonising heat is critical to meeting the UK’s carbon emissions target. If we apply the hybrid car analogy, could systems that effectively integrate traditional and renewable energy sources provide an answer to this dilemma – a low-carbon system that is also reliable? And could this combination also provide a futureproof system that can transition to using a clean fuel source like hydrogen at some point? The combination of high efficiency condensing boilers and renewable technologies offer a balance between cutting a building’s CO₂ emissions and performance. In this type of hybrid system a commercial boiler works alongside renewable energy sources as a sort of ancillary system 14

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Hybrid system, when properly designed and commissioned, can be of huge benefit towards building decarbonisation

– the boiler only kicks in when the renewable source is unable to match demand. New developments in gasfired commercial condensing boilers include energy-saving features such as advanced electronic controls and a wide modulation ratio for optimum efficiency. Some are also designed to be fully integrated with renewable energy sources, such as ASHPs, to create a climate-friendly solution that will meet the critical heating and hot water demands of a variety of commercial applications.

Total hybrid package

A number of manufacturers, including Riello, can now offer a total hybrid package from a range of fully integrated heating products, including versatile modular condensing boilers, ASHP, and advanced electronic controls. The latter will ensure the most appropriate energy source is being used for optimum efficiency, whilst also allowing the heat pump and boiler to operate in tandem so either

The challenge comes at a time when businesses are struggling

source can take over when required to maintain desired heating levels. As a further benefit, being able to source a complete solution from a single supplier also has significant benefits for specifiers and contractors as it simplifies the supply chain and enables efficiencies in ordering, administration and delivery. Needless to say, hybrid systems incorporate relatively new technologies that even experienced HVAC professionals may not be so familiar with. Although it is now growing, the take-up of heat pumps is quite low in the UK. Whilst not wishing to generalise, this means that the level of expertise in specifying and installing these products tends to be less extensive as it is in, say, Scandinavia where they are widely installed. So, let’s take a look at some of the key considerations when it comes to the design and specification of a hybrid heating system featuring, for example, an ASHP.

Different temperatures

Although the basic ‘rule of thumb’ for how much power is required per square metre is often used for a traditional heating system this is not an accurate method for designing a hybrid system. Also, a heat pump cannot simply be sized according to an existing gas-fired boiler because they operate at different temperatures. Heat pumps perform most efficiently when the temperature of primary flow water being generated is kept as low as possible, ideally around 40 - 45ºC

maximum. New rules apply and there is no ‘one-size-fits-all’ solution. Each application is different and key design steps should be followed to ensure the final system performs to the design specification. Failure to do this is likely to result in a poor installation and, ultimately, a dissatisfied client.

Full survey is essential

From our experience, carrying out a full survey of the building concerned is essential to gather the necessary design data for the correct specification of equipment and sizing. A survey will establish critical factors such as the fabric of the building, its thermal performance and levels of insulation, which are all key to enabling the calculation of space heat losses, preheat requirements and heat load. Existing pipework, heating circuits and radiators, where used, will also need to be assessed for lower temperatures. Given all these considerations, seeking specialist advice, whether that’s via the selected system manufacturer, who may offer a technical design service as part of a system package, or by employing an M&E consultant, could be a worthwhile investment to ensure a successful installation. When correctly designed, systems that combine high efficiency modular boilers with renewable technologies can offer a positive step towards decarbonisation for a range of commercial applications. In addition, this type of hybrid solution could also help promote the wider uptake of sustainable heating products, like ASHPs, as the HVAC industry makes the inevitable transition to net zero. ■ EIBI | NOVEMBER � DECEMBER 2022

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BOILERS & BURNERS

Key criteria for boiler selection With the condensing gas boiler continuing to play an important role in non-domestic buildings, Tom Murray identifies some of the key factors to consider during the selection process Tom Murray Head of specification at Baxi Commercial Solutions www.baxi.co.uk

s businesses and organisations work to reduce energy consumption, costs and carbon in their buildings, improving the efficiency of the heating system is a well-established starting point. Our ambition to deliver net zero by 2050 will ultimately require a move to low-carbon technologies such as heat pumps and hydrogen boilers. But in existing buildings the transition to fully electric, low-carbon heating and hot water provision is far more complex than in new and well-insulated building stock. Retrofit constraints, including time, budget and available space, mean that full decarbonisation is realistically unlikely to happen overnight. And while we are innovating with pure hydrogen boiler prototypes for commercial applications, this technology is currently still at trial stage. However, improving the energy performance of all buildings is crucial – which is where condensing boilers have a part to play, as an early step towards more energy-efficient, lowercarbon heat. Modern fully modulating condensing boilers are up to 20 per cent more efficient than noncondensing boilers, so a relatively straightforward and affordable upgrade will deliver immediate energy and carbon savings.

annual heat demand while reliably meeting the building’s comfort needs. So which factors should be considered when selecting new boilers? Top of the list is energy efficiency. Since the introduction of ErP, UK boilers are clearly labelled with information about their efficiency and performance, making it easier to select the most energy-efficient products. Cost is a common determining factor in the decision-making process. However, using the initial cost of the commercial boiler as the sole criterion may end up costing you more in the long term.

Whole-life costing models

The ErP data will allow you to assess the boiler’s anticipated energy use over its lifetime and estimate how much energy a commercial boiler will use, how much carbon it will emit and how much it will cost to run (depending on energy prices). Wholelife costing models should include the boiler’s initial purchase price along with all the anticipated costs, such as energy, installation, maintenance and servicing. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission levels are increasingly a consideration as organisations look to meet heat demand more sustainably and protect air quality for enhanced wellbeing. BREEAM 2018, the widely adopted building sustainability assessment scheme, awards a maximum of two credits for boilers with low NOx emissions below 24mg/kWh in both high and low pollution areas. Where NOx is a key driver, it’s worth identifying boiler models like

Multivalent methods

There’s also the option to combine them with renewable technology to reduce the carbon intensity of the building. Where an all-electric solution is not feasible, multivalent methods of heat and hot water generation should not be overlooked. Using high efficiency condensing boilers with heat pumps is time proven to decarbonise a large portion of the 16

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Warranties should be factored in when choosing a boiler

Reputable boiler manufacturers will provide pre- and post-sale technical and product support

the Remeha Quinta Ace and Gas 320/620 ranges that can achieve emissions below 24 mg/kWh at no cost to performance to enhance the sustainability of the installation. The work involved in installing commercial boilers can vary, so this is another area to investigate. Points to consider include plant room access and the footprint of the boiler. In addition to cascade options, some manufacturers offer offsite heating solutions – including boiler rig systems – which can be designed bespoke to the project requirements, simplifying the installation process further.

Lengthy warranties

Warranties should also be factored in when choosing a commercial boiler, with lengthy warranties giving the end user peace of mind. Some heating manufacturers offer extended warranties when the appliance is commissioned by their own engineers. The warranty on Remeha boilers, for example, increases from two years to an industry-leading seven-year warranty when commissioned by our own engineers. When considering multivalent solutions, condensing boilers with a high temperature differential and wide operating range will allow for greater design flexibility. Versatile boilers like

our Remeha Gas 320/620 Ace that can operate at lower return system temperatures provide the perfect heat source for heat interface units, low temperature heating, multivalent heat pump installations and retrofit applications.

Phase out natural gas boilers

Ultimately, of course, we will need to phase out natural gas boilers. The government reaffirmed its vision for the UK to be a hydrogenbased economy at the Hydrogen Investment Summit in July. As the only manufacturer to have developed both a domestic and a commercial hydrogen boiler, we see hydrogen as one of the key pillars of the energy transition, along with heat pumps and heat networks. The first stage of the transition to hydrogen is expected to be the introduction of a 20 per cent blend into the natural gas mix from next year. According to work on the government’s HyDeploy project and the Gas Safe Bulletin TB159, current natural gas boilers and other appliances are compatible with hydrogen blends of up to 20 per cent. Good manufacturers will provide pre- and post-sale technical and product support, starting from the initial planning stages and on to installation and after sales. They should also offer product training for contractors and heating engineers to ensure that they have the necessary skills to install and maintain the products. ■ EIBI | NOVEMBER � DECEMBER 2022

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BOILERS & BURNERS

Turn heat in to power

Etienne Fourie looks at the innovative development of supercritical CO2 technologies in industrial waste heat recovery and the challenges faced when designing a heater for it Etienne Fourie Technical sales manager, Babcock Wanson www.babcock-wanson.com

eat recovery has become increasingly popular within industry, driven by high energy prices, environmental regulations, and a desire to reduce carbon footprint. However, sites and processes vary dramatically, with waste heat coming from multiple sources and with a wildly varying temperature range. As a result, they are frequently bespoke in nature or, at the very least, require extensive modification of existing equipment and expert installation to achieve the best results, which comes at a premium. To truly make heat recovery appealing to users, the energy efficiency of these systems needs to be improved to reduce ROI time, and installation made far simpler. The EC Horizon 2020 grant funded I-ThERM project, coordinated by Brunel University London, set out to do just this. The project was divided into three areas, with Babcock Wanson involved in the recovery of heat from temperatures above 300°C using a novel system. When carbon dioxide is held at, or above, its critical temperature (31°C) and critical pressure (73.8 bar) it turns into a fluid state, known as Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (sCO₂). sCO₂’s thermal stability and non-flammability, makes direct heat exchange from high temperature sources ranging between 350°C 800°C possible. Furthermore, its physical footprint is simple and compact, and it has a low toxicity and environmental impact. All of which make it potentially appealing when it comes to heat recovery systems.

built a specialist direct process air heater, using the company’s MIXBLOC heater as the starting point as it is designed to provide high temperature air with no flue gas losses. MIXBLOC can operate using the process air flow as the source of combustion air, or an independent combustion air fan. The heater was designed for operation at up to 780°C air temperature with heater lockout set at 800°C. Burner turndown ratio was retained at 5:1. The process fan size was specifically selected to account for the higher head loss associated with operation at higher working temperatures and with a heat exchanger located close to the heater outlet. A final discharge cooling system was included, comprising an air cooler with variable speed fan to allow the final exhaust to be cooled to around 350°C irrespective of the heat absorbed into the sCO₂.

Fully commissioned

As the heater was being designed for a test site, we manufactured and supplied a 2m “dummy” section between the combustor and cooler to allow the system to be fully commissioned and operated without the very specialist heat recovery unit being in place. This means the system can be tested at varying heat load/ temperature and air flow settings without the heat recovery unit being present to allow for the test protocol

to be formalised and proved without risk to the heater battery. A further adaptation to accommodate the test conditions included the mounting of the combustion chamber section on roller type feet to allow it to be moved back up to 20mm to ease the installation of the differing heat exchanger sections and to help form a good, gas tight seal during site tests. Both the heater and cooler unit are made of carbon steel construction throughout and are fully ceramic lined (including the dummy section) to cope with the high operating temperatures.

