Doublew Education Alankar Hindi Reader - 4 (Ch 1-4)

1

rc ;kn rqEgkjh vkrh gS

tc lqcg losjs fpfM+;k¡ mBdj] oqQN xhr [kq'kh osQ xkrh gSaA dfy;k¡ njok”ks [kksy&[kksy] tc >qjeqV ls eqLdkrh gSaA [kq'kcw dh ygjsa tc ?kj ls] ckgj vk nkSM+ yxkrh gSaA

gs tx osQ fljtugkj izHkks! rc ;kn rqEgkjh vkrh gSA

pqipki pedrs rkjksa dh] egfI+kQy tc jkr ltkrh gSA tc pk¡n 'kke ls mxrk gS] vkSj fn'kk ?kqy&?kqy tkrh gSA tc vksl :i eas gjh ?kkl] pedhys eksrh ikrh gSA

gs tx osQ fljtugkj izHkks! rc ;kn rqEgkjh vkrh gSA

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&4

5

egfI+kQy µ lHkk fljtugkj µ l`f"V djus (cukus) okyk

>qjeqV µ >kM+h [kq'kcw µ egd

1-

fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj nhft,µ (d) fpfM+;k¡ lqcg mBdj D;k djrh gSa\ ([k) dfy;k¡ dgk¡ ls eqLoQjk jgh gSa\ (x) [kq'kcw dh ygjsa dgk¡ ls vkb±\

2- 'kqn~/ mPpkj.k dhft,µ >qjeqV] fljtugkj] izHkks] egfI+kQyA 1-

6

lgh mRrj osQ lkeus lgh (3) dk fpg~u yxkb,µ (d) lqcg fpfM+;k¡ mBdjµ

(v) [kq'kh osQ xhr xkrh gSaA

(c) [kkuk idkrh gSaA

(l) lI+kQkbZ djrh gSaA

([k) jkr pedrs rkjksa dh ltkrh gSµ

(v) egfI+kQy

(c) ou

(l) ;qn~/ vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&4

(x) geas ;kn vkrh gSµ

(v) vè;kid dh

(l) l`tugkj dh (?k) Hkxoku us gesa fn;k gSµ

(v) pk¡n&flrkjs

(l) ;g lalkj

2-

fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ (d) bl lalkj dk l`tugkj dkSu gS\

([k) Hkxoku us D;k&D;k cuk;k gS\

(x) dfy;k¡ njok”ks [kksy osQ D;k djrh gSa\

(?k) bZ'oj dh fdu&fdu jpukvksa dks ns[kdj dfo dks mudh ;kn vkrh gS\

3-

fuEufyf[kr iafDr;ksa dk HkkokFkZ fyf[k,µ dfy;k¡ njok”ks [kksy&[kksy] tc >qjeqV ls eqLdkrh gSa A [kq'kcw dh ygjsa tc ?kj ls] ckgj vk nkSM+ yxkrh gSaA

gs tx osQ fljtugkj izHkks!

rc ;kn rqEgkjh vkrh gSA

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&4

(c) ck”kkj dh

(c) lwjt

7

4-

js[kk

[khapdj feyku dhft,µ fpfM+;k¡ mBdj dfy;k¡ njok”ks [kksy&[kksy [kq'kcw dh ygjsa pedrs rkjksa dh egfI+kQy vksl :i esa gjh ?kkl

?kj ls ckgj vkrh gSaA pedhys eksrh ikrh gSA jkr ltkrh gSA [kq'kh osQ xhr xkrh gSaA >qjeqV ls eqLdkrh gSaA

1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ fn, x, i;kZ;okph 'kCnksa esa ls tks lgh ugha gS mu ij ?ksjk yxkb,µ (d) lqcg µ izkr%dky izHkkr 'kke ([k) ?kj µ edku fctyh x`g (x) pk¡n µ jtuh 'kf'k panzek (?k) izHkks µ Hkxoku bZ'oj o`{k 2- fuEufyf[kr okD;ka'kksa osQ fy, ,d 'kCn lwph esa ls pqudj fyf[k,µ ijksidkjh e`nqHkk"kh l`tugkj vts; (d) l`f"V jpus okyk µ ([k) ftls thrk u tk losQ µ (x) tks ehBk cksyrk gks µ (?k) ijksidkj djus okyk µ 3-

8

fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ vFkZ fy[kdj vius okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,µ (d) xhr µ

([k) pk¡n µ

(x) [kq'kcw µ

(?k) egfI+kQy µ

(Ä) izHkks µ

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&4

fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa ls laKk vkSj fozQ;k 'kCn

okD; laKk (d) fpfM+;k xhr xkrh gSA ([k) ygjsa nkSM+ yxkrh gSaA (x) oknh dgkuh lqukrh gSA (?k) cPps cksyrs gSaA (Ä) jk/k ukp jgh gSA

Nk¡fV,µ fozQ;k

1- vkidks bZ'oj dh jpuk esa dkSu&dkSu&lh ph”ksa vn~Hkqr yxrh gSa vkSj D;ksa\

2- dfo us fpfM+;ksa dh pgpgkgV dh rqyuk [kq'kh osQ xhr ls rFkk vksl dh eksrh ls dh gSA vki Hkh izo`Qfr dh fdlh oLrq dh rqyuk fdlh vU; ls dhft,A

