gender identity or sexual orientation, of aiming to cause panic or to frighten others, is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment.366 Moreover, Article 4 of the Employment Directive prohibits discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. However, Article 22 of the Equal Treatment Act states that the principle of equal treatment is not violated if the differentiation is proportionate, justified by the characteristics or nature of the job and is based on all relevant and legitimate terms and conditions that may be taken into consideration in the course of recruitment; or if the differentiation arises directly from a religious or other ideological conviction or national or ethnic origin fundamentally determining the nature of the organisation, and it is proportional and justified by the nature of the employment activity or the conditions of its pursuit.367 The Equal Treatment Act prohibits discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation for access to goods and services in Article 30 and in other spheres of life in Article 31.368 However, the constitution does not explicitly prohibit discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation369. Moreover, there is no national equality action plan which contains measures tackling discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation.370 Thus, the Fundamental Law of Hungary includes non-discrimination law. However, we find relatively high levels of anti-immigrant attitudes, racism, anti-Semitism and sexism in Hungary.371 The most vulnerable group from the point of view of discrimination is that of the Roma, which constitutes 4–7 per cent of the country’s population.372 Despite some positive legislative changes and significant amounts spent on integration programs, the Roma still face deeply rooted discrimination in education, employment, health care, housing and access to goods and services.373 The Equal Treatment Authority received 1,496 complaints of discrimination in total in 2013, which marks a more than one-and –a-half fold increase over the rate experienced in previous years.374 The Authority launched proceedings on the basis of petitions in 589 cases. Most 366 Government of Hungary. (2012). Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/4602286/Criminal_Code_of_Hungary_2012 367 Government of Hungary. (2003). Act CXXV of 2003 on Equal Treatment and the Promotion of Equal Opportunities. Retrieved from http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cescr/docs/E.C.12.HUN.3-Annex3.pdf 368 Government of Hungary. (2003). Act CXXV of 2003 on Equal Treatment and the Promotion of Equal Opportunities. Retrieved from http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cescr/docs/E.C.12.HUN.3-Annex3.pdf 369 ILGA Europe. (2014). Legal summary in details on Hungary. Retrieved from http://www.ilgaeurope.org/home/guide_europe/country_by_country/hungary/legal 370 ILGA Europe. (2014). Legal summary in details on Hungary. Retrieved from http://www.ilgaeurope.org/home/guide_europe/country_by_country/hungary/legal 371 Zick, A., Küpper, B., & Hövermann, A. (2011). Intolerance, prejudice and discrimination: A European report. Retrieved from http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/do/07908-20110311.pdf 372 Kádár, A. (2013). Executive summary: Country report Hungary on measures to combat discrimination. Retrieved from http://www.non-discrimination.net/countries/hungary 373 Kádár, A. (2013). Executive summary: Country report Hungary on measures to combat discrimination. Retrieved from http://www.non-discrimination.net/countries/hungary 374 Equal Treatment Authority. (2014). Report on the activity of the Equal Treatment Authority in 2013 and on the experiences gathered in the context of applying Act CXXV of 2003 on Equal Treatment and the Promotion of
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