The system is expected to deliver energy savings of 15 per cent

Host of new challenges

Designing and building a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide heater presented a host of new challenges, as not only does the heater have to contend with very high temperatures, it would also be used for testing so needed to be adaptable. Following several briefings and learning more about the process and the testing regime, Babcock Wanson 18

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The burner and control system offered particular design challenges

The combustion chamber is designed for operation up to 780ºC

The system is natural gas fired and we also supplied a gas booster to provide up to 70 mbar of lift, plus a suitable in-line gas meter with analogue input to the MIXBLOC heater control system to display and re-transmit the gas consumption under test conditions. The final unit consisted of a fully packaged plant complete with all controls and interfaces for both local and remote monitoring plus remote adjustment of set parameters prewired and mounted to the heater. Control is via Siemens PLC with touch screen HMI for simple and clear operator interface.

Interest across Europe

The innovative heat recovery technology developed by the I-ThERM project has already received significant interest across Europe from industrial organisations – especially those within the steel, cement, glass and petrochemical industries - looking to reduce their energy consumption and emissions while also increasing their global competitiveness. With an electrical power output of 50 kilowatt-electric (kWe), the sCO₂ system is expected to deliver energy and GHG emission savings in excess of 15 per cent and ROI of under three years. The technology has been recognised by the EC’s Innovation Radar, which identifies the most promising innovations. Professor Savvas Tassou, I-ThERM project coordinator and Director of the Institute of Energy Futures, Brunel University London, states: “The supercritical CO₂ waste heat-topower cycle is a unique technology and the first complete system to be operational in Europe.” ■ EIBI | NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2022

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ESTA VIEWPOINT

For further info on ESTA visit www.estaenergy.org.uk

A time for greater collaboration

As businesses come under greater threat than ever with energy costs, governments, trade associations and their members can profit by working more closely together Mervyn Pilley Executive director of ESTA (Energy Services and Technology Association)

am a great fan of the work of my fellow EiBI columnist, Andrew Warren. As I read his column in the October 2022 issue (300 columns is a major achievement) it really struck me that the current disengagement from the Government on the subject of energy efficiency is nothing new. Andrew has been dealing with ministers and civil servants for far longer than I have and his knowledge of the sector is unbounded. I certainly share his high level of frustration with the fact that energy efficiency is simply not being recognised as a supply and a security issue as it should be. Energy efficiency – simply using less of the stuff – should be a total no brainer at the moment.

Businesses may go bust

Energy costs for businesses are escalating at a crazy rate and if those costs can’t be reduced then a lot more businesses are going to go bust. After another month of the political merry 20

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go round that we are currently living in – Kwasi Kwarteng has moved on and so has his boss – it was good for the two words ‘energy efficiency’ to be spoken by Jeremy Hunt. At the time of writing this we are still waiting for the postponed financial statement complete with OBR report. As always, actions will speak louder than words and there have been an awful lot of U-turns recently but hopefully not this time.

Bringing expertise together

Running a trade association certainly doesn’t get any easier no matter how long one has been doing it. One of the major things that came out of the recent Smart Buildings show in London was the notion that collaboration is needed more than ever at the moment. There are a lot of membership organisations in the energy sector. Bringing their expertise together to solve the current challenges is critical. Membership and training are both discretionary spends and, in an age, where information is so widely available and virtual meetings have become more common, selling membership has become a harder job. That said I am pleased that the number of membership applications has started to grow. I am also pleased to see that training enquiries have also picked up. The PMVA certification based on

the IPMVP training is getting traction as more and more companies want their energy efficiency savings to be measured in an evidence-based way. As well as the Smart Buildings show it was also great to attend our first face-to-face EnCo Academy meeting in October. For the uninitiated – EnCO stands for the Energy Conscious organisation programme and the academy is the alumni group of our practitioners, consultants, ambassadors and organisations. We had a great day with a lot of focus on facilitation training as well as discussing various aspects of the programme. Our major focus now is to develop the network of registered

It is hard to see that we have made a lot of progress as a country

Energy Conscious Organisations both in the UK and globally. We know that our current network of 171 consultants, 7 practitioners, 80 ambassadors and three organisations is a great network to help us develop the organisational group. We have some major companies in the pipeline and believe strongly that there is considerable value for companies and other non-domestic organisations to embrace behaviour change to support their energy efficiency activities. If any readers feel that their company would benefit from implementing a behaviour change programme and is interested in gaining the accreditation please contact me at mervyn@estaenergy.org.uk. The EnCO website also has a list of the practitioners and consultants who will be able to assist you. As I never stop saying, energy efficiency is both the first fuel and also the start of every single net zero journey.

Progress since Glasgow

On the subject of net zero journeys, as COP27 approaches as I write, I have to say that I am very concerned indeed at how successful the event is likely to be and indeed what our contribution as the UK is likely to be. At the moment the jury is out on the attendees in the UK delegation. The King won’t be attending although he is planning a pre COP event. As far as the Prime Minister is concerned the situation is heartening that he is attending. The obvious question for me is what is going to be on the UK report card in terms of progress since Glasgow last year? It is very hard to see that we have made a lot of progress as a country although at least fracking is off the table, again! The Government’s Net Zero strategy has been proven to be unlawful in the courts and the Committee on Climate Change has also continued to report that the Government is not on track to meet its 2050 target. It is clear that the war in Ukraine has affected the global energy security system in a major way. It is also worth noting that at the very time that the £100bn contribution commitment from the biggest economies to the developing countries to deal with their climate challenges is far from being met, the UK government is also talking about continuing to reduce their contributions to international aid. It will be interesting to see how things work out and I hope I am proved wrong on the event and its success. ■ EIBI | NOVEMBER � DECEMBER 2022

08/11/2022 14:19

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SERIES 20 / Module 05

District Heating

District heating and cooling systems

This month's CPD Module is sponsored by

By Joseph McClelland

For details on how to obtain your Energy Institute CPD Certificate, see ENTRY FORM and details on page 24

EIBI | NOVEMBER � DECEMBER 2022

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istrict heating and cooling systems are a model for energy generation and distribution that is based on using a central location for energy creation that is then distributed through pipework systems. District heating generates and distributes heating from a number of sources. While the model used to be based on burning fossil fuels, today the resurgence of district heating is driven by this system’s capability of using alternative energy sources such as geothermal heating, heat pumps, central solar heating, or heat from waste incineration, among others. District cooling distributes thermal energy in the form of chilled water obtained through a central cooling plant. The benefits of efficient district heating and cooling are an important step in moving away from fossil fuels. While district energy traditionally relied on fossil fuels for the creation of energy, current technologies allow for the incorporation of alternative energy sources. Among these options, the possibility of using recycled heat is particularly exciting, as it both minimises CO₂ emissions and reduces energy costs, taking efficiency to the maximum. In fact, the minimising of CO₂ emissions means district heating and cooling systems have provided significant contributions to decarbonise large cities around the world.

Predictable energy production Heating and cooling through a centralised location that avoids fossil fuels translates into more

predictable, safe and reliable energy production. Issues such as peak demand problems, weather inclemency and other unexpected cases can be controlled in an easier manner. Cities develop their own locally managed models for energy production, matching it to their real demand. Architectural benefits also arise. Heating and cooling equipment are kept outside individual buildings at a centralised location, leaving extra space and eliminating other inconveniences such as excessive noise. District heating and cooling has quickly become one of the most prominent alternatives when it comes to efficiently managing energy production and distribution. Driven by the economical and sustainable advantages of this sort of centralised system, commercial, industrial and individual installations of district heating and cooling have multiplied globally in the past decades. Heating and cooling networks offer several modes of production capable of promoting energy moderation. That is particularly the case when the cooling network directly uses the coldness of a local water source to cool the water in its network (a method known as free cooling), or when the heating network uses biomass as a fuel. Other processes exist, such as geothermal wells or heat recovery from a cooling network located near a heating network. Based on the circular economy principle, district heating and cooling networks play a key role in integrating and pooling the resources of the various available energy sources. Primarily, they use local energy by

EIBI | OCTOBER 2022

exploiting a variety of resources such as heat, energy from the ground and subsoil with geothermal power, local forest resources managed on a sustainable basis, heat co-generated by local methanisation units or solar power with solar thermal energy. These district heating and cooling networks significantly promote energy efficiency and moderation. Many buildings and industrial sites rely on district heating, ranging from large urban networks in Beijing, Seoul, Milan and Stockholm to smaller networks such as university and medical campuses.

Small global share

Around 40 per cent of the heat generated globally in district plants is consumed by the buildings sector. Globally, district heating and cooling supplies a small share used in buildings, at only 11 per cent of the sector’s final space heat consumption – a share that has remained impressively constant since 2000, considering that the floor area increased by 65 per cent during the same period. However, while the global average share is low, district systems do cover a high proportion of the thermal delivery to buildings in some European countries, such as Denmark (around 65 per cent) and Sweden (above 45 per cent), as well as in Russia (about 40 per cent) and China (above 15 per cent). Around 40 per cent of the heat generated globally in district plants goes to the industrial sector, which also affects a network’s ability to reduce distribution temperatures, as industrial users often require high-temperature heat. Using heat pumps to increase temperatures at

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SERIES 20 / Module 05

District Heating local substations can offer solutions in some cases. China leads industrial district thermal use, accounting for about 55 per cent of the global total in 2021, up from around 35 per cent in 2010. By contrast, Russia’s share fell to less than 25 per cent, down from more than 35 per cent in 2010. The market is expanding, and new projects were announced in 2021 and the first half of 2022, including some with lowemission energy sources. In Europe, 13 new geothermal heating and cooling plants connected to district heating were announced in 2021. In the Danish city of Aarhus, the development of Europe’s largest geothermal district heating facility was announced at the beginning of 2022, to be partly operational by 2025. Meanwhile, in the United States, a district heating and cooling project consisting of 200 geothermal wells has been announced. In Iceland, a local heating utility introduced new geothermal district heating in Höfn, to replace electric heating. Subsidies are provided for those connected to district heating as well as to the utility company.

Secondary heat sources

Projects integrating secondary heat sources – that is, heat obtained through waste heat recovery – are also on the rise. In 2022 an energy company in Vienna, Austria, launched a heat-recycling programme that intends to take advantage of the warm water (30°C) from local thermal baths with the use of a heat pump. Another example from Austria is the district heating system exporting waste heat from Interxion’s data centre to the neighbouring Floridsdorf Hospital in Vienna. The Austrian federal government is funding the project with a €3.5m subsidy. In Ireland, the construction of the country’s first large-scale district heating network started in May 2021. The Tallaght District Heating Scheme uses waste heat from a local data centre to heat different public, residential and commercial buildings in the Tallaght town centre area.

Fourth generation DH

Greater heat source diversification (especially shifting from fossil fuels to renewables, electricity and excess heat) and the integration of both largescale and decentralised consumer heat pumps will propel the transition towards lower-temperature and more flexible district heating networks – a

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80°C, with heat losses ranging from 10 per cent to 30 per cent. The renovation of existing networks towards lower operating temperatures, improved piping insulation and integration of digitalisation techniques can significantly reduce heat losses, potentially containing them below 10 per cent. In northern China, projects to limit losses even with very longdistance transmission networks (20-150 km, to exploit waste heat) are ongoing.