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&4

9

2

vuwBs dke

,d xjhc eNqvkjk FkkA ,d fnu mlosQ tky esa cgqr cM+h eNyh i¡Ql xbZA og eu&gh&eu cgqr [kq'k gqvkA og [kq'k gksrk gqvk ml eNyh dks vius ?kj ys tkus yxkA rHkh nks flikfg;ksa us mls jksd fy;kA mUgksaus dM+d vkok”k esa dgk] ^^vjs eNqvkjs] bruh cM+h eNyh dk rw D;k djsxk\ bls rks 'kkgh ckophZ[kkus esa gksuk pkfg,A** eNqvkjs us fxM+fxM+kdj dgk] ^^ugha HkSÕ;k] ,slk er djksA eSa bls viuh iRuh dks nsuk pkgrk gw¡ rkfd og esjs nks NksVs cPpksa rFkk ge nksuksa osQ fy, Lokfn"V Hkkstu idk losQA** exj flikfg;ksa us mldh ,d u lquhA os mls idM+dj eNyh lfgr jktk osQ ikl ys x,A egy igq¡pdj mUgksaus jktk ls dgk] ^^egkjkt! ;g nq"V eNqvkjk 'kkgh jlksbZ osQ fy, eNyh ugha ns jgk FkkA ;g bls viuh iRuh osQ fy, ys tk jgk FkkA** eNqvkjk ?kcjk x;kA og jktk osQ lkeus lk"Vkax naMor djosQ {kek ek¡xus yxkA jktk funZ;h FkkA mlus dgk] ^^eSa rqEgsa {kek dj ldrk gw¡] ysfdu rc] tc rqe dksbZ vuwBk dke djosQ eq>s fn[kkvksA** eNqvkjs us iwNk] ^^dkSu&lk vuwBk dke] egkjkt\**

10

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&4

jktk us dgk] ^^tSls fd rqe ,d gh le; esa jksdj rFkk gยกldj fn[kkvksA rqEgsa ,d fnu dk oDr Hkh nsrk gwยกA tkdj lkspks] oSQls djksxs\** lHkh njckjh eu&gh&eu gยกl jgs FksA Hkyk dksbZ bulku gยกlus vkSj jksus dk dke ,d lkFk oSQls dj ldrk gS\ jktk dh ckr lqudj eNqvkjk mnkl eu ls vius ?kj igqยกp x;kA iRuh us mls mnkl vkSj [kkyh gkFk vk;k ns[kk rks iwNk] ^^D;k gqvk\ oqQN ckr gS D;k\** eNqvkjs us mls iwjh ?kVuk crk nhA og cqn~f/erh L=kh FkhA mlus dgk] ^^fpark er djks] ;g rks cgqr gh vklku dke gSA** vkSj mlus eNqvkjs dks lkjk mik; crk fn;kA vxys fnu eNqvkjk jktk osQ njckj esa tk igqยกpkA mlus jktk dk vfHkoknu fd;k vkSj cksyk] ^^egkjkt] eSa vkidks vuwBk dke djosQ fn[kkus dks rS;kj gwยกA** dgdj mlus tsc ls I;kt fudkydj mls iQksM+k] eNqvkjs dh vkยก[kksa ls >j&>j vkยกlw fxjus yxsA blh {k.k og BgkosQ ekjdj gยกlus yxkA tks njckjh dy mldk eโ kkd mM+k jgs Fks] os vkt rkfy;kยก ctkdj mldh iz'kalk djus yxsA vkil esa mldh lw>cw> dh ljkguk djus yxsA eNqvkjs us lpeqp gh vuwBk dke dj fn[kk;kA

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&4

11

bl ckj jktk us dgk] ^^HkkbZ] eku x, rqEgsaA cl ,d ckj vkSj viuh cqn~f/ekuh dk uewuk fn[kkvksA dy rqe gesa dksbZ ,slh dgkuh lqukvks] ftls ge dHkh Hkwy u losaQA** eNqvkjk tYnh ls vius ?kj vk;k] vkSj viuh iRuh dks jktk dk vxyk vkns'k lquk fn;kA iRuh us mls dgkuh lquk nhA eNqvkjk fiQj njckj igq¡pk vkSj cksyk] ^^egkjkt! lqfu,] dHkh u Hkwyus okyh dgkuhA** ,d vehj FkkA mlosQ ikl nl g”kkj lksus dh eksgjsa vkSj nl g”kkj pk¡nh dh eksgjsa FkhaA lkFk gh g”kkjksa rk¡cs osQ flDosQ FksA ,d fnu og ?kksM+s ij lokj gksdj ?kj ykSV jgk FkkA jkLrs esa mls ,d rk¡cs dk flDdk lM+d ij fxjk gqvk fn[kkbZ fn;kA ?kj igq¡prs gh mlus vius dbZ lsodksa dks og flDdk <w¡<+dj ykus dks dgkA** jktk us chp esa gh Vksdrs gq, dgk] ^^D;k cdokl djrs gks\ bruk vehj vkneh rk¡cs osQ ,d flDosQ osQ ihNs D;ksa Hkkxsxk\** eNqvkjk >V ls cksyk] ^^tSls ,d jktk us ,d xjhc dh eNyh 'kkgh ckophZ[kkus osQ fy, ys yhA** jktk dk flj 'keZ ls >qd x;kA mlus dgk] ^^gesa rqEgkjk ”kokc ilan vk;kA rqEgsa] rqEgkjh cqn~f/ekuh vkSj eNyh dh iwjh dher feysxhA** ;g dgdj jktk us eNqvkjs dks lkS lksus dh eksgjsa buke esa fnyokbZA eNqvkjk izlUurkiwoZd ?kj ykSV vk;kA

ckophZ[kkuk µ jlksbZ lw>cw> µ cqn~f/ekuh nq"V µ cqjk ljkguk µ rkjhI+kQ lk"Vkax naMor µ ”kehu ij ysVdj iz.kke izlUurkiwoZd µ [kq'kh ls vuwBk µ vuks[kk

fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj nhft,µ (d) xjhc dkSu Fkk\

