Discover B2 First for School - Sample by ELI Publishing

Rhiannon Ball Simara Dal’Alba Joyce Gomes Monica Bicalho

DISCOVER B2 FIRST for Schools

• Authentic videos • Mock test • Online resources

STUDENT’S BOOK & WORKBOOK FOR THE REVISED EXAM FROM 2024

The pleasure of learning

PUBLISHING

Welcome to DISCOVER B2 FIRST for Schools How your coursebook works Let’s start • Meaningful images and vocabulary exercises introduce the topic of the unit and get you talking • Mind maps, diagrams, tables help categorise and memorise the new words Reading • The reading texts will stimulate your curiosity, while the graded activities will lead you to discover how the exam part works, with the added help of useful exam tips Vocabulary • Topic vocabulary introduced through communicative activities Listening • Download and listen to all audio files and do the exercises using the ELI Link App Discover Grammar • A section to discover how English works and to refine your language skills. Each grammar point is introduced by tables and rules, and followed by exercises Discover Language • Learn and practise extra vocabulary, phrasal verbs, collocations and useful phrases to get you speaking using the real language Writing • A whole page dedicated to developing writing skills and to the writing part of the exam. Useful tips and strategies will lead you to succeed Speaking • A step-by-step approach with pre-teaching activities, pairwork, role plays and presentations will help you build confidence and extend your proficiency in oral production; realistic videos will show you how to prepare for the exam task 2

Revision • Every other unit a two-page section with activities to revise and consolidate grammar structures, vocabulary and language usage Writing Bank – Speaking Bank • This section presents examples of several types of writing and speaking tasks with tips Grammar Bank with Practice • In this section you will find a detailed and thorough grammar reference with extra practice to deepen and consolidate what you have learned in the units Workbook • You will find extra practice of all exam parts, grammar and vocabulary in the workbook pages Mock test • The coursebook ends with a mock test of the exam complete with all papers, including photos and illustrations for the Speaking Paper 3

Contents

UNITS

VOCABULARY

1 Have you been eating well? p. 6

• Healthy eating • Adjectives for food

2 Life used to be offline

• Social media • Advertising

p. 14

Revision 1-2 p. 22

3 Cultural awareness

• Culture • Body language

p. 24

4 Science and technology

• Technology • Science

p. 32

Revision 3-4 p. 40

5 The environment needs protection p. 42

• Natural resources and environmental problems • Environmental solutions

6 Festivals and • Festivals

culture

• Music

p. 50

Revision 5-6 p. 58

7 The future of work

• Work • Personal qualities

p. 60

8 Body and mind

• Health and well- being

p. 68 • Body and mind

Revision 7-8 p. 76

9 Money matters

• Money and finance • Verb phrases and

p. 78 idioms about money

10 Emotions and feelings p. 86

• Feelings and emotions • Verbs to talk about emotions

Revision 9-10 p. 94

11 Keep yourself entertained p. 96

• Entertainment • Adjectives to describe entertainment

12 Trying limitless experiences

• Extreme sports • Sports equipment

p. 104 Revision 11-12 p. 112 Writing and Speaking Bank

p. 114

READING AND USE OF ENGLISH Part 6 • A text about trying new food

LISTENING Part 2 • A talk about greenwashing

PRONUNCIATION • // and /t/ sounds

Part 5 • A text about social media influence

Part 3 • Five extracts about social media

• English words in different languages – word stress

Part 3 • A text about Australia’s new banknotes Part 2 • A text about artificial intelligence in healthcare

Part 3 • Five extracts about experiences with culture shock Part 4 • An interview with a science blogger

• letter a • Silent letters in words – the letter p

Part 1 • A text about the Amazon Rainforest

Part 1 • Eight short, unrelated extracts

• Different spellings for sound //

Part 6 • A text about carnival celebrations in Brazil and Italy

Part 2 • A monologue about being a music student

• The schwa //

Part 7 • A text about remote working

Part 3 • Five extracts about being a digital nomad

• Word stress (content words)

Part 4 • Sentence transformation about the ‘power of silence’

Part 4 • Radio interview with a psychiatrist about teenagers and stress

• Sentence stress

Part 1 • An article on financial education for children and teenagers Part 5 • An extract from The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wild

Part 1 • Eight short, unrelated extracts Part 2 • A monologue about a case study

• Silent letters • Weak form of have • -ed/-ing adjectives

Part 2 • A text about entertainment ideas for a slow day Part 6 • An article about perseverance in extreme sports

Part 3 • Five short extracts about working in the entertainment industry Part 4 • An interview with a scuba diving instructor

• Connected speech • Connected speech – intrusion

Grammar Bank p. 136

DISCOVER GRAMMAR • Present perfect simple and continuous • Comparatives and superlatives • Past simple and past continuous • Past perfect simple and past perfect continuous • used to and get used to • Gerunds and infinitives • so, such, too, enough • Passive (all verb tenses) • Impersonal passive • Uncountable nouns • Plural and collective nouns • Direct and indirect objects • Zero and first conditionals • Second conditional • Defining and non-defining relative clauses • Expressions with whom and which • Prepositions – Revision • Reported speech • Reporting verbs • Reported questions • Third conditional • Mixed conditionals • Past modals of deduction • wish and if only • Future continuous • Future perfect • Future perfect continuous • Causatives • Expressing obligation and prohibition

DISCOVER LANGUAGE • Cooking verbs • Verbs of senses • Collocations – social media • Prepositional phrases

WRITING Part 1 • An essay about greenwashing Part 2 • A review of a social media platform

• Commonly confused verbs • Phrasal verbs related to technology • Verb phrases related to technology • Verb phrases and phrasal verbs • Phrasal verbs with call • Phrasal verbs with bring • Phrasal verbs with get

Part 2 • An email explaining your culture Part 2 • An article about artificial intelligence Part 1 • An essay about global warming Part 2 • A review of a music festival

• Word building – adjectives to nouns • Collocations related to work skills • Easily confused words • Phrasal verbs related to health