Optimising overall operations

A typical district heating network serving a university campus

progression from third-generation to what is called fourth-generation district heating, and alternatively, the electricity-based and decentralised fifth generation Innovations are principally related to: ● integration of secondary heat sources. Heat can be recovered from several sources such as data centres, metro tunnels, industry, electrolysers, nuclear power plants, directly or supported by heat pumps and storage systems. In 2022 in Canada, a waste heat district heating system was launched, to be fully operational by 2034. In Lund, Sweden, the first phase of the largest low-temperature district heating system from surplus heat was inaugurated in 2019 and is expected to expand over the coming years with a plan up to 2035; ● circular economy models. For example, in Sweden a waste treatment plant is producing heat and electricity, while also producing biogas, biofertilisers and compost, as well as collecting heavy metals, ammonium sulphate and cleaned ash; ● integration of renewables, heat pumps and thermal storage systems, towards low-temperature district heating systems. Several innovations are advancing with these systems, such as the development of new deep geothermal solutions that do not require a permeable aquifer; ● renovation of existing networks: for example, the KeepWarm project started 16 pilot district heating

retrofit projects in central and eastern Europe; ● a holistic and systemic approach optimise thermal distribution, integrating district heating and cooling to the buildings it serves; ● the recently concluded TEMPO project developed technological innovations that contribute to minimising the temperature in networks and enable the costefficient implementation of a low-temperature network. OPTi has developed a methodology for efficient engineering of a digital twin of a district heating system for demand forecasting, predictive optimisation of production and thermal comfort assessment of consumers; and ● component improvements: for example, in Germany, District LAB was opened to provide an experimental facility for district heating network components, as well as operational models. The Global District Energy Climate Award has been in place since 2009 to identify best practices and innovations in district energy, and the last edition in 2021 nominated seven winners. The annual International DHC+ Student Awards (launched in 2012) highlight outstanding and original contributions to district heating and coolingrelated research, including economic and technological aspects, energy management and the environmental consequences of energy utilisation. Many networks operating today distribute heat by pipe as pressurised water at supply temperatures of over

Demand response can be employed for peak-shaving, reducing installed capacity requirements and also optimising overall network operations, including loss reduction. For example, as part of its modernisation process, the district heating system of Bolzano, Italy, introduced a control system that reduced overall energy losses by up to 5 per cent. Modern telemetering also opens opportunities for demand-side management, as in the electricity market. Adequate pricing mechanisms – such as tailored pricing based on the quantity of energy used and the time of consumption – can give signals to the final users and reduce the load on the district heating network, reducing losses and heat consumption. However, greater attention should also be paid to the correct installation and operation of final customers’ heating systems to ensure they fully enable the benefits of optimised district heating systems to be realised. Full district heating and buildings renovation packages can help to optimise overall heat flows. This should be done in a holistic way, supporting the transition both from the network side and final use side.

Economies of scale

District heating deployment is often spurred by the benefits it can offer (economies of scale, energy efficiency, reduced pollution, etc.) and by national/local policy frameworks. Policies that prompt greater district heating penetration and modernisation have been linked to: ● grants, subsidies and incentives for renewables integration: for example, in the United Kingdom, £250m has been provided to develop district heating projects, such as in east Devon and London, via the Heat Networks Investment. In 2022 the Green Heat Network Fund replaced it and opened for applications with

EIBI | NOVEMBER � DECEMBER 2022

09/11/2022 17:42

Produced in Association with

SERIES 20 / Module 05

District Heating a total of £288m. Other funding opportunities have been introduced in Austria, the European Union, France and Canada. In August 2022 the European Commission approved a €3bn scheme to promote green district heating based on renewable energy and waste heat in Germany; ● taxes on fossil fuel consumption, CO emissions and pollutant emissions (for instance in the Nordic countries and China); ● energy and heating plans/strategies and renewables targets. In 2021 Chile’s National Heat and Cold Strategy was issued, also promoting district energy projects using ground- and air-source heat pumps. In Europe, by the end of 2021 at least 29 countries had committed to renewable heating and cooling targets. China has been supporting a shift from fossil fuel-based district heating to greater use of renewables and recycled heat under the 14th Five-Year Plan for Renewable Energy Development; ● zoning policies and integration of district heating into energy standards for buildings, as per the zero-carbon-ready buildings concept. Under the proposed Energy Security Bill in the United Kingdom, certain buildings would be required to be connected to a district heating network; ● tariffs: the Danish government dedicated €13m at the end of 2021 to financial support for those affected the most by energy price increases (including district heating costs). In 2022 high commodity prices motivated the launch of subsidy programmes to cover the operational expenses of district heating utility companies, such as the one announced from the Czech government; and ● consumer rights: the establishment of consumer protection rights in new markets for district heating, comparable with the rights of other energy consumers, is important to provide the necessary trust to allow the deployment of new systems. District heating and cooling structures can come in many forms, depending on the type of energy source that is chosen. This means that, in order to achieve maximum efficiency, each project must be individually considered, examining what are the best possibilities for each system. However, there are two key district heating and cooling models that stand

EIBI | NOVEMBER � DECEMBER 2022

EIBI_1122_021-24_(T).indd 3

Renewable heat and power sources are now being incorporated into many systems

out as offering high efficiency. In the first, four pipe or six pipe heat pump systems make use of a reversible heat pump means both heating and cooling are available through a system that has been proved to provide great efficiencies. Heat pumps are used as an alternative to traditional boilers and electric heaters and use electricity to extract thermal energy. The choice of free, renewable energy sources for heat pumps will mean this system provides the maximum efficiency with optimised operational and sustainable costs. For instance, heat pumps may capture energy from sources such as industrial wastewater, groundwater, geothermal sources, air or seawater, among other elements.

Outstanding solution

Second, the combination of district heating and cooling systems with thermal storage tanks also represents an outstanding heating and cooling solution in terms of efficiency. In fact, this model is being especially helpful in managing intermittent energy produced by renewable sources. In short, their role is to balance thermal and energy demand with the different energy production sources, so that a wide variety can be used. This means the system accumulates thermal energy during off-peak periods, and then releases it during high-demand periods. The two benefits of this include: ● renewable sources such as solar or wind energy can be managed more efficiently; and ● surplus thermal energy is not

wasted, but stored for a later use. The main benefits of efficient district heating and cooling networks is that they offer an important step in moving away from fossil fuels. While district energy traditionally relied on fossil fuels for the creation of energy, current technologies allow for the incorporation of alternative energy sources. Among these options, the possibility of using recycled heat is particularly exciting, as it both minimises CO₂ emissions and reduces energy costs, taking efficiency to the maximum. In fact, the minimising of CO₂ emissions means district heating and cooling have provided significant contributions to decarbonise large cities around the world. For instance, the Chinese city of Anshan now expects to incorporate a district energy model based on heat recovery that will help reduce 1.2m tonnes of coal burning. District heating and cooling allow for a reduction in primary energy consumption that ranges between 30 - 50 per cent. This is especially true in the case of using heat pumps and combined thermal storage tanks, which make the most of energy that would otherwise be wasted. In addition, operational efficiency means the cost of heating and cooling in buildings declines. Reduced costs are also achieved in energy generation. District energy systems mean economies of scale can be activated and locally available energy sources can be employed. District heating and cooling thus

becomes a remarkably diverse model that combines different energy sources for optimal efficiency and minimizes the need for fossil fuel imports. Green and circular economies are activated, and a new key figure known as the “prosumer” now begins to take centre stage. Heating and cooling through a centralised location that avoids fossil fuels translates into more predictable, safe and reliable energy production. Issues such as peak demand problems, weather inclemency and other unexpected cases can be controlled in an easier manner. Cities develop their own locally managed models for energy production, matching it to their real demand. Architectural benefits also arise. Heating and cooling equipment are kept outside individual buildings at a centralised location, leaving extra space and eliminating other inconveniences such as excessive noise.

Compelling economic benefits

Benefits of district heating and cooling systems include: ● higher efficiency, especially if using CHP plants, which generate electricity and heat simultaneously; ● lower carbon emissions than individual boilers; ● significant diversity and flexibility in fuel sources, often within the same plant. This can have important security advantages. As a result, local renewable biomass is becoming increasingly important as a fuel for district heating in transition economies and district heating and cooling plants can often switch fuels in an emergency; ● compelling economic development benefits in that greater efficiency results in a higher gross domestic product (GDP). GDP growth benefits the population as well by increasing standards of living; Combined heat and power district heating and cooling is being developed as a way to store renewable energy, particularly wind energy that exceeds instantaneous grid demand, via the use of heat pumps and thermal stores. Limitations of district heating and cooling systems include: ● forward-planning, as difficult to retrofit; ● long-term financial commitment; and ● controls and tariffs need to be carefully considered to create the most efficient solution. ■

09/11/2022 17:43

SERIES 19 / Module 02 05 SERIES 20 / Module 04

Produced in Association with

Refrigeration District Heating Internet of Things

ENTRY ENTRYFORM FORM

“Energy in Buildings and Industry and “Energy in Buildings and Industry and the Energy Institute are delighted to have the Energy Institute arethis delighted to have teamed up to bring you Continuing teamed up to bring you this Continuing Professional Development initiative” Professional Development initiative” MARK THROWER Managing Editor MARK THROWER Managing Editor

Please answers below by placing a cross in the in box. Don't some questions might havemight more than Pleasemark markyour your answers below a cross box.forget Don'tthat forget that some questions haveone more SERIES 20byfind /placing Module 02 inthe correct answer. Youanswer. may findYou it helpful mark the answers pencil first before filling infirst the before final answers have in than one correct may to it helpful to mark the answers in pencil fillingin inink. theOnce final you answers completed the answer sheet, return it to the address Photocopies are acceptable. ink. Once you have completed the answer sheet,below. return it to the address below. Photocopies are acceptable.

