Domestic Product Catalog
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January 2011
Table of Contents Company Background ................................................................................ 2 Products Sensors (require voltmeter or datalogger) Pyranometer (shortwave radiation)................................................................... 4 Quantum (photosynthetic radiation) ................................................................. 6 Line Quantum (spatial average photosynthetic radiation) ..................................... 8 Ultraviolet Radiation (250-400 nm) ................................................................ 10 Infrared Radiometer (surface temperature) ..................................................... 12 Net Radiometer (shortwave and thermal radiation) ........................................... 14 Oxygen (O2 in air) ........................................................................................ 16 Barometric Pressure ..................................................................................... 18
Hand-held Meter/Sensor Combinations Pyranometer (shortwave radiation)................................................................. 22 Quantum (photosynthetic radiation) ............................................................... 24 Ultraviolet Radiation (250-400 nm) ................................................................ 26 Oxygen (O2 in air) ........................................................................................ 28 Chlorophyll Content (non-destructive optical measurement) .............................. 30
Systems Spectroradiometer ....................................................................................... 34
Clear Sky Calculator ................................................................................. 36 Recalibration................................................................................................ 39 Accessories ................................................................................................... 40 Ordering ......................................................................................................... 41
About Apogee
Apogee Instruments is committed to creating innovative instrumentation for measuring climate change, improving sustainable food production and developing renewable energy. Apogee was founded in 1996 by Bruce Bugbee, a professor at Utah State University, in response to a need for new types of environmental sensors in his research. In January 2008, Apogee expanded into a new facility located five miles from its roots in Bruce’s garage. The new facility is a passive solar building with an open internal architecture to provide natural lighting to all work stations. The building has radiant floor heat and is super-insulated with an R-80 roof, R-40 walls and R-3.4 lowemissivity thermopane glass. Convective air exchange is minimal due to careful sealing during construction. The climate inside the building is monitored and controlled with a Campbell Scientific datalogger coupled to 64 multiplexer input channels and 32 output control channels. Internal temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide, oxygen, external temperature, solar radiation and wind are graphed in real time on centrally-located computer screens. The Apogee logo on the rooftop is visible from commercial aircraft flying at 8,000 meters (26,000 ft). Visitors are welcome!
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Sensors
Measure: • shortwave radiation • photosynthetic photon flux • ultraviolet radiation • ambient oxygen
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Pyranometer
Measure shortwave radiation
A pyranometer measures total shortwave radiation, in W m-2. The SP series are silicon-cell pyranometers and are calibrated to measure the total solar spectrum from 280-3000 nm. The calibration is traceable to reference pyranometers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) via replicate Kipp & Zonen model CM11 pyranometers. The reference pyranometers at NREL are traceable to the world shortwave radiation reference in Davos, Switzerland.
Applications include: • shortwave radiation measurement for evapotranspiration calculation in agricultural, ecological and hydrological weather stations • site evaluation and solar panel efficiency measurement in the solar power industry
SP series pyranometers feature a cosine-corrected, dome-shaped, self-cleaning design that maintains high accuracy over all zenith angles (see Figure 2). SP series pyranometers are available in un-amplified and amplified versions. Un-amplified versions are self-powered and compatible with most dataloggers. The two amplified versions are designed for use with lower resolution dataloggers.
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The self-cleaning convex lens is designed to accurately measure lowangle radiation coming from the sun in the morning and evening.
Figure 2
Figure 1
Cosine response of SP series. Graph shows percent error of Apogee SP-110 relative to Kipp & Zonen CM21 at zenith angles throughout the day. SP-110 Pyranometer, 0.2V output (5 m lead length) .................................... -L-10 with 10 m lead length ..................................................................... -L-15 with 15 m lead length ..................................................................... -L-20 with 20 m lead length ..................................................................... SP-212 Amplified pyranometer, 2.5V output (5 m lead length) ...................... SP-215 Amplified pyranometer, 5V output (5 m lead length) ........................ Accessory AL-100 Leveling plate (pg 40) ....................................................................
Specifications Cosine Response: • 45º zenith angle: < 1% • 75º zenith angle: ± 4%
Absolute Accuracy: • ± 5%
Uniformity: • ± 3%
Repeatability: • ± 1%
Long-Term Drift: • Less than 3% per year
Mass: • 70 g (with 5 m lead wire)
Operating Environment: • • • •
-25 to 55 C 0 to 100% relative humidity Designed for continuous outdoor use Submersible in water
Warranty: • 1 year against defects in materials and workmanship
SP-110 only:
SP-212 & 215 Amplified only: • Current Draw: 285 µA
2.5 V Option (SP-212): • Output: 0 to 2.5 V (2.2 V = full sunlight 1100 W m-2) • Input Power: 2.5 to 5.5 VDC • Sensitivity: Custom calibrated to exactly 0.5 W m-2 per mV
5.0 V Option (SP-215):
• Responsivity: 0.20 mV per W m-2 • In Full Sunlight: 220 mV (1100 W m-2) • Linear Range: 0 - 350 mV (0 - 1750 W m-2) • Sensitivity: custom calibrated to exactly 5.00 W m-2 per mV • Input power: none, self-powered
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• Output: 0 to 5 V (4.4 V = full sunlight 1100 W m-2) • Input Power: 5 to 5.5 VDC • Sensitivity: Custom calibrated to exactly 0.25 W m-2 per mV
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Measure photosynthetic photon flux
Quantum
Apogee quantum sensors measure photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), in μmol m-2 s-1 and are calibrated to measure PPF under either sunlight (model SQ-110) or electric light (model SQ-120). The calibration is referenced to an NIST-traceable calibration lamp.