Part 1 • An essay about adapting to future job market Part 2 • A letter about places to relax in your town

• Collocations and phrasal verbs • Word formation • Confusing verbs

Part 1 • An essay about making a monthly budget Part 2 • A story beginning with a prompt

• Adverbs and adverbial phrases • Extreme adjectives and intensifiers • Compound words • Collocations with make and do

Part 2 • A review of a TV series Part 2 • An email about a holiday to a mountain resort

SPEAKING Part 1 • Answering personal questions Part 3 • Discuss entertaining features of social media platforms Part 2 • Comparing photographs about art and celebrations Part 4 • Answering questions about the impact of technology Part 3 • Discussing a global warming campaign at school Part 4 • Talking about festivals Part 1 • Answering personal questions Part 2 • Comparing photographs about coping with stress and causing anxiety Part 3 • Talking about life-changing financial decisions Part 4 • Talking about life changes Part 2 • Comparing photographs about entertainment shows and acting Part 4 • Talking about extreme sports

Workbook p. 167

Mock Test p. 228 5

Have you been eating well?

Let’s start • Healthy eating 1 Match the sentences (a–e) to the photos (1–5). a Junk food isn’t good for you, but it’s delicious! b I try to avoid foods that are high in artificial sugar. c It’s better to eat lean meat than red meat. d Eating the correct portion size is as important as what you eat. e I feel better after I eat foods that are low in fat. 2 Label the healthy eating food plate with the words in the box. What foods can you see in each food group? carbohydrate • dairy • fat • fibre • protein • vitamins and minerals 1 ___________________

4n 5n

2 ___________________

5 ___________________

3 ___________________ 4 ___________________

3 Work in pairs. Look at exercises 1 and 2 again. Answer the questions. 1 What food groups can you identify in the photos 1–5? 2 Which of the statements in exercise 1 are true for you? Why? 3 How similar does your plate look to the one in exercise 2?

1 Reading and use of English

Part 6 In Reading and Use of English Part 6, you have to complete a text with six sentences. 1 Read the text quickly and answer the question. Which option summarises the writer’s opinion? A Trying new cuisines is nice, but nothing beats food from your home country. B Visiting new countries requires being open to trying new food. C Travelling to new continents means you must like spicy food.

Exam tips • Read the whole text quickly in order to identify what each paragraph is about. • Read the sentences A–G and look for connecting ideas before and after each gap. • Check that verb, pronoun, and noun forms match, and look for linking words, such as however, moreover, or nevertheless.

2 Read sentences A–G. Look at the first paragraph and decide if sentence C or G is the most appropriate for the first gap. Explain your reasons.

3 EXAM Choose from the sentences A–G the one which fits each gap (1–6). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.

FOOD AND ME My family and I are slightly nomadic. I’ve been travelling all over the world since I was just a baby. We prefer slow travelling, making an effort to explore a country by getting to know local people, customs and, especially, food. After trying so many cuisines, I can assure you that my understanding of food has evolved. (1) ___________ I used to eat much more junk food than I do now, for example. I wasn’t very keen on spicy food, but I changed my mind after getting to taste many kinds of pepper on a trip around parts of Africa. Now, I can handle even the hottest dish without sweating! In Africa, we visited four different countries, each with their own individual cuisines and typical dishes. (2) ___________ I wasn’t keen on the bean stew with pepper sauce I was served on my first day because it was swimming in unhealthy oil. (3) ___________ That was one of the key lessons that I learned – you have to set aside any preconceived ideas about food. Even if you are presented with a dish that is cooked differently to your usual preferences, don’t let that stop you. I was pleasantly surprised by what Ghana had to offer. (4) ___________ What I liked most in Ghana was the Waakye, a dish of Ghanaian style rice and beans. It is seasoned with different leaves, such as hibiscus flowers and millet, and then left to boil until it turns a reddish colour. Although it’s typically eaten for breakfast or lunch, I could easily have eaten it any time of the day. I’m always willing to try new flavours and if it turns out not to be to my taste, I just put it down to experience and don’t order it again. (5) ___________ I never want to offend anyone, so I try to eat as much as I can. Hopefully, they can’t tell when I’m not enjoying their food. It’s usually enough to take a few small bites. (6) ___________ People often ask me if I miss British food. Surprisingly, my answer is usually no. It’s nothing to do with the taste of my country’s traditional dishes, but because I’ve spent so much of my time in other countries. I find myself missing things from all over the world – the fried plantains I ate in Costa Rica, noodle soup from Japan, a vegan brownie from my favourite café in Bali. There’s a whole world of flavours out there and I’m excited to carry on my journey to discover them.

A Although I quite liked the soup, it wasn’t my favourite dish. B It was by far my favourite culinary experience. C So have my taste buds and habits. D Some of them looked more appealing than others.

E Thankfully, I was pleasantly surprised by the taste. F Overall, I’d say that my culinary experiences have been positive. G This can be tricky when you are dining at someone’s house.

4 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 1 Do you think it is important to try local foods when travelling to other countries? Why? / Why not? 2 What national or local dish do you think is most attractive for tourists in your country? Why? 7

Vocabulary • Adjectives for food 1 Work in pairs. Use the words in the box to describe the photos. burned • chewy • creamy • crispy • crunchy fresh • salty • sour • spicy 2 Complete the sentences with the words in the box in exercise 1. 1 Dad made those cookies last week, so they might be a bit ___________ now. 2 I asked for sweet popcorn, but this is ___________! 3 Is that lemon ___________? You’re making a funny face as you eat them! 4 These tomatoes have come from the neighbour’s garden so they’re really ___________. 5 Fry the onions well until they are nice and ___________. Pronunciation We use the sound // to pronounce words spelled with sh, like fresh, dish and fish. We also use the sound for some words spelled with c, like delicious, precious and spacious. We use the sound /t/ to pronounce most words spelled with ch, like chewy, crunchy, chop and kitchen. ➤ Digital book practice 8

3 Match the words (1–6) to the definitions (a–f).

1 juicy

a n a flavour that is not very

2 bitter 3 ripe 4 mild 5 delicious

strong / without much taste b n with lots of liquid c n ready to eat (usually fruit) d n bad/decaying e n a strong taste, not salty

6 rotten

or sweet f n having a nice taste

4 Work in pairs. Describe one of the situations below. Use the words in exercises 1 and 3. 1 a disaster in the kitchen 2 the best meal you’ve ever had 3 a viral cooking challenge

The other day, I wanted to make banana bread. I went to the shops to buy some ripe bananas.