Energy Auditing

Questions Questions ENTRY FORM

Please mark your answers below placing a cross inof the box.6)Don't forget that some questions might have more What is a typical range for COP? 1) Refrigeration accounts for by what percentage 1) Why Theone Chinese cityovertake of Anshan expects to incorporate a 6) Is Byopen theinend of 2021 least how many countries had 1. didcorrect TCP/IP other network protocols and 6. source material than answer. You pencil firstatbefore filling in the final answers in total global electricity use.may find it helpful to mark the answers 1-3 □ SERIES 18 MODULE 03 SEPTEMBER 2020 SERIES 17to|below. 09 | MARCH 2020 district energy based on heat will return help it to the become dominant? committed renewable heating and targets? ink. 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ENTRY FORM

Questions

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“Energy in Buildings and Industry andaccreditation How to obtain aa CPD How toInstitute obtain CPDto have accreditation the Energy are delighted from Energy Institute teamed to bring you this Continuing fromupthe the Energy Institute

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SERIES 20 to JUNE 2022 � MAY 2023 11 Batteries Storage 11 Energy Efficiency Legislation BEMS Batteries & Storage 1. First&Steps Net Zero 22 Energy as aSteps Service 22 Building Controls Refrigeration Energy as a Service 2. First Energy Auditing 1. to Net Zero 33 Water Management 33 Smart 2. Energy Auditing 3.Technology Training for Energy Management LED Water Grids Management Internet of 3. for Energy 4. Training Internet ofThings Things Management* 44 Demand Side Response 44 Lighting District Heating DemandTechnology* Side Response District Heating Internet of Things* 5. District Heating* 55 Drives & Motors 55 Heat Pumps* Air4. Conditioning Drives & Motors 6. District Electric Vehicles* 5. Heating* 66 Blockchain Technology 66 Metering & Monitoring* Behaviour Change Blockchain Technology 6. Vehicles* 7. Electric Ventilation* 77 Compressed Air 77 Air Conditioning* Thermal Imaging Compressed Air 7. 8. Ventilation* Energy Purchasing* 88 Energy Purchasing 88 Boilers Burners* Solar Thermal Energy&Purchasing 8. Energy Purchasing* 9. Legislation* Terms: in submitting your completed youChange* are indicating 99 Space Heating 99 answers Behaviour Smart Buildings Space Heating 10. On-site Renewables* 9. Energy Legislation* consent to Management EiBI’s holding and processing the personal data 10 Centre 10 Combined Heat & Power* 10 Data Biomass Boilers 10 Data Centre Management* *10. OnlyOn-site availableRenewables* to download after publication date * Only available to download publication date you have provided to us,after in accordance with legal bases set out **ONLY available to from the website after ONLY available todownload download fromlaw. the website after publication date * Only available to download after publication dateEiBIdate under data protection Further topublication this, will share your

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ENERGY & WELLBEING

Outdoor air quality often takes priority over improving the air we breathe indoors

your business at risk. Businesses that truly want to get the best out of their employees and keep them healthy must set their benchmark for clean air. It’s great to tick the regulatory box but we shouldn’t be waiting to be pushed to make these changes – there is added value in being more energy efficient and using smart technologies, particularly in the name of safety. One thing is for certain: to avoid falling short, clean air technology is a must. While it’s a given that we must put safety first, how is clean air technology successfully implemented? To effectively exceed current clean air regulations, businesses will need to install ventilation, filtration, and disinfection technology, which must be linked to an occupancy measuring solution and technology to measure air quality.

Attack an escalating issue

Mark Bouldin examines indoor air quality in schools and calls for an overhaul of the regulations governing the air conditions that affect every employee Mark Bouldin Clean air expert at Johnson Controls www.johnsoncontrols.com

he pandemic exposed a serious lack of ventilation and poor air quality across our schools, which left teachers with little option other than opening windows, even in freezing cold winter months, when schools returned after the lockdowns. Hopefully, we can see a new change! A new clean air law is making its way through parliament as a memorial to Ella Kissi-Debrah, a nineyear-old London girl who died from asthma caused by air pollution. The bill would establish a right to clean air and create a commission to monitor government actions and progress but could more be done? Unfortunately, it’s been an ongoing issue that children go to schools in areas where air pollution is worse than the WHO limit. Despite urgent calls to action, the reality is that millions of children are now learning in unhealthy environments. Air pollution remains a looming public health emergency in

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need of quick-fire solutions. The way the clean air problem can be tackled is clear: improving air quality through a number of means. Indoor air quality (IAQ) in particular is often overlooked, as outdoor air quality takes the focus. Control, improved ventilation, and clean air technology can all assist in improving outdoor and indoor air quality. Among other changes, existing buildings must improve the quality of air through the installation of new controls. In new buildings, there must be regulations put in place to ensure that the air quality for the occupants is safe, efficient, and healthy. Without clean air technology, particulate matter can invade our indoor spaces and cause health problems.

Technologies already exist

Air pollution should be considered as a decisive factor for all of us in choosing an area to live in and a place to work. To start delivering the change at the speed needed, we must look to the technologies that address the problem. To improve the air that we breathe every day, we need to use operational technology. Technologies exist which can capture 99.7 per cent of airborne pathogens, ensuring the air people breathe is safe. But even just ensuring clean air is

being filtered in from the outside can be enough. We spend 90 per cent of our time indoors, yet indoor air is sometimes five times more polluted than outdoor air. To achieve this, businesses will need to install ventilation, filtration, and disinfection technology, which must be linked to an occupancy measuring solution and technology to measure air quality. However, regulations around clean air need to be revised and drastically improved. Currently, the HSE Approved Code of Practice states fresh air should not fall below 5 to 8 litres of air per second per occupant, while CIBSE’s guidance suggests that buildings should have a ventilation rate of 10 litres. For the regulations to be effective, though, more needs to change than just the ventilation rate. Simply put, regulations are not strong enough and will put the health of your employees and the productivity of

Technologies exist to capture most airborne pathogens

Hybrid working environment

Occupancy management and measuring come down to two things. Firstly, it’s about ensuring the maximum occupancy of rooms isn’t exceeded. This can be done effectively by introducing booking systems, which is particularly easy post-Covid due to a hybrid working environment. Second, it’s important to use technology which can constantly count how many people are in each room. The data collected from the occupancy measuring technology can then be fed to the ventilation, filtration, and disinfection technologies. So long as the maximum occupancy isn’t exceeded, you can then automatically adjust ventilation rates in the room, providing the optimum level of clean air for the number of occupants. This integrated approach ensures the system isn’t working at full throttle all day, helping to reduce costs and improve energy efficiency. Investing in the health of occupants is of utmost importance, as not only do the occupants benefit, but so do businesses – so it’s a positive all round! Improved indoor air quality not only has significant health benefits, but it also increases workplace productivity. Aside from protecting your building’s occupants from viruses like COVID-19, a constant flow of clean air can boost productivity by 11 per cent. Businesses now have the opportunity to create an environment that is sustainable, efficient, and healthy, using integrated clean air technologies to allow employees to focus and thrive. Finally, air quality must be prioritised not just at the start of a new school year, but at all times. ■ 27

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ENERGY & WELLBEING

A better place to learn

Treetops Free School in Essex will generate around 300kW of solar energy a year

Treetops Free School in Essex is set to show how the education sector is leading the way in the decarbonisation of public sector buildings Dan Allison Director, NetZero Buildings www.netzerobuildings.co.uk

reetops Free School in Grays, Essex, is the first to complete under the Department for Education’s (DfE) net zero carbon pathfinder scheme. The school achieved practical completion at the end of August this year by Net Zero Buildings, the scheme’s principal contractor and industry leader in the design and delivery of net zero buildings. Treetops Free School provides full-time educational and therapeutic behavioural support for pupils with special educational needs (SEN) in Thurrock and its surrounding areas. Following a year-long build programme, the school is now the first to complete under the DfE’s new carbon pathfinder scheme, welcoming 140 three- to sixteen-yearold students.

High demand for pupil places

“The concept for Treetops Free School began in 2016 due to the high demand for pupil places at Treetops School, so this day has been long awaited and anticipated, but we are finally here,” says Anthony Hattam, headteacher at Treetops Free School. “It is with great excitement that the pupils, staff and parents can now walk through the doors of Treetops Free EIBI | NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2022

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School. Over the past 18 months, we have seen things slowly take shape, from an area of wasteland to the building we have today. Throughout this time, staff and pupils have been fortunate enough to make site visits. “Being part of a ‘Free School’ build and one that is ‘net zero’ is certainly a once-in-a-career opportunity for many, and something that we feel privileged to be part of. Knowing that the school will not only help the pupils of Thurrock educationally, but also environmentally, is incredibly important to us all,” says Hattam. This building shows how green and clean the schools of the future will be. Treetops was determined to turn all the rhetoric surrounding sustainability into action and make a real difference. They wanted to find a better way to build a school, so every effort has been made to lower the carbon footprint of both the construction and operation of this free school – right down to the goat hair carpet tiles. The timing couldn’t be better. While most schools are dreading their fuel

bill this year, Treetops Free School will achieve net zero in operation – significantly helped by the energy generated by its PV panels.

Easy reconfiguration

The school is also set up to meet the teaching team’s needs today, and to flex to how their needs may change in the future. For instance, the school currently has a 90/10 split of ambulant to non-ambulant pupils but this will probably change as the years go by, and the whole building is designed so that it can be easily reconfigured. But from day one, Treetops Free School classrooms need to be set up according to different learning needs so the adaptability of the rooms is important. The design challenge was catering for all the various pupils’ educational, therapeutic and medical needs. The internal spaces range from a sensory room – with video and lighting to minimise adult intervention – to parental spaces which will be used for family therapy. “Outside, there’s lots of soft

landscaping, and permeable paving reduces water run-off, which attenuates flooding and contamination (complying with SUDS – sustainable urban drainage systems).” Built using a structural timber panel solution, Treetops is extensively insulated – floors, ceilings and walls – and is compliant with the government’s carbon pathfinder tenpoint plan. Fitted with PV (photovoltaic) panels, the school will generate approximately 300kW of solar energy per year, making it net zero in operation. All of the school’s systems are also powered electrically – right down to the Bunsen burners. As a lead contractor for the DfE, Net Zero Buildings followed BB104, a nonstatutory guidance, for the 3,293m2 Treetops Free School. “The NZB team has felt part of the Treetops team throughout the build, including dressing up as Santa and touring the pupils around the school to familiarise them with their new school ahead of their return,” adds Dan Allison. Treetops Free School was commissioned by the DfE and sponsored by Treetops Learning Community, which governs Treetops Academy on the same site. In January 2020, the DfE launched its offsite (MMC1) framework to encourage schools to adopt modern methods of construction for new buildings, and the new carbon pathfinder scheme is the DfE’s direction of travel for new build schools. The government’s intention behind the framework is to see 30 new schools each year built offsite, with a projected pipeline of £3bn across the next four years. ■ 29

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ENERGY & WELLBEING

Flick the switch to lighting upgrades

Debbie-Sue Farrell looks at how small changes can make a big difference when it comes to reducing energy demand and optimising a building’s operational efficiency Debbie-Sue Farrell Head of wellbeing at Tamlite Lighting www.tamlite.co.uk

here is no getting away from the on-going energy crisis. Sadly, there is no end in sight and experts predict it will have a lasting impact on how businesses in the UK operate for many years to come. In a clear indication of the strain faced by many firms, data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) Rising business insolvencies and high energy prices’ report, shows that 22 per cent of businesses feel energy prices are their main concern - up from 15 per cent in February this year – rising to 30 per cent for companies with 10 to 49 employees. Responding to these statistics, Rob Turner, Energy and Resources Sector Leader at PwC UK commented: “Forecasts suggest that, absent a complete change in Russian supply, tight supplies, and thus high and volatile prices, will be a feature well beyond this winter.” This sends a clear message to all businesses - the next few months must be used to identify measures that reduce energy demand and improve operational efficiency.

The situation is heightened when you consider that there is a growing urgency to decarbonise the built environment, with PwC’s Net Zero Economy Index revealing that progress on decarbonisation is falling short of what is required to limit global warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. These challenges combined is causing businesses, and those responsible for energy management and the operation of buildings, a huge headache. While many may be looking towards innovative low carbon technologies to improve energy efficiency, there are far simpler, and more cost-effective measures that can be taken. With this in mind there has never been a better time to review existing core building systems and implement more measures that save energy, reduce operational costs and reduce carbon emissions as part of wider sustainability efforts.

