Academic Program Guide 2021-22 by St. George's School

Academic Program 2021-22

PLANNING A COURSE OF STUDY Students should create a balanced course of study that is appropriately rigorous; reflects their passions, gifts and challenges; takes full advantage of the array of distinctive programs at St. George’s from Geronimo to internships and study abroad; and maximizes achievement and success. At the same time, attention needs to be given to Diploma Requirements, noted below. New Students: If you would like help completing the Course Planning Worksheet, please call the Academic Office (401) 842-6653 to set up a telephone appointment with Mrs. Melanie Lewis, Academic Registrar.

A TYPICAL SCHEDULE FOR NEW THIRD-FORMERS Every new third former must take the following class: 1. HUM100 (Humanities 100 - a course that will offer English, history and religion credit). In addition, new third-formers should select from the following: 2. MTH110 Algebra I, MTH210 Geometry, MTH310 Algebra II or a higher level of mathematics (see course descriptions) 3. SCI210 Biology or CHM310 Chemistry (which must be taken alongside or after Algebra II) 4. A language class in either French, Spanish, or Latin. (Placement exams need to be taken.) 5. ART201 or 202 Visual Foundations – either first or second semester. 6. An additional semester-long class. This could be an additional art, music, theater, or religion class (see course descriptions). Either a Bible Studies class (TRS311, 312, 331, 332) or World Religions (TRS321, 322) is a prerequisite for all other religion classes. By choosing from the above list, all third formers will have schedule of five classes (with two of them each lasting one semester).

A TYPICAL SCHEDULE FOR NEW FOURTH-FORMERS There will be some variation in fourth formers’ schedules, depending on whether or not they are repeating the year. Students who are new to fourth form will take: 1. HUM220 2. HUM230 (The two Humanities classes will offer English, history, and religion credit) There will be various choices for the following classes: 3. Math – the next level course that follows in our sequence (Algebra I, Geometry, Algebra II, Precalculus, Calculus, or Statistics. 4. Science – the next course in our sequence (Biology, Chemistry, Physics, or an advanced class) 5. Language – the next level following their course from last year. If new, students will need to take our language placement exam. 6. If a student prefers to wait until the following year to take the next level science class, then a student may choose two semester-long classes.

PLACEMENT IN HONORS OR ADVANCED COURSES Courses designated Honors demand an increased commitment of time and effort from students of 20 to 25 percent above and beyond the already rigorous expectations of any course at St. George’s. Courses designated Advanced demand a commitment 25 to 40 percent above regular expectations. Students interested in pursuing Honors or Advanced work should indicate that preference on the course request sheet. Placement in these courses is determined by department faculty and the Academic Office on the basis of all four of the following factors: 1. Student interest and commitment, as expressed in the course planning worksheet, acknowledging the additional time and effort required; 2. Demonstrated achievement in related courses already completed; 3. Potential for success, given other requirements and demands of the student’s program (it is unusual, for example, for students to be enrolled in four or five honors-level or advanced classes at once); and 4. Available seats in the Honors or Advanced section requested. Students who successfully enroll in Honors or Advanced courses are expected to honor the commitment that their teachers have made to them by maintaining and completing the course; low grades or insufficient effort are not grounds for dropping any course at St. George’s School.

ACADEMIC CREDIT FROM OUTSIDE PROGRAMS While encouraging learning for enrichment over the summer, St. George’s does not award academic credit or advanced placement for external summer work done in a school, online, or in tutorials.

DIPLOMA REQUIREMENTS The requirements for a St. George’s diploma ensure broad exposure for students across the curriculum and, at the same time, enable students to pursue depth in particular areas of interest and academic passion. These represent a minimum; entrance requirements for certain colleges and universities may exceed this minimum in certain disciplines. Students may receive credit toward the St. George’s diploma for courses taken previously at the high school level when it is clear that they meet the equivalent of our own curricular requirements. Students must complete their sixth-form year at St. George’s and pass all courses during their senior year regardless of the total credits accumulated prior to the senior year. Please see The Shield for additional information about non-academic graduation requirements.

CREATIVE & PERFORMING ARTS One year or two semesters of visual art, music or theater, for academic credit, in any combination, during the high school years. New fifth-formers must complete one semester of visual art, music, or theatre for academic credit. Successful completion of a one-year performing ensemble or private instrumental or vocal instruction taken for credit satisfies one semester of this requirement. Enrollment in ensembles constitutes a sixth course.

HUMANITIES English - Four full years Humanities 1 begins a sequence of lower-form interdisciplinary classes that fulfill the four-year English requirement while also laying a foundation for study in the humanities. History & Social Science — Two years, one of which must be Humanities 3: American Studies English and History. Theology & Religious Studies — Two semester courses for those entering in the third form, one semester for those entering in the fourth form, and one semester for those entering in the fifth form. Entering third- and fourth-form students should enroll in Hebrew Scripture, New Testament, or World Religions as a prerequisite for theology courses in the upper forms. Completion of Asian Civilizations or Race Relations satisfies one semester of this requirement.

LANGUAGE & CULTURE STUDIES Study at least through the third year (Level III) in one language. The language requirement can be met with either a classical (Latin) or modern language (French, Spanish, or Chinese). Students who enter St. George’s with prior second-language experience in Chinese, French, Latin, or Spanish must demonstrate proficiency by taking a placement exam and consulting with the department chair and a St. George’s language teacher in order to satisfy the St. George’s graduation requirement for language. While students for whom English is not the native language are not required to take French, Spanish, Chinese, or Latin, as English qualifies as their language of study, we strongly recommend that those students who are already proficient in English do so.

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING & MATHEMATICS Math — Algebra I, Geometry, Algebra II, and Pre-calculus. The majority of students enroll in mathematics through the senior year.

Science — Two year-long laboratory science courses during the high school years. The majority of St. George’s students graduate with at least three years of high school science. The Science Department also recommends that seniors enroll in science electives only to complement a program that includes biology, chemistry and physics.

Geronimo Geronimo is the offshore marine science program on board the school’s 70-foot sloop of the same name. Interested students apply for one of four trips during the year – fall, winter, spring, or summer. Students are encouraged to consider making Geronimo part of their curriculum at St. George’s. The Geronimo program is the opportunity of a lifetime and an integral part of the school, at no additional tuition cost for students who participate. Those sailing during the academic year receive full academic credit for the program and must be in good academic standing as they apply, and prior to their departure. Participation also requires careful advance planning because some St. George’s courses, such as a first-year language, lab sciences, or Advanced Courses, can be challenging to manage successfully without the benefit of the on-campus classroom experience. Since Geronimo is a major commitment, interested students should discuss the program with their parents and advisors. Applications are available from Captain Dawson. The fall voyage is not open to new students.

Independent Study Sixth-formers who have completed the published curriculum of an academic department have the opportunity to study an area of special interest for a semester in a graded, individual tutorial with a faculty member who shares their interest. A detailed proposal from the student outlining the goals of the project, the texts and other resources to be used, a proposed weekly syllabus, and a list of expected outcomes must be drafted by the student, and submitted to Ms. Devon Ducharme, Chair of the Connected Learning Department, by the deadlines listed on the Independent Study Application sent to all juniors with their course-planning information. Additional proposal forms are available from Ms. Ducharme and require not only the signatures of a faculty sponsor and the student’s advisor, but also the approval of a small committee of department chairs and faculty. Successful completion of approved semester proposals earns half a credit and replace one of the five courses in a student’s semester program.

Courses by Department 2021-2022 Course ID

Title

Open to

Prerequisite(s)/Corequisite

CONNECTED LEARNING ART 301

PRINCIPLES OF ENGINEERING

all forms

Visual Foundation & pre/corequisite Chemistry

SCI 331,332

MARINE SCIENCE

IV, V & VI

For Geronimo crew

ART 432

DESIGN SCIENCE

all forms

Visual Foundation & two TRI of Geometry

HSS 540/H

GLOBAL STUDIES

VISUAL & PERFORMING ARTS ART 201,202

VISUAL FOUNDATION

all forms

MUS 201

MUSIC FOUNDATION

all forms

MUS 202

STUDIES IN CONTEMPORARY MUSIC

all forms

THE 201,202

THEATER FOUNDATION I

all forms

MUS 221

INTRO. TO MUSIC TECHNOLOGY

all forms

MUS 222

AUDIO RECORDING TECHNIQUES

all forms

ART 211,212

INTRODUCTION TO PHOTOGRAPHY

all forms

Visual Foundation

ART 331,332

3D DESIGN

ART 361, 362

2D PAINTING AND PRINTMAKING

all forms

Visual Foundation

ART 352

2D DRAWING

all forms

Visual Foundation

ART 381,382

VIDEO ART

all forms

Visual Foundation

ART 410/A

DRAWING & 2D DESIGN (A)

IV, V & VI

Visual Foundation

ART 430/A

3D DESIGN (A)

IV, V & VI

Visual Foundation

ART 452/H

3D/WELDING (H)

IV, V, VI

Visual Foundation

MUS 510/A

MUSIC THEORY (A)

Music Foundation

Departmental permission

HUMANITIES HUM 100

HUMANITIES I

III

HUM 220,230

HUMANITIES II

ENG 300

AMERICAN LITERATURE

HSS 300/A

EUROPEAN HISTORY (A)

IV, V VI by invitation

TRS 311,312

BIBLE STUDIES/HEBREW SCRIPTURE

III & IV

TRS 321,322

WORLD RELIGIONS

III & IV

TRS 331,332

BIBLE STUDIES/NEW TESTAMENT

III & IV

HSS 400

U.S. HISTORY

V & VI

TRS 411,412

FAITH & DOUBT

IV, V, VI

HSS 420/A

U.S. HISTORY (A)

V & VI by invitation

TRS 421,422

FREEDOM, DECISION & ETHICS

IV, V, VI

ENG 450/A

ENGLISH: AMERICAN STUDIES (A)

V & VI by invitation

HSS 450/A

HISTORY: AMERICAN STUDIES (A)

V & VI by invitation

HSS 540/H

GLOBAL STUDIES

TRS 511,512

EVIL & JUSTICE

IV, V, VI

ENG 520

MARITIME LITERATURE

HSS 520

ECONOMICS

V, VI

TRS 522

WOMEN & THE BIBLE

IV, V, VI

one TRI Bible Studies or World Religions

HSS 530

RACE RELATIONS

V, VI

pre/corequisite U.S History

HSS 532

HISTORY OF MEDICINE

V & VI

two TRI U.S. History

ENG 540

PRIZE-WINNING LITERATURE

ENG 550

ADVENTURES IN LITERATURE

ENG 610/A

ENGLISH LITERATURE (A)

VI by invitation

HSS 610/A

AMERICAN GOVERNMENT (A)

VI by invitation

HSS 620/A

ECONOMICS (A)

VI by invitation

one TRI Bible Studies or World Religions

U.S. History

LANGUAGE & CULTURE STUDIES FRE 100

FRENCH I

all forms

LAT 100

LATIN I

all forms

SPA 100

SPANISH I

all forms

CHI 200

CHINESE II (remote for 2021-22)

all forms

FRE 200

FRENCH II

all forms

LAT 200

LATIN II

all forms

Latin I

SPA 200

SPANISH II

all forms

Spanish I

CHI 220/H

CHINESE II (H) (remote)

all forms by invitation

Chinese I

FRE 220/H

FRENCH II (H)

III & IV by invitation

French I

LAT 220/H

LATIN II (H)

all forms by invitation

Latin I

SPA 220/H

SPANISH II (H)

all forms by invitation

Spanish I

CHI 300

CHINESE III (remote)

III, IV, V & VI

Chinese II

FRE 300

FRENCH III

all forms

French II or II (H)

LAT 300

LATIN III

IV, V & VI

Latin II or II (H)

SPA 300

SPANISH III

all forms

Spanish II

CHI 320/H

CHINESE III (H) (remote)

IV, V & VI by invitation Chinese II or II (H)

FRE 320/H

FRENCH III (H)

all forms by invitation

Chinese I

French II or II (H)

LAT 320/H

LATIN III (H)

IV, V & VI by invitation Latin II or II (H)

SPA 320/H

SPANISH III (H)

all forms by invitation

Spanish II or II (H)

SPA 400

SPANISH IV

IV, V, & VI

Spanish III or III (H)