12

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&4

([k) ,d fnu mlosQ tky esa D;k i¡Qlk\ (x) mls fdlus jksd fy;k\

1-

lgh mRrj osQ lkeus lgh (3) dk fpg~u yxkb,µ (d) eNqvkjs dks ,d fnu D;k feyh\

(v) cM+h eNyh (c) cM+h uko

(l) cM+h fpfM+;k ([k) eNqvkjs dks idM+dj dkSu ys x,\ (c) flikgh

(v) pksj

(l) jktk

(x) jktk us eNqvkjs ls D;k djus dks dgkA

(v) xyr dke (c) NksVk dke

(l) vuwBk dke

(?k) igyk vuwBk dke D;k Fkk\

(v) ,d gh le; esa [kkuk vkSj ihuk

(c) ,d gh le; esa vkuk vkSj tkuk

(l) ,d gh le; esa jksuk vkSj g¡luk (Ä) nwljk vuwBk dke D;k Fkk\

(v) dHkh u Hkwyus okyh dgkuh lqukuk

(c) lc Hkwyus okyh dgkuh lqukuk

(l) ;knnk'r [kks nsus okyh dgkuh lqukuk

2-

fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj nhft,µ (d) flikgh eNqvkjs dks jktk osQ ikl D;ksa ys x,\

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&4

13

([k) eNqvkjs us ,d gh le; esa g¡lus vkSj jksus dk D;k mik; fd;k\ mldh lgk;rk fdlus dh\

(x) dgkuh lqukrs le; eNqvkjs dks jktk us chp esa D;ksa Vksdk\

(?k) eNqvkjs us jktk dks D;k dgkuh lqukbZ\

(Ä) okLro esa cqn~f/eku dkSu Fkk\ jktk us eNqvkjs dks cqn~f/ekuh dk D;k bZuke fn;k\

3-

ikB osQ vk/kj ij lkspdj fyf[k, fuEufyf[kr osQ D;k dkj.k Fks\ (d) jktk us eNqvkjs dks vuwBk dke djus dks dgkA

([k) eNqvkjs us viuh iRuh dh lgk;rk yhA

(x) jktk us eNqvkjs dks bZuke fn;kA

4- lgh dFku osQ lkeus (3) osQ vkSj xyr dFku osQ lkeus (7) dk fpg~u yxkb,µ (d) eNqvkjk vehj FkkA ([k) eNqvkjk [kq'k gksrk gqvk eNyh dks vius ?kj ys tkus yxkA (x) flikgh mls idM+dj jktk osQ ikl ys x,A 14

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&4

(?k) njckjh eu&gh&eu fpark esa iM+ x,A (Ä) eNqvkjs dh iRuh cqn~f/erh FkhA

1- laLo`Qr osQ ftu 'kCnksa dk :i cnydj fganh esa iz;ksx fd, tkrs gSa] mUgsa rn~Hko 'kCn dgrs gSaA

fuEufyf[kr rn~Hko 'kCnksa osQ rRle 'kCn lwph esa ls Nk¡Vdj fyf[k,µ u`i L=kh ehu ijs'kkuh ekuo rkjhI+kQ

rn~Hko rRle eNyh µ jktk µ vkSjr µ

2-

foykse 'kCn fyf[k,µ jktk X xjhc X egy X Hkwyuk X

3-

leku vFkZokys 'kCnksa ij lgh (3) dk fpg~u yxkb,µ (d) ?kj µ edku o`{k vky; ([k) jktk µ jad u`i egkjkt (x) bulku µ euq"; ekuo tkuoj (?k) iz'kalk µ cqjkbZ rkjhI+kQ ljkguk

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&4

rn~Hko rRle balku µ fpark µ iz'kalk µ L=kh X fnu X bulku X buke X

15

1-

fuEufyf[kr eqgkojksa osQ vFkZ fy[kdj vius okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,µ (d) iwQyk u lekuk µ

([k) rkd esa jguk µ

(x) epy mBuk µ

(?k) dkukiwQlh djuk µ

2-

fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa ls laKk vkSj fozQ;k 'kCn Nk¡Vdj fyf[k,µ

laKk fozQ;k (d) eNqvkjk eNyh dks ?kj ys tkus yxkA

([k) lSfud mls idM+dj jktk osQ ikl ys x,A

(x) vxys fnu eNqvkjk egy esa x;kA

(?k) eNqvkjs dh vk¡[kksa ls >j&>j vk¡lw

fxjus yxsA

1- vius vè;kid@vè;kfidk ls tkudkjh izkIr dhft, fd Hkkjr esa lksus osQ flDosQ dk izpyu dc can gqvk\

2- ;fn vkidh eqykdkr eNqvkjs ls gks tk, rks vki mlls dkSu&dkSu&ls dk;Z djok,¡xs\ (d) ([k) 16

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&4

3

ikxy gkFkh

eksrh jktk lkgc dh [kkl lokjh FkkA oSls rks og cgqr lh/k vkSj ljy Fkk] ij dHkh&dHkh mldk fetk”k xje gks tkrk Fkk] rks og vius vkis esa ugha jgrk FkkA ml le; mls fdlh dh lq/ ugha jgrh FkhA og egkor dk ncko Hkh ugha ekurk FkkA ,d fnu blh ikxyiu esa mlus vius egkor dks ekj MkykA jktk lkgc us ;g [kcj lquh rks mUgsa ozQks/ vk x;kA eksrh dh inoh Nhu yh xbZA mls jktk lkgc dh lokjh ls fudky fn;k x;kA vc mls oqQfy;ksa dh rjg ydfM+;k¡ <ksuh iM+rh FkhaA tc og viuh bl n'kk dks ns[krk rks mls cgqr nq[k gksrkA og lksprk] ^^dgk¡ eSa jktk lkgc dk lcls I;kjk gkFkh Fkk vkSj dgk¡ vkt ekewyh e”knwj gw¡A ;g lkspdj og ”kksj&”kksj ls fpa?kkM+rk vkSj mNyrkA vkf[kj ,d fnu mls bruk tks'k vk;k fd mlus yksgs dh tathj rksM+ nh vkSj taxy dh vksj HkkxkA