Small changes, big difference

Lighting remains one of the more fundamental building services, but it is a huge source of energy consumption. Yet it is here that small changes can make a big difference. Replacing outdated lighting with modern LED systems is vital when it comes to cutting energy bills and making buildings more efficient. The British Chamber of Commerce’s Quarterly Economic

Survey Q3 2022 showed that, unsurprisingly, businesses are not currently seeking to increase investment in plant, machinery, or equipment, with only 22 per cent reporting there would be an increase in this area. The good news is that such upgrades are easy to do and can be achieved in return for relatively small investments.

Boost product lifespans

The ability of LED technology to reduce energy consumption by two-thirds or more, as well as greatly increase product lifespans, is universally accepted. However, what is less understood are the actual savings that can be made and the overall ROI. In many cases, replacing outdated lighting with modern LED systems has generated savings of between 60 per cent to 80 per cent. As the need for building systems to perform both effectively and cost-effectively has become more acute, so has the demand for control solutions that allow building managers, and other end-users, to get Lighting systems need to be designed around the new trend to flexible working

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A connected lighting system can significantly help employee wellbeing

the most out of their systems. Designing a lighting scheme with intelligent lighting control adds a level of flexibility that is vital in helping business reduce their energy usage. For example, reducing light levels outside task areas, adding PIR sensors to ensure that lights are not used when the room is unoccupied by dimming or switching off the fittings. Daylight dimming reduces the output of the luminaires when natural light levels increase. Not only does this ensure that lights are only used when they are required but also provides a more organic lighting design. Beyond that, a network which connects all the light fittings and sensors to a centralised control system makes it much easier to make informed decisions about how the space is being used. By tracking energy usage, they can make changes to lighting schedules and settings and identify further ways in which consumption can be reduced. Companies who move in this direction can also be buoyed by the realisation that they are also helping to ensure the wellbeing of their employees by creating a healthier environment to boost alertness, productivity, and comfort. Retrofitting buildings - whether it is a small office, large mixed-used complex or retail space - with modern, efficient lighting systems could be seen by many as a complex and timeconsuming affair. Yet engaging with a lighting specialist who can provide expert guidance and offer a simple solution all within budget is the best way forward. No business can afford to pay the price of inaction when it comes to energy, and lighting is the perfect place to make positive changes. ■ EIBI | NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2022

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PRODUCTS IN ACTION

AIR CONDITIONING

LED LIGHTING

Leisure centre gains from AC system

Lighting aids Cambridge students' accommodation

Visitors to Great Yarmouth’s new £26m Water and Leisure Centre, which recently opened on the resort’s famous Golden Mile, will benefit from indoor comfort thanks to a high-performance TOSHIBA heat recovery VRF air conditioning system. The Toshiba system, installed by Adcock Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, was chosen to meet the project’s sustainability requirements, and serves the centre’s pool and water facilities, 100-station health and fitness gym, sports hall with climbing zone, and café with views over Great Yarmouth beach. Based on a combination of Toshiba’s three-pipe SHRM-e and two-pipe SMMS-u VRF systems, the HVAC system

is designed to deliver maximum energy efficiency and optimise the centre’s indoor climate for the comfort of visitors and staff. Due to the coastal location, outdoor condensers are treated with an epoxy coating to protect against corrosion and prolong working life. The centre includes 28 Toshiba indoor units, mainly ceiling suspended cassettes, supported by strategically sited wall-mounted and ducted units. Computer and communications suites are served by a separate dedicated air conditioning system with Toshiba lower global warming potential R-32 digital inverter splits, for fine temperature control and energy efficiency. www.toshiba.co.uk

New student accommodation at Cambridge University’s Lucy Cavendish College has recently been completed to Passivhaus standard to significantly reduce energy use, and ensure comfort for students and carers, using modern methods of construction and sustainable, robust materials to reduce embodied carbon. The scheme is centred around large quantiles of natural daylight, so the role of artificial lighting is to supplement, and substitute come nightfall. To meet the Passivhaus requirements, LEDs’ low-energy and low-heat qualities were a natural choice. For a high-quality LED solution, electrical contractors Munro Building Services turned to its lighting partner, TRILUX. The bedrooms are designed to be comfortable, welcoming, and structured. Here the wall-mounted TRILUX LC60 aids the main aim. Its 3000K warm, welcoming light is easily dimmable and creates a cosy, inviting. A study café space on the ground floor

includes a range of facilities, including study booths and intelligent screens, encouraging students to collaborate in the way that suits them best. TRILUX Limba pendants, in a gold and black finish, add striking appeal and help form the café setting. Its 3-D faceted reflector and opal acrylic ring offer exceptional glare control, ideal for hi-tech working aids. From the corridors and stairwells to the plant rooms and external stores, the TRILUX range has been utilised to provide optimum efficiency. The lighting design comprises SNC Point, LC60, 74RS, Amatris, Limba (White + Special Finish), Osram LED Tape, Skeo Q B1, LTX Z, Skeo Curv and Skeo Q. www.trilux.com/gb

DATA CENTRE MANAGEMENT

Response, renewables, and reputation Data centre power demand is set to grow, leading to increasing public awareness. This will require a response through greater grid interactivity, believes Ed Ansett Ed Ansett Chairman and founder, i3 Solutions Group www.i3.solutions

ow can the industry start to address public concern over data centre power usage in the UK and Ireland? First, the data centre sector must speak openly about its efforts to build a sustainable industry and good power citizen reputation. In the UK and Ireland, the reputation issue is becoming particularly acute. Because, unlike mainland Europe, each of the main islands has a limited number of grid interconnectors. Today, the UK National Grid operates electricity interconnectors with France, Netherlands, Belgium, Ireland and Norway. Additional interconnectors are planned with Germany and Denmark. In electricity terms, the UK and Republic of Ireland have much in common as the island of Ireland and the island of Great Britain each operate off a single national power grid. How relationships between the grid and data centres evolve in both places

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and how they are perceived by a public concerned about energy security and sustainability has profound implications In Ireland and the UK, awareness of the amount of power drawn by data centres has risen. Recent headlines include “Eirgrid [Ireland’s grid operator] pulls the plug on the data centres.”

Data centre growth in Ireland

Reports that power used by Ireland’s data centres grew by one third in a single year and now accounts for 14 per cent of the country’s electricity output were not received positively. Ireland has around 70 large data centres reportedly using 900MW, with eight more scheduled for construction. Recently, Amazon was granted permission to build two new data centres in Dublin, telling council planners that its new 115MW wind farm project in Galway would support the company’s facilities in the country. And Microsoft announced that batteries in its Irish data centre campus would provide electrical support to local grids. The batteries will complement solar panels and wind farms near Dublin. The intention is when the grid requires more power than it can provide, the batteries inside

the data centre will export stored energy to the grid. For now, with a de facto moratorium in place, it appears the pause button has been hit for new data centres in the Republic of Ireland until 2028. In the UK, which has around 450 large data centres and nearly 300 commercial colocation sites, the question is, can the data centre sector find a way to speak positively about its energy use? In June, The Economist reported: “A boom in data centre construction has affected west London particularly badly. This area is only a small part of a regional grid that covers a swathe of southern England, but it has received 90 per cent of all applications to connect data centres to that grid in the past two years. The amount of electricity these new facilities require is roughly the same as west London’s entire existing capacity.” In July 2022, National Grid announced plans for a major upgrade of the UK’s electrical system with a £54bn investment package to boost the grid infrastructure capacity and build secure connections with new onshore and offshore wind farms and other renewable energy resources. The UK is committed to a mass conversion and adoption of renewable energy to generate 50GW by 2030.

Mitigating potential impacts

Fintan Slye, executive director of ESO, said: “It is a key step in providing certainty to offshore wind developers and mitigating potential impacts on the environment and local communities from energy infrastructure.” In terms of capacity, Ireland’s good news is that there is a plan for 3.5GW

The grid will have to adapt to the growth in renewables and the huge demand from data centres

of offshore wind power by 2030, and Grid supply to data centres in Ireland is on course to be 2,000MW by 2025. The UK target is 70GW of power from offshore wind farms by 2030. Garry Connolly, founder of industry group, Host In Ireland, said: “In Ireland the biggest challenge is the grid. To get from the current +/-2,000MW (1.2GW built and 800MW the in the process) is going to require the grid to transition to smart. That is about physics and time. The data centre operators are becoming active on the demand response side and becoming better grid citizens. They are refreshing the older centres, so managing more data for same inputs of electrons.” Just as the grid itself changes, with more microgrids and large-scale battery energy storage systems becoming more intelligent and more agile with better management, data centres have an opportunity to become part of the solution by becoming bi-directionally gridinteractive. The major UPS suppliers have developed grid interactive UPS systems. This approach is an excellent example of how data centres can support the grid. Adopting sustainable solutions such as participation in demand response will enable the data centre sector to become a good energy partner. During this significant grid energy transition to renewables, the industry cannot exacerbate the problem, especially when it is perfectly placed to be part of the solution. ■ EIBI | NOVEMBER � DECEMBER 2022

07/11/2022 15:20

DATA CENTRE MANAGEMENT

Data centres are estimated to consume over 200TWh globally every year

COVER STORY

● UPS topology, efficiency, and settings; ● airflow management review; and ● best practice assessments. A recent project for a client that was operating at 20 per cent resulted in us being able to switch off half of the UPS systems without affecting resilience, resulting in significant savings. The old adage – you can’t manage what you don’t measure is highly applicable here.

What IT do you have?

Cut power and drive sustainability

Richard Clifford believes huge savings can be made to data centre energy use through a thorough examination of IT use and careful planning at the design stage Richard Clifford Head of solutions at Keysource www.keysource.co.uk

he cost of energy across Europe continues to hit the headlines with an increase of around 200 per cent in some regions. With no signs of it coming down the impact is being felt across the data centre industry alongside significant inflationary increases. As a result, we have already seen casualties with one well-known operator going into administration in part due to its commercial decision to include energy costs within its contracts with no contingency plans to cover the significant increases when they occurred.

Lack of focus on energy use

In our recent State of the Industry report which gathers the views and insights from over 250 IT directors in UK and Europe, 92 per cent of respondents stated they were concerned about the rising costs. For about half of respondents the answer is a move towards renewables and an increase in budget. Less than 50 per cent are looking at reviewing capacity 34

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requirements showing that there is a lack of focus on consumption. These organisations are missing an opportunity as there are several areas to consider when looking to reduce energy consumption which will have the added benefit of increasing sustainability, helping to meet future regulations and legislation. For example, it is worth reviewing any projects that are at the design stage with a renewed focus on energy efficiency and consider solutions such as generating renewable energy on-site, using solar (with energy storage) or hydrogen. Investments that were not previously viable due to cost may well be much more attractive with a much shorter ROI. On average, cooling is typically 35 per cent of PUE so this is another obvious place to look. The increased use of air-to-air cooling, direct and immersed liquid cooling and absorption chillers can significantly reduce usage and there is also the opportunity

It is now worth reviewing new projects with an eye on energy use

to have a direct connection to a district heating system meaning that any excess heat generated can be repurposed for domestic use. For existing data centre facilities there is also an improved ROI on lifecycle replacement as a result of the improved efficiency against the increased costs and so it may be worth considering assessing the impact of bringing those decisions forward.