LAT 400

LATIN IV

IV, V & VI by invitation Latin III or III (H)

LAT 410/A

LATIN (A)

IV, V & VI by invitation Latin II or Latin III (H) by invitation

CHI 401, 402

CHINESE IV-1, 2 (remote)

IV, V & VI

Chinese III or III (H)

FRE 401, 402

FRENCH IV-1, 2

IV, V & VI

French III or III (H)

SPA 420/H

SPANISH IV (H)

IV, V, & VI by invitation Spanish III or III (H)

CHI 421/H, 422/H

CHINESE IV (H)-1, 2 (remote)

IV, V & VI by invitation Chinese III or III (H)

FRE 421/H, 422/H

FRENCH IV-1, 2 (H)

IV, V & VI by invitation French III or III (H)

LAT 521/H, 522/H

LATIN V (H)

V & VI

Latin IV, Latin IV (A) by invitation); may be taken apart or consecutively

SPA 501, 502

SPANISH V-1,2

V & VI

Spanish IV or IV (H); may be taken apart or consecutively

CHI 510/A

CHINESE LANGUAGE (A) (remote)

FRE 510/A

FRENCH LANGUAGE (A)

IV, V & IV by invitation French IV (H), or III (H) by invitation

SPA 510/A

SPANISH LANGUAGE (A)

V & VI by invitation

FRE 611/A, 612/A

FRENCH LANGUAGE (A)-1,2

IV, V & IV by invitation French V (A) by invitation, may be taken apart or consecutively

SPA 610/A

SPANISH LITERATURE (A)

V & VI

Spanish Language (A) by invitation

SPA 621/H, 622/H

SPANISH VI-1,2

VI by invitation

Spanish V-1 or 2, 621/H; may be taken apart or consecutively

Chinese IV (H), or IV by invitation

Spanish IV (H), or III (H) by invitation

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING & MATH (STEM) MTH 110

ALGEBRA I

III

BIO 210

BIOLOGY

III & IV

MTH 210

GEOMETRY

III & IV

BIO 220/H

BIOLOGY (H)

III & IV by invitation

MTH 220/H

GEOMETRY (H)

III & IV by invitation

Algebra I

CHM 300

PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY

IV & V by invitation

pre/corequisite Algebra II

MTH 300

INTRO ALGEBRA II

IV & V by invitation

Geometry

CHM 310

CHEMISTRY

IV & V

pre/corequisite Algebra II

MTH 310

ALGEBRA II

III, IV & V Geometry

CHM 320/H

CHEMISTRY (H)

IV & V by invitation

MTH 320/H

ALGEBRA II (H)

III, IV & V by invitation Geometry

MTH 400

INTRO PRECALCULUS

V & VI Algebra II

MTH 410

PRECALCULUS

V & VI

Algebra II or Algebra II (H)

PHY 410

PHYSICS

V & VI

Algebra II

SCI 411, 412

MARINE BIOLOGY

V & VI

Biology & Chemistry

BIO 420/A

BIOLOGY (A)

V & VI by invitation

Chemistry

Algebra I

pre/corequisite Algebra II

CHM 420/A

CHEMISTRY (A)

V & VI by invitation

pre/corequisite Algebra II

SCI 420/A

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (A)

V & VI by invitation

Biology & either Chemistry or Physics

MTH 420/H

PRECALCULUS (H)

IV, V & VI by invitation Algebra II (H)

PHY 460/A

PHYSICS 1 (A)

V & VI by invitation

pre/corequisite Algebra II (H)

PHY 480/A

PHYSICS C (A)

V & VI by invitation

Calculus

COM 500

COMPUTER SCIENCE

V & VI, IV by invitation Precalculus

MTH 500

STATISTICS

V & VI

Intro Precalculus

MTH 510/A

STATISTICS (A)

V & VI by invitation

Precalculus

MTH 600

CALCULUS

VI and by invitation to V Precalculus

MTH 610/A

AB CALCULUS (A)

V & VI by invitation

Precalculus

MTH 620/A

BC CALCULUS (A)

V & VI by invitation

Precalculus

MTH 630/A

MULTIVARIABLE CALCULUS (A)

VI by invitation

AB or BC Calculus

Course Descriptions by Department 2021-2022

CONNECTED LEARNING: Interdisciplinary and experiential courses, P.1 VISUAL & PERFORMING ARTS: Music, theater & visual arts (*two semesters of arts in any subdiscipline, or two for entering fifth-formers), P.3. HUMANITIES: English, history & social science, theology & religious studies (*four years of English; two years of history including one of U.S. history; two semesters of theology & religious studies including one of Bible Studies or World Religions, or one for entering fourth-formers, or one for entering fifth-formers). Humanities I serves as a foundational course for all third-formers and fulfills the English requirement in that year. Humanities II serves as an integrated English, history, and religion class for all fourth-formers. P.7 LANGUAGE & CULTURE STUDIES: Chinese, French, Latin, Spanish (*completion of at least three years of study), P.14 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING & MATHEMATICS: (*Two years of yearlong lab science; math through precalculus), P.27 *diploma requirements

CONNECTED LEARNING ART 301 PRINCIPLES OF ENGINEERING Open to all forms

Prerequisites: Visual Foundation; pre-or co-requisite: Chemistry

This semester course is a survey course of engineering. The course exposes students to some of the major concepts that they will encounter in a postsecondary engineering course of study including materials, proposal writing, research and fabrication. Students will have the opportunity to develop skills and understanding of concepts through problem-based learning. Used in combination with a team approach, this course challenges students to continually hone their interpersonal skills, creative abilities and problemsolving skills by using engineering concepts. It also allows students to develop strategies to enable and direct their own learning, which is the ultimate goal of education. Students will employ engineering and scientific concepts in the solution of engineering design problems. Students will develop problem-solving skills and apply their knowledge of research and design to create solutions to various challenges. Students will also learn how to document their work and communicate their solutions to their peers and faculty members.

SCI 331, 332 MARINE SCIENCE Open to IV, V & VI (for Geronimo crews) This semester course is taught on board Geronimo during the school year. It is largely experiential and unique to each voyage track incorporating elements of navigation and seamanship, marine ecology and oceanography. The core of the Geronimo experience is building the seamanship and navigation skills to serve as crew on an ocean-going sailing vessel, while learning lessons in leadership and collaboration. Topics are introduced in a class setting, and then skills are executed and built while on watch. In navigation, we will start with a foundation of basic coastal piloting and progress to celestial navigation, giving students a strong foundation in traditional navigation. Part of the course will closely relate to our geographic location and include components of ecology, marine biology, oceanography and meteorology. Sailing on board Geronimo will afford you a unique perspective for comparing different marine ecosystems. We will employ hands-on explorations of ecosystems, from estuaries and pelagic plankton communities to tropical coral reefs, whenever possible. Geronimo’s long-standing research project, a sea turtle population study in cooperation with the University of Florida, will also be a component of this course. This course is also designed to help you gain a better understanding of our interconnectedness with the marine environment and to develop an appreciation for the role of the ocean on a global scale.

ART 432 DESIGN SCIENCE Open to all forms

Prerequisites: Visual Foundation & one semester of Geometry

This semester course is intended to provide students with hands-on experience in designing, creating and analyzing two- and threedimensional geometric structures, sculptures and models using a variety of media (including paper, wood, metal, ceramics, etc.). Students successfully completing this course would receive one semester credit in Arts and one trimester credit in Mathematics. Possible topics and projects include tessellations, polyhedra, Platonic solids, Archimedean solids and the mathematics and design of commercial packaging. Class periods for this course would include lecture/demonstration and hands-on labs. One or two field trips to local manufacturing facilities and art museums would be included. Each student will maintain a daily journal containing research assignments, design sketches, and potential ideas relating to class projects. The resources of the Arts Center, the Welding Lab, and the Fab Lab would be utilized for the hands-on part of this course. Offered spring.

HSS 540/H GLOBAL STUDIES Open to VI As peoples and cultures are brought into closer contact in the 21st century, this seminar-style yearlong course will allow students to study how these exchanges shape the world in which they live and will hopefully lead. The course will begin with an examination of the forces of globalization, focusing on political, economic and cultural theories. After a preliminary exploration of international relations and global challenges, students will focus in greater depth on one country and the development of a research-based independent study. Students will then travel to the selected country during the spring vacation for field research before returning to campus and producing a thesis-length paper to be defended before a committee and shared with the larger St. George’s School community.

VISUAL & PERFORMING ARTS ART 201, 202 VISUAL FOUNDATION Open to all forms Have you ever wondered what it would be like to be able to draw the things that you see? This course will help you to discover talents you never knew you possessed. Visual Foundation, a prerequisite for all other studio-based art courses, introduces students to the fundamental concepts of two-dimensional and three-dimensional art. Students develop a comprehensive visual vocabulary as they actively confront visual issues and problems in the studio. The course emphasizes the importance of drawing as a primary tool for the development of visual ideas. Media such as pencil, charcoal and ink help students investigate various solutions to visual projects as they build technical skills. A broad range of formal concerns is presented through a series of sequential two-dimensional exercises. Exercises in the use of line, perspective and value will be explored in a sequence that builds in complexity as the semester progresses. Students will observe the work of professional artists for inspiration and learn to evaluate their own solutions and those of their peers through regular group discussion. Offered fall (201), winter (202) and spring (203).

MUS 201 MUSIC FOUNDATION Open to all forms This course is designed for students who have little or no background in music, or for those with some playing experience who want to augment their overall musicianship. As an introduction to the fundamentals of music, students study music notation, theory, reading, listening, history and composition. Basic keyboard skills are introduced and incorporated into the class. Computer-based learning using “MuseScore” provides opportunities to compose music based on the styles and genres covered in class.

MUS 202 STUDIES IN CONTEMPORARY MUSIC Prerequisite: Successful completion of Music Foundation or test to pass out of music foundation Studies in Contemporary Music will explore various genres of music through listening, analysis, songwriting, and performance. Students will delve beyond basic music theory and examine the relationships of musical elements across styles, such as melody, harmony, rhythm, form, texture, and lyrics. Standard music notation and basic keyboard skills will be reinforced; music production software will be utilized to develop musical skills and produce student compositions.

THE 201, 202 THEATER FOUNDATION I Open to all forms Theater Foundation is a semester course designed to introduce students to the basic skills required to perform onstage. By examining the foundational skills of vocal projection, active listening, diction, presence, physical awareness, and script analysis, students gain understandings and abilities within the art of performance. These serve students beyond the art form as well, with clear benefit to public speaking, leadership, and problem-solving. Students learn and experience the importance of connecting to the imagination, committing to the present moment, and engaging in a creative process. A series of performances serve as formative assessments throughout the semester, including individual monologues, an open-ended dialogue, stage combat, and a scene-study as part of the final exam. Students craft and receive constructive feedback from both peers and instructor through each project. Offered fall (201) and winter (202).

ART 211, 212 INTRODUCTION TO PHOTOGRAPHY Open to all forms

Prerequisite: Visual Foundation

Anyone can take a photograph. You may have already taken hundreds of photographs during your lifetime. But what makes a photographic image truly captivating? Astonishing? Evocative? Memorable? It takes far more than pointing and shooting a camera. We engage in an ongoing discussion of the breadth of possibilities in the visual art of photography as students become comfortable using their cameras and the most current photographic software. This semester-long course explores the techniques and applications of acquiring, manipulating and outputting digitized photographic images utilizing Adobe Photoshop. The technical skills for digital photography are covered including reﬁnement of exposure, post-image capture processing and print manipulation. Assignments range from specific exercises with depth of ﬁeld, portraiture, landscape and abstraction. Students are expected to engage fully in critiques and classroom discussions. Students must provide their own DSLR camera and tripod. Offered fall (311) and spring (313).

MUS 221 INTRODUCTION TO MUSIC TECHNOLOGY Open to all forms

Prerequisite: none, but MUSIC FOUNDATIONS or prior performance experience recommended

An introduction to the technology, concepts and techniques used for recording and producing music. This course addresses fundamental audio engineering concepts and audio production technologies in a hands-on lab environment. Topics include music production software and hardware, microphones, DAWs, MIDI, and sequencing tools. Projects will emphasize musical composition and production, utilizing notation software, audio production, and MIDI sequencing.

