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INDIAN 101 Follow Us On
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1001 Marquette Ave NW Albuquerque, NM 87102 505-842-8677 AIO@aio.org
Ma ru ah weh kah! You all, talk to me!
45 years of Movement Building
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AGENDA • • • • • • • • •
AIO Background Ancient History Diversity of Tribal America Regional Cultures U.S./Tribal Relation Federal Indian Policy of Assimilation Demographics Resiliency Q&A www.aio.org
RETURN OF TAOS BLUE LAKE
The Four R’s
Relationships
Responsibility
Kinship We are related to everybody and all matter
Community We have a responsibility to our relatives
Reciprocity
Redistribution
Interconnectedness Everything is cyclical as is the nature of the Universe
Generosity Sharing resources/ information brings balance
Indian 101 Bingo The object: Get a Bingo! Instructions: Initial a box if you know the answer to complete a straight line (vertical, horizontal or diagonal). There will be a prize!
“WE DON’T STUDY AMERICAN HISTORY. WE STUDY EUROPEANS COMING TO AMERICA.”
MYTH: Europeans came to a wilderness and created a civilization
Sophisticated Civilizations Existed in the Americas Pre-contact
Native Cultures and Political Systems Influence U.S. Government
“It would be a strange thing if Six Nations of ignorant savages should be capable of forming a scheme for such an union, and be able to execute it in such a manner as that it has subsisted ages and appears indissoluble.� Benjamin Franklin, 1751
Sophisticated Economic and Agricultural Systems Trade and Commerce
Horticulture
Irrigation
Agricultural Engineering
Aquaculture
No Mayan-ology
Diversity in Language
As Different as Chinese is to English
Geographical Diversity
Land-based Cultures and Economies
Southeast - Agricultural
Northeast - Woodlands
Plains - Nomadic
Northwest – Salmon & Cedar
Southwest – Sedentary
Hawaii and Alaska - Subsistence
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INDIAN 101 U.S. / Tribal Relations and Federal Indian Policy
TRIBES ARE GOVERNMENTS Tribal Governments Are a Part of the Federal System of Governments
Triple Citizenship – Tribal/State/United States Sovereignty / Right to Be Self-Governing Treaties w/Crowns of Europe and then the U.S. U.S. Constitution – Article 1, Section 8 Congressional Legislation Executive Orders and Federal Regulations Court Decisions (more time in courts than any other ethnic group) IRA Constitutions or Traditional Forms of Governance Communal Ownership Tribal Jurisdiction
U.S. FEDERAL INDIAN POLICY
Conquest: Doctrine of Discovery
Treaty Era
Removal Trail of Tears
The Long Walk
Reservation Era
Allotment
Indian Re-organization Act
Termination and Relocation
The War on Poverty President Johnson established the National Council on Indian Opportunity in 1969.
“I propose a new goal for our Indian programs: A goal that ends the old debate about ‘termination’ of Indian programs and stresses selfdetermination; a goal that erases old attitudes of paternalism and promotes partnership self-help.”
Self Determination Era
SELF-DETERMINATION • 1968 Indian Civil Rights Act: Recognized the Indian tribes as sovereign nations with the federal government.
• 1975 Self Determination Act: Allowed tribes to
have more control over federally subsidized programs for Indians.
• 1978 Indian Child Welfare Act: Granted tribal governments jurisdiction over child custody and adoption of Indian children.
SELF-DETERMINATION • 1978 American Indian Religious Freedom Act: recognized the integrity of native cultures, ended persecution of American Indian religious practices
• 1988 National Indian Gaming Regulatory Act
establishes the jurisdictional framework that governs Indian gaming
• 1990 Native American Graves Repatriation Act:
Mandated the return of human remains and items of cultural patrimony
Organized Around Issues • Established New Organizations to Address Issues • • • • • • • • • • •
Council of Energy Resource Tribes National Indian Housing Council Intertribal Fish Commission Intertribal Timber Council Native American Rights Fund National Indian Youth Council National Indian Education Association National Indian Child Welfare Association National Indian Gaming Association National Indian Law Students Association National Indian Journalists Association
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INDIAN 101 CURRENT DEMOGRAPHICS AND RESILIENCY
AMERICAN INDIAN/ALASKA NATIVE POPULATION
AIAN POPULATION DISTRIBUTION Alaska Native Villages 1.5% American Indian Areas 20.5%
Outside Tribal Areas 78%
National Dropout Rates Ages 16 To 24 Years (2009)
GRADUATION RATES National Average All Students
National Average AI/AN
Averaged Freshman Graduation Rate (CCD)
75.5%
64.8%
National Status Completion Rate (CPS)
89.8%
82.4%
Graduation Rates 2008-09
EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT LANGUAGE IMMERSION
Source: Postsecondary National Policy Institute
Tribal Enterprises
HOUSING
Food Sovereignty
Rate of Law Enforcement Killings 1999-2011 (per million population/per year)
Native Americans are killed by law enforcement more than any other ethnic group per capita,
followed by African Americans, Latinos, Whites, and Asian Americans.