Design load never met

Another key area that is often overlooked is that the design load for most facilities is hardly ever met. I have routinely seen some operating at below 20 per cent as they were designed to operate at high capacity and are inherently inefficient. So, a quick win with no capital expenditure, is to get an assessment done and then switch things off! At Keysource, our Energy Optimisation Study (EOS) looks at key wins for efficiency, lower operational cost and reduction of carbon. Given the business-critical nature of the environments, any opportunities must present zero or acceptably low risk and not compromise the operation and resilience of the facility, both during and post any change. Typically it includes: ● a cooling redundancy and technology assessment; ● an understanding of cooling controls;

And finally, it is important not to lose sight of the fact that around 65 per cent of power usage is associated with the IT. Most organisations do not truly understand what IT they have, where it is, if it is being used and how old it is. As a result, they are unable to determine how much processing is required and the right number, and type of servers needed. To put this into perspective, a server idling at 20 per cent utilisation will still draw 40-50 per cent power - a not inconsiderable amount of waste when multiplied across the estate. In simple terms by sizing your IT correctly you can ensure you have the required capacity only – whether that means switching things off or buying less from your colocation provider. Data centres are power hungry entities and it is estimated that they consume over 200 terawatt hours (TWh)1 each year globally, more than the national energy consumption of some countries. Alongside rising costs, there is also challenging legislation around the corner such as the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED), the first direct regulation for data centres in the EU. This legislation will bring increased reporting requirements and accountability for operators and providers of digital services. Self-regulatory initiatives, such as The Climate Neutral Data Centre Pact (CNDCP) which requires signatories to make a binding commitment to achieve Power Use Effectiveness (PUE) of between 1.3 and 1.4 in sites built up to 2025, reflect the increased challenges of interventions within operational environments. In addition, the UK and Europe has pledged to reduce its greenhouse-gas emissions to net zero by 2050. It is time to act now and reap the benefits of lower energy costs and a more sustainable operation. ■

Reference

1) IEA Tracking report — September 2022, https:// www.iea.org/reports/data-centres-and-datatransmission-networks EIBI | NOVEMBER � DECEMBER 2022

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DATA CENTRE MANAGEMENT

The sensor needs of data centres

Effective energy management depends on good, accurate, and reliable data. Anu Kätkä looks at the special demands data centres have on monitoring equipment Anu Kätkä Global product manager, Vaisala Industrial Measurements www.vaisala.com

fficient temperature and humidity control is important for the optimal functioning of IT infrastructure. In many modern facilities 99.999 per cent uptime is expected; representing annual downtime of just a few minutes. These extremely high levels of performance are necessary because of the importance and value of the data and processes being handled by the IT infrastructure. In common with all good process efficiency measures, effective energy management relies on the availability of accurate, reliable, continuous monitoring data. So, for data centres, what must be measured, and where? It is necessary to monitor temperature in the aisles and racks, as well as in all spaces, ducts in the ventilation system, cooling system pipes, and outdoors. Naturally, it is vital that the measurement locations are truly representative and that the network of sensors is able to detect any potential cold- or hot-spots.

Challenging to monitor

Larger data halls can be more challenging to monitor because they have a greater potential for spatial temperature variability, so it is important that there are sufficient numbers of temperature sensors to ensure that all servers are monitored. Some servers may be close to a cooling unit and others may be further away; some may be at the bottom of a rack, and others higher up, so there is potential for three-dimensional variability. In addition to a sufficient number of sensors, it is also therefore important for air flow and cooling to be optimally distributed throughout the server room. Most data centres will need to monitor ‘delta T’ – which is commonly defined as the temperature difference between hot and cold aisles. However, in reality, the situation is more complex 36

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because there is more than one delta Ts that needs to be monitored if cooling operations are to be as efficient as possible. The most obvious delta T is the temperature difference in air before and after it passes through the IT equipment. The second frequently measured delta T is the temperature difference across the cooling equipment. However, in reality, the temperature of the air leaving the coolers is rarely the same as the air arriving at the IT equipment. This is usually because of issues such as obstructions, vortices, pressure differentials, air pockets etc. that cause cold air and warm air to mix. Similarly, the temperature of the air leaving the IT equipment is frequently cooler by the time it enters the coolers. This is usually because cooled air mixes with the warmed air for a variety of reasons; all of which indicate inefficiency in air flow management.

Better understanding

By accurately monitoring the delta Ts, data centre managers can gain a better understanding of the factors affecting cooling inefficiency, which can then inform mitigation and improvement measures to fine tune data centre performance. In dry climates evaporative cooling is effective at dissipating heat. In cold climates direct cooling with dry, cold air can be used. In recent years, liquid cooling solutions have become popular because they are more effective at removing heat.

IT equipment can also be adversely affected by humidity; low levels increase the risk of static electricity, so spray or evaporative humidifiers may be necessary. However, high levels of humidity are also to be avoided because they can result in condensation, and the corrosion of metallic equipment. In cooler climates it may be possible to utilise colder outside air to cool data centre equipment in a process known as economisation. The absolute water content of this outside air may be low, and since the relative humidity of air decreases when it is heated, the humidity level may fall below acceptable levels unless appropriate controls are in place. Different types of humidity measurement are required, depending on the location and application. For example, relative humidity and dew point can be measured in rooms, spaces, ducts and outdoors, whereas wet bulb temperatures would be necessary in cooling towers and evaporative humidifiers, and enthalpy sensors may be required for airside economisers.

Large data halls can be challenging to monitor as a result of spatial temperature variability

The investment made in a range of sensors is very small in comparison to the huge gains that they can provide

The three most common sensor configurations for airside economiser control are dry bulb, single enthalpy, and dual enthalpy. While dry bulb control is the simplest method, it may miss potential energy savings by not opening the economiser when the ambient temperature is slightly warmer but relatively dry.

Negligible investment

Dual enthalpy works in a similar way, except that two enthalpy sensors are employed; one monitoring outdoor air, and the other return air. The economiser will run if the outdoor air enthalpy is less than the return enthalpy. Air flow in ducts allows sensors to respond quickly to changing conditions, whereas air movement in rooms and other spaces can be slow, so some data centres prefer to use dew point temperature as a humidity control parameter because it does not depend on the temperature of the sensor. Other sensors that may be deployed at data centres measure differential pressure in ducts and between hot and cold aisles, as well as additional outdoor meteorological parameters such as air pressure, rainfall, wind speed and direction. Investments in accurate, stable measurement systems are negligible in comparison with the value of the systems and information held by data centres. Add the financial and environmental costs of energy inefficiency to the equation, and you have a hugely compelling case for a comprehensive monitoring and control system utilising the most accurate and reliable sensors. ■ EIBI | NOVEMBER � DECEMBER 2022

09/11/2022 12:20

EMEX SHOW PREVIEW

EMEX is offering visitors four topical theatre sessions as well as the chance to talk to over 110 product and service suppliers ●

across the public and the private sector are just a few topics that will be addressed by experts from SBTi, CDP, Planet Mark, MoD, NHS, British Sugar, Hilton Foods, Avara Foods, Climate Sense, The Environment Agency, AstraZeneca, Royal National Lifeboat Institution. The Built Environment and Transport Theatre, sponsored by Honeywell, covers the challenges thrown up by modern business practices, discuss relevant strategies and presents a vast array of low carbon and efficient solutions.

Low-carbon retrofit solutions

Flying the flag for net zero

The UK’s leading conference and exhibition will open its doors once again November 23-24 at London ExCel. EiBI previews what’s on offer to visitors

MEX has become the UK’s must-attend event if you are responsible to drive operational efficiencies, reduce energy costs and lower carbon emissions. EMEX is a FREE to attend event that includes an exhibition and a conference that is expected to attract up to 4,000 attendees. Across the two days, more than 110 exhibitors will unveil the latest technology and showcase a broad range of energy efficient solutions and services available right now from building controls, lighting, HVAC, CHP, EC fans to sensors, IoT, energy storage, EV charging and renewables. Participants include: Vinci Facilities, Honeywell, Johnsons Controls, ebm-papst, BSI, ABB, Energy in Buildings and Industry, Inenco, Vexo International, Planet Mark, ClearVUE, Carlo Gavazzi, National Grid ESO and many more.

Four free topical theatres

More than 50 case studies, expert presentations and panel sessions will be delivered in four free topical theatres open for you to drop in at your convenience on either or both days of the event. ● Energy and Carbon Management - Career and Training, Regulation and Compliance, and Best Practice; ● Net Zero and Sustainability – Strategies, Visions, Reporting, and Transformational Change; ● Built Environment and Transport - Low Carbon Retrofit, EV and Charging Infrastructure, Case Studies; and

● Energy Future and Flexible Networks - Demand-Side Response DSR, Battery Storage, and Renewables. Visitors to EMEX can expect to meet champions and key decision makers from across a wide spectrum of major energy using industry sectors who have successfully implemented substantial energy efficiency measures.

Government representatives

Over 100 first class speakers including industry experts, leading practitioners, and key representatives from UK government departments and agencies will impart their knowledge. They will be complimented by interactive discussion panels throughout the event, allowing for indepth learning and knowledge delivery. Alongside over 50 seminars, workshops, interactive discussion panels allowing for in-depth learning and maximum networking opportunities throughout the two days.

Big names featuring

Here are some of the big names featuring on the speaker programme: ● Day 1: Friends of the Earth CoExecutive Director Hugh Knowles, Baroness Bennett of Manor Castle, Lord Whitty, Lord Teverson and Lord Redesdale. ● Day 2: National Grid’s off peak energy rebate scheme will be explained. BBC Group Sustainability Director Danielle Mulder, and AstraZeneca Director Procurement Sustainability Robert Williams.

● The Energy and Carbon Management Strategy Theatre, sponsored by Johnson Controls, allows you to navigate latest sustainability regulations, bring clarity to your strategies and learn best practices. Topics include ISO certifications, ESOS, SECR, carbon offsets and voluntary carbon markets, external vs in-house expertise, energy transition, home working emissions and more. ● The Sustainability and Net Zero Theatre, sponsored by ClearVUE, reviews all effective techniques and opportunities for change from leading professionals across various sectors delivering significant results and creating a clearer path to Net Zero. A range of common challenges, work themes, opportunities visions and strategies, from SMES to large company reporting to climate change adaptation, will be explored. ● Science Based Targets, Scope 3 emissions, Climate Risk Assessment, Adaptation and Resilience, Net Zero best practice

The Net Zero & Energy Management Expo

EXCEL, LONDON 23-24 NOVEMBER 2022

Full seminar programme, speaker line up and exhibitor lists are available at www.emexlondon.com

Practical deployment of EV fleet, charging infrastructure and payment simplification, implementation of low-carbon retrofit solutions, IoT and big data, operational efficiency and embodied carbon reduction will be discussed by leading practitioners from DPD Group, Mitie, National Grid, JLL, Lloyds Banking Group, Galliford Try, Buro Happold, Innovate UK, Office of Government Property, and Crown Commercial Services. ● Finally, the Energy Future and Flexible Networks Theatre, sponsored by National Grid ESO explores the challenges of balancing energy demand with supply while reducing costs and meeting carbon emissions targets. Grid modernisation is required to meet energy supply while disruptive technologies are empowering users to generate and store energy from renewable sources as well as participate in the flexible networks. Speakers include National Grid, SolarEdge SMS plc, BEIS, Coventry Building Society, Inenco, Powerstar, Granular Energy, the ADE and Travis Perkins.