When I got home, I put my hand into the packet and one of the bananas I pulled out was rotten! It was disgusting.

1 Listening

Part 2 In Listening Part 2 you will hear a speech and you must complete the gaps with a word or short phrase with no more than three words. 1 1 Listen to the instructions for Listening Part 2 and underline the correct alternative. Candidates listen to a (1) monologue / conversation which generally focuses on (2) one / more than one topic. Candidates (3) answer questions / complete a summary about the text. They can write (4) one word only / more than one word in each gap.

Exam tips • Read the instructions and the sentences before listening. • Think about the types of words that may be missing in each gap, such as numbers, nouns, verbs, or adjectives. Look at the words immediately before and after the gap to help you with this. • Underline key words and expressions that will help you identify the missing word(s).

2 Look at the first sentence and gap in exercise 3. Which of the words in the box is not the answer? Why not?

food manufacturer • marketing • packaging

3 2 EXAM You will hear a student called Joshua talking about greenwashing. For questions 1–10, complete the sentences with a word or a short phrase.

Greenwashing Joshua worked in (1) _____________ before becoming a food standards inspector. Food isn’t always as (2) _____________ as it appears on the packaging. The most important consumer trait to food manufacturers is (3) _____________. Joshua says that (4) _____________ packaging makes people think that a product is good to the environment. He uses an example of a (5) _____________ to explain greenwashing. He thinks that they focus on a (6) _____________ rather than all the negatives. He gives an example of a company that sells (7) _____________ drinks. You can’t use plastic straws more than (8) _____________. Greenwashing can also be found in (9) _____________. Joshua claims that companies use language in a (10) _____________ way.

4 2 Listen again and check. 5 Work in pairs. Answer the questions. 1 Do you consider the impact on the environment when buying a snack or food product? 2 Are you easily tricked into believing that a product is truly environmentally friendly? 3 Can you think of any examples of greenwashing food? To be honest, I never think about the impact on the environment when I buy something to eat. I usually just grab something that I think looks tasty and I check the price, of course. 9

1 Discover grammar

Present perfect simple and continuous

1 WORK IT OUT Read these sentences from the Reading and use of English lesson. Then complete the rules.

Present perfect simple My understanding of food has evolved. I haven’t always done this job. Present perfect continuous I have been travelling all over the world since I was a baby.

• We form the present perfect simple with have/has + the (1) ___________ form of the verb. • We form the present perfect continuous with have/has + (2) ___________ + the -ing form of the verb. • We use the present perfect (3) ___________ to talk about ongoing events that started in the recent past and are still continuing. • We use the present perfect (4) ___________ to talk about a completed action in the recent past / a past experience.

The present perfect simple and continuous can often be used interchangeably, but the present perfect continuous emphasises the duration whereas the present perfect simple emphasises the result. Stative verbs are a group of verbs which do not take any continuous forms. They typically express preference (like, love, hate), opinions (believe, know, agree, guess), states (be, seem), and perception (see, hear, seem, smell).

➤ See Grammar Bank Unit 1, p. 136 2 Complete the sentences with the present perfect simple or present perfect continuous of the verbs in brackets. 1 This banana _________ (be) in the fruit bowl for weeks! It’s rotten! 2 You smell funny. _________ (you/cook)? 3 I _________ (not eat) all the dark chocolate. There are still a couple of pieces left. 4 We _________ (work) on a new barbecue recipe since last week. 5 The dog _________ (run) into the kitchen because he _________ (smell) the chicken cooking. 6 _________ (you/guess) what I’m making for dinner yet? 7 The cake _________ (not bake) in the oven for long. 8 Liam _________ (try) to reduce his portion sizes lately. 3 Complete the sentences with the adverbs in the box.

already • ever • just • lately • yet (x 2)

1 I haven’t been eating well ___________.

2 Yuck! I have ___________ bitten into a rotten apple.

3 I haven’t tried raw fish ___________, but I want to

try it someday.

4 Have you ___________ tried putting less salt on

your food?

5 Has anyone complained that the chicken is too

dry ___________?

6 I bought this bread two days ago, and it has

___________ gone bad. Can you believe it?

Both the present perfect simple and continuous may also be used with for and since to refer to how long something has been true or an action has been going on: • I have been in this class for two months. • I have been studying really hard since I failed my cooking class final assignment. 4 Complete the dialogue with for or since. Joy How long have you been a pastry chef, Marcia? Marcia Oh, I’ve been a chef (1) _________ about 20 years, but I’ve only specialised in pastries (2) _________ last year. Joy Have you studied in any other countries? Marcia I’ve been taking courses (3) _________ the beginning of my career. I’ve been going to Paris every two years (4) _________ 2010. Joy Is that how you ended up learning about making cakes and desserts? Marcia Yes, it is. I’ve known my friend Pascal (5) _________ over a decade. He’s an excellent pastry chef. Anyway, last year he finally convinced me to join one of his dessert-making classes. I’ve been hooked (6) _________ then! You know, he’s been trying to convince to open my own restaurant (7) _________ the day we met! Maybe it’s time I listened to him about that, too.

Comparatives and superlatives 5 WORK IT OUT 3 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. Then listen and check. fewer • more eco-friendly than • the most common More and more • The more • the fewer • than

1 Companies make their products appear _________ they are. 2 _________ consumers are becoming aware of the risks of climate change. 3 Let’s discuss _________ ways by which companies use greenwashing to mislead consumers. 4 Some features have _________ environmental impacts _________ others. 5 _________ we control this, _________ the chances of being tricked by greenwashing.