Applications include: • daily total PPF calculation for studies in the field, greenhouse and growth chamber • measuring PPF for coral in salt water aquariums
SQ series quantum sensors are available in un-amplified and amplified versions. Un-amplified versions (SQ-110 and 120) are selfpowered and compatible with most dataloggers. Four amplified versions (SQ-212, 215, 222 and 225), 0-2.5 V and 0-5.0 V outputs are each available with electric or sunlight calibration, are designed for use with lower resolution dataloggers.
The Apogee Quantum Sensor is waterproof and fully submersible. The Apogee Quantum Meter is splash resistant.
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Figure 1
Apogee Quantum Sensor spectral response shown with actual plant response and defined quantum response.
SQ-110 Sun quantum sensor (5 m lead length) .......................................... -L-10 with 10 m lead length ..................................................................... -L-15 with 15 m lead length ..................................................................... -L-20 with 20 m lead length ..................................................................... SQ-120 Electric quantum sensor (5 m lead length) ..................................... Amplified (5 m lead length) SQ-212 Quantum sensor, 2.5V, sun .......................................................... SQ-215 Quantum sensor, 5V, sun.............................................................. SQ-222 Quantum sensor, 2.5V, electric ...................................................... SQ-225 Quantum sensor, 5V, electric......................................................... Accessory AL-100 Leveling plate (pg 40) ...................................................................
Specifications Cosine Response • 45º zenith angle: ± 1% • 75º zenith angle: ± 5%
Absolute Accuracy • ± 5%
Uniformity • ±3%
Repeatability • ± 1%
Long-Term Drift
Operating Environment • • • •
-25 to 55 C 0 to 100% relative humidity Designed for continuous outdoor use Can be submerged in water
Warranty • 1 year against defects in materials and workmanship
Current Draw (SQ-212,215,222,225) • 285 µA
• Less than 3% per year
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2.5 V Option • Output: 0 to 2.5 V (2.0 V = full sunlight 2000 µmol m-2 s-1) • Input Power: 2.5 to 5.5 VDC • Sensitivity: Custom calibrated to exactly 1.0 µmol m-2 s-1
5.0 V Option • Output 0 to 5 V (4.0 V = full sunlight 2000 µmol m-2 s-1) • Input Power: 5 to 5.5 VDC • Sensitivity: Custom calibrated to exactly 0.5 µmol m-2 s-1
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Measure the spatial average photosynthetic photon flux
Line Quantum
50 cm line with 3 sensors
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50 cm line with 6 sensors
Line quantum sensors are often used to measure PPF below plant canopies to determine radiation capture of the canopy.
70 cm line with 10 sensors
Quantum sensors are also available as line quantum sensors, with multiple sensors mounted along a bar to provide a spatially-averaged PPF measurement. Three standard models are available and custom versions can be manufactured upon request.
Line Quantum (5 m lead length) SQ-311 Quantum 70 cm line, 10 sensors, sun ............................................ SQ-313 Quantum 50 cm line, 3 sensors, sun .............................................. SQ-316 Quantum 50 cm line, 6 sensors, sun .............................................. SQ-319 Custom quantum, sun, starting at: ................................................ SQ-321 Quantum 70 cm line, 10 sensors, electric ....................................... SQ-323 Quantum 50 cm line, 3 sensors, electric ......................................... SQ-326 Quantum 50 cm line, 6 sensors, electric ......................................... SQ-329 Custom line quantum, electric, starting at: .....................................
Specifications Cosine Response • 45º zenith angle: ± 1% • 75º zenith angle: ± 5%
Absolute Accuracy • ± 5%
Uniformity • ±3%
Long-Term Drift • Less than 3% per year
Operating Environment • • • •
-25 to 55 C 0 to 100% relative humidity Designed for continuous outdoor use Can be submerged in water
Dimensions • SQ-313, 316, 323, 326: 50 cm • SQ-311, 321: 70 cm
Mass • SQ-313, 316, 323, 326: 275 g • SQ-311, 321: 375 g
Warranty • 1 year against defects in materials and workmanship
Repeatability • ± 1%
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Measure ultraviolet radiation
Ultraviolet
The SU-100 is a photodiodebased UV sensor sensitive to radiation from approximately 250-400 nm (see figure 1). This spans the UV-A, UV-B and UV-C wavelength ranges and provides a measurement of total UV radiation. The calibration is NISTtraceable.
