Hanging Punctuation Hanging punctuation is a way of typesetting quotation marks and bullet points. By not doing so a quotation mark that is flush with the text will interrupt the left margin and disrupt the rhythm of the reader. The use of hanging quotes keeps the left alignment intact and balanced therefore increasing readability.
Kerning Characters in proportional fonts take up different amounts of space between them. By means of kerning the spacing between characters in proportional fonts is reduced thus forming a more consistent typeface.
Source: Wikipedia
Ligature In typography a ligature occurs when two or more characters are joined to one single glyph or type, which were used in old printing machines. In the Western writing system ligatures are mainly used to reduce white space between two letters, i.e. letters are not joined to one glyph but the whitespace between them, for example, in letter combinations such as fi, ffl
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