MUS 222 AUDIO RECORDING TECHNIQUES Open to all forms

Prerequisite: none, but MUSIC FOUNDATIONS or prior performance experience recommended

This course will provide students the opportunity to investigate the technology, concepts, and techniques for recording acoustic instruments in an open studio environment as well as live performances. Topics include studio recording and mixing, microphone selection and placement, signal processing, studio acoustics, mastering and related subjects. Through hands-on experiences, students will gain facility to produce professional sounding recordings.

ART 301 PRINCIPLES OF ENGINEERING Open to all forms

Prerequisites: Visual Foundation & Chemistry

ART 331, 332 3D DESIGN Open to all forms

Prerequisite: Visual Foundation

Learn how to weld, make pottery, shape wood and protect an egg from a 150-foot fall—all in the series of three, single trimester courses. 3D: Clay, 3D: Wood, and 3D: Metal, focus on specific materials and the use of both additive and subtractive methods of construction. Three-Dimensional Design, a studio art elective, offers students an opportunity to explore a wide range of threedimensional form with emphasis on formal vocabulary and the development of an idea. Design problems evolve through the three phases of the creative process: discussion of criteria and development of preliminary ideas, translation of ideas into two-dimensional drawings and execution of plans into three-dimensional objects. Students learn to balance practical issues of function with the formal issues relating to aesthetics. Hand-building ceramic techniques are used in the production of functional ceramics. Students continue to use clay as a medium as they experiment by making scale models for projects, which will be made by using a variety of materials and methods. Formal exercises in wood, paper and welded steel emphasize the structural capabilities of line, plane and volume. Students learn to operate hand and power tools safely in the three-dimensional design studio. The text employed is Block and Leisure’s “Understanding Three Dimensions.”

ART 361, 362 2D PRINTMAKING AND PAINTING Open to all forms

Prerequisite: Visual Foundation

In this course, students investigate several methods of print production, print vocabulary, and a brief history of printmaking. Through research, exploration, and experimentation, images are developed utilizing multiple techniques, both analog and digital, using the hand, the etching press and the large-format printer. Students explore technology in a broad sense, mixing traditional methods of printmaking with new image-making techniques. Contemporary relief methods, monotypes, collagraphs, and digital prints are some of the methods explored. The elements and principles of design are introduced to help guide students in creating thoughtful compositions. All inks and paints used in the class are water-based and non-toxic. Work created in this course can be used to supplement the Advanced Studio Art Portfolio. Offered winter (342) and spring (343).

ART 352 2D DRAWING Open to all forms

Prerequisite: Visual Foundation

2D Drawing offers further exploration of the drawing concepts and skills introduced in Visual Foundation. Composition, line, perspective, value, spatial relationships and the portrait are reviewed and applied to more complex situations. In addition, a color drawing is introduced as well as several projects based on personal ideas and self-expression. This course can serve as a preparation for the Advanced Portfolio courses and students may use artwork created in this class to supplement their portfolio.

ART 381, 382 VIDEO ART Open to all forms

Prerequisite: Visual Foundation

We live in a world in which we have access to powerful computer tools and emergent technologies. In this studio course, we explore the creation of complex digital images and the many ways in which video can support creative expression. Students develop projects and occupy the roles of creator, subject and audience. As such, this course is lab-based and hands-on. The goal is to craft videos that can be analyzed both in terms of their intended impact and their ability to elicit an empathetic experience. Classroom activities and projects focus on Adobe Premiere. Student assessment is based on the quality of and ability to defend aesthetic decisions, and on acquired technical competence. Students must supply their own tripod.

MUSIC 410/A MUSIC THEORY (A) The study of music theory sharpens and enhances one’s insights into and perceptions of music. The goal of this course is to develop an ability to listen to and to understand the processes and synthesis of music. Students will build skills in harmonic and melodic analysis, harmonization technique and the ability to transcribe music as well as rhythmic and melodic training. The course will use the National AP Curriculum in conjunction with the Applied British Royal School of Music Curriculum. At the conclusion of the course, the student will be prepared for the Advanced Placement Music Examination given by the College Board and/or upper levels of the ABRSM exam. The course will culminate with students composing and orchestrating original music in the style of their choice.

ART 410/A DRAWING & 2D DESIGN (A) Open to IV, V & VI

Prerequisite: Visual Foundation

This full-year portfolio course is designed to address a very broad interpretation of drawing and two-dimensional design issues. Light and shade, line quality, rendering of form, composition, surface manipulation and illusion of depth are drawing issues that will be addressed during the first half of the year. The elements of design (line, shape, illusion of space and motion, pattern, texture, value and color) and ordering principles (proportion/scale, rhythm, hierarchy, symmetry/balance and unity) help guide students in making coherent and meaningful decisions relating to composition. The elements are explored and used as a means of artistic expression. The principles help guide students in making decisions about how to organize the elements.

ART 430/A 3D DESIGN (A) Open to IV, V & VI

Prerequisite: Visual Foundation

Three-Dimensional Design Portfolio, a full-year elective, explores a wide range of three-dimensional concepts. Concepts, such as space, plane, volume, form, light and texture are explored through a series of three-dimensional exercises. Additive, subtractive and fabricated processes are utilized to articulate design ideas into coherent three-dimensional solutions. Students are expected to demonstrate a variety of skills, which include traditional sculpture, architectural models, ceramics, wood and metal work as well as industrial design prototypes. Students explore the work of professional artists, designers and architects for ideas and inspiration. Students learn to evaluate their own solutions and those of their peers through regular critiques. Sixteen finished sculptures will be produced (8 breadth, 8 concentration) in accordance with the guidelines suggested by the College Board. Students will have the option of submitting their completed portfolio to the College Board to receive an Advanced Placement score.

ART 432 DESIGN SCIENCE Open to all forms

Prerequisites: Visual Foundation and one semester of Geometry

This semester course is intended to provide students with hands-on experience in designing, creating and analyzing two- and threedimensional geometric structures, sculptures and models using a variety of media (including paper, wood, metal, ceramics, etc.). Students successfully completing this course would receive one semester credit in Arts and one semester credit in Mathematics. Possible topics and projects include tessellations, polyhedra, Platonic solids, Archimedean solids and the mathematics and design of commercial packaging. Class periods for this course would include lecture/demonstration and hands-on labs. One or two field trips to local manufacturing facilities and art museums would be included. Each student will maintain a daily journal containing research assignments, design sketches, and potential ideas relating to class projects. The resources of the Arts Center, the Welding Lab, and the Fab Lab would be utilized for the hands-on part of this course. Offered spring.

ART 452/H 3D/WELDING (H) Open to IV, V, VI

Prerequisite: Visual Foundation

This course provides an introduction to welded steel sculpture. Technical and analytical skills are developed as students employ the concepts, vocabulary and techniques practiced in the Three-Dimensional Design Course. Students learn to operate safely the power tools and welding equipment associated with the fabrication of steel sculpture, including oxyacetylene and MIG methods. The course begins with research and discussion related to the history of 20th century sculpture, with a written paper presented to the class in a seminar format. Students build intermediary models prior to executing full-scale designs. A journal of drawings, research and personal observations is maintained as a method for organizing and developing potential plans. The semester culminates in a large-scale steel sculpture of each student’s individual design. The text used is Nathan Cabot Hale’s “Creating Welded Sculpture.” Offered spring only.

HUMANITIES HUM 100 HUMANITIES I Open to III Welcome to St. George’s ... but how did you arrive here? How is this place different from all the others that you have been to or are from? This yearlong, interdisciplinary humanities course (which fulfills the third-form English, history, and religion requirements) will ask students to consider the variety of forces in their own lives and in history that have shaped the land, people, and places of Aquidneck Island and their own experiences at St. George’s and on the Island. Students will combine reflection and observation of their own personal journeys with an examination of literature, poetry, historical narratives, and archival documents, as well as through examining the island itself as a text. Through sequential semesters focusing on the environment, the Native American experience, and the colonization of the island, students will build skills of direct observation, description, and analysis–developing foundational humanities skills while also identifying the foundations of their place at the school and on the island. In doing so, students will make connections across texts and experiences, both academic and personal, and will develop an understanding of the people and history of Aquidneck Island, what the community has become today, and what their place is in that story.

HUM 200 HUMANITIES II Open to IV ***Course description pending.***

ENG 300 AMERICAN LITERATURE Open to V A full-year course that focuses upon American literature, the class presents texts from both traditional and contemporary sources. Coursework frequently intersects with the U.S. History curriculum. By addressing the texts themselves and their intellectual, cultural and historical contexts, students gain a better understanding of the nature of the nation as a whole. The skills of textual analysis come to the forefront as students build upon the lessons introduced in the third- and fourth-forms and gain familiarity with the exercise of close reading, argument formulation and persuasive writing. Students who show a particular affinity and aptitude for language analysis may be invited to sit for the AP Language and Composition exam in May. The final project for the year is a literary research paper on a novel of the students’ own choice, an essay that requires they put into practice the skills gained during the year and models the kind of independently driven scholarship that they will be asked to perform during the sixth-form year and beyond in college.

HSS 300/A EUROPEAN HISTORY (A) Open to IV, V, VI by invitation This course examines European history in-depth from the Renaissance to the present and is designed for students who possess an intense interest in the study of history as well as strong reading and writing skills. Students study the critical events, trends and people that shaped European history. An important element of the course is analyzing and interpreting primary source documents, such as Machiavelli’s “The Prince;” Locke’s “Second Treatise on Government;” Voltaire’s “Candide;” and Hitler’s “Mein Kampf.” Students prepare in-class oral presentations, computer-generated presentations and write a major research paper. This course prepares students for the Advanced Placement Examination in May. Texts for the course may include McKay, Hill and Buckler’s “A History of Western Society;” Tierney’s “Great Issues in Western Civilization;” Bolt’s “A Man for All Seasons” and Koestler’s: Darkness at Noon.” Manchester’s “A World Lit Only by Fire: The Medieval Mind and the Renaissance” is assigned as the summer reading selection in preparation for this course.

TRS 311, 312 BIBLE STUDIES/HEBREW SCRIPTURE Open to III & IV This course will provide an overview of the major books of the Hebrew Bible, known to Christians as the Old Testament. Students will become familiar with the Pentateuch (the first five books of the Bible), the major historical and poetical books (1 and 2 Samuel, 1 and 2 Kings, Psalms, Song of Solomon, Job, etc.) and the prophets (Isaiah, Jeremiah etc.). They will learn to think critically about biblical texts and to interpret the Bible in a modern context, including consideration of how the biblical stories relate to current conflicts in Israel-Palestine. Among other topics, we will discuss questions that the Hebrew Bible raises about the nature of God, the existence of evil, and the meaning of history.

TRS 321, 322 WORLD RELIGIONS Open to III & IV This course examines five of the major religions of the world: Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam and Judaism. Readings from the sacred scriptures of each religion are studied (the Pali Canon, the Old Testament and the New Testament, the Vedas, the Qur’an and the Tanakh). Students investigate an area of personal interest by undertaking a project that examines a particular religion in closer detail. Students in this course will develop religious literacy, comfort in interfaith settings, and the sensitivities needed to engage in meaningful interreligious and cross-cultural relationships.

TRS 331, 332 BIBLE STUDIES/NEW TESTAMENT Open to III & IV Whether you would describe yourself as an atheist, an agnostic, or a devout believer, you are probably familiar with at least some of the stories about Jesus that appear in the Christian Bible. No matter what your religious background – or lack thereof – this course will introduce you to the basic stories of what Christians call the New Testament. Students will read and compare the four Gospels, each of which tells the story of Jesus’s life in different and sometimes conflicting ways. They will also discuss, among other readings, selections from the letters of Paul, who is widely considered the founder of the Christian Church. We will study the historical context of the New Testament writings and the ways in which they were shaped by social, cultural, and political events, and we will try to understand the meaning of the New Testament teachings and stories in the context of modern events.

HSS 400 U.S. HISTORY Open to V & VI This yearlong course provides a survey of American history from the pre-contact era through the modern world. Specific themes include political and economic factors that have influenced the major events in America’s past, the history of America’s expansion into world affairs and the role of women, African-, Native- and Hispanic-Americans in the development of the United States. More generally, this course seeks to give students broad exposure to the survey of American History, while teaching them to think from a variety of perspectives and connect historical patterns over time. Students complete nightly assigned reading from the main textbook “The Americans” (Littell) while supplementing their knowledge through primary and secondary sources. Additional assignments will consist of tests and quizzes on content, short writing assignments, in-class debates, research essays and collaborative projects. Significant attention is given to note-taking, research skills, historiography and critical analysis. Each student writes a final essay on a topic of their choosing which will highlight their mastery of the aforementioned skills.