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&4

17

FkksM+h gh nwj ij ,d unh FkhA eksrh igys ml unh esa [kwc ugk;k] fiQj ogk¡ ls taxy dh vksj py iM+kA b/j jktk lkgc osQ vkneh mls <w¡<+rs gq, vk igq¡ps] ij mlosQ ikl tkus dh fgEer u dj losQA taxy esa igq¡pdj eksrh vius iqjkus lkfFk;ksa dks <w¡<+us yxk] ij taxy esa gkfFk;ksa us tc mlosQ xys esa jLlh vkSj ik¡o esa VwVh ta”khj ns[kh rks eq¡g isQj fy;kA og Hkkxrk gqvk okil egy dh vksj py iM+kA og jkLrs esa gh Fkk fd mlus ns[kk] jktk lkgc f'kdkfj;ksa osQ lkFk ?kksM+s ij pys vk jgs gSaA og I+kQkSju ,d cM+h pV~Vku dh vkM+ esa fNi x;kA /wi cgqr rs”k FkhA jktk lkgc ”kjk ne ysus osQ fy, ?kksM+s ls mrjsA vpkud eksrh pV~Vku dh vkM+ ls fudy iM+k vkSj fpa?kkM+rk gqvk jktk lkgc dh vksj nkSM+kA jktk lkgc ?kcjkdj Hkkxs vkSj ,d NksVh&lh >ksiM+h esa ?kql x,A eksrh us jktk lkgc dks >ksiM+h osQ vanj tkrs gq, ns[k fy;k FkkA oqQN nsj ckn eksrh Hkh ogk¡ igq¡p x;kA igys rks mlus viuh lw¡M+ ls mQij dk NIij fxjk fn;k] fiQj mls iSjksa ls jkSandj pwj&pwj dj fn;kA vanj Mj osQ ekjs jktk lkgc dk cqjk gky FkkA tku cpus dh dksbZ vk'kk ugha FkhA vkf[kj tc oqQN u lw>k rks os tku ij [ksydj ihNs nhokj ij p<+dj nwljh rjI+kQ owQn x,A egy ykSVdj jktk lkgc us f<a<ksjk fiVok fn;k fd tks vkneh eksrh dks f”kank idM+dj yk,xk] mls ,d g”kkj #i;s buke fn;k tk,xkA buke osQ ykyp esa iM+dj dbZ vkneh mls idM+us taxy rks x,_ ijarq okil ,d Hkh ugha vk;kA eksrh osQ egkor dk ,d csVk FkkµeqjyhA vHkh og oqQy vkB gh o"kZ dk FkkA blfy, jktk lkgc n;k djosQ mls vkSj mldh ek¡ dks [kkus&ihus vkfn osQ fy, oqQN [kpZ fn;k djrs FksA eqjyh Fkk rks ckyd] ij fgEer dk cM+k /uh FkkA og dej dldj eksrh dks idM+dj ykus osQ fy, rS;kj gks x;kA 18

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&4

eqjyh taxy esa tkdj ,d m¡Qps isM+ ij p<+dj cSB x;kA ogk¡ ls b/j&m/j u”kjsa nkSM+kdj eksrh dks ns[kus yxkA eqjyh us ns[kk fd eksrh mlh vksj flj >qdk, pyk vk jgk gSA tSls gh eksrh isM+ osQ uhps vk;k] mlus isM+ osQ mQij ls iqdkjk] ^^eksrh!** eksrh eqjyh dks ns[kdj igpku x;kA ;g ogh eqjyh Fkk ftls viuh lw¡M+ ls mBkdj og eLrd ij cSBk ysrk FkkA ^^eSaus gh blosQ firk dks ekj Mkyk FkkA**µ,slk lkspdj mls ckyd eqjyh ij n;k vk xbZA og [kq'k gksdj lw¡M+ fgykus yxkA eqjyh isM+ ls uhps mrjk vkSj mldh lw¡M+ ij Fkifd;k¡ nsus yxk] fiQj mlus eksrh dks uhps cSBus dk b'kkjk fd;k] ij og cSBk ugha] cfYd eqjyh dks igys dh rjg lw¡M+ ls mBkdj vius eLrd ij cSBk fy;k vkSj jktegy dh vksj py iM+kA eqjyh dks eksrh osQ lkFk jktegy osQ n~okj ij vk;k ns[kdj yksxksa us nk¡rksa rys v¡xqfy;k¡ nck yhaA eqjyh us fpYykdj dgk] ^^Mjks ugha] eksrh fcYoqQy lh/k gks x;k gSA vc ;g fdlh dks ugha ekjsxkA** jktk lkgc us eqjyh dks ,d g”kkj #i;s dk buke fn;k vkSj mls viuk [kkl egkor Hkh cuk fy;kA eksrh fiQj ls jktk lkgc dk I;kjk gkFkh cu x;k FkkA µizsepan vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&4