➤ See Grammar Bank Unit 1, pp. 136–137 6 WORK IT OUT Put the intensifiers in the correct column. a bit • a great deal • a little • much • far a lot • quite a lot • slightly

High level of intensity

Low level of intensity

7 Match the sentence halves.

1 There are more and a n well as Granny.

b n vegan options in

2 I think this is the

restaurants.

3 This is by far the most c n spiciest curry I’ve

4 The more you pay

had in Thailand.

attention to food labels d n the more you learn.

5 No one cooks as

e n delicious soup I’ve

ever tasted.

8 Complete the second sentence so that it has the

same meaning as the first.

1 If you learn more about the food you buy, it’s easier to spot greenwashing. The more you learn ___________ greenwashing. 2 Each day it gets increasingly more difficult to find fresh fruit in my town. It’s getting more ___________ in my town. 3 The beef was drier than the lamb. The lamb wasn’t ___________ the beef. 4 There were three kinds of cakes. There were five kinds of brownies. There were ___________ than brownies. 5 I’ve never eaten such a juicy steak. That was ___________ steak I’ve ever eaten.

1 Discover language

Cooking verbs 1 Label the pictures with the words in the box. boil • chop • grate • grill • melt slice • pour • spread • fry

___________ 4

___________ 5

___________ 6

___________ 7

___________ 8

___________ 9

___________

Verbs of senses

___________

• U se a verb of sense + an adjective for a description. It tastes salty. • U se a verb of sense + like + noun or verb clause to make a descriptive comparison. It tastes like rubber. It smells like they burnt it.

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the box. feel • look • smell • sound • taste 1 My aunt’s grilled chicken ___________ like rubber. I think she overcooked it! 2 After our salmon dinner, the kitchen ___________ like fish for days. 3 It doesn’t ___________ very appetising, but I’m sure it’s delicious. 4 I can hear sizzling – it ___________ like the oil is getting too hot in the pan. 5 My teeth ___________ very sensitive after the dentist, so I won’t eat anything crunchy. 3 Complete the sentences with a verb of sense in the correct form + like where necessary. 1 Sorry, I can’t eat any more dinner. It doesn’t ___________ very nice. 2 The pizza ___________ it’s been there for weeks. Don’t eat it! 3 It ___________ burned toast in here. 4 This courgette ___________ soft. Should I throw it away? 5 My meat-free burger ___________ chicken. Incredible! 6 Oops, it ___________ Jane has broken another bowl. 11

1 Writing

Part 1 In Writing Part 1, you have to write an essay using the notes provided.

1 Read the task and answer the questions. 1 Do you think the style should be formal or informal? 2 What would you include as your own idea for this subject?

What is food security? How can different people avoid food insecurity? Notes Write about: 1 factors that contribute to food insecurity 2 who can help avoid it 3 ……………………… (your own idea)

Exam tips • Before starting to write, read the notes carefully and make sure you include them in your essay. • Make sure your essay has the number of words requested (between 140 and 190). • After finishing, proofread your essay for spelling, grammar, or vocabulary mistakes and make sure the notes provided have been included.

2 Complete the sample essay with the words and expressions in the box. furthermore • however • in order to • to sum up

FOOD SECURITY Food security means having access to enough food to meet a person’s nutrition needs. It is a basic right. (1) ________, not everyone has access to it. Food insecurity can lead to malnutrition, poor health, and even death. Many factors contribute to food insecurity, for example, poverty, climate change, and war. Poverty is a major factor, as those living in poverty don’t have easy access to nutritious food. (2) ________ address food insecurity, governments and organisations must work together to ensure that everybody has access to nutritious food. This can include providing food assistance programmes, investing in sustainable agriculture, and supporting local farmers. (3) ________, governments must work to reduce poverty and address the root causes of conflict. (4) ________, food security is an important issue that must be addressed. Governments and organisations must work together to ensure that everyone has access to nutritious food. This will help to reduce malnutrition and improve the health and well-being of people around the world.

3 Now read another exam task. What will you write about? What do you have to include? In your English class, you have been talking about greenwashing on food package. Now, your English teacher has asked you to write an essay. Write an essay using all the notes and giving reasons for your point of view. ‘It is important that young people are made aware of greenwashing.’ How can this be achieved? Notes Write about: 1 school campaigns 2 using social media 3 ……………………… (your own idea)

4 EXAM Write your essay in 140–190 words in an appropriate style. You must include the notes in exercise 3. Exam tips • Remember you must write about ALL the notes in your reply. • Divide your reply into wellorganised paragraphs. • Remember you should finish writing your email in about 20 minutes because you need time to write Part 2 as well.

Part 1 Speaking Part 1 is a warm-up activity: in around two minutes, you will answer some questions about your personal information and daily routine. 1 4 Listen to the questions. Put a tick ( ) next to the ones that are about personal information and daily routine. 1 n Do you consider yourself a healthy person? Why? 2 n What is your hometown like? 3 n What are the steps to baking a cake? 4 n What are your favourite school subjects? 5 n Is there something new that you’d like to learn about? 6 n Who do you spend your free time with? 7 n How much fat do you think there is in a large portion of chips? 8 n What’s the longest journey you’ve ever been on? Language focus Verbs of preference and opinion, such as like, prefer, enjoy, dislike, be keen on, be fond of, can’t stand, don’t like, find, think can be followed by: • a noun (I’m not very keen on meat.) • an object pronoun (I don’t really like it.) • a clause (I think it’s OK.) 2 VIDEO Watch the interview. Write if the sentences are T (true) or F (false). 1 The examiner introduces himself and his colleague. _______ 2 The examiner specifies the number of questions he’s going to ask each candidate. _______ 3 The examiner begins by asking simple personal questions. _______ 4 Candidates are told the time they have to answer each question. _______ 5 The examiner interacts with the candidates by reacting to what they say. _______ 6 Candidates answer all the questions they are asked. _______ 7 The examiner’s colleague asks most of the questions. _______ 8 The candidates don’t ask the examiner to repeat any of the questions. _______

1 Speaking 3 VIDEO Watch the interview again. Take notes on the examiner’s questions. How would you answer them?

4 EXAM Work in pairs. Ask and answer similar questions to the ones you ticked in exercise 1. Ask four questions.

How do you spend your free time?