TRS 411, 412 FAITH & DOUBT Open to IV, V, VI

Prerequisite: one semester of Bible Studies or World Religions

Spiritual memoirs are among the most engaging and thought-provoking forms of literature because they are personal stories that deal with enduring questions about human mortality, the meaning of life, and the existence of the Divine. Although the authors studied in this course come from different time periods and faith traditions, they share a desire to connect with a power greater than themselves. They write honestly about their struggles with doubt and failure, as well as hope and joy, in their paths toward a deeper relationship with the Divine. Authors may include Teresa of Avila, St. Augustine, N. Scott Momaday, Maxine Hong Kingston, Anne Lamott, Andrew Krivak, Immaculée Ilibagiza, Gretel Ehrlich, Simon Weil, and Karen Armstrong. Offered winter (412) and spring (413).

HSS 420/A U.S. HISTORY (A) Open to V & VI by invitation Like HSS400, Advanced U.S. History provides a survey of American history from the pre-contact era through the modern world. In contrast to HSS400, as an Advanced course HSS420 challenges students to take the extra steps necessary to read deeply, think critically, and write analytically along lines similar to what students will encounter in a college seminar. The course explores themes that include the political and economic factors that have influenced major events in America’s development, physical expansion, foreign policy and relationships, experiences in war, and issues of race, gender, ethnicity, language, culture and historiography – accounting for the historian’s point of view. Students will engage with primary sources, document-based questions, debate, analysis, and other essential preparations for the Advanced Placement exam in U.S, history.

TRS 421, 422 FREEDOM, DECISION & ETHICS Open to IV, V, VI

Prerequisite: one semester of Bible Studies or World Religions

An introduction to the study of ethics, this course identifies from the outset two dominant ways of approaching moral questions. The first asks, “What should we do in difficult situations?” The second, following a more ancient tradition, asks, “What kind of people should we be?” In this course, we engage the study of ethics from both perspectives as we examine various accounts of the nature and purpose of humanity (biblical, Greek, enlightenment and post-modern). The course also engages difficult contemporary moral issues and dilemmas including energy and the environment, economic and social inequality and the tensions of freedom and responsibility in the information age. Students become familiar with key terms used in ethical philosophy and learn though engagement with primary texts and biographical histories of moral courage. This course demands a great amount of critical reading and thinking and also aims to be an encouraging catalyst for living lives of service to the world.

ENG 450/A ENGLISH: AMERICAN STUDIES (A) Open to V & VI by invitation Students who enroll in English 450 also enroll in History 450/A: Advanced Placement United States History/American Studies, offered by the history department. A chronological survey of American literature and culture, the course will cover the full sweep of American literary/cultural history from the Puritans to the present. Readings will be designed to complement and enrich topics being covered in history. English and history teachers will collaborate in developing assignments, and the final assessment of the year will be completed for both classes. Texts will be chosen based on interdisciplinary interest and intrinsic literary merit. Students will learn how to be critical readers of texts both written and visual in order to be thoughtful analysts and consumers of American culture, ideology, and history. The reading pace will be brisk. There will be, on average, a test or essay once a week. On many days, students will be asked to offer a 10-minute analysis of a selected theme or quotation from the daily reading or a full-period essay on the topic under discussion. Works will include, fiction and poetry, as well as speeches, memoirs, and literary non-fiction by a range of authors including Arthur Miller, Henry David Thoreau, James Baldwin, and Ta-Nehisi Coates. Students will also be prepared to sit for the Advanced Placement English Language and Composition exam.

HSS 450/A HISTORY: AMERICAN STUDIES (A) Open to V & VI by invitation Students who enroll in History 450 also enroll in English 450/A: Advanced Placement United States History/American Studies, offered by the history department. A chronological survey of American history and culture, the course will cover the full sweep of American literary/cultural history from the Puritans to the present. Readings will be designed to complement and enrich topics being covered in English. English and history teachers will collaborate in developing assignments, and the final assessment of the year will be completed for both classes. Texts will be chosen based on interdisciplinary interest and intrinsic literary merit. Students will learn how to be critical readers of texts both written and visual in order to be thoughtful analysts and consumers of American culture, ideology, and history. The reading pace will be brisk. There will be, on average, a test or essay once a week. On many days, students will be asked to offer a 10-minute analysis of a selected theme or quotation from the daily reading or a full-period essay on the topic under discussion. Works will include, primary source documents from the Articles of Confederation through the Pentagon Papers, as well as key texts from John Locke, Adam Smith, Ida B. Wells, W.E.B. DuBois, Margaret Sanger and Martin Luther King, Jr. Students will also be prepared to sit for the Advanced Placement U.S. History exam.

TRS 511, 512 EVIL & JUSTICE Open to IV, V, VI

Prerequisite: one semester of Bible Studies or World Religions

Are humans innately good, or are we born with a propensity toward sin? Why does evil exist, and how should we respond when we encounter it? What does true justice look like, and what are the strengths and weaknesses of the criminal justice system in the United States? These are some of the questions that we will address in this course. We will begin by looking at scriptural and secular writings that reflect on the human capacity for violence and compassion. The rest of the semester will be dedicated to examining real-life examples of crime and punishment. We will read an account of the trial of the notorious Nazi, Adolph Eichmann; selections from a memoir by a death row lawyer; a book by a Jesuit priest who works with gang members; and a collection of essays by prominent contemporary writers on matters of race, equality, and justice.

ENG 520 MARITIME LITERATURE Open to VI A yearlong course for seniors that, within the context of maritime issues, literature and culture, draws on St. George’s unique setting and history through multi-staged, processed-based writing assignments that cultivate independence, critical thinking, collaboration and research. In addition to classic readings in the literature of the sea, texts are selected for their relevance to issues current in maritime studies. Such subjects may include: the meaning and consequences of adventure and discovery; climate change and weather patterns; the sea as a creator, connector and a divider of cultures; the sea as an agent of change; human interaction with the sea; and the sea as refuge. Readings will include fiction, creative nonfiction and long-form journalism — printed and digital. A portion of the course will focus on fieldwork as inspiration for student writing, drawing on St. George’s place in the Atlantic world. As a final project, each student will develop, research, refine, write and submit a final project on which they work for a significant portion of the final third of the year.

HSS 520 ECONOMICS Open to V & VI This yearlong course offers a primarily qualitative examination of the principles of micro and macroeconomics. After introducing fundamental economic concepts like opportunity cost, scarcity and choice, and the laws of supply and demand, the class focuses on practical applications of business principles such as: the costs of production; profit maximization; different models for business operation; and labor markets. Beginning in the second semester, students focus on macroeconomics. Primary emphasis is placed upon developing a basic understanding of aggregate demand and supply; monetary and fiscal policy; money and banking; unemployment; Gross Domestic Product; and the role of government. The course also focuses on developing skills applicable to careers in business and finance. Unlike its advanced counterpart, this class will not provide preparation for either AP Economics exam and will require only the most basic skills in algebra and geometry. Texts include Greg Mankiw's "Principles of Economics," The Wall Street Journal, and Charles Wheelan's "Naked Economics."

HSS 530 RACE RELATIONS Open to V & VI

Prerequisite: Enrollment in or completion of U.S. History

This course focuses on the historical framework that has helped create much of today’s racial discord in the country. After a brief refresher on the Reconstruction Era and the Plessy v. Ferguson case, we will move forward to discuss topics such as racial passing during the Gilded Age and the black migration during the World Wars. With that framework, students will then explore the Brown v. Board of Education decision of 1954 and how its legacy plays out in current racial segregation in American cities and neighborhoods. Other topics will include the widespread use of racial covenants in real estate, the geography of urban poverty and politics and how the war on drugs of the 1980s/1990s has impacted African Americans. The course will rely on primary and secondary source readings as well as films. Students will be expected to complete a short research paper on a topic of their choosing.

TRS 522 WOMEN & THE BIBLE Open to IV, V, VI

Prerequisite: one semester of Bible Studies or World Religions

This semester course will combine elements of historical research, feminist/womanist theology, and exegetical writing. Students will examine the depiction of named and unnamed women in the stories of the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament. Students will also consider the historical status of women in the ancient Near East and first-century Palestine, and will discuss various methods of interpreting scripture in light of that history. In the discussion of interpretative methods, students will read the work of groundbreaking feminist and womanist theologians including Phyllis Trible, Mary Daly, Rosemary Radford Reuther and Delores Williams. The course will culminate in a final exegetical papers as well as a presentation.

HSS 532 HISTORY OF MEDICINE Open to V & VI

Prerequisite: one semester of U.S. History

This course will be led as a college-level survey of the history and politics of medicine in post-Civil War America. The course will move through such topics as the othering of groups using disease during America’s forays into imperialism at the turn of the 20th century to grassroots health organization during the New Deal era to the political maneuvering of the HIV/AIDS crisis during the 1980s and 1990s. Students will learn more about the powers of the Supreme Court through close readings of monumental cases such as Roe v. Wade and National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius and will engage in the long standing political debates around the government’s role in health care in America.

ENG 540 PRIZE-WINNING LITERATURE Open to VI A yearlong course for seniors that, within the context of Booker, Pulitzer, and National Book Award winners in Li1erature emphasizes multi-staged, processed-based writing assignments that cultivate independence, critical thinking, collaboration, and research. Course readings will include novels awarded the Booker, Pulitzer, and National Book Award prizes and be accessible to college bound seniors. A portion of the readings will be' choice reading" and will require independent reading and research, as well as writing and oral presentation As a final project for the course, each student will de velop, research, refine, write, and submit a final project which they work for a significant portion of the final third of the year.

ENG 550 ADVENTURES IN LITERATURE Open to VI A yearlong course for seniors that, within the context of Detective Fiction, Boarding School Literature, and Literature in Sports emphasizes multi-staged, processed-based writing assignments that cultivate independence, critical thi nking, collaboration, and research. Course readings will include fiction and non-fiction Boarding School Literature, an examination of early mystery writers through the modern detective novel, and the best sports literature. A portion of the readings will be ' choice reading" and will require independent reading and research, as well as writing and oral presentation. As a final project for the course, each student will develop, research, refine, wri1e, and submit a final project which they work for a significant portion of the final third of the year.

ENG 610/A ENGLISH LITERATURE (A) Open to VI by invitation Exploring rich and challenging literary works can increase students’ skill and pleasure as readers. This college-level course requires participants to examine the ways that writers construct meaning in various genres (novel, drama, story, poetry). In discussion and in written analysis, students improve their ability to deploy the vocabulary and analytical tools that unlock theme, style, tone, imagery and other literary devices. Students requesting this course should be enthusiastic about reading poetry, and prepared to write frequently and participate energetically in discussion. They are also required to take the AP exam. Among longer works studied in recent years: Barker, “Regeneration;” Russo, “Straight Man;” McEwan, “Atonement;” Shakespeare, “Hamlet,” “King Lear;” Wilde, “The Importance of Being Earnest;” Stoppard, “Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead;” Austen, “Pride and Prejudice;” Bronte, “Jane Eyre;” Woolf, “Mrs. Dalloway;” Cunningham, “The Hours.”

HSS 610/A AMERICAN GOVERNMENT (A) Open to VI by invitation

Prerequisite: U.S. History

This course, a college-level introduction to American government and political science, prepares students for successful completion of the Advanced Placement American Government and Politics exam offered each May. Students develop an understanding of the history and workings of the American political system, including an in-depth examination of the institutions and policy processes of the U.S. Congress, the president, the bureaucracy and the federal courts. Likewise, elections, political parties, interest groups and civil liberties and civil rights issues are studied. Students examine the constitutional underpinnings and critical historical events that have helped to shape the American system of government in order to attain a better understanding of the current workings of the government. Students analyze primary source documents, including decisions from Supreme Court cases and acts of the legislature. Students prepare a significant research paper each semester. The basic text is Lineberry’s “Government in America.” Current events are studied through subscriptions to The Week. This course prepares students for the AP exam. However, students may choose an alternative research project in lieu of the AP exam.