Applications include: • instantaneous and daily total UV radiation dosage monitoring in biological studies • determining the UV filtering capacity of transparent plastic and glass barriers
The SU-100 cannot be used to selectively measure the different UV radiation bands because the photodiode is not equally sensitive to all UV wavelengths; it is calibrated to measure total UV radiation. Figure 1
Full Sunlight (170 µmol m-2 s-1)
UV Radiation = sensor output * conversion factor = 26 mV * 5 = 170 µmol m-2 s-1
Example Conversion Factor: 5
Sensor Output (26 mV)
Conversion from mv signal to µmol m-2 s-1.
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Figure 2
The sensor is sensitive to UV-B radiation, but it is included with the UV-A radiation to provide a total measurement of UV radiation.
SU-100 Ultraviolet Sensor (5 m lead length) .............................................. Accessory AL-100 Leveling plate (pg 40) ...................................................................
Specifications Absolute Accuracy
Linear Range
• ± 10%
• 0 to 60 mV
Uniformity
Sensitivity
• ± 5%
• Calibrated to approximately 6.5 µmol m-2 s-1 per mV
Repeatability
Input Power
• ± 1%
• None, self-powered
Responsivity • Approximately 0.15 mV per µmol m-2 s-1
Current Drain • None, self-powered
Output in Full Sunlight • Approximately 26 mV (170 µmol m s ) -2
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Mass • 70 g
Operating Environment • • • •
-25 to 55 C 0 to 100% Rh Continuous outdoor use Submersible in water
Warranty • 1 year against defects in materials and workmanship
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Measure the surface temperature of
Infrared Radiometer
• • • • •
plant canopies soil snow Model SI-111 half-angle = 22.0° roads Model SI-121 half-angle = 18.0° water
An infrared radiometer measures surface temperatures without contact. Apogee SI series sensors are sensitive to radiation in the 8-14 µm waveband, thereby minimizing water vapor and carbon dioxide absorption/ emission effects. Sensors include an internal thermistor to measure sensor temperature. This internal temperature is used to correct the target temperature and provide accurate measurements over a wide range of temperatures (-40 to 70 C). The sensors are available in either standard or narrow field of view (see Figure 1). The area that the sensor actually measures is dependent on field of view and sensor mounting geometry. The standard field of view radiometer measures an area of approximately 2.1 m2 (a circle with a diameter of 1.6 m) when it is mounted two meters above the target surface and pointed straight down.
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These sensors were designed to interface with Campbell Scientific dataloggers capable of making high accuracy voltage measurements in the sub-μV range. Applications include monitoring: • plant canopy temperature for water stress detection • soil surface temperature in land surface energy balance studies • water surface temperature for use in weather forecasting • snow surface temperature to aid in avalanche prediction • road surface temperature for determination of icing conditions
Figure 1
Figure 2
Angling the sensor while maintaining sensor height can significantly increase area measured.
For applications where sensor is oriented at 90o angle to target, field of view can be calculated with trigonometry.
SI-111 Infrared sensor (5 m lead length) ................................................... -L-10 with 10 meter lead length ............................................................... -L-15 with 15 meter lead length ............................................................... -L-20 with 20 meter lead length ............................................................... SI-121 Infrared sensor with narrow field of view (5 m lead length) ................
Specifications Accuracy -10 to 65 C • ± 0.2 C absolute accuracy • ± 0.1 C uniformity • ± 0.05 C repeatability
Accuracy -40 to 70 C • ± 0.5 C absolute accuracy • ± 0.3 C uniformity • ± 0.1 C repeatability and uniformity
Field of View • Standard: 22º half angle • Narrow: 18º half angle
Wavelength Range • 8 - 14 µm (corresponds to atmospheric window)
Response Time • < 1 second to changes in target temperature
Output Target Temp • Standard: 60 µv per C difference from sensor body • Narrow: 40 µv per C difference from sensor body
Output Sensor Body Temp • Standard: 0 - 2500 mV • Precision Narrow: 0 - 2500 mV
Input Power • 2.5 V excitation
Datalogger Channels • 1 differential (detector) • 1 single-ended (thermistor)
Optics • Germanium lens
Mass • 190 g
Operating Environment • -55 to 80 C • 0 to 100% non-condensing relative humidity • Water resistant • Designed for continuous outdoor use
Warranty • 1 year against defects in materials and workmanship
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Net Radiometer
Measure net shortwave and net longwave radiation A net radiometer measures the difference between incoming and outgoing radiation (both shortwave and longwave components), in W m-2. The CNR 2 net radiometer (manufactured by Kipp & Zonen) measures net shortwave and net longwave radiation separately via individual shortwave and longwave sensors. The shortwave and longwave sensors each have upward and downward facing radiation detectors; the two shortwave signals from the detectors are combined, as are the two longwave radiation signals. As a result, there are two outputs, one proportional to net shortwave radiation and the other proportional to net longwave radiation. The calibration of both shortwave and longwave is traceable to the world radiation references in Davos, Switzerland. CNR 2 net radiometer performance was tested relative to multiple net radiometer models in a recent study*; replicate CNR 2 net radiometers were highly accurate under the conditions of the study. CNR 2 net radiometers feature a compact, lightweight design that facilitates mounting.
