essential german gramar

Page 169

Word order

144

Subject and object noun phrases have the order NOMINATIVE – DATIVE – ACCUSATIVE: topic

bracket1

nominative

dative

accusative

bracket2

Gestern

hat

der Nachbar

meinem Vater

diese Videos

geliehen.

Hat

Monika

seiner Freundin

etwas

gesagt?

…, dass

die Chefin

den Angestellten

mehr Geld

versprach.

9.7 The position of adverbials Adverbials in the central section are usually positioned after a DATIVE noun object and before an ACCUSATIVE noun object:

topic

bracket1

pron.

dative

adverbial

accusative

bracket2

Dann

hat

er

meinem Vater

trotzdem

diese Videos

geliehen.

Hat

er

seiner Freundin

am Sonntag

kein Geschenk

gebracht?

…, dass

sie

den Angestellten

vielleicht

mehr Geld

versprach.

If there is more than one adverbial in the central section of the clause, they tend to be placed in the order attitude – time – reason – place – manner:

topic bracket1 attitude time

reason

Uwe

musste

leider

am Montag wegen des Unfalls

Ihr

werdet

wohl

nachher

Sie

haben

offenbar

heute

place

manner bracket2 operiert werden.

zu Hause fest trotz des Wetters in Köln

gut

schlafen. gespielt.

NB The traditional rule for the order of adverbials, time – manner – place, is misleading since it ignores the distinction between adverbials and complements. DIRECTION/PLACE COMPLEMENTS come after adverbials of manner, but ADVERBIALS of place normally come before adverbials of manner.

Adverbials of manner tend to follow all other adverbials and also follow an accusative noun object since they directly define the action of the verb:

topic

bracket1

other elements

accusative

manner

bracket2

Dann

hat

er dem Spieler

den Ball

unvorsichtig

zugeworfen.

Hat

die Feuerwehr

den Brand

schnell

gelöscht?

..., dass

sie

das Stück

zu langsam

gespielt haben.

The order of adverbials and noun objects can vary for emphasis. The neutral word order given above tends to place the emphasis on the action of the verb with its objects and complement.


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essential german gramar by Emerson Eduardo Rodrigues - Issuu