HSS 620/A ECONOMICS (A) Open to VI by invitation This yearlong course offers a broad examination of the principles of microeconomic theory and macroeconomic analysis. After introducing basic economic history and concepts like opportunity cost, scarcity and choice, the course focuses on marginal utility analysis; the laws of supply and demand; the law of diminishing returns; the costs of production; profit maximization; the theories of the firm in perfect and imperfect competition; and factor markets. Beginning in the second semester, students focus on macroeconomics. Primary emphasis is placed upon developing an understanding of aggregate demand and supply; monetary and fiscal policy; money and banking; unemployment; Gross Domestic Product; the role of government; currency markets; international trade and current global issues. The course culminates in a substantial research paper that requires each student to use theory from the literature in the analysis of an issue or region of the world of the student’s own choice. Students will be prepared to take the Advanced Placement exams in micro and macroeconomics. The course also examines economics in the larger context of politics, history and public policy and focuses on developing skills applicable to careers in global development, corporate and business law and finance. Texts include Greg Mankiw’s “Principles of Economics,” The Wall Street Journal, and Wheelan’s “Naked Economics.”

LANGUAGE & CULTURE STUDIES FRE 100 FRENCH I Open to all forms We believe that students should study French as it is used in real-life situations and authentic cultural contexts. In this yearlong, introductory course, we use various media to give students a solid foundation in both the language and the culture of contemporary France and the broader Francophone world. A wide range of technology further enhances the classroom experience and provides additional language resources. Students create projects using video and slideshow presentations to enhance their cultural knowledge and build communication and presentation skills.

LAT 100 LATIN I Open to all forms This yearlong course is an introduction to the world of the ancient Roman people and to the Latin language. Students will learn both to see Latin as an important part of that world and to view that world through Latin. Emphasis will thus be on the elements of the language: alphabet and pronunciation, parts of speech, morphology (word-formation), vocabulary (including English derivatives), grammatical/syntactical rules, and strategies for reading and translation. Students will also begin to learn the geography of the ancient Roman world, an outline of Roman history, and important aspects of Roman public and private life.

SPA 100 SPANISH I Open to all forms Spanish I is an introductory, yearlong course offered to students with limited or no prior experience with the Spanish language. Spanish I is also designed for students who may benefit from a thorough review of the concepts they acquired during their middle school Spanish study. In this class, students learn vocabulary related to greetings, expressions of courtesy, academic life, family, pastimes, vacations and shopping. Grammar concepts introduced include regular and irregular verbs in the present tense, descriptive and possessive adjectives, the present progressive and the preterite tense. In Spanish I, students develop reading, writing and conversational skills through the use of texts, selected readings, workbooks and audiovisual materials. Students practice and demonstrate their language proficiency through individual and partner work, group discussions, journals, voice recordings, projects and formal presentations. Students are required to use the target language at all times in order to provide and partake in an immersion experience in the classroom.

CHI 200 CHINESE II Open to all forms

Prerequisite: Chinese I

Chinese II focuses on sentence structure and word order. Students will learn how to make compound and complex sentences to enhance their writing skills. The textbook Ni Hao is richly illustrated with intriguing classroom activities and intensive vocabulary drills. Students will learn everyday expressions regarding their daily life such as making a phone call, eating at a restaurant, and commenting on the weather to improve their conversational skills. They will further improve their reading and listening comprehension skills through class exercises and homework assignments. By the end of the school year, students should have a good grasp of the Chinese language and be capable of engaging in meaningful discussions in Chinese. Chinese II honors is also offered.

FRE 200 FRENCH II Open to all forms This yearlong course is a continuation of the program and materials presented in French I or its equivalent at the ACTFL Novice Mid/High level. French II further develops the students’ reading, writing and conversational skills at the Intermediate Low level. After a review of the material from the Novice level, the class introduces students to more complex sentence structures as well as the use of the past and future tenses, various pronouns and prepositions. The new vocabulary presented relates to traveling, daily routines, food, health and technology. Communication is a critical component of the French II classroom. Students are required to use French at all times in order to communicate with each other as well as with the teacher in an effort to provide an immersive experience in the classroom. Since this is a proficiency-based class, daily communicative goals will be provided to the students to help them build their language skills toward the targeted level for the course, Intermediate Low, not only through vocabulary and structures, but also through an exploration of the history and cultures of the French-speaking world. French II Honors is also offered.

LAT 200 LATIN II Open to all forms

Prerequisite: Latin I

This yearlong course not only continues and completes the introduction to the world of ancient Rome and the Latin language, but also introduces the students to more challenging, authentic Latin texts. Students will thoroughly review elements learned in Latin I before proceeding to new concepts. By the end of this course, students will have a strong working vocabulary and a firm foundation of the basics of Latin grammar. In the second term, students will use the textbook Legamus: A Transitional Caesar Reader to study Julius Caesar’s Commentarii de Bello Gallico. Latin II Honors is also offered.

SPA 200 SPANISH II Open to all forms

Prerequisite: Spanish I

This yearlong course is a continuation of the program and materials presented in Spanish I or its equivalent. It continues to build on the established foundation as it further develops the students’ reading, writing and conversational skills. The class not only reviews the material from Spanish I but also introduces students to more complex sentence structures as well as the use of commands, the preterite, the future, and the present subjunctive tenses. The new vocabulary presented relates to cultural events, celebrations, daily routines, shopping, food, technology, the home, etc. As in Spanish I, communication is a critical component of the Spanish II classroom. Students are required to use Spanish at all times in order to communicate with each other as well as with the teacher in an effort to provide an immersion experience in the classroom. In addition to our study of grammar and vocabulary, we will also explore various cultures and the history of the Spanish-speaking world through selected readings, films and online research. Spanish II Honors is also offered.

CHI 220/H CHINESE II (H) Open to all forms by invitation

Prerequisite: Chinese I

Designed for students who are particularly motivated to build command of the language and are willing to devote additional time and effort to their Chinese studies. Chinese II (H) focuses on the sentence structure and word order. Students will learn how to make compound and complex sentences to enhance their writing skills. The textbook “Ni Hao” is richly illustrated with intriguing classroom activities and intensive vocabulary drills. Students will learn everyday expressions regarding their daily life such as making a phone call, eating at a restaurant, and commenting on the weather. They will further improve their reading and listening comprehension skills through class exercises and homework assignments. In order to put their learning into practice, students are encouraged to read Chinese short stories and initiate conversations with Chinese speakers. By the end of the school year, students should find themselves well prepared to write short essays, read short articles, and engage in meaningful discussions in Chinese.

FRE 220/H FRENCH II (H) Open to III & IV by invitation

Prerequisite: French I

This yearlong course is a continuation of the program and materials presented in French I or its equivalent at the ACTFL Novice Mid/High level. French II further develops the students’ reading, writing and conversational skills at the Intermediate Low level. After a review of the material from the Novice level, the class introduces students to more complex sentence structures as well as the use of the past and future tenses, various pronouns and prepositions. The new vocabulary presented relates to traveling, daily routines, food, health and technology. Communication is a critical component of the French II classroom. Students are required to use French at all times in order to communicate with each other as well as with the teacher in an effort to provide an immersive experience in the classroom. Since this is a proficiency-based class, daily communicative goals will be provided to the students to help them build their language skills toward the targeted level for the course, Intermediate Low, not only through vocabulary and structures, but also through an exploration of the history and cultures of the French-speaking world. The Honors section is designed for students who are particularly motivated to gain a command of the language, and are willing to devote additional time and effort on a regular basis. It will have more in-depth homework assignments and more rigorous grading for writing and speaking tasks. Although the material covered will be the same, Honors students will be required to master material that is only optional for regular students.

LAT 220/H LATIN II (H) Open to all forms by invitation

Prerequisite: Latin I

Latin II Honors is a yearlong course designed for motivated students who have a genuine interest in Latin, a strong record of achievement in the discipline, and a willingness to devote the additional time and effort required of this course. Students in this class tackle the same material as that of Latin II but at an accelerated pace and with increased depth. Students will thoroughly review elements learned in Latin I before proceeding to new concepts. By the end of this course, students will have a strong working vocabulary and a firm foundation of the basics of Latin grammar. In the second term, students will use the textbook Legamus: A Transitional Caesar Reader to study Julius Caesar’s Commentarii de Bello Gallico.

SPA 220/H SPANISH II (H) Open to all forms by invitation

Prerequisite: Spanish I

This yearlong course continues to build on the foundation of Spanish I, introducing students to more complex sentence structures as well as the use of commands, the future, and the present subjunctive tenses. Designed for students who are particularly motivated to build command of the language and are willing to devote additional time and effort on a regular basis, Spanish II Honors requires communication as a critical component of the classroom and will cover grammar and vocabulary at a deeper level than Spanish II. Students are required to use Spanish at all times in order to communicate with each other as well as with the teacher in an effort to provide an immersion experience in the classroom. In addition to our study of grammar and vocabulary, we will also explore various cultures and the history of the Spanish-speaking world through selected readings, films and online research.

CHI 300 CHINESE III Open to IV, V & VI

Prerequisite: Chinese II

In this yearlong course, students will continue working on their listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. The textbook Ni Hao is also used at this level. It depicts a typical high school student’s life, and the topics covered include: discussing coursework with a friend, seeing a doctor in a hospital, throwing a birthday party, and making travel plans. Students’ vocabulary will be significantly expanded after this school year, thus encouraging them to do some extracurricular readings. The emphasis of Chinese III is sentence structure and the use of idiomatic phrases. Conversing in Chinese is highly recommended both in and out of class, and Chinese culture and traditions will be selectively introduced in the course. By the end of the school year, students should be able to achieve a higher language proficiency level. They should be able to demonstrate a good understanding of Chinese language and culture and feel confident when engaging in casual, but meaningful, conversations in Chinese. Chinese III Honors is also offered.

FRE 300 FRENCH III Open to all forms

Prerequisite: French II or II (H)

The goals of this yearlong course are to complete the formal study of grammar and to introduce students to serious French literature. Le Petit Prince and a variety of short stories are studied, both as a means of enhancing language skills and building analytical skills. Classes are conducted entirely in French. Through the use of online resources and ﬁlms, we examine aspects of modern France and Francophone culture. Students are asked to do presentations on French ﬁgures, events and places. French III Honors is also offered.

LAT 300 LATIN III Open to IV, V & VI

Prerequisite: Latin II or II (H)

In this yearlong course students make their first leap to connected reading in authentic Latin. A solid knowledge of subordinate sentence structures, the architecture of a complex Latin sentence, and skills for dealing with variable Latin word order are essential for this year and as preparation for next year. The year will begin with a thorough review of forms, syntax, and vocabulary. Following that review, students will read extended passages of unedited Latin texts from a variety of poets, including Virgil, Catullus, Horace and Ovid. In addition to reading these texts, students will learn how to explicate Latin poetry and hone their analytic writing skills. Latin III Honors is also offered.

SPA 300 SPANISH III This yearlong course is the continuation of the program and materials presented in Spanish II or its equivalent. In this course, students build on their grammar foundation as they practice the use of previously acquired structures and learn advanced concepts such as the imperfect subjunctive, reciprocal pronouns, the perfects and “if” clauses. Students are required to participate actively and use Spanish at all times in order to provide and partake in an immersion experience in the classroom. To develop and build upon their cultural awareness of the different Spanish speaking countries, students in Spanish III will study short stories, poems, popular music and short films by Spanish and Latin American artists. Students will also read the news, study recipes and learn about contemporary Hispanic and Latinx cultures. Spanish III Honors and Spanish III Conversation (with an emphasis on oral communication) are also offered.

CHI 320/H CHINESE III (H) Open to IV, V & VI by invitation

Prerequisite: Chinese II or II (H)

In this yearlong course, students will continue working on their listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. The textbook Ni Hao is richly illustrated with intriguing classroom activities and intensive vocabulary drills. It depicts a typical high school student’s life, and the topics covered include: discussing coursework with a friend, seeing a doctor in a hospital, throwing a birthday party, and making travel plans. Students’ vocabulary will be significantly expanded after this school year, thus encouraging them to do some extracurricular readings. The emphasis of Chinese III Honors is sentence structure and the proper use of idiomatic phrases. Conversing in Chinese is highly recommended both in and out of the classroom, and Chinese culture and traditions will be selectively introduced to the course. By the end of the school year, students should be able to achieve a higher language proficiency level. They should be able to read short articles, write short stories, and feel confident when engaging in casual, but meaningful, conversations.