19

ljy µ fetk”k µ inoh µ jkSandj µ

lknk O;ogkj] LoHkko in oqQpydj

f<a<ksjk fiVokuk µ ,syku djokuk eLrd µ flj Fkifd;k¡ µ gFksyh ls FkiFkikuk

1-

fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj nhft,µ (d) eksrh dkSu Fkk\ ([k) mldk LoHkko oSQlk Fkk\ (x) eksrh fdlls Mjrk Fkk\

2- 'kqn~/ mPpkj.k dhft,µ fetk”k] inoh] jkSandj] f<a<ksjk] eLrd] Fkifd;k¡A

1-

20

lgh mRrj osQ lkeus lgh (3) (d) jktk lkgc dh [kkl lokjh

(v) eksrh

([k) egkor dk csVk Fkkµ

(v) eksrh

dk fpg~u yxkb,µ Fkkµ (c) exuw

(l) xtjkt

(c) panu

(l) eqjyh

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&4

2-

fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj nhft,µ (d) eksrh osQ LoHkko esa ,d nks"k D;k Fkk\

([k) eksrh us vius xqLls esa D;k xyrh dh\

(x) jktk lkgc us fdl dke osQ fy, fdruk buke j[kk\

(?k) eksrh dks dkSu idM+dj okil egy yk;k\

3- dgkuh osQ ?kVukozQe osQ vuqlkj fn, x, ckWDlksa esa okD;ksa osQ lgh ozQe la[;k fyf[k,\

;g lkspdj ”kksj&”kksj ls fpa?kkM+rk vkSj mNyrkA

vc ;g fdlh dks ugha ekjsxkA

/wi cgqr rs”k FkhA

eksrh jktk lkgc dh [kkl lokjh FkkA

eqjyh isM+ ls uhps mrjk vkSj eksrh dh lw¡M+ ij Fkifd;k¡ nsus yxkA

1-

fuEufyf[kr izR;sd 'kCn osQ fy, nks&nks i;kZ;okph 'kCn fyf[k,µ (d) jktk µ

([k) taxy µ

(x) gkFkh µ

(?k) ?kksM+k µ

(Ä) csVk µ

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&4

21

2-

fuEufyf[kr okD;ka'kksa osQ fy, ,d 'kCn fyf[k,µ (d) e”knwjh djus okyk µ e”knwj ([k) gkFkh pykusokyk µ (x) ydM+h dkVus okyk µ (?k) uko pykus okyk µ (Ä) ns'k dh j{kk djus okyk µ

1- ^jktk lkgc*] ^gkFkh* vkSj ^egkor* 'kCn viuh laiw.kZ tkfr dk cks/ djk jgs gSa_ tcfd ^eqjyh* vkSj ^eksrh* 'kCn fdlh fo'ks"k O;fDr osQ ckjs esa crk jgs gSaA vr% fdlh fo'ks"k O;fDr] LFkku] oLrq] izk.kh vkfn dk cks/ djkusokys 'kCn O;fDrokpd laKk dgykrs gSa vkSj ,d gh izdkj osQ leLr O;fDr;ksa] LFkkuksa] oLrqvksa] izkf.k;ksa vkfn dk cks/ djkusokys 'kCn tkfrokpd laKk dgykrs gSaA (d) ikB esa ls oqQN tkfrokpd laKk 'kCn Nk¡Vdj fyf[k,A

tkfrokpd laKk µ ([k) mnkgj.k osQ vuqlkj izR;sd tkfrokpd laKk ls lacaf/r nks&nks O;fDrokpd laKk fyf[k,A

egkiq#"k µ (v) egkRek xka/h (c) tokgjyky usg:

unh µ (v) (c)

bekjr µ (v) (c) 2-

fuEufyf[kr okD;kas dks è;ku ls if<+,µ (d) eksrh jktk lkgc dh [kkl lokjh FkkA ([k) og ”kksj&”kksj ls fpa?kkM+rk vkSj mNyrk FkkA (x) jktk lkgc ?kksM+s ij pys vk jgs gSaA mi;qZDr okD;ksa esa ^dh*] ^ls*] rFkk ^ij* ,sls 'kCn&fpg~u gSa] tks fozQ;k dks laKk rFkk loZuke ls tksM+rs gSaA ;s fpg~u dkjd dgykrs gSaA bu fpg~uksa dks ijlxZ Hkh dgrs gSaA

22

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&4

vc fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa vk, dkjd&fpg~uksa dks js[kkafdr dhft,µ (d) dHkh&dHkh mldk fetk”k xje gks tkrk FkkA ([k) mls jktk lkgc dh lokjh ls fudky fn;k x;kA (x) viuh n'kk dks ns[kdj mls cgqr nq[k gksrkA (?k) og Hkkxrk gqvk egy dh vksj py iM+kA (Ä) jktk lkgc ”kjk ne ysus osQ fy, ?kksM+s ls mrjsA (p) flikgh mls idM+us osQ fy, nkSM+sA (N) eksrh us jktk lkgc dks >ksiM+h osQ vanj tkrs ns[k fy;k FkkA

D;k vkius dHkh okLro esa gkFkh ns[kk gSA gkFkh dk jax oSQlk gksrk gS\ uhps fn, x, fp=k esa gkFkh dks bPNkuqlkj jax ls ltkb,A nsf[k, rks oSQlk yxsxk] vyx jax dk gkFkhA