Applications include net radiation measurement in surface energy balance studies, particularly water and carbon cycling studies in: • agriculture • ecology • hydrology • biogeochemistry
*Blonquist Jr., J.M., B. Bugbee, and B.D. Tanner, 2009. Evaluation of measurement accuracy and comparison of two new and three traditional net radiometers. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 149:1709-1721.
Related Product
SP Series A pyranometer is another option to verify shortwave radiation.
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Figure 1
Sensor combines incoming and outgoing radiation for longwave and shortwave, providing two outputs.
Kipp & Zonen CNR2 Net Radiometer ......................................................
Specifications Range • Pyranometer: 0 to 4000 W m-2 • Pyrgeometer: -250 to 250 W m-2
Non-Linearity • Pyranometer: (0 to 1000 W m-2) < 2% • Pyrgeometer: (-250 to 250 W m-2) < 1%
Zero Offset • Pyranometer: < 15 W m-2
Directional Error • < 20 W m-2
Response Time 95% • 10 s
Temperature Error • (-10 to 40 C) < 5%
Spectral Range • Pyranometer: 0.31 to 2.8 µm • Pyrgeometer: 4.5 to 42 µm
Field of View • Pyranometer - Upper: 180º; Lower: 150º • Pyrgeometer - Upper: 150º; Lower: 150º
Sensor Asymmetry • < 5%
Uncertainty in Daily Total • < 10%
Dimensions • 4 x 20 x 7 cm long; 30 cm mounting rod
Cable • 10 m
Mass • 250 g (+300 g for 10 m cable)
Sensitivity • 10 to 20 µV per W m-2 (for both shortwave and longwave)
Annual Sensitivity Change • < 1%
Operating Environment • -40 to 80 C • 0 - 100 Rh • Designed for continuous outdoor use
Warranty
Tilt Error
• 1 year against defects in materials and workmanship
• < 1%
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Measure oxygen in air
Oxygen
Our galvanic cell oxygen sensors measure oxygen gas in air (not dissolved oxygen). They respond to absolute oxygen concentration in the atmosphere, though they can be calibrated to read out in relative units (percent or mole fraction). The sensor can be calibrated in ambient air, where the oxygen mole fraction is 0.2095 mole per mole-1 of air. Our sensors include an internal thermistor (or thermocouple) to measure sensor temperature, which can be used to correct sensor output and provide a more accurate oxygen measurement over a wide range of temperatures (-10 to 50 C). An internal resistance heater prevents condensation from forming on the membrane through which oxygen diffusion occurs. It warms the sensor 1 C above ambient temperature. This is important in soil environments where relative humidity is at or near 100%. The sensors are available in long life (SO-110 and SO-120) or fast response versions. Long life versions have a higher output, but slower response time; they are ideal for applications in soil. Fast response versions (SO-210 and SO220) have lower output and shorter lifetime. They are designed for use in laboratory applications where oxygen is measured as it flows through a line.
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Two attachments are available for SO series sensors, a diffusion head and a flow through head. The diffusion head (AO-001) facilitates soil measurements by keeping soil from contacting the sensing element. The flow through head (AO-002) facilitates in-line flow measurements by providing attachments for the gas flow lines. Applications include: • subsurface oxygen measurement in biogeochemical cycling studies • soil aeration characterization • monitoring oxygen levels in biological gas exchange studies.
Related Product SB-100 The Barometric Pressure Sensor is recommended for use with oxygen sensors, which are sensitive to barometric pressure fluctuations.
AO-002 Flow-through Head
Figure 1
Long-life vs. fast response sensor characteristics for output voltage and long-term drift.
AO-001 Diffusion Head
Oxygen Sensor (5 m lead length) SO-110 Oxygen sensor for soil, thermistor temperature reference...................... SO-120 Oxygen sensor for soil, thermocouple temperature reference ................. SO-210 Oxygen sensor fast response, thermistor temperature reference ............ SO-220 Oxygen sensor fast response, thermocouple temperature reference ........ Accessories (pg 40) AO-001 Diffusion head ............................................................................. AO-002 Flow-through head .......................................................................