What is your favourite food?

Have you ever travelled abroad?

Do you like to exercise?

5 EXAM Now swap roles and do the same. Exam tips • Pay close attention to the examiner’s question and make sure you have understood it before you start answering it. • Avoid giving very short answers or repeating the examiner’s exact words. Your reply mustn’t be too long, either. • Use linking words and phrases like well, like, and of course to make your reply more natural.

Life used to be offline

@choi_o_duri GR8 SAT score Ava!

You rock! #sat #celebration #bff

@stewart_avaaa__

ABOUT FRIENDS GROUPS Let’s start • Social media 1 Look at the photo. What can you see in the photo? Use some of the words in the box. followers • handle • newsfeed • notifications • platform • post • tag 2 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. clickbait • content • peer pressure • reactions • shortcuts • trend (v.) • trend (n.) 1 That video is ___________. The influencer wants you to click on it. It’ll probably take you to another website. 2 Some young people take part in viral challenges because of ___________ from their friends. They don’t really want to do it. 3 Short videos are the latest social media ___________. 4 That video got some angry ___________ from the vlogger’s followers. 5 There is so much ___________ on social media, but it isn’t all high quality. 6 Using ___________ on the keyboard instead of clicking through the menu is a quicker way to send messages or find posts. 7 Vloggers always hope that their newest videos will ___________. That means that more people watch them. 3 Work in pairs. Tell each other about the role of social media in your life. Use the words on this page. I don’t have many followers, but that’s probably because I don’t post very often. My social media handle is… Reading and use of English Part 5 In Reading and use of English Part 5, you must answer six questions about a text by choosing from four options (A–D). 1 You are going to read an extract from an article on the influence of social media on users. What questions do you think the article will answer? 2 Now read questions 1–5 on page 15 quickly. Underline key words in the questions and options. 3 EXAM For questions 1–5, choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. 14

2 Reading and use of English

SOCIAL MEDIA INFLUENCE

A few decades ago, becoming famous was out

and a well-known media figure. The follower

of reach for most people. Famous people were

feels connected to the media figure and develops

often Hollywood actors or musicians who we saw

feelings of friendship and loyalty towards them.

on television or heard on the radio. Fans used

The relationship feels real to the followers, but it

5 to wait for hours outside their hotel room or

40 is one-sided.

run alongside their cars, hoping for a glimpse of

Social media is where the youth can express

them. We didn’t know what they were thinking

their opinions and connect with similar-minded

or what their views were on certain topics.

people all over the world. However, social

They were mysterious and seemed untouchable.

media often reduces personal interactions to

10 The Internet and social media have changed that. 45 online relationships. Unfortunately, arguments

Nowadays, anyone with a mobile phone

often take place in the comments section of a

can become internet famous or influencers.

post. Loyal followers of an influencer defend

Influencers don’t necessarily have special abilities

them against other users. Meanwhile, the

or crafts that require years of training and

influencer benefits from these interactions.

15 dedication. The fact that they are people ‘just

50 These interactions could have a negative impact

like us’ is part of their appeal, even if it isn’t

on users’ mental health, but they certainly have a

completely true. Social media allows people to

positive impact on the influencer’s bank account.

choose what and when they post. Influencers can

It’s not easy to tell if an influencer believes

control how much access you have to their lives.

something or if they are just trying to make

20 This allows them to present a perfect life that

55 a sale. Ideally, we should read posts critically.

is probably just as imperfect as their followers’.

Although some influencers are interested in

Nonetheless, people are more willing to listen

sharing valuable information, some only create

to influencers, without questioning whether it is

content to increase sales. This is how they attract

relevant or appropriate.

people and how they make money. They can be

25 Influencers depend on their audiences.

60 paid upfront or be given a share of profits based

They often grow their audiences by interacting

on purchases, usually through tracking links.

with their followers, such as by commenting

Even if you don’t buy anything from the website,

on their photos. Another common tactic is

simply clicking on the link sets tracking cookies

asking followers to help them make decisions,

on your phone or computer. These cookies

30 for example to choose their outfit. As a

65 monitor what websites you visit to find out your

result, followers feel they have a bond with

preferences and collect data about you.

the influencer and the influencer values their opinion. Unfortunately, this relationship is often parasocial. Parasocial interaction is a 35 psychological relationship between an audience

There’s nothing wrong with spending time on social media, but you must be careful not to trust everything an influencer says.

1 What is the writer’s purpose in the first paragraph? A to explain how people become famous B to give information about famous people C to describe how celebrities have changed D to differentiate between the past and today 2 What doesn’t the writer suggest about social media influencers? A They aren’t very talented. B They are ordinary people. C They show people a small part of their lives. D Their lives aren’t perfect. 3 According to the writer, what can form between an influencer and their followers? A a genuine friendship B a valuable partnership C a deep connection D a belief of a relationship

4 In line 48, the word ‘them’ refers to: A social media users B comments on a social media post C an influencer D videos 5 What does the writer recommend in the final paragraph? A not to click on too many links B not to buy products advertised by influencers C not to believe influencers’ posts straight away D not to spend too much time online 4 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 1 Did you find any information in the text surprising? Explain. 2 How easy is it to be influenced online? 3 How can you choose who to follow online?