Knowledge and expertise

With such diverse solutions, knowledge and expertise on offer, it is not surprising that Coca-Cola, NHS, Home Office, British Airways, Lloyds Banking Group, Hilton Worldwide, Boots, TATA, Galliford Try, Babcock International, Landsec, Ministry of Defence, AstraZeneca, Sodexo, JLL, Amazon, BAE Systems, Tesco, Ofgem, Network Rail, Mitie, CBRE, BT, Vodafone, and many county and city councils are already registered to attend. Finally, the central networking area sponsored by Atlas Copco and Stark has been significantly enhanced to ensure that attendees can meet and exchange ideas and experiences with their peers in a very relaxed environment. ■

You can register for FREE now at www.emexlondon.com/register-now EIBI | NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2022

EIBI_1122_037_(M).indd 1

07/11/2022 16:09

EMEX SHOW PREVIEW

THEATRE 2 Sustainability and Net Zero

Look, listen and learn EXCEL, LONDON 23-24 NOVEMBER 2022

The Net Zero & Energy Management Expo

Come listen to over 100 speakers including industry experts, leading practitioners, and key representatives from UK government departments and agencies THEATRE 1 Energy & Carbon Management Strategy

Career | Training & Skills | Regulation & Compliance | Best Practice

Wednesday 23 Nov 2022

Thursday 24 Nov 2022

● 11:00 - 11:25 Using Big Data to facilitate an Energy Manager’s role

● 11:00 - 11:50 What’s the role of Gas in the UK energy transition?

James Butterworth, Network Energy Specialist Vodafone UK

● 11:30 - 11:55 Home Working Emissions

Darren Sear, Global Head of Engineering, Energy and Environment, Standard Chartered Bank & Matteo Deidda Senior Sustainability Manager, Lloyds Banking Group plc

● 12:00 - 12:50 Question Time : where is the way out of UK’s energy crisis?

Baroness Bennett of Manor Castle, Life peer, Green Party, Lord Larry Whitty Member of the Advisory Committee on Business Appointments Labour, Lord Robin Teverson Lords Spokesperson on Energy and Climate Change Liberal Democrat, Lord Rupert Redesdale Chair

● 13:00 - 13:25 Carbon journey to net zero

Murray Sayce Global Head - Sustainability Assurance Services BSI

● 14:00 - 14:50 How to build an Energy Management Team and Strategy

Lee Lacey, Facility Director ExCeL London, Sophie Mason, Energy & Sustainability Lead Coventry Building Society, and Suki Gilliland Senior Energy Manager Vodafone UK

● 15:00 - 16:20 Net-Zero, Carbon Offsets and Voluntary Carbon Markets

Andrea Abrahams, Managing Director International Carbon Reduction and Offset Alliance (ICROA), Andrew Baker, UK Woodland Carbon Markets Advisor Scottish Forestry, Ben Rattenbury, VP Policy Sylvera, Emma Watson, Head of Standards Science Based Targets initiative, and Maria Carvalho, Head of Climate Economics and Data NatWest Group

EIBI_1122_038_(MT).indd 1

Andy Cooper UK Sales Manager, Clarke Energy, Caroline Bragg Head of Policy The ADE, Fei Zheng Energy Capital Projects Manager, Islington Council and Gary Collins Sales Manager Edina UK Ltd

● 12:00 - 12:25 Achieving carbon neutrality – Carbon Offset Guide

Strategies | Visions | Reporting | Transformational Change | Adaptation

Wednesday 23 Nov 2022

Thursday 24 Nov 2022

● 10.10 – 10.50 Science-Based Targets: How Procurement Can Succeed in Reducing Supply Chain Scope 3 Emissions

● 10:00 - 10:50 Net Zero Best Practices Across the Public Sector

Sonya Bhonsle, Global Head of Value Chains & Regional Director Corporations CDP

● 11:00 - 11:50 Sustainability: Going Beyond the Legislative Imperative Scott Armstrong COO, Planet Mark

● 12:00 - 12:25 There is no such thing as a Just Transition

Hugh Knowles Co-Executive Director, Friends of the Earth

● 12:25 - 12:55 Utilising Big Data and Energy Management Systems to Develop a Successful Carbon Emissions Reporting Roadmap

Lord Rupert Redesdale Chair, Mike Tournier Carbon Reduction SME

Dan Smith, Director of Energy Services, ClearVUE.Business

● 13:00 - 13:25 How does ESOS fit in your Net Zero Journey

● 13:00 - 13:50 How do you build resilience against climate change in the food supply chain?

George Richards Director, JRP Solutions

● 14:00 - 14:25 Greater Manchester Local Energy Market

Craig Morley Energy Manager Bruntwood, and Sean Owen, Head of Low Carbon Greater Manchester Combined Authority

● 14:30 - 14:55 Putting Renewable Energy On The Curriculum: How Coventry City Council Created Solar-Powered Schools

Emma Piercy, Head of Climate Change & Energy Policy, Food and Drink Federation, Phil McNaughton, Company Environment Manager, British Sugar, and Tom Maidment, Group Product Sustainability Senior Manager, Hilton Foods

● 14:00 - 14:50 Planning for Climate Change Adaptation

Christelle Barnes UK Country Manager, SolarEdge Technologies, and Lowell Lewis SHEQ Manager Coventry City Council

John Dora, Director, Technical lead, Climate Sense, Julie Foley, Director of Flood Risk Strategy and National Adaptation, The Environment Agency, Paul Sayer, Partner, Sayers and Partners, and Richard Dawson, Director of Research, School of Engineering, Newcastle University

● 15:00 - 15:25 Local Authorities Supporting the Energy Transition – The West Sussex Story

● 15:00 - 15:50 Climate Change: Climate Risk Assessment, Adaptation and Resilience

Daire Casey Energy Services Manager, West Sussex County Council

Gillian Brown, Head of Property Sustainability, Office of Government Property. Other panellists to be confirmed

● 11:00 - 11:25 Building a Refillable Beverage Market in the UK

Brian Matuszewski, Chief Partnerships Officer, AGAIN, Luiz Brandão, Procurement and Sustainability Manager, Anheuser-Busch InBev

● 11:30 - 11:55 Engaging with your supply chain to reduce scope 3 emissions Robert Williams, Director Procurement Sustainability, AstraZeneca

● 12:00 - 12:25 Balancing methane

Cees Jan Hollander, Global Farming Expertise Manager, Danone

● 13:00 - 13:25 Utilising Big Data and Energy Management Systems to Develop a Successful Carbon Emissions Reporting Roadmap Dan Smith, Director of Energy Services, ClearVUE.Business

● 14:30 - 14:55 Net Zero – the defence approach

Richard Nugee, Lieutenant General (Retd), MoD

● 14:00 - 14:25 BBC story on Net Zero so far

Danielle Mulder, Group Sustainability Director, BBC

● 15:00 - 15:25 Sustainable Decarbonisation – More Than Just Carbon Reduction

Victoria Limbrick, Energy & Environmental Resources Manager, Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI)

Asheya Patten, Operations Director, Nemo Link, Baishakhi Sengupta, Environmental Sustainability & Governance Strategic Consultant, Avara Food, J Spence, Seaman Senior Advisor & Climate Change Manager, Environment Agency. And Sam Nixson, Social Innovation Business (SIB) Hitachi Europe

EIBI | NOVEMBER � DECEMBER 2022

07/11/2022 16:12

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EMEX SHOW PREVIEW

THEATRE 3 Built Environment and Transport Low Carbon Retrofit | EV & Charging Infrastructure | Case Studies

Wednesday 23 Nov 2022 ● 10:30 - 11:20 Sharing Practical Learnings from Large Scale EV Deployments

Lorna McAtear, Fleet Manager, Global Procurement National Grid, Matthew Dale, Transport Lead Consultant, Mitie Plan Zero, Olly Craughan, Head of CSR, DPD Group UK Ltd

● 11:30 -11.55 Simplifying EV charging payments for fleets at home, in public and the workplace Ashley Tate, CEO & Co-Founder, Mina, Dee Humphries, Managing Director of EV Solutions, EQUANS UK & Ireland

● 12:00 - 12:25 How smart is your building? Use your building data to drive energy savings Tony Wright, Head of Digital, ebm-papst UK Ltd

● 12:30 - 12:55 Reducing the environmental impact of buildings through technology Aditya Kumar, Director, Energy & Sustainability Honeywell

● 13:00 - 13:50 Accelerating net zero through climate technology in energy and sustainable transport

Matt Pumfrey, CEO Innovation Gateway, Nicholas Head, Head of Sustainability, XPO Logistics Europe, and Tracie Callaghan, Innovation Lead, Climate Data and Technology, NatWest

● 14:00 - 14:50 Bridging the gap between net zero strategy and execution – how digitisation is driving ESG outputs & operational efficiencies

Jo Sutherland Managing Director, Magenta, Michael Birnie, Director, Energy Services, JLL, Reza Alaghehband, Director Envio product at JLL/T, Shane Betts, Head of Corporate Accounts, Integral UK

● 15:00 - 15:25 Innovating towards Net Zero

Daniel Coakley, Sustainability Manager, Lloyds Banking Group, Deryck Woofdord, Business Development Manager, The Energy Savers , and Zainab Dangana,Head of Sustainable Technology, Wates

● 15:30 - 15:55 Moonshots: de-risking early stage technology trials Jordan Fletcher, Investment, Innovate UK KTN, Oliver Woolley, CEO and CoFounder Envestors

● 16:00 - 16:10 Data Driven Energy Reduction Projects

Sam Mudie, Energy Officer, University of Reading

● 16:10 - 16:20 Reducing the King’s Cross estate carbon footprint, from energy supply to tenant demand in a joined-up approach

Gary Bark, Managing Director, Optimised Buildings Ltd

THEATRE 4 Energy Future and Flexible Networks Renewable technologies | Battery Storage | Demand Side Response | Security of Supply This theatre explores the challenges of balancing energy demand with supply while reducing costs and meeting carbon emissions targets. Grid modernisation is required to meet energy supply while disruptive technologies are empowering users to monitor and manage demand. The agenda was being prepared as EiBI went to press but confirmed speakers include: Geoff Ellison, Director, Dragon Drilling, Fei Zheng Energy Capital Projects Manager, Islington Council, Neil Lawson, Technical & Operations Director, GI Energy, and Sophie Mason, Energy & Sustainability Lead, Coventry Building Society

EIBI_1122_040_(MT).indd 1

The Net Zero & Energy Management Expo

● 16:20 - 16:30 EXCEL, LONDON High Temperature Heat Pumps – Enabling Rapid Decarbonisation of Buildings Harry O’Farrell, Chief Commercial Officer, ActionZero

