Assessment Report on Energy Efficiency Institutional Arrangements in Asia
48
JICA support to Tashkent Thermal Power Plant Modernization Project 2002 Meanwhile, energy infrastructure improvement and training programmes are priority areas of Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) in Uzbekistan. JICA provides financial, technical and consultative support to the Government for energy project implementation. The US$250 million Tashkent Thermal Power Plant Modernization Project which was started in 2002, for instance, is a loan from JICA (JICA, 2009).
TPES per capita has also increased during the same period, from 0.13 TOE per capita to 0.16, while GDP energy intensity was maintained at 0.09 TOE/000. The country’s energy intensity is the lowest among its South Asian neighbors which could be attributed to the low standards of living (GDP per capita in Bangladesh was US$1 854 compared to US$3 581 in neighboring India). Nevertheless, prospects for EE in the country are positive given its policy direction towards the more efficient consumption of energy.
Main barriers to EE promotion in Uzbekistan A number of barriers to the development of energy savings policy are taking place in the country including: • the dominating share of energy intensive indus tries and raw materials in primary energy mix; • the high level of energy distribution losses because of obsolete equipment; • inefficient functioning of district heating systems ; • low heat power and hot water tariffs for households due to state subsidies; • low level of secondary energy resources utilization; • limited use of renewable energy potential; and • insufficient coordination among government bodies involved in EE policy.
EE enabling legislation and policies
SOUTH ASIA EE policies, institutions, actors, programmes and projects for the following South Asian countries - Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka - are discussed.
BANGLADESH Between 2000 and 2007, Bangladesh registered an increase in GDP measured in purchasing power parity from US$199 billion to US$294.1 billion (IEA, 2009).
National Energy Policy of Bangladesh (draft, 2008) The policy, which was in its draft form in 2008, contains the following provisions in addressing EE: • CFL Standards including other energy efficient appliances with appropriate power factor is to be introduced; • Use of power factor improvement plants is to be mandatory for all new consumers using induction motors in industries, bulk commercial consumers and irrigation pumps. Existing consumers of these categories are also to be encouraged to install such plants; • Attempts are to be made by the utilities to improve efficiency of operating plants to the extent possible through rehabilitation. Replace ment of power plants shall be made if this is more economical than rehabilitation; • High efficiency electrical appliances are to be used. Manufacturers /importers are to manu facture/import high efficiency appliances like fluorescent lamps with efficient ballast, electronic regulators for fans, high efficiency electric motors, ACs with a good EE Ratio, pumps with capacitor, CFL with appropriate power factor and harmonics; • Replacement/modification of existing appli ances is to be completed within reasonable time frame; and. • Exemption of tax and duty may be considered for importing materials for producing energy efficient appliances