Jeri55 Stepping into the weekend with fresh new trainers #justdoit

Vocabulary • Advertising 1 Work in pairs. What can you see in the photos? Use some of the words in the box. brand • endorsement • influencer • sponsor • tagline

2 Match the words (1–10) to the definitions (a–j).

1 cancel culture 2 packaging 3 consumer 4 endorsement 5 brand

6 tagline 7 sponsor 8 digital marketing 9 promotion 10 brand image

a n activities to advertise something b n a product made by a company and sold under a particular name c n using email, social media, and the Internet to advertise something d n refusing to support a public figure because they say or do something that you find offensive, even if you liked them before e n a short phrase that identifies a product or brand f n how people feel about a brand and what it means g n the materials used to wrap objects before they are sold h n when a famous person appears in an advertisement and says they like and use a product i n to pay for something in return for advertising (v.) / someone who pays for something in return for advertising (n.) j n someone who buys and uses goods or services

Abiiiiiii Loving this new shower gel, it leaves my skin so soft. Thanks @showerskinlab for sending me this. 3 Work in pairs. Discuss the statements. 1 It’s not worth spending extra money on brands. It’s only a name. 2 Teenagers could use social media promotion to get a part-time or temporary job. 3 I use endorsements from online figures to choose what to buy. 4 Cancel culture is becoming more common, and this can be dangerous. 5 I can name the taglines of my favourite brands. 6 I’m easily persuaded to buy something by the attractive packaging. A It’s not worth spending extra money on brands. It’s only a name. B I disagree. Brand products are usually better quality than other products.

Pronunciation

Some words related to social media are the same in

different languages, but their pronunciation is adapted

according to the rules of a group’s first language.

Watch out for stress on these words:

digital

marketing

influencer

tagline

➤ Digital book practice

Part 3 In Listening Part 3, you will hear five extracts with five different speakers. You must choose from eight options which one is related to what each speaker says. 1 Work in pairs. Read the box above about Part 3 and exercise 3. Then put a tick ( ) next to the correct option. 1 n In this task, you always listen to the same person talk. 2 n There are the same number of speakers and statements to match. 3 n You need to listen for specific information according to the statement. 4 n You must use the letters only once. 2 Read through exercise 3. Underline key words in the options.

2 Listening Exam tip Underline key words in the options, then think about synonyms or other ways to say the same idea. This is paraphrased language. The audio might say the same thing as the correct option, but in a slightly different way.

3 5 EXAM You will hear people talking about five different situations. For speakers 1–5, choose from the list (A–H)

what each person says. Use the letters only

once. There are three extra letters which you

do not need to use.

Speaker 1 n Speaker 2 n Speaker 3 n

Speaker 4 n Speaker 5 n

A Individuals should evaluate the content they consume. B You shouldn’t trust what social media influencers say. C Endorsing someone without knowing much about them can harm their reputation. D Anyone can be targeted by the global cancel culture. E I was guided through the process of creating a unique and memorable brand image. F Brand endorsements are essential for the success of a business. G Sponsored posts don’t necessarily reflect the true quality or value of the product or service. H A person’s authenticity is essential to a successful promotion.

4 5 Listen again and check. 5 Work in pairs. Talk about sponsored content on social media. Use the questions below to help you. Write down your key ideas. • How often do you see sponsored content? • Are you influenced by it? • Are some people you follow more likely to post sponsored content than others? • Would you promote sponsored content online? • Should there be more rules for sponsored content?

I see sponsored content... ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________

2 Discover grammar

Past simple and past continuous

1 WORK IT OUT Read the sentences (1–5) and match them to their uses (a–e).

Examples 1 I never used it before my current job. 2 Companies were monitoring what I was doing online. 3 A few nights ago, I watched a documentary about digital marketing 4 One afternoon, I was doing some research and brainstorming. 5 Last week I was writing another brand review when I got a call from my boss.

Uses a n Use the past simple to talk about completed past actions and events. b n Use the past simple with a frequency adverb to show how often something happened. c n Use the past continuous to talk about a past action in progress that was interrupted by another action. d n Use the past continuous to show that something continued for a long time. e n Use the past continuous to set the background for a story.

➤ See Grammar Bank Unit 2, p. 138 2 Complete the gaps with the past simple or past continuous of the verbs in brackets.

I (1) ___________ (learn) loads when I (2) ___________ (work) with my mum at her digital marketing agency. One day, I (3) ___________ (help) her with some posts for a client’s social media pages. She (4) ___________ (explain) to me that the post needed to be short but clear. I (5) ___________ (not understand) at first, but then when I (6) ___________ (scroll) through a social media app during my break time, I (7) ___________ (notice) that I skipped all the posts with long captions. Mum (8) ___________ (be) right!

Past perfect simple and past perfect continuous

3 WORK IT OUT Read the examples. Underline the correct alternative to complete the rules.

One of these magazines’ most respected clients had hired an unsuitable influencer and the campaign was awful. I had worked really hard on the film before I submitted it to my professors. I had been trying to find someone to help me develop my brand image when I found out about this new artificial intelligence bot.

Both the past perfect simple and continuous are used to describe something that happened before another event or action in the past. 1 We use the past perfect simple / continuous to focus on the result, while the past perfect simple / continuous focuses on the time (duration). 2 We use the past perfect simple / continuous to describe a completed action. 3 We use the past perfect simple / continuous to focus on the activity, especially when we see evidence of a recent activity. 4 We can only use the past perfect simple / continuous with action verbs, not with stative verbs.

➤ See Grammar Bank Unit 2, pp. 138–139

4 Complete the sentences with the past perfect simple or past perfect continuous form of the verbs in brackets. 1 Valeria ___________ (post) three videos before her account was suspended. 2 They packed up their equipment. They ___________ (take) photos in the park. 3 Paul ___________ (make) vlogs for five years when he lost his passion for it. 4 You were gone for ages. What ___________ (you/ do)? 5 Fran and Joe ___________ (lose) a big brand deal. 6 The journalist ___________ (not speak) to many influencers.