Juvenile Justice Advocates
“The U.S. Attorney General's advisory committee on Native children says prevention, treatment programs and case workers have proven to be more effective than incarceration.�
Disproportionality Rate of AI/AN Children in Foster Care State
% of Native American Children in General Population
% of Native American Children in Foster Care
Minnesota
1.4%
23.9%
Nebraska
1.1%
9.3%
Idaho
1.2%
6.0%
Iowa
0.3%
1.7%
Wisconsin
1.1%
5.1%
Washington
1.5%
6.3%
Oregon
1.2%
4.9%
Montana
9.5%
36.9%
North Dakota
8.1%
31.4%
South Dakota
12.9%
47.9%
Alaska
17.8%
46.6% National Indian Child Welfare Association 2017
INDIAN CHILD WELFARE
Sexual Violence in Native American Indians are twice as likely to experience a rape/sexual assault compared to all races.
1 in 2 Native girls/women and 1 in 4 Native boys/men are victims of sexual assault
41% of sexual assaults against American Indians are committed by a stranger; 34% by an acquaintance; and 25% by an intimate or
family member.
More than 30% of Native victims reported being in the foster care system as children
SOURCE: Coalition to Stop Violence Against Native Women and https://www.rainn.org/statistics/victims-sexual-violence.
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN ACT
SUICIDE RATES 10-24 YEARS OLD, BY RACE/ETHNICITY, 2005-2009
MASCOTS AND CULTURAL APPROPRIATION
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WHITE HOUSE NATIVE YOUTH INITIATIVE
Water Is Life Movement
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INDIAN 101 RESILIENCY
The Four R’s
Relationships
Responsibility
Kinship We are related to everybody and all matter
Community We have a responsibility to our relatives
Reciprocity
Redistribution
Interconnectedness Everything is cyclical as is the nature of the Universe
Generosity Sharing resources/ information brings balance
Community Impact through Personal Transformation and Strong Cultural Identity
U.N. DECLARATION ON THE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
GLOBAL INDIGENEITY
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LADONNA
Ladonna’s Grandparents Wakeah And Tabbytite
In high school, LaDonna joined every extracurricular activity – most times as the only Native American.
Because of work on integration, Ladonna is made Honorary Member of Delta Sigma Theta African American Sorority
To organize the tribes of Oklahoma, LaDonna founded Oklahomans for Indian Opportunity
Ladonna Leverages Influence As Senate Wife w/ Robert Kennedy
Ladonna Testifies Before Congress Joint Commission On The Mental Health Of Children
Ladonna Serves As Chair, Women’s Advisory Committee On Poverty War On Poverty
Ladonna works closely with Johnson Administration to Advance Rights of Native Americans Four Generations at the White House
Ladonna is an original convener of The Women’s Political Caucus
Ladonna serves on President Carter’s Commission On Mental Health
Ladonna’s Nominated Vice Presidential Candidate
Citizens Party
Ladonna served on Vice President Gore’s Advisory Council On Information Infrastructure
President Clinton appoints Ladonna to the Commission on The Celebration of Women in American History
Ladonna continues to be active in world affairs w/U.S. Representative Michelle Lujan Grisham
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INDIAN 101 THANK YOU! Follow Us On
Facebook: AIO Ambassadors
Twitter: @AIOAmbassador
1001 Marquette Ave NW Albuquerque, NM 87102 505-842-8677 AIO@aio.org