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&4

23

4

'kkjhfjd nks"k

mu fnuksa esjs ikl dksbZ dke ugha FkkA eq>s ukSdjh dh ryk'k FkhA exj ukSdjh dkiQh <w¡<+us ij Hkh ugha fey jgh FkhA csdkjh osQ bUgha fnuksa dh ckr gSA eSa vius fe=k ls feyus mlosQ ?kj x;kA mldk ?kj esjs ?kj ls nwj FkkA b/j esjh ”ksc [kkyh FkhA lks eSa iSny gh py iM+kA ogk¡ rd pyrs&pyrs eSa Fkd x;k rks FkksM+k lqLrkus osQ fy, mlosQ ?kj dh lhf<+;ksa ij cSB x;kA rHkh ogk¡ ,d fHk[kkjh vk igq¡pkA mlus le>k eSa mlh edku esa jgrk gw¡A fHk[kkjh cksyk] ^^ckcw th] ,d dVksjk vkVk ns nksA** eSa cksyk] ^^ugha gS] vkxs tkvksA** fHk[kkjh cksyk] ^^dksbZ iQVk&iqjkuk diM+k gh ns nksA** eSaus mls f>M+ddj dgk] ^^dksbZ diM+k Hkh ugha gS] vc tkvksA** eSaus lkspk vc og pyk tk,xk] ij ugha] og ogha vM+k jgk vkSj cksyk] ^^rks nl iSls dk flDdk gh ns nksA** vc eq>s ml ij xqLlk vk x;k D;ksafd esjh gkyr [kqn [kjkc FkhA eSaus mls Mk¡Vrs gq, dgk] ^^nl iSls Hkh rks ugha gSaA Vyrk gh ugha vfM+;yA** eSaus viuh rjI+kQ ls lp gh dgk Fkk] ij og rc Hkh ogk¡ ls ugha x;kA eSaus mls ?kwjdj ns[kkA vk¡[ksa feyrs gh og cksyk] ^^ckcw] tc ?kj esa vkVk ugha gS] diM+s&yRrs Hkh ugha vkSj iSls Hkh ugha] fiQj ;gk¡ cSBs&cSBs le; D;ksa cjckn dj jgs gks\ vkvks esjs lkFk] 'kke rd nl&chl #i;s rks dek gh yksxsA** fHk[kkjh dh ckr lqudj eSa my>u esa iM+ x;kA eu&gh&eu lkspk] ^^lykg rks lgh ns jgk gSA tc rd ukSdjh ugha feyrh rks D;ksa u ------\ 24

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&4

vHkh eSa lksp gh jgk Fkk fd esjk fe=k ?kj ls ckgj vk x;kA mlus fHk[kkjh dks Mk¡Vdj Hkxk fn;k vkSj eq>s Hkhrj ys x;kA fe=k dh bl gjdr ij eq>s xqLlk vk x;kA eSaus lkspk] ^^ukSdjh eq>s fey ugha jgh] ;g eq>s ukSdjh fnyokus esa enn ugha dj jgk] tSls&rSls dksbZ ennxkj feyk Hkh rks mldks blus Hkxk fn;kA tSls vc esjh jksVh&ikuh dk bar”kke ;gh djus okyk gksA** eSa vius fe=k osQ ckjs esa vHkh tkus vkSj D;k&D;k lksprk fd mlus esjs vkxs ,d v[kckj j[krs gq, cksyk] ^^;g ns[kks] rqEgkjs yk;d ukSdjh gSA** ;g lqurs gh esjh [kq'kh dk fBdkuk ugha jgkA v[kckj eas fy[kk Fkk] ^^,d uo;qod dh ”k:jr gSA dke dksbZ [kkl ugha fy;k tk,xk] osru vPNk fn;k tk,xkA ukSdjh ikus dh ,d 'krZ gSµukSdj dHkh g¡lsxk ughaA ftl fnu g¡lsxk] ukSdjh ls fudky fn;k tk,xkA bl 'krZ osQ lkFk ukSdjh djus dks rS;kj ;qod ;gk¡ fn, irs ij vkdj feysaA** fe=k us lykg nh] ^^'krZ gS rks v”khc] ij rqe rks ;ksa Hkh ugha g¡lrsA tc g¡lrs gks rks yxrk gS jks jgs gksA vxj rqe dHkh g¡l Hkh fn, rks dksbZ ;dhu ugha djsxk fd rqe g¡l jgs gksA blfy, ;g ukSdjh rqe ”k:j dj ldrs gksA**

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&4

25

fe=k dh lykg vkSj v[kckj ysdj eSa vius ?kj ykSV vk;kA vkrs gh vyekjh ls niZ.k fudkykA lkeus j[kdj nsj rd g¡l&g¡ldj ns[kk fd fe=k >wB cksy jgk gS ;k lpA fujh{k.k djus ij ik;k fd fe=k jRrh&Hkj Hkh >wB ugha cksy jgk FkkA vxys fnu mlh irs ij tk igq¡pkA ?kaVh ctkdj vkus dh izrh{kk dhA tSls gh njok”kk [kqyk] esjh vk¡[ksa [kqyh&dh&[kqyh jg xb±A eSa ;g ns[kus&le>us dh dksf'k'k djrk jgk fd esjs lkeus tks [kM+s gSa ;s vkneh gSa ;k Hkwls dk Hkjk gqvk cksjkA muesa ls vkok”k vkus ij eSa le> x;k fd ;s vkneh gh gSa ij ”kjk vyx fdLe osQA tSls gh eSaus ;g crk;k fd eSa ukSdjh ikus osQ fy, vk;k gw¡] muosQ psgjs ij eqLoQjkgV vk xbZA os cksys] ^^rks Hkhrj vkb, uA** eSaus vanj tkuk rks pkgk] ij tk u ldkA tc oqQN feuVksa rd eSa Hkhrj ugha x;k rks mUgksaus fiQj dgk] ^^vkb, uA** eSaus viuh ijs'kkuh crkbZ] ^^vki gVsa rks eSa Hkhrj vkm¡QA vHkh rks Hkhrj ?kqlus yk;d txg u”kj gh ugha vk jghA** bruk dgrs&dgrs esjs psgjs ij eqLoQjkgV vk xbZA tSls gh mUgksaus eq>s ns[kk] rks eq>s [kVdk gqvk] ^^vc rks ukSdjh ugha feysxh**] ij rHkh os ,d rjiQ gVrs gq, cksys] ^^rks jks D;ksa jgs gks\** eq>s le>rs nsj u yxh fd ;s esjh g¡lh dks jksuk le> jgs gSaA eSaus ckr cukbZ] ^^vly esa dbZ fnuksa ls csdkj gw¡ u] blfy, jksuk vk x;kA** [kSj] ge Hkhrj igq¡ps vkSj eq>s ukSdjh fey xbZA mUgksaus eq>s crk;k] ^^rqEgsa gekjs lkFk nqdku rd pyuk gksxkA ogk¡ NksVs&eksVs dke djus gksaxsA 'kke dks gekjs lkFk ?kj okil vkuk gksxkA tc ge ?kj esa ?kql tk;k djsaxs rks rqEgkjh NqV~Vh gks tk;k djsxh ;k dHkh&dHkh gekjs lkFk fiQYe ns[kus Hkh tkuk gksxk] clA** bruh vklku ukSdjh ikdj eSa [kq'kh ls iwQyk u lek;kA dy rd ftls eSa viuk 'kkjhfjd nks"k ekurk Fkk] vkt og vkSjksa dh u”kj esa esjk xq.k cu pqdk gSA