Specifications Accuracy • < 0.02% O2 drift per day
Repeatability • ± 0.001% O2 (10 ppm)
Range • 0 to 100% O2
Response Time • SO-100 Series: 60 seconds • SO-200 Series: 12 seconds
Output (Ambient O2) • SO-100 Series: ~50 mV • SO-200 Series: ~12 mV
Input Power • 12 V power for heater • 2.5 V excitation for thermistor (SO-110 & 210)
Diffusion Head • 3.5 cm long by 3.5 cm diameter • 125 mesh screen
Flow-Through Head • 3.2 cm long by 3.2 cm diameter • 1/8” barbed adapters for hose connections
Mass • 175 g
Operating Environment • -20 to 60 C • 0 to 100% relative humidity • 60 to 140 kPa
Warranty • 1 year against defects in materials and workmanship
Gas Effect • CO2, CO, NO, NO2, H2S, H2, CH4 - No effect • NH3, HCI, C6H6 (Benzene) - <1%
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Barometric Pressure
Measure barometric pressure
The SB-100 measures barometric pressure in kPa, via a silicon-based pressure detector with specialized circuitry to linearize and amplify output. The sensor is contained within a small package and is designed to be housed inside the same enclosure as the datalogger. The SB-100 was developed for barometric pressure monitoring in conjunction with oxygen measurements in order to correct oxygen measurements for pressure changes. The SB-100 can also be used for routine barometric pressure measurements.
Related Product SO 100 & 200 Series These sensors are useful for monitoring soil respiration, aeration and gaseous O2 levels in laboratory studies.
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Figure 1
A comparison of barometric pressure measurements over 538 days in Logan, Utah at 1,500 m elevation, made by five sensors. All sensors were in an interior environment.
SB-100 Barometric pressure sensor ............................................................
Specifications Accuracy • ± 1.5%
Sensitivity • 45.9 mV per kPa
Operating Range • -40 to 125 C
Storage Temperature • -40 to 125 C
Pressure Range • 15 to 115 kPa
Input Power
Full Scale Output • 5.0 VDC
Mass • 2g
• 5.0 VDC
Current Draw
Cable • 20 cm pigtail
• 7.0 mA DC
Response Time
Warranty • 1 year against defects in materials and workmanship
• 1.0 ms
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Applications Fat Spaniel Technologies Monitoring and visualization tools from Fat Spaniel Technologies provide real-time monitoring of energy generation and usage for residential, commercial and institutional buildings. Apogee pyranometers are installed with the Fat Spaniel solar power systems to provide a reference for monitoring purposes. See www.fatspaniel.com for more information.
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Meter-Sensor Combinations
Record instantaneous sensor readings
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Measure shortwave radiation
MP series solar radiation meters provide rapid, mobile measurements of instantaneous shortwave radiation, daily total shortwave radiation integration and datalogging capability using our SP series pyranometer.
Pyranometer
Two versions of the meter are available, one with a fixed sensor mounted on top of the meter body (MP-100) and one with a remote sensor connected to the handheld meter via two meters of cable (MP-200).
MP-200 with remote sensor
Viewable on meter display & downloadable to a PC: • (SMPL) 99 Sample Measurements • (LOG) 99 Log Measurements Downloadable only: • (LOG) 99 Daily Total Measurements
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MP-100 on mounting plate AL-210
MP-100 Pyranometer meter, integral sensor ............................................... MP-200 Pyranometer meter, remote sensor ................................................ Accessories (pg 40) AL-100 Leveling plate ............................................................................... AL-210 Leveling plate and mount for meters w/ integral sensor...................... AC-100 Communication cable & software for downloading data to PC...............
Specifications Cosine Response • 45º zenith angle: < 1% • 75º zenith angle: ± 4%
Memory • 99 manually stored data points • Automatically store 99 consecutive 30 minute averages • 99 daily totals
Absolute Accuracy • ± 5%
Uniformity • ± 3%
Repeatability • ± 1%
Input Power • Standard 3 V coin cell battery
Dimensions • 2.4 cm diameter by 2.75 cm height
Display • 4.2 by 2.8 cm
Operating Environment • 0 to 50 C • Less than 90% non-condensing, relative humidity up to 30 C • Less than 70% relative humidity from 30 to 50 C
Warranty • 1 year against defects in materials and workmanship
Range • 0 to 1999 W m-2
Mass • MP-100: 150 g • MP-200: 180 g
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Measure instantaneous photosynthetic photon flux MQ series quantum meters provide rapid, mobile measurements of instantaneous PPF, daily total PPF integration and datalogging capability using our SQ series quantum sensors. MQ series quantum meters contain accurate calibration settings for measurement of sunlight and electric light and can be set to display either measurement.
Quantum
Two meter versions are available, one with a fixed sensor mounted on top of the handheld meter (MQ100) and one with a remote sensor connected to the handheld meter via two meters of cable (MQ-200 & 300 series).
MQ-200 with remote sensor
Viewable on meter display & downloadable to a PC: • (SMPL) 99 Sample Measurements • (LOG) 99 Log Measurements Downloadable only: • (LOG) 99 Daily Total Measurements
MQ-300 with line sensor
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These meters feature our innovative, selfcleaning, cosinecorrected, blue lens for improved spectral response and longterm stability.
MQ-100 with integral sensor
MQ-100 Quantum meter, integral sensor.................................................... MQ-200 Quantum meter, remote sensor .................................................... MQ-301 Line quantum 70-10 with meter ................................................... MQ-303 Line quantum 50-3 with meter ..................................................... MQ-306 Line quantum 50-6 with meter ..................................................... Accessories (pg 40) AL-100 Leveling plate ............................................................................... AL-210 Leveling plate and mount for meters w/ integral sensor...................... AC-100 Communication cable & software for downloading data to PC...............