FRE 320/H FRENCH III (H) Open to all forms by invitation

Prerequisite: French II or II (H)

As in French III, the goals of this yearlong course are to complete the formal study of grammar and to introduce students to serious French literature. Le Petit Prince and a variety of short stories are studied, both as a means of enhancing language skills and building analytical skills. Designed for students who are particularly motivated to build command of the language and are willing to devote additional time and effort on a regular basis, French III Honors requires communication as a critical component of the classroom and will cover grammar and vocabulary at a deeper level than French III. Classes are conducted entirely in French. Through the use of online resources and ﬁlms, we examine aspects of modern France and Francophone culture. Students are asked to do presentations on French ﬁgures, events and/or places.

LAT 320/H LATIN III (H) Open to IV, V & VI by invitation

Prerequisite: Latin II or II (H)

This yearlong course is designed for motivated students who have a genuine interest in Latin, a strong record of achievement in the discipline, and a willingness to devote the additional time and effort required of this course. Students in this class tackle the same material as that of in Latin III but at an accelerated pace and with increased depth. In this course students make their first leap to connected reading in authentic Latin. A solid knowledge of subordinate sentence structures, the architecture of a complex Latin sentence, and skills for dealing with variable Latin word order are essential for this year and as preparation for next year. The year will begin with a thorough review of forms, syntax, and vocabulary. Following that review, students will read extended passages of unedited Latin texts from a variety of poets, including Virgil, Catullus, Horace and Ovid. In addition to reading these texts, students will learn how to explicate Latin poetry and hone their analytic writing skills.

SPA 320/H SPANISH III (H) Open to all forms by invitation

Prerequisite: Spanish II or II (H)

This yearlong course continues to build on the foundation of Spanish II Honors, as students learn advanced grammatical concepts such as adjectival clauses in the subjunctive, the imperfect subjunctive, and the conditional tense. Designed for students who are particularly motivated to build command of the language and are willing to devote additional time and effort on a regular basis, Spanish III Honors requires active participation and use of Spanish at all times for an immersion experience in the classroom. The Honors section will cover grammar and vocabulary at a deeper level than Spanish III. To develop and build upon their cultural awareness of the different Spanish speaking countries, students in Spanish III Honors will study short stories, poems, and films from Spanish and Latin American authors and filmmakers and engage in several research projects.

SPA 400 SPANISH IV Open to IV, V, & VI

Prerequisite: Spanish III or III (H)

This yearlong course takes a communicative approach to teaching intermediate Spanish students. We review and expand upon grammar concepts previously studied while focusing more on application of those skills to listening, speaking, reading and writing. We will also continue to expand and reinforce each student’s vocabulary. Daily discussion topics, role-plays, presentations and interviews provide students with opportunities to express their opinions and to synthesize both grammar and vocabulary. Students will write responses to and summaries of audio, video and readings as well as compositions relating to topics studied in the text. The use of films by Hispanic and Latinx filmmakers strengthens students’ listening comprehension skills, expands students’ cultural knowledge and provides the opportunity to make comparisons and connections between cultures as well as a platform for analysis and discussion. Students’ cultural competence and communicative skills are also strengthened through the study of art, literature, current events, country profiles and cultural readings. Students are required to participate actively using the target language at all times in order to provide and partake in an immersion experience in the classroom. The goal of this course is for students to feel confident in their use of the Spanish language and to spark an interest in further study at or beyond St. George’s. Spanish IV Honors is also offered.

LAT 400 LATIN IV Open to IV, V & VI by invitation

Prerequisite: Latin III or III (H)

This yearlong course will continue students' experience in reading original Latin prose and poetry, including scansion and figures of speech. Students in this course should have a good understanding of the architecture of a complex Latin sentence. The year will begin with a thorough review of forms, syntax, and vocabulary. Following that review, students will read selections from Ovid’s Metamorphoses, including the famous myths of Apollo & Daphne, Daedalus & Icarus, and Pygmalion. In the second half of the course, students will read from a selection of Cicero’s orations. The year will conclude with a significant independent research project which will require the student to investigate a topic or figure of their own choosing based on the student’s particular interests.

LAT 400/A LATIN (A) Open to IV, V & VI by invitation

Prerequisite: Latin III (H)

What causes wars? How does a leader inspire? Is vengeance ever just? These and other seminal questions form the core of this fastpaced, challenging course. Students begin their study with Vergil’s Aeneid, an epic poem of refugees and survivor guilt, deception and the madness of love, capricious if not malevolent gods, and even a journey to Hell. The course then shifts Caesar’s Commentarii De Bello Gallico to focus on historical prose and issues of war and peace, the cost of empire and the demands of leadership. Throughout this advanced course, students enhance their fluency in Latin, their sight-reading skills, and their ability to analyze a Latin text. They also become acquainted with the mythological, legendary and historical figures of Rome’s history and discuss the troubling yet timeless questions raised by Rome’s rise to power. Students who take this course will be prepared to take the national AP Latin exam in May.

CHI 401-2 CHINESE IV-1 Open to IV, V & VI

Prerequisite: Chinese III or III (H)

Students enrolled in the first semester of Chinese IV-1 will gain greater fluency in the language through the continued honing of reading, writing, speaking, and listening skills. They will further develop their reading skills through an intensive study of authentic reading materials such as magazines and newspapers, and they will enhance their speaking skills through discussions, presentations, and conversations with native speakers. Additionally, they will practice their writing skills through writing short essays and journal entries, and they will sharpen their listening skills by watching Chinese movies and documentaries. Students should be able to pursue Chinese studies independently with confidence and ease at the end of this course. Chinese IV Honors is also offered. Note: Students who aspire to complete the Advanced Level must commit to 401 & 402 (spring) as a yearlong course.

CHI 402 CHINESE IV-2 Open to IV, V & VI

Prerequisites: Chinese IV-1

Students enrolled in the second semester of Chinese IV will continue to gain greater fluency in the language through the continued honing of reading, writing, speaking, and listening skills. They will further develop their reading skills through an intensive study of authentic reading materials such as magazines and newspapers, and they will enhance their speaking skills through discussions, presentations, and conversations with native speakers. Additionally, they will practice their writing skills through writing short essays and journal entries, and they will sharpen their listening skills by watching Chinese movies and documentaries. Students should be able to pursue Chinese studies independently with confidence and ease at the end of this course. A second semester of Chinese IV Honors is also offered. Note: Students who aspire to complete the Advanced Level must commit to 401 & 402 (spring) as a yearlong course.

FRE 401 FRENCH IV-1 Open to IV, V & VI

Prerequisite: French III or III (H)

This course takes a communicative approach to teaching students at the ACTFL Intermediate High level. The French IV class reviews and expands upon the themes and structures previously studied, while focusing more on application of those skills to listening, speaking, reading and writing. Daily discussion topics, role-plays, presentations and interviews provide students with opportunities to express their opinions and to integrate the vocabulary and structures they have learnt. Like in previous French classes, students are required to use French at all times in order to communicate with each other as well as with the teacher in an effort to provide an immersive experience in the classroom. Cultural competence and communicative skills are also strengthened through the study of art, literature, current events, social justice issues, country profiles and cultural readings. They are also developed through exposure to a rich selection of ﬁction, drama and poetry, both classical and contemporary. Materials include the textbook Face-à-Face, novels Le Petit Nicolas and Oscar et la Dame Rose, as well as authentic short movies and music videos. Honors French IV is also offered. Note: French students who aspire to the Advanced level must complete both semesters of this course (401 & 402).

FRE 402 FRENCH IV-2 Open to IV, V & VI

Prerequisites: French IV-1

SPA 420/H SPANISH IV (H) Open to IV, V, & VI by invitation

Prerequisite: Spanish III or III (H)

The goal of Spanish IV Honors is for students to leave the course well prepared for further study of Spanish at the Advanced and/or college level. Like Spanish IV, this yearlong course takes a communicative approach to teaching intermediate Spanish students. We continue to expand and reinforce each student’s vocabulary. Daily discussion topics, role-plays, presentations and interviews provide students with opportunities to express their opinions and to synthesize both grammar and vocabulary. Students will write responses to and summaries of audio, video, readings and film as well as compositions relating to topics studied in the text. Designed for students who are particularly motivated to build command of the language and are willing to devote additional time and effort on a regular basis, Spanish IV Honors requires active participation and use of Spanish at all times for an immersion experience in the classroom. The Honors section will cover grammar and vocabulary at a deeper level than Spanish IV. The use of films by Hispanic and Latinx filmmakers strengthens students’ listening comprehension skills, expands students’ cultural knowledge and provides the opportunity to make comparisons and connections between cultures as well as a platform for analysis and discussion. Students’ cultural competence and communicative skills are also strengthened through the study of art, literature, current events, country profiles and cultural readings.

CHI 421/H CHINESE IV (H)-1 Open to IV, V & VI by invitation

Prerequisite: Chinese III or III (H)

Designed for students who are particularly motivated to build command of the language and are willing to devote additional time and effort on a regular basis, Chinese IV Honors builds upon the foundation laid in Chinese III Honors at a faster and deeper pace than Chinese IV. In addition to accumulating vocabulary, perfecting pronunciation and working with grammar at a deeper level than Chinese IV, students read Chinese newspapers and magazines and write stories and essays to further advance ﬂuency and competence. Student interest also dictates materials used and direction of the speciﬁc class discussions. Opportunity for individual research in the Chinese language is provided. Note: Students who aspire to complete the Advanced Level must commit to 421-H & 422-H (spring) as a yearlong course.

CHI 422/H CHINESE IV (H)-2 Open to IV, V & VI by invitation

Prerequisites: Chinese IV (H) -1

Designed for students who are particularly motivated to build command of the language, and are willing to devote additional time and effort on a regular basis, Chinese IV Honors builds upon the foundation laid in Chinese III Honors at a faster and deeper pace than Chinese IV. In addition to accumulating vocabulary, perfecting pronunciation and working with grammar at a deeper level than Chinese IV, students read Chinese newspapers and magazines and write stories and essays to further advance ﬂuency and competence. Student interest also dictates materials used and direction of the speciﬁc class discussions. Opportunity for individual research in the Chinese language is provided. Note: Students who aspire to complete the Advanced Level must commit to 421-H & 422-H (spring) as a yearlong course.

FRE 421/H FRENCH IV-1 (H) Open to IV, V & VI by invitation

Prerequisite: French III or III (H)

This course takes a communicative approach to teaching students at the ACTFL Intermediate High level. The French IV Honors class reviews and expands upon the themes and structures previously studied, while focusing more on application of those skills to listening, speaking, reading and writing. Cultural competence and communicative skills are also strengthened through the study of art, literature, current events, social justice issues, country profiles and cultural readings. They are also developed through exposure to a rich selection of ﬁction, drama and poetry, both classical and contemporary. Materials include the textbook Face-à-Face, novels Le Petit Nicolas and Oscar et la Dame Rose, as well as authentic short movies and music videos. The goal of the French IV Honors is for students to leave the course well prepared for further study of French at the Advanced and/or college level. The Honors section is designed for students who are particularly motivated to gain a command of the language and are willing to devote additional time and effort on a regular basis. It will cover structures and vocabulary at a deeper level, have more in-depth homework assignments and a more rigorous grading for writing and speaking tasks. Although the material covered will be the same, Honors students will be required to master material that is only optional for regular students. Note: French students who aspire to the Advanced level must complete both semesters of this course (421 & 422).

FRE 422/H FRENCH IV-2 (H) Open to IV, V & VI by invitation

Prerequisite: French IV-1 (H)

LAT 521/H LATIN V (H) Open to V & VI

Prerequisites: Latin IV, Latin IV (A) by invitation, may be taken apart or consecutively

Latin V Honors is a literature class that offers an in-depth study of Latin poetry and prose. Students will not only establish advanced proficiency in reading skills, but also will learn to move beyond mere translation to develop their own understanding, on firm textual evidence, about what they read. This course will include a continuous review of Latin word-formation, syntax, vocabulary, rhetorical devices, and scansion. Students will encounter a variety of Latin authors; the texts will vary each year based on student interest. Students may take either or both semesters of this course.

