Education: Hope for newcomers in Europe
and references to the protection of minors. According to the Office of the Ombudsman, “there are significant gaps in the specific procedure used to detect the specific international protection needs and to determine the interest of minors… the approach to applications for international protection filed by minors is absolutely different from that for applications from adults, and consequently, the sole form of assessing in-depth and with sufficient guarantees whether it is advisable to grant protection is to treat applications from minors differently.” (Ombudsman, 2016a, p. 75). The Spanish reception system for applicants for, or beneficiaries of, international protection is organised along a double network consisting of public migration centres on the one hand, and a series of receptional measures and programmes managed by non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and subsidised by the Ministry of Employment and Social Security. The public network has four Refugee Reception Centres (known by the Spanish acronym CARs), managed directly by the Administration and employees of the Ministry of Employment and Social Securities. They were all created in 1989 and specialise in asylum seekers. These centres provide accommodation, sustenance, urgent and primary psychological and social assistance for asylum seekers in Spain, but do not have economic resources to attend to their needs and those of their family. The CARs are located in different territories of Spain, more specifically in Seville, Valencia and Madrid, with two such centres in the latter. Reception facilities run by NGOs are managed mainly by the Spanish Catholic Migration Commission Association (known by the Spanish acronym ACCEM), the Spanish Refugee Aid Commission (known by the Spanish acronym CEAR), the Spanish Red Cross (known by the Spanish acronym CRE) and the Mercy Foundation for Migration. These bodies manage some 2,000 reception places, with a €13 million direct subsidy from the administration.
The situation in Melilla and unaccompanied foreign minors Located on the African continent and governed by their own Statute of Autonomy, the cities of Ceuta and Melilla constitute a key point in the migration routes. Both are located on the Mediterranean coast just a few kilometres from the Iberian peninsula, and are thus one of the most common access ways to Europe. Given the pressure of the migration flows in these areas, so-called Centres for Temporary Stay of Migrants (known by the Spanish acronym CETI) have opened up, designed as provisional reception facilities and geared to providing essential services and basic social benefits to migrants and/or asylum seekers who arrive at those cities, in many cases as a preparatory step to reach the Iberian Peninsula by sea. This is where the identification formalities C7