5 Underline the correct alternatives. 1 Last week, a vlogger stole / had stolen my video concept. I was / had been really upset because I worked / had worked on the video for weeks before I posted it. His video got / had got loads more views than mine. 2 I had been following / followed that influencer for a while when she got / had got cancelled. In my opinion, she hadn’t done / hasn’t done anything wrong. It was / has been unfair. 3 That influencer received / had received a $1000 fine. She hadn’t declared / hadn’t been declaring a sponsored post, so someone reported / had been reporting her.

used to and get used to 6 WORK IT OUT Read the sentences (1–3) and match them to the uses (a–c). 1 I used to believe that everything on social media was true. 2 Have you got used to taking photos with your tablet? 3 I used to watch vloggers, but now I don’t any more. a n past habit that is not true in the present b n the process of becoming familiar with something c n a situation that was true in the past but isn’t now ➤ See Grammar Bank Unit 2, p.139 You can use would instead of used to to refer to past actions that repeated many times but don’t any more. However, you can’t use would to talk about past states, for example: I used to love spending time in the countryside. I used to/would go every summer. (love is a stative verb, so we can’t use it with would.) Verbs after get used to are in the -ing form, while verbs after used to are in the infinitive form. 7 Complete the sentences with used to or would. Sometimes both forms are correct. 1 Zack ___________ check his social media in the middle of the night. 2 I ___________ feel sad when my friends posted photos without me. 3 Samia ___________ belong to an online fandom. 4 People ___________ take photos using plastic cameras. 5 Fatima ___________ enjoy outdoor activities, but she does now. 6 My parents ___________ turn their phones off when we had family day. 7 When I was little I ___________ go to the park every day. 8 Kilian and me ___________ be in the same class at school. 8 Put a tick ( ) next to the correct sentences. Correct the other sentences. 1 n We have got used to cancel culture in today’s society. 2 n I got used to see sponsored content on this platform. 3 n Did you use to help them analyse their brand image? 4 n My great-grandmother couldn’t get used to using her smartphone. 5 n Dean use to spend hours checking his favourite influencer’s content. 6 n She didn’t used to see all the notifications.

2 Discover vocabulary Collocations – Social media 1 Complete the phrases with the verbs in the box. Some of the verbs can be used with more than one phrase. be • block • follow • go • troll • share • view 1 ___________ someone on social media 2 ___________ an account 3 ___________ viral 4 ___________ a post 5 ___________ comments 6 ___________ trending 2 Underline the correct alternative to complete the text. Last night, I (1) trended / reposted a photo. Someone I met at an event decided to (2) troll / block me. He said that my life was boring and that’s why I (3) posted / followed the same photos. I sent him a message saying that I regretted (4) blocking / friending him on social media. In the end, I (5) blocked / friended him so that he can’t see my posts any more. Prepositional phrases 3 Underline the correct preposition. Then match the prepositional phrases (1–6) to the definitions (a–f). 1 in / for / at demand 2 at / under / in risk 3 on / in / down and off 4 between / under / at fire 5 under / at / in advance 6 off / in / on the long run a n a long time in the future b n very popular c n in a dangerous situation d n before a particular time e n not regularly f n receiving a lot of criticism 4 Complete the sentences with prepositional phrases from exercise 3. 1 Your personal information is ___________ if you don’t have antivirus software. 2 Sophie is really ___________ since she was on that reality show. 3 The company is ___________ because they sponsored that influencer who is very controversial. 4 Vlogging is a lot of work, but it’s worth it __________. 5 I watch their videos ___________, but I’m not a dedicated follower. 6 Influencers share their posts with their sponsors ___________ to check that the content is appropriate. 19

2 Writing Part 2 In Writing Part 2, you have to choose one out of four tasks to write about. A review is one of the options. 1 Read the exam task. Answer the questions. You see this announcement on your college Englishlanguage website. Reviews wanted Social media platforms Have you started using a new social media platform recently? Please tell us about it! What can you do on the platform? What is the most interesting thing about it? Would you recommend the platform to other people? 1 What do you need to describe? ______________________________________________ 2 What questions do you need to answer? • ___________________________________________ • ___________________________________________ • ___________________________________________ 3 Who is the target reader? _____________________________________________ 2 In pairs, put a tick ( ) next to the correct statement. Explain your reasons. 1 n The language should be very formal. 2 n The language should be neutral – not too formal, but not too informal. 3 n The language should be quite informal, and it’s okay to include slang expressions. 3 Match the plan (1–4) to the information each paragraph (a–e) should include. 1 Introduction 2 Paragraph 1 3 Paragraph 2 4 Conclusion a n give a recommendation b n identify what you are reviewing c n comment on the questions you have been asked d n summarise your review e n describe the social media platform

4 Prepare to write your review. Take notes in the plan below. Introduction _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Paragraph 1 _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Paragraph 2 _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Conclusion _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Exam tips • Before starting to write, you should complete a writing plan. • Don’t spend more than five minutes on your plan. 5 EXAM Write your review in 140–190 words in an appropriate style, using the plan in exercise 4. Exam tips • When writing a review, describe what is being reviewed and also give your opinion on it. • Use a lot of adjectives to describe the element being reviewed • Use a neutral register, not too formal, but not too informal. Language focus Some useful expressions to use when making a recommendation include: I definitely recommend… For me, … If you are looking for …, I recommend… Check out … if… For people who like/enjoy…

Part 3 Speaking Part 3 has a discussion followed by a one-minute decision-making task. The total time for both tasks is four minutes.