Specifications Memory • 99 manually stored data points • Automatically store 99 consecutive 30 minute averages • 99 daily totals
Input Power • Standard 3 V coin cell battery
Display
Operating Environment
• 4.5 cm width by 2.8 cm height
Mass • • • •
MQ-100: 150 g MQ-200: 180 g MQ-301: 380 g MQ-303, MQ-306: 300 g
• 0 to 50 C • Less than 90% non-condensing relative humidity up to 30 C • Less than 70% relative humidity from 30 to 50 C
Warranty • 1 year against defects in materials and workmanship
Measurement Range • 0 to 2999 µmol m
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Measure ultraviolet radiation
MU series UV radiation meters provide rapid, mobile measurements of instantaneous UV radiation, daily total UV radiation integration and datalogging capability using our SU series UV sensors. MU series UV meters may be set for output of UV measurement in units of μmol m-2 s-1 or W m 2.
Ultraviolet
Two versions of the meter are available, one with a fixed sensor mounted on top of the handheld meter (MU-100) and one with a remote sensor connected to the handheld meter via two meters of cable (MU-200).
Viewable on meter display & downloadable to a PC: • (SMPL) 99 Sample Measurements • (LOG) 99 Log Measurements
MU-200 with remote sensor
Downloadable only: • (LOG) 99 Daily Total Measurements
This sensor is particularly useful for determining the UV filtering capacity of transparent plastic and glass barriers commonly used below electric lamps.
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Figure 1
Spectroradiometer µmol m-2 s-1; 300-400 nm
Although the relative wavelengths of UV radiation differ between sunlight and electric lights, our measurements indicate that this sensor provides a close estimate of the UV radiation coming from electric lamps.
Apogee UV meter vs spectroradiometer under metal halide and high-pressure sodium lamps
MU-100 Ultraviolet meter, integral sensor .................................................. MU-200 Ultraviolet meter, remote sensor ................................................... Accessories (pg 40) AL-100 Leveling plate ............................................................................... AL-210 Leveling plate and mount for meters w/ integral sensor...................... AC-100 Communication cable & software for downloading data to PC...............
Specifications Memory • 99 manually stored data points • Automatically store 99 consecutive 30 minute averages • 99 daily totals
Absolute Accuracy • ± 10%
Long-Term Drift
Input Power • Standard 3 V coin cell battery
Display • 4.2 by 2.8 cm
Mass • MU-100: 150 g • MU-200: 180 g
• Less than 3% per year
Operating Environment • 0 to 50 C • Less than 90% non-condensing, relative humidity up to 30 C • Less than 70% relative humidity from 30 to 50 C
Warranty • 1 year against defects in materials and workmanship
Range • 0 - 199.9 µmol m-2 s-1 (full UV in sunlight; 170 µmol m-2 s-1)
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Measure oxygen gas concentration
MO series oxygen meters provide rapid, mobile measurements of instantaneous oxygen mole fraction, daily average oxygen mole fraction and datalogging capability using the fast response oxygen sensor.
Oxygen
Being a galvanic cell type sensor, a small amount of oxygen is consumed in the reaction in order to produce the current flow and subsequent mV output. The oxygen consumption was measured to be 2.2 micromoles (µmol) O2 per day when the O2 concentration was 20.95% (3240 mmol) at 23 degrees Celsius.
Each meter can store up to 99 manually recorded measurements. In automatic mode, measurements are made every 30 seconds and averages are stored every 30 minutes. Daily averages are also calculated and the past 99 days are recorded. The AC-100 communication cable must be purchased to download data to a PC.
Viewable on meter display & downloadable: • (SMPL) 99 Sample Measurements • (LOG) 99 Log Measurements Downloadable only: • (LOG) 99 Daily Total Measurements
This meter is useful for
• monitoring soil respiration • soil aeration • gaseous O2 levels in the field or laboratory
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Figure 1
Measurement of seed respiration by O2 depletion.
Effect of humidity on relative O2 concentration at varying temperatures.
MO-200 Oxygen Meter ............................................................................ Accessories (pg 40) AC-100 Communication cable & software for downloading data to PC.............. AO-001 Diffusion head ............................................................................. AO-002 Flow-through head .......................................................................