● 16:30 - 16:40 The Energy Blind Spots – Obtaining maximum benefit from critical plant and equipment data Speaker to be announced

Full seminar programme, speaker line up and exhibitor lists are available at www.emexlondon.com

● 12:30 - 12:55 NOVEMBER 2022 23-24 How to create and maintain carbon reduction solutions for the built environment, driving towards a Net Zero future. Matt Hickman, Head of Proposals, VINCI Facilities Building Solutions Midlands, Paul Lynch, Head of Energy & Water Management, VINCI Facilities

● 13:00 - 13:25 Living with V2H- an installer/ user reflections on the benefits and savings of vehicle-to-home usages

Thursday 24 Nov 2022

James Kearnes,Principle Technical Manager, SES, and Luke Osborne,Energy & Emerging Technologies Solutions Advisor, ECA

● 10:30 - 11:20 Strategies to Reduce Embodied Carbon in the Built Environment

● 14:00 - 14:25 Public Procurement and Net Zero – How to Tender

Natasha Watson, Embodied Carbon – UK Lead Associate, Buro Happold | Structures, Poppy Parsons, Low Carbon Construction Lead, Galliford Try, and Steve Malkin,CEO and Founder, PlanetMark

● 11:30 - 11:55 Building renovation: where circular economy and climate meet Gisela McIntosh, Associate Architect – Sustainability, NPS Leeds

● 12:00 - 12:25 Discover Complete Energy Management with Connected Power

Gillian Brown, Head of Property Sustainability, Office of Government Property, Joe Tilley, Sustainability and Strategic Portfolio Director, Crown Commercial Service

● 14:30 - 14:55 Net-Zero Carbon: What does Good Look like? Alex Gee Operations Director, NPS Peterborough, Norse Group, Fiona Fanning, Executive Director, SPACES and Steve Rufus, SPACES President | Lead Manager -Building Design & Delivery Assets & Property, Dorset Council

Neil Brown, Senior Offering Manager, MK Electric by Honeywell

COME MEET THE EXPERTS

Over 110 organisations will head to EMEX to display a wide variety of products and services from building controls to EV solutions ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

2G Energy ABB Action Zero Acutrace Atlas Copco Autoflame Services and Support AW Synergy Boreholes Axair Fans B2B Energy The British Compressed Air Society Birdsall BK Labtech BKBD Bri-Tek Technologies BSI Carlo Gavazzi CIM Enviro Clarke Energy ClearVue Climate Change Professionals CMC NV CPA Engineered Solutions Czech Trade

● Datore ● Diligent Boardbooks ESG ● Drive Electric ● DT Gen ● ebm-papst UK ● Electrical Contractors’ Association ● EcoSync ● Edina ● Energy in Buildings & Industry ● Elcomponent ● Emissis ● Endo Enterprises ● Energise ● Energy Elephant ● Energy Optimisation Solutions ● The Environment Times ● Enershield Air Barriers ● ENWA ● Equans ● Everun ● EWT ● Faradai ● Florawise

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

Flow&Ebb Flowbox FM Publications Forest Rock Systems Galooli GEMchem Granular Energy Grid Edge Gridicity Gridimp Ground Source Heat Pump Association Hark Systems Heliex Power Hex Energy Honeywell HPC Compressed Air Systems Hysopt IC Synergy Ignite Inenco Infrared Heating Supplies Ingersoll Rand IngSoft Innovatium

● Invisible Systems ● IP Enclosures UK ● iScape ● Janitza ● Johnson Controls ● JRP Solutions ● Lightfi ● Low Carbon ● Mark Allen Exhibitions ● McGrady Clarke measurable.energy ● Mina ● MK Electric ● MRI Software ● Mycroft Mind ● National Grid ESO ● Netcontrol UK ● NewFound Energy ● NFU Energy ● Nicotra-Gebhardt ● Normative IO ● Novus ● Omni ● OnGen ● Optimised Group ● Pilot Group ● Planet Mark

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

Power Capacitors Power Responsive Powerstar Simble SMS plc Society of Operations Engineers Solaredge Space4 Climate SPACES Stark Steinel Tal tag The Engineer The Water Retail Company Toward Carbon Zero Turntide TWinFM Vexo International Vinci WEG What’s the Payback Zeihl Abegg

EIBI | NOVEMBER � DECEMBER 2022

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EIBI_1122_002-0 Edit_Layout 1 09/11/2022 11:51 Page 41

NEW PRODUCTS

HEAT PUMPS

HEATING SYSTEM ADDITIVES

Boiler manufacturer takes first steps in to heat pump market with range from 14 to 70kW

Heating system additive can deliver 'significant energy saving'

HAMWORTHY HEATING has launch of its first ever monobloc air source heat pump range, the Tyneham, designed to meet UK efficiency requirements in commercial applications. The new range is claimed to offer superb operational reliability, excellent quality, and outstanding performance. One of the smallest commercial heat pumps on the market, it features a co-efficiency of performance (CoP) rating of up to 4.85. The seven models in the range boast six nominal outputs of between 14 to 70kW, which can also be cascaded to achieve higher outputs in larger installations. Incorporating inverter controller compressor to accurately match the heat demand, RG32 refrigerant also maximises low global warming potential.

Visitors to EMEX 2022 can find out more about Endo Enterprises’ ENDOTHERM and EndoCool energy saving additives for heating / cooling systems. The company says they can deliver significant energy and cost savings as well as substantial reduction of carbon emissions. EndoTherm creates a larger thermal contact area on the inside of radiators/AHU chemically (not physically) by reducing the surface tension of the water in any heating system. Changing the surface tension of heating system fluid essentially makes it “wetter”. EndoTherm breaks down the Hydrogen bonds within the fluid resulting in a 60 per cent “wetter” fluid when compared with standard water. A wetter fluid can access and improve contact with the micro-cracks and unavoidable imperfections within a radiator, boiler tube or heat exchanger. Increased thermal contact improves the efficiency of heat transfer into a building.

Quiet running and featuring a monobloc design, all components are conveniently housed in the main unit which is compact and lightweight for ease of commission and installation. Available to purchase with variable options such as,

flexible hoses, anti-vibration feet, externally mounted control units, and single-phase units, Tyneham air source heat pumps can also be combined with Hamworthy modular boilers for a hybrid heating system. www.hamworthy-heating.com

As more heat is lost into the room, the water in the system has less energy and returns to the boiler cooler. This cooler return allows modern boilers to condensate more and recover more latent heat from the water reducing the workload of the boiler to heat back up again. This means that even the most modern and energy efficient systems with EndoTherm can use less fuel to maintain the desired or thermostatically set temperature when compared with water only systems. www.endotherm.co.uk

TALKING HEADS / ELLEN HUELIN

Take a look at the whole process

Ellen Huelin takes a look at the proposed Part Z amendment to the Building Regulations and the concept of embodied carbon regulation.

espite research by the UK Green Building Council (Nov 2021) showing that embodied carbon emissions due to the construction process, maintenance and demolition of buildings, created 40 to 50m tonnes of CO₂ annually – more than aviation and shipping combined, the UK government has failed to regulate the embodied carbon cost of construction while focusing solely on operational emissions. As a result, experts in the field of decarbonisation have worked together to develop a proposal for amendments to the Building Regulations that could be used to mandate the reporting and limiting of carbon emissions. Without such regulation the UK could easily fail to meet its ambitious carbon emissions targets.

Construction process ignored There has been a great deal of focus trained on the energy efficiency of properties being built and operational emissions, but not enough attention has been paid to the sustainable aspect of the construction process. I agree with the authors of the proposed amendments to The Building Regulations 2010 that there is the need for legislation to be introduced that would ensure that embodied carbon is assessed on all projects as part of a comprehensive whole-life carbon assessment. The House of Commons’ Environmental Audit Committee agrees. In its report in May 2022 entitled Building to net Zero: costing carbon in construction, it states that the single most significant policy the government could introduce is a mandatory requirement to undertake a whole-life carbon assessment for buildings and that this requirement 42

EIBI_1122_042_(MT).indd 1

should be set within building regulations and the planning system. It says the government should then develop progressively bolder carbon targets for buildings, with a clear timeline for its introduction in place by the end of 2022.

Government listening

This is the biggest indication yet that the government is beginning to listen to our industry which has been actively supporting the concept behind a new Part Z and recognising that, as a result of a lack of policy, no real progress has been made in reducing embodied carbon emissions within the built environment. Whitecode has a great deal of experience carrying out whole life-cycle carbon (WLC) emission assessments, that consider operational as well as embodied carbon emissions together over a project’s expected life cycle, because the London Plan (policy SI 2) sets out a requirement for development proposals to calculate and reduce WLC emissions as part of a WLC assessment. London has an ambitious target to become zero-carbon by 2050, but even the London Plan has no specific embodied carbon targets, only ones around reducing

We need to be able to re-use construction materials again and again carbon in operation. Outside London it seems that only the most forwardthinking developers or those where sustainability is their Unique Selling Point (USP) are carrying out voluntary whole-life carbon assessments. Policy change will be the quickest route to transform the industry so that we can match countries including the Netherlands, France and Sweden who already regulate embodied carbon emissions. It is frustrating that we are lagging behind others when we have an industry that is calling for it! Any new policy needs to be progressive otherwise the industry will not achieve substantive change. The government’s Future Homes and Buildings Standard will ensure that all future homes will be net zero ready from 2025, if new regulations around embodied carbon emissions don’t come into play soon, this will be a standard that will be difficult to meet.

Urgent need for regulation

We also need regulation and quickly, around the use of sustainable construction materials to ensure that as an industry we are working towards net-zero. To do this I believe the government needs to incentivise their use and their development. We need to consider the circular economy. We know that we shouldn’t be putting things into landfill and that we should be looking to recycle where possible, but we don’t want to just be able to recycle; we need to be able to re-use construction materials again and again. We need to look at how functional and adaptable they are and ensure they are designed for assembly so they can be remodelled and repurposed. We can no longer just stick materials together if we want to work towards a whole life-cycle approach. Industry standardisation will

support moves to regulate embodied carbon. Notes on the proposed Part Z say that a cross-industry team is developing a free-to-use Built Environment Carbon Database (BECD) that will be launched this year, the idea being that it minimises the cost and complexity of the process of measuring embodied carbon.

Vital standardisation

The BECD will also include a product database. The standardisation and bringing together of information is vital to allow new regulations to be easily implemented. The government needs to adopt this approach by standardising methodology, creating reporting frameworks and setting minimum targets for the construction sector. Industry support for regulation is clear, with major developers and industry bodies stepping forward to support the concept of Part Z. I am also seeing a change of mindset coming from within the sector around environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG). Recently I have been asked by a number of clients for advice around ESG and one client has asked me to join their sustainability steering group to help them with the mechanisms of placing sustainability intrinsically within their business. These are positive developments that demonstrate a real appetite by companies to accelerate their reduction in carbon emissions. The government needs to recognise that the construction industry is ready and willing for change. The time is now.

Ellen Huelin

Head of sustainability at Whitecode EIBI | NOVEMBER � DECEMBER 2022

07/11/2022 17:45

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