LAT 522/H LATIN V (H) Open to V & VI

Prerequisites: Latin IV, Latin IV (A), or Latin V (H)-1 by invitation, may be taken apart or consecutively

SPA 501, 502 SPANISH V-1, 2 Open to V & VI

Prerequisites: Spanish IV, IV (H), or III (H); may be taken apart or consecutively

Spanish V is an intermediate course offered to students in their final year of Spanish study at St. George’s and to students who would benefit from further practice prior to enrolling in an advanced course. In this class, students review previously acquired language structures as they discuss the geography, history, culture, art, and current events of the countries in the Spanish-speaking world. Other topics of study include the Hispanic and Latinx identities, immigration, biculturalism and the diversity among the customs and beliefs of the peoples of Hispanic and Latinx descent. In Spanish V, students develop reading and writing proficiency through the use of texts and authentic materials. They refine their conversational skills through interviews and interactions with native Spanish speakers, as well as through continuous participation in discussions, debates, research projects, and formal presentations. Students are required to participate actively using the target language at all times in order to provide and partake in an immersion experience in the classroom. Students may take either or both semesters. Note: Spanish students who aspire to the Advanced level must complete at both semesters of this course (501 & 502).

CHI 510/A CHINESE LANGUAGE (A) Prerequisites: Chinese IV (H), or IV by invitation The yearlong Advanced Chinese Language and Culture course is designed for qualified students who are interested in completing Chinese studies comparable and equivalent in content to fourth-semester college/university courses in Mandarin Chinese. The goal of this course is to further develop students’ proficiency in the target language and to enhance their understanding of the Chinese culture through discussions of topics reflecting multiple areas of Chinese society and culture and the use of various authentic multimedia and literary materials in different linguistic registers. While the course engages students in an exploration of both historical and contemporary Chinese culture, it also prepares students to demonstrate on the AP Chinese Language and Culture exam their level of Chinese proficiency across the three communicative modes: interpersonal, interpretive and presentational. This course is conducted entirely in Chinese. For students who wish to take the Advanced Placement Chinese Language and Culture exam in May, supplementary materials will be recommended by the teacher.

FRE 510/A FRENCH LANGUAGE (A) Open to IV, V & IV by invitation

Prerequisite: French IV (H), or III (H) by invitation

This yearlong college-level course at the ACTFL Advanced Low sublevel takes a holistic approach to language proficiency and recognizes the complex interrelatedness of comprehension and comprehensibility, vocabulary usage, language control, communication strategies, and cultural awareness. The Advanced French course engages students in an exploration of culture in both contemporary and historical contexts. It develops students’ awareness and appreciation of products, both tangible (e.g., tools, books, music) and intangible (e.g., laws, conventions, institutions); practices (patterns of social interactions within a culture); and perspectives (values, attitudes, and assumptions that underlie both practices and products) in the Francophone world. The class is taught exclusively in French, and the students in this class are expected to demonstrate a high level of proficiency in French. Advanced French students will have the opportunity to interact weekly with college-level students from the Université de Rennes 2 in Brittany, France. Materials include the textbook Thèmes, graphic novels such as “L’Arabe du Futur or Poulet aux Prunes” and extensive resources from the Internet -- from newspapers and newscasts to videos and articles from various French-speaking countries -- to help students further hone their communicative skills. For students who wish to take the Advanced Placement French Language and Culture exam in May, supplementary materials will be recommended by the teacher.

SPA 510/A SPANISH LANGUAGE (A) Open to V & VI by invitation

Prerequisite: Spanish IV (H) or III (H) by invitation

This yearlong college-level course is designed to improve students’ listening, speaking, reading and writing skills as well as their cultural competence. In addition to a comprehensive review of the grammar studied in previous courses, students will read short works by a variety of literary masters, including but not limited to Cortázar, Borges, García Lorca, and Guillén. Furthermore, presentations on current events in Latin America and Spain promote cultural understanding and serve as subject matter for both discussion and essay writing. Authentic recorded materials and ﬁlms are used to complement this course, so as to further develop listening comprehension. Students will also record their own short presentations and write comparative essays as well as shorter written pieces, with a focus on both formal and informal communication. Candidates for this class are expected to demonstrate a high level of proficiency in the language, as well as a general knowledge of the history, literature, customs and values of the Hispanic world and Latinx communities. For students who wish to take the Advanced Placement Spanish Language and Culture exam in May, supplementary materials will be recommended by the teacher. This class is taught exclusively in Spanish.

FRE 611/A, 612/A FRENCH LANGUAGE (A)-1, 2 Open to IV, V & VI by invitation

Prerequisite: French V(A) by invitation, may be taken apart or consecutively

French VI Advanced consists of two college-level semester courses that broaden students’ knowledge of Francophone Culture(s). Students will travel through history and investigate major dates, time periods and events that have shaped the Francophone World such as the French Revolution, World War I and II and colonialism. Each student will also be exposed to different pieces of French Literature such as poems, essays, maxims, and plays as well as videos and movies; then they will be asked to analyze/interpret each document, based on the historical context. Each and every class will be conducted exclusively in French. Students will actively participate in discussions, create presentations and write essays. The goal of this course is to develop oral, written and analytical skills, while at the same time acquiring a better understanding of the Francophone World and its history. Students may take either or both semesters.

SPA 610/A SPANISH LITERATURE (A) Open to V & VI by invitation

Prerequisite: Spanish V or by invitation

This yearlong course is designed for advanced students who have successfully completed Spanish 510/A Advanced Language and Culture or who have been recommended by the teachers of the Spanish department. Our purpose is to instill a passion and love for the literature and culture of Spain and Latin America in our students and to help them communicate with fluidity and composure while analyzing the historical readings, literature and art studied in class. Students will learn research techniques and will write formal essays and research papers in Spanish. The reading list consists of many of the works selected by the College Board for the AP Spanish Literature and Culture exam. For students who wish to take the Advanced Placement Spanish Literature and Culture exam in May, supplementary materials will be recommended by the teacher. We also continue to develop the students’ grammar and vocabulary skills as they are necessary for verbal and written communication and literary analysis. The class is taught exclusively in Spanish.

SPA 621/H, 622/H SPANISH VI (H)-1,2 Open to VI by invitation

Prerequisite: Spanish V-1,2, or 3, or 510/A or 601/A; may be taken apart or consecutively

The main goal of this course is to promote a global understanding of the social, cultural and historical aspects of the Spanish– speaking world as students continue to develop their reading, writing and conversational skills. The course will be divided into distinct units that include the study of history and culture of a variety of regions in the Spanish-speaking world. Overarching course themes may include ancient civilizations, colonialism, independence and dictatorships, racism, immigration, women’s and indigenous rights, and other contemporary issues. Course materials include articles, short stories, poetry, plays, podcasts, and films. The class is taught exclusively in Spanish. Students may take either or both semesters.

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING & MATH MTH 110 ALGEBRA I Open to III This yearlong course in algebra is designed to enhance the student’s understanding of the properties and operations associated with real numbers. The course content includes the study of the real number system, linear functions and their graphs, solving linear systems and inequalities, quadratic functions, exponents, radicals, polynomial functions, factoring, and applied problem solving. Students are required to have a College Board-approved graphing calculator. If they receive the approval of the Mathematics Department, students who take Algebra I in the third form may take both Geometry and Algebra II in their fourth-form year.

BIO 210 BIOLOGY Open to III & IV Students explore the complexities of the living world and the relationships among major topics in modern biology, including the chemistry of life, cell structure and function, energy ﬂow in nature, principles of inheritance, modern DNA technology, evolution and taxonomy, human anatomy and physiology, plant and animal interactions and the dynamics of ecosystems. A variety of modern laboratory studies are presented, including the differentiation and analysis of bacteria cultures, the testing of ionizing radiation and acid rain on plant growth, gel electrophoresis of viral DNA digests, the comparative anatomy of selected vertebrates and population studies in local environments.

MTH 210 GEOMETRY Open to III & IV

Prerequisite: Algebra I

This yearlong course in Euclidean Geometry investigates the definitions, postulates and theorems of two and three dimensional figures. During the fall, study will focus on the building blocks of geometry; the various shapes and their properties, angles, parallel lines, as well as using geometric software to investigate patterns and make conjectures. Writing mathematical proofs will also be introduced. The winter will include advanced study of polygons, circles and area formulas. The spring includes the study of solid geometry, similarity and an introduction to trigonometry. The concepts of logical reasoning, problem solving skills, as well as organizational skills will be stressed throughout the year.

BIO 220/H BIOLOGY (H) Open to III & IV by invitation Honors biology is a survey course in which students explore the living world at many levels (molecular, cellular, organismal and ecological.) The course is structured around the theme of evolution beginning with the pre-biotic planet Earth and culminating with our modern biosphere. Topics include: cells, biochemistry, energetics, reproduction and inheritance, evolution, anatomy and physiology of plants and animals and ecology. The pace of the course is rigorous and students are expected to have strong independent study skills. In lieu of a textbook, students make use of online resources.

MTH 220/H GEOMETRY (H) Open to III & IV by invitation

Prerequisite: Algebra I

This yearlong honors course includes all of the elements of MTH 210, but has a limited number of seats available, requires more and deeper preparation by students and advances through topics at a faster pace. Students who wish to enroll in the honors section should express that desire on their Course Planning Worksheets, and indicate Math 210 as an alternate. Students are enrolled based on a stated request, demonstrated motivation to tackle the course’s increased demands, achievement in other mathematics courses and standardized test scores where applicable.

CHM 300 PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY Open to IV & V How is what we experience influenced by things that are too small to be seen even by microscopes? Students in this course explore the links between the submicroscopic and macroscopic levels in order to gain a better understanding of how the world around them works. In doing so, a variety of topics are covered, including atomic structure, properties of compounds, states of matter, mixtures, and chemical reactions. Principles of Chemistry differs from CHM 310 in that a lesser emphasis is placed on the mathematical aspects of chemistry.

MTH 300 INTRO ALGEBRA II Open to IV & V by invitation

Prerequisite: Geometry

This full-year course builds on key components of Algebra I and Geometry by presenting the fundamental concepts necessary to preparation for Precalculus. Students review the real number system, linear functions and their graphs, quadratics, exponents and polynomial functions, factoring and applied problem solving. Students will also encounter new material in the graphing of polynomial functions; exponential and logarithmic functions, and the complex number system. Use of College Board-approved graphing calculators is required. Students will be enrolled based on a stated request and achievement in other mathematics courses.

CHM 310 CHEMISTRY IV & V

Pre- or co-requisite: Algebra II

The study of chemistry provides us with the opportunity to explore the stuff of which the universe is made and the manner in which it interacts to make up the world as we know it. Students in this course review the history of experimental science that has led to our current understanding of matter and energy. They gain experience in methods of measurement, laboratory techniques, analytical methods and observation of chemical change. Both qualitative and quantitative skills are developed through problem solving, analysis of laboratory data and research. Whether isolating pure substances through distillation, determining molecular mass by measuring freezing-point depression, comparing rates of molecular diffusion or noting the shifting in equilibria under different conditions, emphasis is on how humans can observe, measure and come to understand the atomic and molecular basis of all that surrounds us.

MTH 310 ALGEBRA II Open to III, IV & V

Prerequisite: Geometry

In this second-year algebra course, students review and expand the study of real numbers begun in Algebra I. Students learn how to solve polynomial equations of increasing complexity and to apply their solutions to “real world” situations. New topics explored in Algebra II include graphing polynomial functions, exponential, logarithmic, and rational functions and the complex number system. Students enhance their understanding of the important features of College Board-approved graphing calculators.

Mth 320/H Honors Algebra II Open to III, IV & V by invitation

Prerequisite: Geometry

This yearlong honors course includes all of the elements of Math 310, but has a limited number of seats available, requires more and deeper preparation by students and advances through topics at a faster pace. An honors section of Algebra II is offered to advanced students which covers conic sections, counting principles and probability and sequences and series as time permits. Students who wish to enroll in the honors section should express that desire on their Course Planning Worksheets, and indicate MTH 310 as an alternate. Students are enrolled based on a stated request, demonstrated motivation to tackle the course’s increased demands, achievement in other mathematics courses and standardized test scores where applicable.