Specifications Memory • 99 manually stored data points • Automatically store 99 consecutive 30 minute averages • 99 daily totals
Accuracy • < 0.02% O2 drift per day
Repeatability • ± 0.001% O2 (10 ppm)
Range • 0 to 100% O2
Response Time • 14 seconds
Input Power • Standard 3 V coin cell battery
Gas Effect • CO2, CO, NO, NO2, H2S, H2, CH4 - No effect • NH3, HCI, C6H6 (Benzene) - <1%
Diffusion Head (AO-001) • 3.5 cm tall by 3.5 cm diameter • 125 mesh screen • Creates air pocket
Flow-Through Head (AO-002) • 3.2 cm long by 3.2 cm diameter • 1/8” barbed adapters • For hose connections
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Display • 4.2 by 2.8 cm
Mass • Meter: 80 g • Sensor and wire: 175 g
Operating Environment • 0 to 50 C • < 90% non-condensing relative humidity up to 30 C • < 70% relative humidity from 30 to 60 C • 60 to 150 kPa
Warranty • 1 year against defects in materials and workmanship
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Take non-destructive measurements of relative chlorophyll concentration
Chlorophyll Content
The CCM-200 (manufactured by Opti-Sciences, Inc., Hudson, New Hampshire, USA) indicates the relative chlorophyll content of leaves by measuring the chlorophyll content index (CCI). See Figure 1 for more detail. The CCM-200 integrates a large leaf area in order to provide a representative spatial average of leaf CCI. It also includes datalogging capability and GPS synchronization. Applications include: â&#x20AC;˘ relative chlorophyll content comparison within and between plant species â&#x20AC;˘ chlorophyll content estimation based on published equations relating CCI to chlorophyll content
Related Product The spectroradiometer measures reflectance and transmission.
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Figure 1
Designed to make measurements quickly and store them by the thousands.
Chlorophyll Meter ratios transmission at 653 and 931 nm to approximate chlorophyll concentration.
Integrates a leaf area 10 times larger than the Minolta chlorophyll meter and is 2/3 the price.
CCM-200 Chlorophyll Content Meter .......................................................
Specifications Measured Parameters • Ratio of optical transmission at 931 nm (50 nm half-bandwidth) divided by transmission at 653 nm (25 nm halfbandwidth)
Measurement Area • 71 mm2 • 0.95 cm diameter
Resolution • ± 0.1 Chlorophyll Concentration Index (CCI) unit
Input & Output • Mini USB port provided for main data transfer • RS-232 port can be used as backup data transfer with software • RS-232 port can also be used with GPS for integrated measurement
Detectors • Two silicon photodiodes with integral amplifiers
Sample Acquisition Time • 2 - 3 seconds
Radiation Source • Two LEDs
Temperature Drift • Temperature compensated source and detector circuitry for minimum drift over full range
Operating Temperature • 0 - 50 C
Input Power • Standard 9 V alkaline battery (included)
Range • 0 to 200
User Interface • 50 mm by 15 mm graphic display screen • 8 keys for control and data manipulation • Beep-signal for status and warnings
Mass • 220 g (with battery)
Warranty • 1 year against defects in materials and workmanship
Storage Capacity • Internal datalogging of over 100,000 measurements
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Applications T-FACE: Temperature Free-Air Controlled Enhancement This type of experiment applies a heating treatment to open-field plant canopies, simulating models of future warmer conditions. Dr. Bruce Kimball of the Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center and colleagues design and operate such experiments. In 2005 they developed a proportionalâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;integrativeâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;derivative control system for controlling the rise in temperatures. Apogee Infrared Radiometers provided the data on control and heated plot temperatures. Dr. Kimball and his colleagues have developed hexagonal arrays of infrared heaters that produce uniform warming across 3-meter-diameter plots. The degree of warming is maintained using the proportional-integrative-derivative control system for controlling the rise in temperatures. Apogee Infrared Radiometers (housed in a white PVC pipe radiation shield in the photo) sense the canopy temperatures of the heated plots as well as unheated reference plots which are used by dataloggers to modulate the output of the heaters. Similar infrared warming experimentation using this design and Apogee Infrared Radiometer sensors are also underway in Haibei, Qinghai, China; Cheyenne, WY; Ely and Cloquet, MN; Urbana, IL; Lexington, KY, and several other places around the world.
Kimball, B. A., 2005. Theory and performance of an infrared heater for ecosystem warming. Kimball, B.A., M.M. Conley, S. Wang, X. Lin, C. Luo, J. Morgan, and D. Smith. 2008. Infrared heater arrays for warming ecosystem field plots. Global Change Biology 14:309320.
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Systems
Measure photon and energy flux
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Spectroradiometer
Measure photon flux and energy flux with half nanometer bandwidth resolution
A spectroradiometer measures the spectral (wavelength-dependent) intensity of radiation within a specific wavelength range. PS series spectroradiometers (manufactured by StellarNet, Inc.) measure ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared wavelengths. Three models are available for different wavelength ranges. PS series calibrations are traceable to an NIST-traceable calibration lamp. Detectors for PS series spectroradiometers are built by Apogee and feature a cosinecorrected castle design to accurately measure radiation at all incidence angles. PS series spectroradiometers come complete with all required components for portable use, including a carrying case. A computer is required to interface with PS series spectroradiometers in order to view measurements, download data and power the instrument. Required software is included.