1 Look at the exam task. Then read the paragraph. Underline the correct alternatives.

inviting speakers to visit the school

posting on social media

involving students

2 Speaking 3 VIDEO Watch the video again and take notes on the candidates’ final decision.

How can your school improve their branding?

creating paper leaflets

advertising on websites

Candidates are given a card with (1) several questions / a question and several options for them to discuss. Candidates have (2) the same card / different cards. The aim is to talk about the subject by (3) expressing your ideas alone / interacting with the other candidate. At the end, candidates are expected to (4) choose one option / offer a new option. 2 VIDEO Read some useful expressions to use during the task. Put a tick ( ) next to the expressions (1–8) you hear in the video. Then match them to their function (a–e). 1 n Is it OK if I start? 2 n I see what you mean. However, … 3 n Do you believe that … ? 4 n Would you like me to start? 5 n So, we both agree on that option? 6 n Regarding the question of the task, … 7 n What do you think? 8 n I couldn’t agree more. a n n starting the discussion b n n asking for the other candidate’s opinion c n n agreeing or disagreeing d n making the final decision e n changing or going back to the subject Language focus Some useful expressions to use while discussing with the other candidate are: • Should I start? / Shall I begin? • Sure, go on. / Of course, go ahead. • I would say that… • Don’t you think so? / Do you agree with it? • I see your point, but… • Let’s move on and discuss…

4 EXAM Look at another exam task. In pairs, discuss the subject for about two minutes.

creating a story

comments on posts

posting photos

How entertaining is each feature of a social media platform?

buying/selling new and used things

posting texts

5 EXAM Now, still in pairs, do the task below. Now you have about a minute to decide which two features would be the most popular with people your age.

Exam tips • Remember that interaction is key to the success of the task. • Discuss all the different options offered in the task card. • Try to time yourself so you manage to discuss all the options within the time. • Use the correct expressions (see exercise 2) in case you need to jump to the next option in the task card.

1-2 Revision Grammar 1 Complete the sentences with the present perfect simple or continuous form of the verbs in the box. be • cook • cut out • make • think • try 1 We ______________ two new posts. What do you think of them? 2 Amy ______________ to get more followers for such a long time, but she isn’t giving up! 3 I ______________ all the dairy from my diet. 4 This ______________ in the fridge for weeks! No wonder it’s rotten. 5 Luke ______________ for over an hour. I hope the food tastes good when he’s done. 6 ______________ (you) about cutting down on carbohydrates? You should consider that. 2 ERROR CORRECTION Each of these sentences contains a mistake. Underline it and correct it. 1 This is a way most healthy option than the junk food we had yesterday. ______________ 2 I believe this dish is a little bit more better if it is spicy. ______________ 3 This is the farest our social media reach has got to. ______________ 4 The food there is not as worse as it used to be. ______________ 5 This is the less interesting video I’ve ever watched on this channel. ______________ 6 Do you think their new sponsor will be as better as their previous sponsor? ______________ 3 Underline the correct alternative to complete the text. I (1) had checked / was checking the posts on social media when I (2) realised / was realising there was a lot of sponsored content. It (3) seemed / was seeming like every other post was an advertisement, disguised as a genuine recommendation from a friend. As I (4) had scrolled / scrolled through my feed, I couldn’t help but feel these sneaky marketing tricks were trying to get me to spend money. But then, something (5) had caught / caught my eye. It (6) was / was being a post from a small business that I (7) had never heard / was never hearing of before. It wasn’t sponsored, and it (8) hadn’t received / wasn’t receiving a lot of likes, but there (9) had been / was something genuine about it. I (10) clicked / was clicking on their profile and ended up supporting their business by making a purchase. 4 Complete the sentences with the past simple, past continuous, or present perfect form of the verbs in brackets. 1 I was very late. When I arrived, the influencer ______________ (already / leave). 2 When Diego shared the post, he ______________ (see) the notification straight away. 3 Did you know then that Lisa ______________ (start) following you on social media the day before? 4 I ______________ (have) a portion of food very high in fat when I started feeling sick. 5 When I saw the post, I understood that she ______________ (troll) me. 6 When Lucas called me, I told him that his photo ______________ (go) viral. 5 Rewrite the sentences using used to or get used to. 1 I can’t become accustomed to all this peer pressure on social media. __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 When I was little, I often laughed at the funny notification sound on my dad’s phone. __________________________________________________________________________________________ 3 I often ate more healthily when I was twelve. __________________________________________________________________________________________ 4 It’s hard to acquire the habit of eating food that is low in fat. __________________________________________________________________________________________ 5 One day, I will be accustomed to how this new platform works. __________________________________________________________________________________________ 6 I wasn’t allergic to dairy in the past, but now I am. __________________________________________________________________________________________ 22

Vocabulary 6 Complete the photo descriptions with the words in the box. chewy • creamy • fat • junk • rotten • spicy

Revision 1-2 3

These vegetables are _________. Don’t eat them! 4

The cheese in this salad is very low in _________ . 5

I wasn’t expecting such a _________ dessert. 6

These Korean noodles are very _________. I need more water.

Are we having _________ food again? It’s so unhealthy!

7 Choose the correct option (A, B or C) to answer the questions.

This meat will be _________ if you don’t cook it enough.

1 What do you call the process of cooking food in hot oil?

A grate

2 What do you call the taste of coffee without sugar?

A bitter

3 What do you call the way we cut bread into thin layers?

A melt

4 What do you call food that is made with milk?

A lean

8 Complete the words in the sentences. The first letter is given.

B bake B mild B chop B dairy

C fry C crunchy C slice C ripe

1 An icon that takes you to a computer programme or app is a s_________. 2 When you post something again, you r_________ it. 3 If you don’t want someone to find your account, you can b_________ their account. 4 Some companies think that an e_________ from a celebrity can help boost sales of any product. 5 You can t_________ someone in a post, and they will receive a notification. 6 P_________ p_________ can make you feel as if you have to behave just like other people to be accepted. 9 Complete the email with the words in the box.

content • followers • at • influencer • posts • in • social media • on

New message Hi Anthony, How’s it going? I thought I’d drop you an email to say hi. I’ve been pretty busy lately, working on my (1) __________ accounts. I didn’t want to be (2) __________ risk of losing some of my (3) __________ so I wanted to do something about it, and try and grow my list at the same time. Have you heard about this new (4) __________ that’s been gaining a lot of attention because he teaches people how to get followers without paying for them? His posts are (5) __________ fire. I don’t remember his name, but I’ve been thinking about following him and learning about it. Of course, I still need to make sure my (6) __________ are interesting. I’ve been trying to create more engaging (7) __________ that will resonate with my audience. It can be tough, though, but it will be worth it (8) __________ the long run. Anyway, I have to go, talk to you again soon. Carly Send