26

lqLrkus µ niZ.k µ fujh{k.k µ jRrh&Hkj µ

vkjke djus 'kh'kk] vkbZuk tk¡p ”kjk&lk

izrh{kk µ bar”kkj fdLe µ izdkj [kVdk µ lansg] 'kd

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&4

1-

fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj nhft,µ (d) ys[kd dks fdldh ryk'k Fkh\ ([k) ys[kd osQ fnu oSQls Fks\ (x) ys[kd fdlls feyus x;k\

2- 'kqn~/ mPpkj.k dhft,µ fLFkfr] Lo;a] lqLrkus] bar”kke] niZ.k] jRrh&Hkj] izrh{kkA

1-

lgh mRrj osQ lkeus lgh (3) osQ fpg~u yxkb,µ (d) ys[kd dks fdldh ryk'k Fkh\

(v) ukSdjh dh (c) ?kj dh ([k) ys[kd py iM+kµ (c) iSny

(v) dkj esa (x) ys[kd dks ukSdjh osQ ckjs esa fdlus crk;k\

(v) mlosQ iM+kslh us (c) mldh ek¡ us (?k) ukSdjh dh D;k 'krZ Fkh\ (c) g¡luk gS

(v) g¡luk ugha gS

(l) [kkus dh (l) ?kksM+s ij (l) mlosQ fe=k us (l) jksuk gS

2- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj nhft,µ (d) ys[kd vius fe=k ls feyus iSny gh D;ksa x;k\

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&4

27

([k) fHk[kkjh us ys[kd ls D;k&D;k ek¡xk\

(x) ukSdjh ikus dh 'krZ D;k Fkh\

(?k) ys[kd Lo;a dks niZ.k esa ns[kdj D;k lkspus yxk\

3-

js[kk

1-

fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks (d) fe=k µ ([k) niZ.k µ (x) vk¡[ksa µ (?k) lykg µ

[khapdj lgh feyku dhft,µ ys[kd dks pkfg, Fkh ys[kd dks ukSdjh crkbZ ys[kd dks rax fd;k ys[kd dks ukSdjh nh

fHk[kkjh us lsB us ukSdjh mlosQ fe=k us

i;kZ;okph fyf[k,µ

2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa esa mfpr LFkku ij vuqLokj (µa ) rFkk vuqukfld (µ¡ ) yxkdj fyf[k,µ <w<+us µ

brtke µ igqpk µ

glsxk µ vk[ks µ

?kVh µ ckVdj µ

28

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&4

1- laKk 'kCn osQ ftl :i ls mlosQ ,d ;k vusd gksus dk cks/ gks mls opu dgrs gSaA opu nks izdkj osQ gksrs gSaµ,dopu vkSj cgqopuA (v) ,dopuµlaKk 'kCn osQ ftl :i ls ,d gh O;fDr] oLrq] LFkku] inkFkZ] izk.kh] vkfn dk cks/ gksrk gS] mls ,dopu dgrs gSa_ tSlsµosQyk] gkFk] o`{k] vkfnA (c) cgqopuµlaKk 'kCn osQ ftl :i ls vusd O;fDr;ksa oLrqvksa] LFkkuksa] inkFkks±] izkf.k;ksa] vkfn dk cks/ gksrk gS] mls cgqopu dgrs gSa_ tSlsµosQys] yM+fd;k¡] fpfM+;k¡] vkfnA

lwph esa 'kCnksa dks lgh LFkku ij fyf[k,µ diM+s rk¡xsa dVksjs njok”ks lhf<+;k¡ ?kafV;k¡ xkfM+;k¡ nokb;k¡ rk¡xk µ

xkM+h µ dVksjk µ

lh<+h µ diM+k µ

?kaVh µ njok”kk µ

nokbZ µ

2-

fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ fyax&ifjorZu dhft,µ ekrk µ

l[kk µ iq#"k µ

fHk[kkjh µ ;qod µ

lsB µ

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&4

29

if<+, vkSj g¡fl,A ;gk¡ g¡luk euk ugha gSA ekfyd µ (u;k ukSdj j[krs gq,) rqEgkjs ikl D;k lcwr gS fd rqeus igys gfj ckcw osQ ?kj dke fd;k FkkA ukSdj µ (eqLoQjkrs gq,) th] esjs ikl uke [kqns gq, muosQ ?kj osQ vk/k n”kZu ls ”;knk muosQ crZu bdV~Bk gSaA