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Applications include: • irradiance • luminance • transmission • absorption • detailed analysis of radiation sources and barriers
Figure 1
Photons at shorter wavelengths have higher energy per photon. This graph demonstrates the relationship between photon flux measured in moles and energy flux measured in Joules.
PS-100 Spectroradiometer PAR/NIR (350-1000 nm) ................................. PS-200 Spectroradiometer UV/PAR (300-850 nm) .................................... PS-300 Spectroradiometer UV/NIR (300-1000 nm) .................................. Accessories (pg 40) AS-001 Pre-programmed sub notebook computer ................................... AS-003 Reflectance probe ....................................................................... AS-004 Reflectance standard ..................................................................
Specifications Wavelength Range • PS-100: 350 to 1000 nm • PS-200: 300 to 850 nm • PS-300: 300 to 1000 nm
Base Unit Size • PS-100: 15.5 x 9.5 x 4 cm • PS-200: 15.5 x 11 x 8 cm • PS-300: 15.5 x 11 x 8 cm
Base Unit Mass • PS-100: 500 g • PS-200: 900 g • PS-300: 900 g
Detector
Linear Range • 0 - 2.1 absorbance units (< 0.5%)
Exposure Range • 4 milliseconds to 60 seconds (synoptic multi-channel)
Integration Time Range • 4 to 6500 ms
Optical Cable • 2 meters armored cable; cables are not interchangeable
Wavelength Resolution
Wavelength Repeatability • < 0.05 nm
Wavelength Stability • < 0.001 nm per degree C
Dynamic Range • 1 to 4096 counts (± 0.5%)
Signal to Noise Ratio • Up to 1000:1
Warranty • 1 year against defects in materials and workmanship
• 0.5 nm
• 2048 pixel; 14 by 200 um microelement array
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Clear Sky Calculator
Determine the need for recalibration of radiation sensors
The clear sky calculator is a free web-based tool that estimates the intensity of shortwave radiation and photosynthetic photon flux, under a clear sky, falling on the Earthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s surface at any time of day in any location around the world. The calculator is primarily used to determine the need for recalibration of solar radiation and photosynthetically active radiation sensors. Radiation estimates produced by the calculator are most accurate near solar noon during summer months. In a recent study, calculator accuracy was reported to be Âą 3 % when used under optimal conditions*; sensitivity to required input parameters was also reviewed in the study. The calculator is found at www.clearskycalculator.com.
*ASCE Standardized Reference Evapotranspiration Equation. American Society of Civil Engineers. Reston, Virginia, USA. 2005.
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Figure 1
Solar radiation curve for summer day with clear sky shown for shortwave and photosynthetic radiation.
Figure 2
Screen shot of ClearSky Calculator data entry screen.
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Applications Reflectance Dr. Glen Ritchie of the University of Georgia has used the PS-100 Spectroradiometer to take reflectance measurements in cotton fields and estimate defoliation. Chlorophyll gives plant leaves a reflectance spectrum characteristically different from that of soil. Reflectance measurements can be reported in Âľmol m-2s-1, W m-2, or as a relative value.
Ritchie, G.I., C.W. Bednarz, 2005. Estimating Defoliation of Two Distinct Cotton Types Using Reflectance Data. The Journal of Cotton Science, 9:182-188.
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Recalibration We offer sensor recalibrations for both Apogee products and those from other companies. Call or email our tech support to get information on recalibration or to get a RMA number to send in your sensors.
Recalibration of Apogee Instruments sensors All self-powered sensors/meters ...................................................................................... Amplified sensors ............................................................................................................. Infrared sensors............................................................................................................. Spectroradiometers ....................................................................................................... Recalibration of other companiesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; sensors Silicon pyranometers or quantum sensors ....................................................................... Black-body Pyranometers .............................................................................................
Tech Support Phone: Email:
+34 916280817 info@eiccontrol.com
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Accessories AC-100 Communication cable required for data download to a computer. Works with MP, MQ, MU and MO meters.
AL-100 A mounting plate used to keep meters with remote sensors level. Works with sensors SP, SQ 100 & 200 Series, SU and meters in the 200 Series.
AL-210 Leveling plate and mounting base for meters with integral sensors. Works with meters in the 100 series (meter not included).
AO-001 The Diffusion Head is made for the Oxygen Sensor. The attachment is ideal for measurements made in soil.
AO-002 The Flow-Through Head is made for the Oxygen Sensor. The attachment is ideal for in-line measurements.
AS-001 Pre-programmed sub notebook computer for spectroradiometer.
AS-003 Reflectance probe for spectroradiometer.
AS-004 Reflectance standard for spectroradiometer.
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Ordering
Ordering Information Most products can be ordered at:
www.eiccontrol.com
For more ordering information contact:
info@eiccontrol.com
Company Contact Equipos Instrumentaci贸n y Control SL
+34 916280817 (Phone)
C/ Fresno 1-bis - Urb. Prado Norte
+34 916280453 (Fax)
28110 Algete - Madrid Hours: 9 AM - 6 PM Monday - Friday
Technical Support info@eiccontrol.com
For technical information contact:
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