CHM 320/H CHEMISTRY (H) Open to IV & V by invitation

Prerequisite: Algebra II

The study of chemistry allows students to better understand how the world around them works by exploring the links between the sub-microscopic world and processes occurring on the human scale. Students taking honors chemistry at St. George’s School receive a rigorous practical and theoretical background in the fundamentals of this subject. Key topics include atomic and electronic structure, states of matter, chemical reactions, stoichiometry, reaction kinetics, equilibrium, acids and bases, and electrochemistry. Learning within the classroom is supplemented by work in the laboratory, a customized online textbook, and other web-based resources. Honors Chemistry differs from CHM 310 in that it places a larger emphasis on the quantitative aspects of the subject and covers many topics in greater depth.

SCI 331,332 MARINE SCIENCE Open to IV, V & VI (for Geronimo crews) This semester course is taught on board Geronimo during the school year. It is largely experiential and unique to each voyage track incorporating elements of navigation and seamanship, marine ecology and oceanography. The core of the Geronimo experience is building the seamanship and navigation skills to serve as crew on an ocean-going sailing vessel, while learning lessons in leadership and collaboration. Topics are introduced in a class setting, and then skills are executed and built while on watch. In navigation, we will start with a foundation of basic coastal piloting and progress to celestial navigation, giving students a strong foundation in traditional navigation. Part of the course will closely relate to our geographic location and include components of ecology, marine biology, oceanography and meteorology. Sailing on board Geronimo will afford you a unique perspective for comparing different marine ecosystems. We will employ hands-on explorations of ecosystems, from estuaries and pelagic plankton communities to tropical coral reefs, whenever possible. Geronimo’s long-standing research project, a sea turtle population study in cooperation with the University of Florida, will also be a component of this course. This course is also designed to help you gain a better understanding of our interconnectedness with the marine environment and to develop an appreciation for the role of the ocean on a global scale.

MTH 400 INTRO PRECALCULUS Open to V & VI

Prerequisite: Algebra II

This course unifies topics previously studied in algebra and geometry and provides the foundation needed to support future coursework in calculus, discrete mathematics and statistics. During the fall, students will study trigonometric functions, their graphs, inverses and applications. The winter term will synthesize trigonometric functions with a review of linear, quadratic, polynomial, rational, exponential and logarithmic functions through the application of regression analysis. The spring will be devoted to the study of some advanced topics in precalculus. College Board- approved graphing calculators are required for this course. Students interested in taking MTH 400 should indicate this on their Course Planning Worksheets and list MTH 410 as an alternate. Students will be enrolled based on a stated request and achievement in other mathematics courses. Completion of MTH 400, 410 or 420 satisfies the requirement for graduation from St. George’s School.

MTH 410 PRECALCULUS Open to V & VI

Prerequisites: Algebra II or Algebra II (H)

Like Math 400, this course unifies topics previously studied in algebra and geometry and provides the foundation needed to support future coursework in calculus, discrete mathematics and statistics, but does so at a faster pace. During the fall, students will review linear, quadratic, polynomial, rational, exponential and logarithmic functions through the application of regression analysis. During the winter, students will study trigonometric functions, their graphs, inverses and applications. The spring will be devoted to the study of advanced topics in precalculus to include a focus on sequences and series, probability, topics in analytic geometry and limits. College Board-approved graphing calculators are required for this course. Completion of MTH 400, 410 or 420 satisfies the mathematics requirement for graduation from St. George’s School.

PHY 410 PHYSICS Open to V & VI

Prerequisite: Algebra II

A thorough development of Newtonian Mechanics leads to other topics in physics. Electricity and magnetism, ﬂuids and optics all are investigated in both class and laboratory settings. Outside projects and original design exercises will lead students to understand and better appreciate the physical world from a rigorous scientiﬁc perspective.

SCI 411, 412 MARINE BIOLOGY Open to V & VI

Prerequisites: Biology & Chemistry

This semester course is designed for students with an interest in marine biology and oceanography and provides an excellent background for students who are interested in further study of the oceans and the organisms that inhabit it. Estuarine, coastal and marine environments and the organisms that inhabit these environments are studied in this course. The technology needed to monitor and maintain marine ecosystems is practiced in the lab and in the field. Readings from scientiﬁc journals and the internet will supplement class lectures. Offered both semesters.

BIO 420/A BIOLOGY (A) Open to V & VI by invitation

Prerequisite: Chemistry

Advanced Biology is equivalent to a ﬁrst-year college biology course. Frequently, college biology is taught in large lecture format. The small class size at St. George’s encourages interaction between teacher and students and promotes student-centered labs and activities. The curriculum is rigorous, covering cell anatomy and metabolism, genetics, evolution, botany, human anatomy and physiology and ecology. Technology utilized in the course includes high-quality light microscopes, computers, spectrophotometers, Vernier computer-based laboratory probes and gel electrophoresis equipment for analysis of DNA. Regular laboratory experimentation reinforces concepts and provides experience in scientiﬁc thinking. Current research into HIV/AIDS and the efforts to develop a vaccine are woven throughout the course, providing a unifying theme and a window into the methods of modern science. The course makes frequent use of readings from current science journals and reference books. The textbook for the course is “Biology” by Campbell and Reece, 9th edition.

CHM 420/A CHEMISTRY (A) Open to V & VI by invitation

Prerequisite: Chemistry

This intensive yearlong, college-level course provides a deeper dive into the world of chemistry. Note that it is expected that students will have studied a prior year of chemistry, providing the background for the fast pace and in-depth treatment this course offers. Emphasis is given to atomic structure and multifaceted quantitative problems dealing with stoichiometry, equilibrium and thermochemistry. Labs concentrate on developing laboratory techniques as well as collecting, analyzing and presenting data. T

SCI 420/A ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (A) Open to V & VI

Prerequisite: Biology & either Chemistry or Physics

The Advanced Environmental Science course is designed to be the equivalent of an introductory college course in environmental science. Its goal is to provide students with the scientific principles, concepts, and methodologies required to understand the interrelationships of the natural world, to identify and analyze environmental problems both natural and human-made, to evaluate the relative risks associated with these problems, and to examine alternative solutions for resolving or preventing them. Environmental science is interdisciplinary encompassing a wide array of topics, ranging from ecology to politics and policy. While the sociological and political aspects of environmental science are addressed in this course, the Advanced Environmental Science curriculum places a primary emphasis upon scientific principles and analysis. The course is built upon six central themes: science is a process; energy conversions underlie all ecological processes; the Earth itself is one interconnected system; humans alter natural systems; environmental problems have a cultural and social context; and human survival depends on developing practices that will achieve sustainable systems. The objective of this course is to explore the connections within and between the natural and human worlds under the context of these six themes. The text for the course is Friedland and Relyea’s “Environmental Science for AP,” 2011.

MTH 420/H PRECALCULUS (H) Open to IV, V & VI by invitation

Prerequisite: Algebra II (H)

This yearlong honors course includes all of the elements of MTH 410, but has a limited number of seats available, requires and more and deeper preparation by students and advances through topics at a faster pace. Like MTH 400 and 410, this course unifies topics previously studied in algebra and geometry and provides the foundation needed to support future coursework in calculus, discrete mathematics and statistics. (See further details under MTH 400 or 410.) College Board-approved graphing calculators are required for this course. Students who wish to enroll in the honors section should express that desire on their Course Planning Worksheets, and indicate MTH 410 as an alternate. Students are enrolled based on a stated request, demonstrated motivation to tackle the course’s increased demands, achievement in other mathematics courses and standardized tests scores where applicable. Completion of MTH 400, 410 or 420 satisfies the mathematics requirement for graduation from St. George’s School.

PHY 460/A PHYSICS 1 (A) Open to V & VI by invitation

Pre- or co-requisite: Algebra II (H)

Advanced Physics 1 provides a faster paced and more quantitatively oriented introduction to general physics, with extensive opportunity for design and inquiry-based laboratory experimentation and application of concepts to the real world. Topics include Newtonian Mechanics including rotational motion, mechanical waves and simple circuits. Advanced Physics 1 is considered equivalent to the first semester of an algebra-based college physics course. The text is Cutnell and Johnson’s “Physics.”

PHY 480/A PHYSICS C (A) Open to V & VI by invitation

Prerequisite: Calculus

Students learn a rigorous approach to college-level, calculus-based physics. In Advanced Physics C, students study mechanics, electricity and magnetism. Laboratory work is an important and extensive component of the course. Experiments are presented as challenges either to review questions or to introduce new ideas. The Advanced Physics C curriculum is a thorough immersion in calculus-based physics and provides an exciting environment to develop the analytical skills necessary in college. The course is equivalent to the first year of physics taken by engineers and physics majors.

COM 500 COMPUTER SCIENCE Open to V & VI, IV by invitation How does computer technology impact society? What is computer programming and how does it work? How can we use programming and logic to solve complicated problems? The yearlong course, COM 500, is a comprehensive introduction to computer science and programming that aims to answer these questions and more. Students will actively examine and participate in the process of technological innovation through a combination of research, writing, debate, and programming. The course will examine the intent and impact of computer technology through social, cultural, and economic lenses. Students will learn to use the Javascript and Java languages to write their own programs from beginning to end. Topics of study in this course will include (but are not limited to) the history of computer science, current events in technology, the structure and impact of the Internet, and programming syntax and logic. Students will encounter software development, robotics, artificial intelligence, data science, and policy. They will have developed their research, presentation, and discussion skills, and they will have the analytical tools they need to examine carefully the potential positive and negative impacts of a technological innovation. Students who complete COM 500 will have learned Java and Javascript syntax and style, and they will have an understanding of object-oriented programming. This course aims to ensure that students leave St. George’s with a solid understanding of the digital world in which they live and how they might leverage technology to examine problems and create solutions. Should these students wish to pursue further education in computer science, they will have a solid foundation to enter a college-level programming course.

MTH 500 STATISTICS Open to V & VI

Prerequisite: Intro Precalculus

In the world today, more and more decisions affecting the course of our lives are based, at least in part, on the results of statistical analysis. In this yearlong course, students are exposed to four broad conceptual themes: exploring and describing data, planning a statistical study, using probability to anticipate patterns in data and statistical inference. This course focuses on the statistical thinking behind data gathering and interpretation and helps students become more discerning consumers of statistics, teaching them to look closely at what numbers from surveys, election polls and medical studies really show.

MTH 510/A STATISTICS (A) Open to V & VI by invitation

Prerequisite: Precalculus

The purpose of this yearlong course is to introduce students to the major concepts and tools for collecting, analyzing and drawing conclusions from data. Students are exposed to four broad conceptual themes: exploring and describing data, planning a statistical study, using probability to anticipate patterns in data, and statistical inference. Specific topics to be covered include descriptive statistics, data collection, linear regression, experimental design, hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, and tests of significance. A College Board-approved graphing calculator is used extensively, and students are exposed to statistical software packages especially reading outputs from Mini-Tab.

MTH 600 CALCULUS Open to VI and by invitation to V

Prerequisite: Precalculus

Calculus brings together the information and skills learned in previous courses and applies that knowledge to solve a wide variety of different problems. The yearlong Calculus course begins with the study of limits, advances through differentiation and concludes with integration.

MTH 610/A AB CALCULUS (A) Open to V & VI by invitation

Prerequisite: Precalculus

Calculus AB is yearlong course in the calculus of a single variable. AB and BC Calculus contain common topics but the BC course covers additional topics such as parametric equations, vectors and Taylor series. In both courses, students are exposed to concepts, problems and solutions in graphical, numerical, analytical and verbal form.

MTH 620/A BC CALCULUS (A) Open to V & VI by invitation

Prerequisite: Precalculus

Calculus BC is an extended version of the yearlong AB course. AB and BC Calculus contain common topics but the BC course covers additional topics such as parametric equations, vectors, and Taylor series. In both courses, students are exposed to concepts, problems, and solutions in graphical, numerical, analytical and verbal form.

MTH 630/H MULTIVARIABLE CALCULUS (H) Open to VI by invitation

Prerequisite: AB or BC Calculus

This yearlong course is intended for students who successfully complete BC Calculus before their senior year. Exceptionally strong AB Calculus students will also be considered. This course extends the fundamental concepts of calculus to functions of more than one variable. Vectors and curves in two or more dimensions, double and triple integrals, line integrals, surface integrals, Stokes Theorem, and Green’s Theorem are among the topics covered. Students will make extensive use of appropriate software and online resources throughout the course.