30

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&4

osQoy i<+us osQ fy,

Fkkyh esa Qy w lkfRod Hkkstu osQ flyflys esa ^oaQn&ewy&iQy* dk f”kozQ gksrk gS] ij gekjk è;ku bl vksj ugha tkrk fd gekjs [kku&iku esa iwQyksa dks dgk¡ 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA iwQy iwtk dh vkSj ltkoV dh ph”k gSaA mls [kkus okyk efrean ;k fof{kIr gh le>k tk ldrk gSA ^ekulwu oSfMax* fI+kQYe esa ,d ik=k dks dksgtkjh osQ iwQyksa dh tqxkM+h djrs fn[kk;k x;k gS] ij ,d cngokl fljfiQjs nhokus osQ :i esaA cgqr lkjs yksx bl ckr dh vuns[kh djrs gSa fd Hkkjr osQ izknsf'kd [kku&iku esa iwQyksa dh [kklh vgfe;r gSA caxky esa osQys osQ iwQy dk mi;ksx ekspk dVysV osQ :i esa rks gksrk gh gS] blls lw[kh lCth Hkh rS;kj dh tkrh gSA rfeyukMq vkSj osQjy esa blesa ukfj;y dk nw/ feykdj jlnkj lCth Hkh rS;kj djrs gSa rFkk Hkqft;k HkhA caxky esa gh oqQEgM+s osQ iwQy dks cslu vkSj pkoy osQ vkVs osQ ?kksy esa Mqckdj Lokfn"V idkSM+s cuk, vkSj f[kyk, tkrs gSaA

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&4

31

pesyh dk xtjk jaxhu fetk”k jfld dykbZ esa yisVrs gSa] rks pkoy dks lqxaf/r djus osQ fy, Hkh budk iz;ksx gksrk gSA rfeyukMq dk ikfjtkr vksnue~ blh dk mnkgj.k gSA ge cgqr vklkuh ls ;g Hkqyk nsrs gSa fd xqyoaQn dh 'kDy esa ge xqykc dh ia[kqfM+;ksa dks csfgpd [kkrs ipkrs jgrs gSaA gk¡] xqykc dh [khj de ns[kus dks feyrh gSA oqQN cjl igys gekjs ,d dk;LFk fe=k us y[kumQ esa gesa dpukj osQ iwQy dh dysth p[kkbZ Fkh tks muosQ vuqlkj ,d ih<+h igys rd yksdfiz; ikjaifjd O;atu FkhA cukjl esa [kkus dks feyh lgtu osQ iwQy dh lC”khA dM+okiu uke ek=k dks rFkk elkyksa dh laxr ls eqDrA ued vkSj fepZ gh dkI+kQh FksA xjekxje ”kjk xhys pkoyksa osQ lkFk bldk vkuan ysus osQ fy,A ?kh gks rks dguk gh D;kA >kj[kaM esa oqaQn#e vkSj ew¡xk iwQyksa dh lCth cM+s pko ls [kkbZ tkrh gSA budk pyu iM+kslh NRrhlx<+ osQ vkfnoklh vapy esa Hkh gSA cspkjk egqok cnuke gS u'khyh 'kjkc osQ fy,] ij blh osQ iwQy vkfnoklh [kku&iku dks Lokfn"V rFkk ikSf"Vd cukrs jgs gSaA NRrhlx<+] >kj[kaM] eè; izns'k esa budks yM~Mw] gyos] vpkj vkSj eqjCcs osQ :i esa Hkh xq”kjs ”kekus esa [kk;k tkrk FkkA e”ksnkj ckr ;g gS fd iwQy [kk, gh ugha tkrs] fi;s Hkh tkrs gSaA xqykc vkSj xqM+gy dk 'kjcr u osQoy oqQnjrh jax vkSj lqxa/ osQ dkj.k] oju vkS"k/h; xq.kksa osQ dkj.k Hkh e'kgwj jgs gSaA mRrjka[kM esa cqjka'k osQ iwQy ls [kV~Vk&ehBk 'kjcr rS;kj fd;k tkrk gS] tks iQkYxqu&pSr esa cgqr yksdfiz; gSA lcls csgrj le>h tkus okyh nkftZfyax pk; esa ifRr;ksa osQ lkFk pk; osQ iwQy dh dyh Hkh pquh tkrh gSA fgekpy izns'k osQ ikjaifjd Hkkstu esa Hkh rkts vkSj lw[ks iwQyksa dk bLrseky gksrk jgk gSA [kkus osQ oqQnjrh jax Hkh iwQyksa ls gh gesa feyrs gSaA vc rks [kkus esa [kq'kcw nsus osQ fy, rkts iwQyksa dk bLrseky gksus yxk gSA ;g Hkh tkusa % v esfDldks esa xqM+gy osQ lw[ks iwQyksa dks mckydj cuk;k x;k is; ^,xqvk Ms tekbdk* vius jax vkSj rh[ks Lokn osQ fy, dkiQh yksdfiz; gSA v xqM+gy dk 'kjcr fny vkSj fnekx dks 'kfDr iznku djrk gS rFkk cq[kkj vkSj iznj esa Hkh ykHkdkjh gksrk gSA v cqjka'k osQ iwQy dk twl ân; jksx ls ihfM+r O;fDr osQ fy, cgqr ykHknk;d gS rFkk ân; laca/h fodkjksa dks nwj djrk gSA 32

vyadkj fganh ikB~;iqLrd&4