28. On al-Nasir, see al-Maqqari, IV: 383/II: 323–24; al-Marrakushi, 307–23. 29. On the last days of the Almohads, see Kennedy, Muslim Spain and Portugal, 237–66; O’Callaghan, Reconquest and Crusade, 78–98; Al-Maqqari, IV: 383–84/II: 324–25; al-Marrakushi. 335. 30. The quote comes from al-Qadi al-Fadil, cited in Lyons and Jackson, Saladin, 244. On Saladin’s campaigns against the Franks, see Holt, The Age of the Crusades, 53–59; Lyons and Jackson, Saladin, 242–53; Eddé, Saladin, 187–202; Ibn Shaddad, 74–98/71–91; IA, XI: 529–58/II: 318–39, XII: 5–23/II: 344–57, XII: 27–32/II: 360–63; Abu Shama, III. 31. On Reynald, see Bernard Hamilton, “The Elephant of Christ: Reynald of Châtillon,” in D. Baker, ed., Religious Motivation: Biographical and Sociological Problems for the Church Historian (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978), 97–108, which attempts to dispel his bad press. Hillenbrand explores how his treatment as a prisoner of war may have shaped his career in “The Imprisonment of Reynald of Châtillon.” On the Red Sea expedition, Gary Leiser, “The Crusader Raid in the Red Sea in 578/1182–83,” Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 13 (1976): 87–100 provides a thorough review of the Arabic sources. And see Marcus Milwright, “Reynald of Châtillon and the Red Sea Expedition of 1182–83,” in Christie and Yazigi, Noble Ideals and Bloody Realities, 235–60, which speculates on the question of motive. 32. On the battle of Hattin, see Lyons and Jackson, Saladin, 255–66; Benjamin Kedar, “The Battle of Hattin Revisited,” in B. Z. Kedar, ed., The Horns of Hattin (Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi, 1992), 190–207; Eddé, Saladin, 203–18. 33. IA, XI: 536/II: 323. 34. C. P. Melville and M. C. Lyons, “Saladin’s Hattin Letter,” in Kedar, The Horns of Hattin, 208–12, quote on 212. 35. Ibn Shaddad, 79/75 (slightly modified). 36. Abu Shama, III: 299. 37. On the victory dome, see Z. Gal, “Saladin’s Dome of Victory at the Horns of Hattin,” in Kedar, The Horns of Hattin, 213–15. 38. On Saladin’s conquests in Syria in the wake of Hattin (excepting Jerusalem), see Eddé, Saladin, 227–37. 39. Lyons and Jackson, Saladin, 267–77; Eddé, Saladin, 218–27. 40. Lyons and Jackson, Saladin, 273, citing the anonymous Latin Continuation of William of Tyre. 41. IA, XI: 551/II: 334. 42. ʿImad al-Din al-Isfahani, Kitab al-fath al-qussi fi al-fath al-qudsi, ed. C. Landberg (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1888), 60. 43. IA, XI: 551/II: 334. 44. ʿImad al-Din, Kitab al-fath al-qussi fi al-fath al-qudsi, 69. 45. The complete text of Muhyi al-Din’s victory sermon can be found in Ibn Khallikan, Wafayat al-aʿyan, ed. Yusuf ʿAli Tawil and Maryan Qasim Tawil,
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